A grinding device

Abstract

The application provides a grinding device for machining a component to be ground, the component to be ground having a thrust surface at an end of the component to be ground and an outer cylindrical surface arranged around the component to be ground, the grinding device comprising: a support plate, the support plate being provided with a first guide surface; a guide wheel, the guide wheel being rotatably arranged; the guide wheel being provided with a second guide surface; the first guide surface and the second guide surface having a mounting space for accommodating the component to be ground; a positioning assembly, the positioning assembly being used for positioning the component to be ground in the mounting space; and a grinding wheel, the grinding wheel being rotatably arranged to grind the thrust surface of the component to be ground. The grinding device of the application solves the technical problem of high cost of machining the thrust surface of a crankshaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding technology, and more specifically to a grinding apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technology, the grinding of the crankshaft thrust surface of a rotary compressor uses a thrust surface grinding machine equipped with a dedicated V-block grinding fixture (see appendix). Figure 1 When grinding the thrust surface of a rotary compressor crankshaft, it is clamped in the following manner before grinding: See Figure 1 The machine is positioned using V-blocks and clamped by two hydraulic cylinders. The grinding wheel is fed in the Z direction to perform thrust grinding, achieving a surface roughness of Ra0.3 and a flatness of 0.005.

[0003] However, existing technologies for grinding crankshaft thrust surfaces all employ the aforementioned processing method. This type of grinding equipment is a commonly used method in the industry, but the processing method is too simplistic, which is not conducive to the production mode of multiple varieties and small batches, and increases production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a grinding device and grinding method to solve the technical problem of high cost in machining crankshaft thrust surfaces in related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A grinding apparatus is provided for processing a part to be ground, the part to be ground having a thrust surface located at its end and an outer cylindrical surface surrounding the part to be ground; the grinding apparatus includes: The pallet has a first guide surface. A guide wheel is rotatably disposed; a second guide surface is provided on the guide wheel; there is an installation space between the first guide surface and the second guide surface for accommodating the part to be ground; A positioning component, used to position the part to be ground within the mounting space; A grinding component is rotatably configured to grind the thrust surface of the component to be ground.

[0006] Furthermore, the tray includes: A bracket, wherein a mounting part is provided on the bracket, and a mounting groove is provided on the mounting part; A support block is disposed within the mounting groove; the first guide surface is disposed on the support block.

[0007] Furthermore, there are multiple mounting portions, which are arranged at intervals; there are multiple support blocks, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the mounting portions; and / or, The support block is detachably disposed within the mounting slot; and / or, The first guide surface has an angle of 30° with the horizontal direction; the first guide surface is used to support the part to be ground.

[0008] Furthermore, the grinding component includes a rotating shaft and a grinding section connected to the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is rotatably disposed; the grinding section is provided with a first grinding surface for grinding the thrust surface and a connecting surface connected to the first grinding surface; the connecting surface is located on the side of the first grinding surface near the rotating shaft, and the included angle α between the connecting surface and the thrust surface ranges from 8° to 10°.

[0009] Furthermore, the grinding component includes a first grinding component and a second grinding component; the first grinding component and the second grinding component are detachably disposed relative to each other, the first grinding surface is disposed on the first grinding component; the second grinding component is provided with a second grinding surface for grinding the outer cylindrical surface.

[0010] Furthermore, the positioning component includes a top block for abutting against the end of the part to be ground that is away from the thrust surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the positioning component includes a connecting seat, which is connected to the tray, and the top block is disposed on the connecting seat.

[0012] Furthermore, the top block includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion that are interconnected; the first connecting portion is connected to the connecting seat; the second connecting portion is used to abut against the part to be ground; the end of the first connecting portion away from the second connecting portion has a contact surface for abutting against the part to be ground.

[0013] Furthermore, The second connecting portion is provided with a groove, which is recessed into the contact surface; and / or, At least a portion of the contact surface is an arc surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the positioning assembly also includes a pressing cylinder, the piston rod of which is movably disposed to push the part to be ground against the top block.

[0015] Furthermore, the grinding apparatus includes: A push-tightening seat is provided with a pressing cylinder; when the part to be ground is located in the installation space, the piston rod of the pressing cylinder is movably arranged on the side of the part to be ground away from the support plate to squeeze or release the part to be ground.

[0016] Furthermore, there are at least two pressing cylinders, and the at least two pressing cylinders are arranged at intervals; and / or, The pressing cylinder is equipped with rollers, which are rotatably mounted; the rollers are used to abut against the part to be ground.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The grinding apparatus of the present invention is used to process a part to be ground, the part having a thrust surface at its end and an outer cylindrical surface surrounding it. The grinding apparatus includes: a support plate with a first guide surface; a guide wheel rotatably disposed thereon; a second guide surface disposed on the guide wheel; an installation space between the first and second guide surfaces for accommodating the part to be ground; a positioning assembly for positioning the part to be ground within the installation space; and a grinding component rotatably disposed thereon for grinding the thrust surface of the part to be ground. The grinding apparatus of the present invention solves the technical problem of high cost in processing crankshaft thrust surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding component of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the grinding component of the grinding apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first grinding surface of the grinding component of the grinding device used in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the grinding apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the top block of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection surface of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support plate of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a front view of the support plate of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the top block of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a front view of the top block of the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rollers in the grinding device used in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The above figures include the following reference numerals: 10. Part to be ground; 101. Thrust surface; 102. Outer cylindrical surface; 2. Support plate; 1. First guide surface; 21. Bracket; 211. Mounting part; 22. Support block; 3. Guide wheel; 31. Second guide surface; 4. Positioning component; 41. Top block; 411. First connecting part; 412. Second connecting part; 413. Contact surface; 414. Groove; 42. Connecting seat; 43. Pushing cylinder; 44. Pushing seat; 45. Pressing cylinder; 46. Roller; 5. Grinding component; 51. Rotating shaft; 501. First grinding component; 502. Second grinding component; 5021. Second grinding surface; 52. Grinding part; 521. First grinding surface; 522. Connecting surface. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] See Figures 1 to 12 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a grinding apparatus is provided for processing a component 10 to be ground. The component 10 to be ground has a thrust surface 101 located at the end of the component 10 and an outer circular surface 102 surrounding the component 10. The grinding apparatus includes: a support plate 2, on which a first guide surface 1 is provided; a guide wheel 3, rotatably disposed; a guide wheel 3, on which a second guide surface 31 is provided; an installation space for accommodating the component 10 to be ground is provided between the first guide surface 1 and the second guide surface 31; a positioning component 4, used for positioning the component 10 to be ground within the installation space; and a grinding component 5, rotatably disposed, for grinding the thrust surface 101 of the component 10 to be ground.

[0022] With the above configuration, a mounting space for accommodating the part 10 to be ground is formed by the first guide surface 1 on the support plate 2 and the second guide surface 31 on the guide wheel 3. When the guide wheel 3 rotates, thereby driving the part 10 to be ground, the support plate 2 and the guide wheel 3 cooperate to fix the part 10 to be ground. This allows for the fixing of different types of crankshafts during machining, reducing the need for mold opening in existing crankshaft machining processes, enabling the manufacturing of small batches of various products, and lowering costs. It also solves the technical problem of high machining costs for crankshaft thrust surfaces.

[0023] By adopting the above settings, the single grinding method of crankshaft thrust surface grinding using V-block positioning is solved. By studying the grinding mechanism of centerless grinders, the grinding device is designed and researched. A centerless grinding device capable of grinding thrust surfaces is designed, realizing that the centerless grinder can grind both outer diameters and thrust surfaces. In practical applications, it can cope with multi-variety, small-batch production modes, can achieve rapid switching between different models, and can achieve multi-purpose use, reducing the cost of purchasing special equipment. When machining crankshaft outer diameters and thrust surfaces, it can save the cost of purchased equipment, and tooling switching can save 5.5 hours / time, greatly improving production efficiency.

[0024] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 9 The tray 2 includes: a bracket 21, on which a mounting part 211 is provided, and a mounting groove is provided on the mounting part 211; a support block 22, which is disposed in the mounting groove; and a first guide surface 1 disposed on the support block 22.

[0025] By adopting the above configuration and setting support blocks 22 with different structures, the crankshaft can be adapted to different outer cylindrical surface structures, thereby adapting to the processing of different types of crankshafts.

[0026] Specifically, the support plate 2 includes a fixing part; the mounting part 211 protrudes from the fixing part. In this way, the mounting part 211 protrudes, thereby avoiding interference from additional structures when the guide wheel 3 and the grinding component 5 rotate.

[0027] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, there are multiple mounting portions 211, which are arranged at intervals; there are multiple support blocks 22, which are arranged one-to-one with the multiple mounting portions 211; and / or, the support blocks 22 are detachably disposed in the mounting groove; and / or, the angle between the first guide surface 1 and the horizontal direction is 30°; the first guide surface 1 is used to support the part 10 to be ground.

[0028] By adopting the above configuration, multiple mounting parts 211 can be provided to accommodate different support blocks 22, thereby meeting the processing requirements of different types of crankshafts.

[0029] The support block 22 is detachably installed in the mounting slot, which allows the support block 22 to be easily replaced according to different crankshafts, thus increasing work efficiency.

[0030] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, the grinding component 5 includes a rotating shaft 51 and a grinding section 52 connected to the rotating shaft 51; the rotating shaft 51 is rotatably disposed; the grinding section 52 is provided with a first grinding surface 521 for grinding the thrust surface 101 and a connecting surface 522 connected to the first grinding surface 521; the connecting surface 522 is located on the side of the first grinding surface 521 close to the rotating shaft 51, and the included angle α between the connecting surface 522 and the thrust surface 101 is in the range of 8° to 10°.

[0031] With the above configuration, a circular groove structure is formed between the connecting surface 522 and the part 10 to be ground, which facilitates the removal of chips during grinding.

[0032] Specifically, grinding the thrust surface 101 with a grinding wheel is a low-cost method.

[0033] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, the grinding component 5 includes a first grinding component 501 and a second grinding component 502; the first grinding component 501 and the second grinding component 502 are detachably disposed relative to each other, the first grinding surface 521 is disposed on the first grinding component 501; the second grinding component 502 is provided with a second grinding surface 5021 for grinding the outer cylindrical surface 102.

[0034] With the above configuration, the grinding component 5 can simultaneously machine the thrust surface 101 and the outer cylindrical surface 102 of the crankshaft. When it is necessary to machine only a certain part, the two can also be separated.

[0035] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, the positioning component 4 includes a top block 41, which is used to abut against the end of the part 10 to be ground that is away from the thrust surface 101.

[0036] With the above configuration, the top block 41 is used to limit the axial movement of the crankshaft, thereby facilitating machining.

[0037] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, the positioning component 4 includes a connecting seat 42, which is connected to the support plate 2, and the top block 41 is disposed on the connecting seat 42.

[0038] Specifically, the top block 41 and the connecting seat 42 are fixed on the support plate 2 to limit the crankshaft axial movement and prevent the material from falling off and hitting the machine during end face grinding.

[0039] See Figure 10 , Figure 11 In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, the top block 41 includes a first connecting part 411 and a second connecting part 412 connected to each other; the first connecting part 411 is connected to the connecting seat 42; the second connecting part 412 is used to abut against the part 10 to be ground; the end of the first connecting part 411 away from the second connecting part 412 has a contact surface 413 for abutting against the part 10 to be ground.

[0040] By adopting the above configuration, the top block 41 can be better adapted to the structure of the ends of different crankshafts.

[0041] See Figure 10 In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, a groove 414 is provided in the second connecting part 412, and the groove 414 is recessed into the contact surface 413; and / or, at least a portion of the contact surface 413 is an arc surface.

[0042] With the above configuration, a groove 414 is provided in the second connecting portion 412, thereby reducing the contact area between the top block 41 and the part 10 to be ground, increasing the pressure between the top block 41 and the crankshaft, and improving the stability during stable processing. Making at least a portion of the contact surface 413 an arc surface can prevent the part 10 to be ground from being damaged when it comes into contact with the top block 41.

[0043] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, the positioning component 4 further includes a push-tightening cylinder 43, the piston rod of which is movably disposed to push the part to be ground 10 to abut against the top block 41.

[0044] See Figures 1 to 3 In the grinding device of this embodiment, the grinding device includes: a push seat 44, on which a pressing cylinder 45 is provided; when the part to be ground 10 is located in the installation space, the piston rod of the pressing cylinder 45 is movably provided on the side of the part to be ground 10 away from the support plate 2, so as to squeeze or release the part to be ground 10.

[0045] With the above configuration, when machining is performed, the lower cylinder 45 fixes the part 10 to be ground from above, thereby ensuring structural stability.

[0046] In the grinding apparatus of this embodiment, there are at least two pressing cylinders 45, which are arranged at intervals; and / or, each pressing cylinder 45 is provided with a roller 46, which is rotatably arranged; the roller 46 is used to abut against the part 10 to be ground.

[0047] Specifically, the lower cylinder 45 and the rolling bearing press the outer circle of the crankshaft together. When the crankshaft rotates, the rolling bearing also rotates, so that the outer circle is subjected to uniform force. This can reduce the abnormal runout that occurs when the crankshaft rotates, and at the same time prevent the crankshaft from being lifted up by the axial force generated during end face grinding, thus preventing safety hazards.

[0048] The working principle of the grinding device in this embodiment is as follows: During centerless grinding, the crankshaft (i.e., the part to be ground 10 in this embodiment) is positioned by the support plate 2 and the guide wheel 3. Under the combined action of the grinding wheel (i.e., the grinding part 5 in this embodiment) and the guide wheel 3, the crankshaft rotates and the grinding wheel performs external circle infeed grinding. By adding an axial limiting structure at one end of the support plate 2, the non-finished section of the outer circle is pressed by a gas spring device, and the grinding wheel performs axial grinding to achieve thrust surface finishing and meet production accuracy requirements.

[0049] The centerless grinding device uses a non-moving machining method for the guide wheel 3, which only rotates at a speed of 10 rpm to 30 rpm, driving the crankshaft to rotate. At the same time, the grinding wheel rotates at a high speed of 1200 rpm to 1500 rpm, and the grinding wheel feeds in the Z and X directions to achieve thrust surface infeed grinding.

[0050] After the crankshaft is picked up by the loading jaws, it is placed between the inclined surface (first guide surface 1) of the pallet 2 and the arc surface (second guide surface 31) of the guide wheel 3 to form a line support. Then, the push cylinder 43 extends the push rod to push out the crankshaft, pressing the other end of the crankshaft against the end face of the top block 41. The cylinder push rod mechanism then retracts, and then the pressing cylinder 45 moves over and extends to press the outer circle of the crankshaft. At this time, the guide wheel 3 rotates to drive the crankshaft to rotate. Finally, the grinding wheel moves through the XZ axis to achieve the end face cutting grinding of the crankshaft thrust surface, and finally meets the grinding process requirements. The grinding wheel retracts, the pressing cylinder 45 retracts, and the unloading jaws pick up the crankshaft and put it into the unloading channel.

[0051] Specifically, the grinding wheel body is made of single-crystal corundum material, which is low in cost and meets the requirements of grinding process. The support plate 2 is made of No. 45 steel and cemented carbide YG10 to meet the positioning requirements. The top block 41 and the connecting seat 42 are made of No. 45 medium carbon steel, which needs to be vacuum heat treated to achieve a hardness of 55~60HRC. The gas spring is a hydraulic gas spring made of seamless stainless steel pipe. The push cylinder 43 is an SMC cylinder CDM2B20-25Z. The guide wheel 3 is made of polyurethane synthetic material.

[0052] In some embodiments, the bearing top block support surface is replaced with YG8 alloy as a substitute for scarce materials; however, the use of YG8 alloy can easily lead to cracks and breakage of the alloy; if cracks and breakage occur, the YG8 alloy needs to be replaced to ensure the fit of axial positioning and the smoothness of crankshaft rotation.

[0053] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0054] Optionally, specific examples in this embodiment can refer to the examples described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0056] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A grinding apparatus for machining a workpiece (10) to be ground, the workpiece (10) having a thrust surface (101) at an end of the workpiece (10) and an outer cylindrical surface (102) surrounding the workpiece (10), characterized in that, The grinding apparatus includes: The pallet (2) is provided with a first guide surface (1); The guide wheel (3) is rotatably disposed; a second guide surface (31) is disposed on the guide wheel (3); there is an installation space between the first guide surface (1) and the second guide surface (31) for accommodating the part (10) to be ground; Positioning component (4), the positioning component (4) is used to position the part (10) to be ground in the installation space; A grinding component (5) is rotatably disposed to grind the thrust surface (101) of the component (10) to be ground. The grinding component (5) includes a rotating shaft (51) and a grinding part (52) connected to the rotating shaft (51). The rotating shaft (51) is rotatably disposed. The grinding part (52) is provided with a first grinding surface (521) for grinding the thrust surface (101) and a connecting surface (522) connected to the first grinding surface (521). The connecting surface (522) is located on the side of the first grinding surface (521) near the rotating shaft (51). The grinding component (5) includes a first grinding component (501) and a second grinding component (502); the first grinding component (501) and the second grinding component (502) are detachably disposed relative to each other, the first grinding surface (521) is disposed on the first grinding component (501); the second grinding component (502) is provided with a second grinding surface (5021) for grinding the outer cylindrical surface (102).

2. The grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tray (2) includes: A bracket (21) is provided with a mounting part (211) and a mounting groove is provided on the mounting part (211); Support block (22), the support block (22) is disposed in the mounting groove; the first guide surface (1) is disposed on the support block (22).

3. The grinding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are multiple mounting parts (211), which are arranged at intervals; there are multiple support blocks (22), which are arranged one-to-one with each of the mounting parts (211); and / or, The support block (22) is detachably disposed within the mounting slot; and / or, The first guide surface (1) has an angle of 30° with the horizontal direction; the first guide surface (1) is used to support the part to be ground (10).

4. The grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle α between the connecting surface (522) and the thrust surface (101) ranges from 8° to 10°.

5. The grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning component (4) includes a top block (41) for abutting against the end of the part to be ground (10) away from the thrust surface (101).

6. The grinding apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The positioning component (4) includes a connecting seat (42) which is connected to the tray (2), and the top block (41) is disposed on the connecting seat (42).

7. The grinding apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top block (41) includes a first connecting part (411) and a second connecting part (412) that are connected to each other; the first connecting part (411) is connected to the connecting seat (42); the second connecting part (412) is used to abut against the part (10) to be ground; the end of the first connecting part (411) away from the second connecting part (412) has a contact surface (413) for abutting against the part (10) to be ground.

8. The grinding apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second connecting portion (412) is provided with a groove (414), which is recessed into the contact surface (413); and / or, At least a portion of the contact surface (413) is an arc surface.

9. The grinding apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positioning assembly (4) also includes a push-tightening cylinder (43), the piston rod of which is movably disposed to push the part to be ground (10) to abut against the top block (41).

10. The grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding apparatus includes: A push seat (44) is provided with a pressing cylinder (45); when the part to be ground (10) is located in the installation space, the piston rod of the pressing cylinder (45) is movably provided on the side of the part to be ground (10) away from the support plate (2) to squeeze or release the part to be ground (10).

11. The grinding apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that, The pressing cylinder (45) is at least two, and the at least two pressing cylinders (45) are arranged at intervals; and / or, The pressing cylinder (45) is provided with a roller (46), which is rotatably arranged; the roller (46) is used to abut against the part (10) to be ground.

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