Roof waterproof system based on ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer
By adopting a structured and integrated design of ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layer on the building roof, the problems of easy aging and leakage of existing roof waterproofing systems have been solved, achieving long-term waterproofing with the same lifespan as the building structure, simplifying the construction layers, and improving construction efficiency and the reliability of the waterproofing system.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOUTH CHINA UNIV OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing building roof waterproofing systems are prone to aging and cracking during long-term use, leading to frequent leaks. They also cannot last as long as the building structure and therefore cannot meet the requirements for long-term waterproofing.
Using ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layers as part of the structural layer or as an independent waterproofing layer, combined with integrated design, eliminating expansion joints, and utilizing the high impermeability and crack resistance of ultra-high performance concrete, a highly durable waterproofing system is constructed, adapting to different application scenarios and eliminating the need for traditional leveling layers, protective layers, or vapor barriers.
It achieves long-term waterproofing with the same lifespan as the building structure, simplifies the construction layers, reduces construction costs, improves construction efficiency and project quality, reduces the risk of leakage at joints, and has good applicability and flexibility, meeting the long-term stable waterproofing needs of high-rise buildings and public facilities.
Smart Images
Figure CN121827508A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building engineering waterproofing, in particular to a roof waterproofing system based on a super high performance concrete waterproofing layer. BACKGROUND
[0002] The roof structure generally comprises a structural layer, a sloping layer, a leveling layer disposed on the structural layer, and a waterproofing layer, an insulation layer disposed on the leveling layer, and a protective layer disposed on the insulation layer, and a thermal insulation layer can be further provided; the waterproofing layer can also be disposed on the insulation layer.
[0003] The existing building roof waterproofing mostly uses flexible coiled materials or film-coated waterproofing systems, which are convenient to construct and have moderate costs, but in the long-term use process, they are often affected by factors such as thermal expansion and contraction, base deformation, and construction defects, leading to problems such as coiled material edge lifting, cracking, hollowing, and leakage, especially at the base of the parapet wall, pipe penetration joints, and deformation joint areas, where leakage frequently occurs. The current national standard "General Specification for Waterproofing of Buildings and Municipal Engineering" GB 55030-2022 requires that the design working life of roof waterproofing be no less than 20 years, which cannot achieve the same service life as the structure, and the building needs to be repaired multiple times during its service life, so the building roof leakage problem needs to be solved urgently.
[0004] In recent years, super high performance concrete materials have gradually been applied in the fields of power and bridges due to their ultra-high strength and excellent durability. However, the structural application of super high performance concrete in roof waterproofing is still in the blank stage.
[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a roof waterproofing system based on super high performance concrete, which fully utilizes its high impermeability, crack resistance, and durability, and realizes the structuring, standardization, and long-term effectiveness of the waterproofing structure through integrated construction and system design, thereby comprehensively improving the protection capability of the building throughout its life cycle and achieving a roof waterproofing design working life no less than the working life of the engineering structure design. SUMMARY
[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a roof waterproofing system based on a super high performance concrete waterproofing layer, which can realize long-term effectiveness, high reliability, and construction simplification of roof waterproofing.
[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A roof waterproofing system based on a super high performance concrete waterproofing layer, the roof comprising a structural layer, a sloping layer, a leveling layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer, the roof being provided with at least one super high performance concrete waterproofing layer, and the super high performance concrete waterproofing layer not being provided with a divided joint. The waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is set as a part of the structural layer, and is called waterproof structural surface layer, waterproof structural middle layer or waterproof structural bottom layer according to the location, and forms a composite waterproof layer with the ordinary reinforced concrete layer of the structural layer. If the traditional roof is provided with a vapor barrier, the composite waterproof layer can cancel the traditional vapor barrier because it has the functions of vapor barrier and waterproof. Alternatively, the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is set on the structural layer, the leveling layer or the thermal insulation layer to form an independent waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete. When the independent waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is set on the structural layer or the leveling layer, the leveling layer can be canceled. When the independent waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is set on the thermal insulation layer, an isolation layer is set between the independent waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete and the thermal insulation layer. The independent waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete has the functions of waterproof and protection, and the protection layer above the waterproof layer can be canceled.
[0008] Further, the roof is provided with at least two waterproof layers of ultra-high performance concrete, which are any one or combination of the composite waterproof layer and the independent waterproof layer.
[0009] Further, the ultra-high performance concrete of the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is low-shrinkage or micro-expansion ultra-high performance concrete. When the floor slab adopts a composite slab or a permanent form as the bottom layer of the structural layer, the composite slab or the permanent form and the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete jointly constitute the structural layer, and the thickness of the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is 40-80 mm. When the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete has the functions of waterproof and protection, the thickness thereof is 15-50 mm. In other cases, the thickness of the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is 10-30 mm.
[0010] Further, when the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete is the composite waterproof layer, the concrete above the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete adopts self-repairing concrete.
[0011] Further, the roof further includes a gutter and / or a gutter, which is formed by extending the waterproof layer of ultra-high performance concrete, and is formed by using an ultra-high performance concrete thin-wall prefabricated part or cast-in-situ ultra-high performance concrete. The prefabricated part is connected into a whole by using an ultra-high performance concrete wet joint material at the joint between the segments.
[0012] Further, the roof further includes a coping of a parapet wall, which is formed by using an ultra-high performance concrete thin-wall prefabricated part or cast-in-situ ultra-high performance concrete. The prefabricated part is connected into a whole by using an ultra-high performance concrete wet joint material at the joint between the segments.
[0013] Further, the roof is further provided with a parapet wall and / or a counter beam, and the super high performance concrete independent waterproof layer extends upwards at the water spreading position of the parapet wall or the counter beam to form a water spreading section, the water spreading section is turned upwards along the parapet wall or the counter beam to a position below the coping or a position with a turning-up height greater than or equal to 250 mm, and the end position is sealed by using waterproof material, and the sun and the shadow corner is treated by using the super high performance concrete waterproof layer to form a circular arc transition.
[0014] Further, the roof is further provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is formed by extending the super high performance concrete waterproof layer, wherein the water outlet is formed by using a super high performance concrete thin-wall prefabricated part, and the part of the super high performance concrete thin-wall prefabricated part penetrating through the super high performance concrete waterproof layer is designed to form a continuous waterproof layer with the super high performance concrete waterproof layer.
[0015] Further, the roof is further provided with an equal-height deformation joint, and the top of the equal-height deformation joint is provided with a super high performance concrete prefabricated waterproof cover plate, the super high performance concrete prefabricated waterproof cover plate is an extension of the super high performance concrete waterproof layer, and the super high performance concrete prefabricated waterproof cover plate is connected into a whole by using a super high performance concrete wet joint material at the joint between the super high performance concrete prefabricated waterproof cover plate sections.
[0016] Further, the roof is further provided with a pipe penetrating through the roof, and the pipe penetrating through the roof is provided with a super high performance concrete prefabricated sleeve, the super high performance concrete prefabricated sleeve is connected with the super high performance concrete waterproof layer to form a continuous waterproof structure, a gap is reserved between the super high performance concrete prefabricated sleeve and the pipe penetrating through the roof and is sealed by using a sealing material, and the super high performance concrete prefabricated sleeve and the pipe penetrating through the roof are sealed by using waterproof material at the top of the super high performance concrete prefabricated sleeve, the outer side of the joint between the super high performance concrete prefabricated sleeve and the structure layer and the super high performance concrete waterproof layer is provided with a connecting piece or a water stop ring, and the super high performance concrete prefabricated sleeve is higher than the roof by a height greater than or equal to 250 mm.
[0017] Overall, the present application has the following advantages: (1) A rigid waterproof system with high durability and high integrity is constructed, the super high performance concrete waterproof layer does not have a divided joint by using the high impermeability, crack resistance and durability of the super high performance concrete material, the leakage risk of the traditional flexible waterproof coiled material caused by aging and damage is fundamentally eliminated, and the long-term waterproof goal of the same service life of the roof waterproof and the building structure is achieved.
[0018] (2) By means of the integrated design, the leveling layer, the protection layer or the vapor barrier layer can be cancelled in different setting scenes, the roof structure level is significantly simplified, the construction efficiency and the engineering quality are improved, and the construction cost is reduced.
[0019] (3) The details of the nodes are integrated by using the super high performance concrete, the continuity and the reliability of the waterproof system are comprehensively guaranteed by means of the standardization and the prefabrication, and the leakage risk of the node position is greatly reduced.
[0020] (4) It can be flexibly combined to form one, two or three layers of waterproofing protection, adapt to different waterproofing level requirements, and has good applicability and flexibility. It can meet the long-term stable waterproofing requirements of high-rise buildings, public facilities and roof platforms.
[0021] (5) Under normal use, the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer can achieve the same lifespan for roof waterproofing and building structure, realize waterproofing function without maintenance, reduce later maintenance costs, and has outstanding economic benefits throughout the entire life cycle. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the precast parapet wall capping of the ultra-high performance concrete of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ultra-high performance concrete water outlet of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the precast ultra-high performance concrete water outlet component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultra-high performance concrete precast sleeve of the present invention.
[0024] In the picture: 1-Structural layer; 1.1-Bottom layer of structural layer; 2-Ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer; 3-Vacuum barrier; 4-Slope finding layer; 5-Leveling layer; 6-Insulation layer; 7-Isolation layer; 8-Protective layer; 9-Ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer; 10-Parapet wall; 10.1-Groove; 10.2-Ultra-high performance concrete precast parapet wall coping; 10.3-Drip groove; 11-Water outlet; 11.1-Ultra-high performance concrete precast water outlet hopper; 11.2-Water-stop ring 12-Ultra-high performance precast concrete sleeve; 12.1-Circular connecting base plate; 13-Sealing material. Detailed Implementation
[0025] This invention aims to solve the technical problems of existing flexible roof waterproofing systems, such as easy aging, easy hollowing and cracking, easy leakage at joints, and lack of long-term waterproofing solutions integrated with the structure. This invention achieves long-term effectiveness, high reliability, and simplified construction of roof waterproofing through the structured and integrated design of an ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layer.
[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail.
[0027] The typical roof structure combinations involved in this invention are mainly divided into the following three categories based on the installation method and number of waterproofing layers of ultra-high performance concrete: 1. The roof structure adopts method one and is a single waterproofing layer.
[0028] In this type, the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer, as part of the structural layer, forms a composite waterproof layer with the ordinary reinforced concrete layer of the structural layer, possessing both load-bearing and waterproofing functions. Its typical structure, from top to bottom, includes: 1.1 Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer replaces the structural layer bottom layer 1.1: protective layer 8, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, structural layer, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural bottom layer.
[0029] 1.2 Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer replaces structural surface layer: protective layer 8, isolation layer 7, insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, structural layer bottom layer 1.1 or permanent formwork / composite board.
[0030] 1.3 Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer replaces the structural layer middle layer: protective layer 8, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, structural layer, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural middle layer, permanent formwork or composite slab.
[0031] 1.4 Slope finding and ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer replacing structural surface layer: protective layer 8, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, structural layer bottom layer 1.1.
[0032] 2. The roof structure adopts method two and is a single waterproofing layer.
[0033] In this type, the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is laid as an independent ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer 9, which can replace traditional structural layers according to location, achieving functional integration. Its typical structure from top to bottom includes: 2.1 Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 replaces leveling layer 5, which has both waterproofing and leveling functions: protective layer 8, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, slope finding layer 4, structural layer 1.
[0034] 2.2 Structural slope finding and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 replace leveling layer 5, which has both waterproofing and leveling functions: protective layer 8, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, and structural layer 1.
[0035] 2.3 Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 as a separate waterproof layer: protective layer 8, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, structural layer 1.
[0036] 2.4 Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 replaces protective layer 8, and also has the function of protective layer 8: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, vapor barrier layer 3, structural layer 1.
[0037] 2.5 Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 replaces protective layer 8, and also has the function of protective layer 8: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, structural layer 1.
[0038] 2.6 Slope finding and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 replaces protective layer 8, and also has the functions of protective layer 8: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, vapor barrier layer 3, structural layer 1.
[0039] 2.7 Slope finding and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 replaces protective layer 8, and also has the functions of protective layer 8: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, structural layer 1.
[0040] 3. The roof structure uses an ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer as a double-layer waterproofing system.
[0041] In this type, multiple layers of waterproofing are achieved by combining Method 1 and Method 2, or by repeatedly using Method 2. Its typical structure, from top to bottom, includes: 3.1 Material slope finding, double ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, slope finding layer 4, structural layer 1.
[0042] 3.2 Slope finding of structure, double ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, structural layer 1.
[0043] 3.3 Material slope finding, double ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, structural layer 1.
[0044] 3.4 Material slope finding, combination of ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structure bottom layer and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, structural surface layer, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structure bottom layer.
[0045] 3.5 Material slope finding, combination of ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, structural layer bottom layer 1.1.
[0046] 3.6 Slope finding, combination of ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, thermal insulation layer 6, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, structural layer bottom layer 1.1.
[0047] 3.7 Material slope finding, combination of ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structure intermediate layer and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, structural surface layer, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structure intermediate layer, permanent formwork.
[0048] 3.8 Material slope finding, combination of ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9: ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, isolation layer 7, insulation layer 6, leveling layer 5, slope finding layer 4, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, composite slab.
[0049] After describing various embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the roof structures with one or two ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layers listed above are merely typical examples provided to clearly demonstrate the core innovations of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0050] Those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer provided by this invention, additional waterproof and insulation layers of other types can be added to the roof system according to the specific waterproofing level, protection requirements, or local building codes of the project. For example, other waterproof and insulation layers can be added to any of the above structures. The choice of materials and placement of these additional waterproof layers does not affect the realization of the technical solution of this invention, which uses ultra-high performance concrete as the core waterproof layer. The core of this invention lies in the way the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is installed and its integration with the roof structure; its scope of rights is not changed by the presence of other additional waterproof layers.
[0051] After systematically describing the structural layout and typical roof combinations of the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer in this invention, to further clarify and complete the technical solution of this invention, the specific embodiments of this invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are intended to demonstrate the feasible paths of this invention under different engineering conditions, including embodiments where the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is part of a structural layer and embodiments where it is an independent waterproof layer. The embodiments are not mutually exclusive; the specific structural form, material options, and construction methods can be appropriately adjusted according to engineering requirements. Equivalent substitutions or technical modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of this invention should be considered to fall within the protection scope of this invention.
[0052] Example 1 (Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer replacing structural surface layer) See Figure 1 In this embodiment, the roof adopts a material slope-finding method, and its overall structure from bottom to top includes: a structural layer 1.1, an ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, a slope-finding layer 4, a leveling layer 5, an insulation layer 6, an isolation layer 7, and a protective layer 8. The construction steps are as follows: S1. Construction of the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2: After the concrete strength of the bottom layer 1.1 is not less than 15MPa (usually 3-7 days after pouring) and the base treatment is completed, the construction of the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 shall be carried out. The base treatment shall ensure that the base layer is clean and free of oil stains.
[0053] The ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 is made of low-shrinkage ultra-high performance concrete with a thickness of 20mm, and its 28-day drying shrinkage value is no greater than 300×10⁻. 6 The compressive strength is not less than 120 MPa, and the impermeability grade is not less than P30. During preparation, a forced planetary mixer is used, and the dry material is mixed first, followed by the liquid, and finally the steel fiber with a volume content of 2.0% is uniformly added. The total mixing time is controlled at 8~12 minutes until the fiber is completely dispersed and the slurry is uniform.
[0054] During construction, the mixed ultra-high performance concrete slurry is continuously poured onto the work surface. Then, before the slurry initially sets, an aluminum alloy screed is used for precise leveling, and a steel trowel is used to finish the surface. This invention particularly emphasizes that the ultra-high performance concrete layer does not have any form of dividing joints throughout the entire roof plane. Its core lies in utilizing the high tensile strength, low shrinkage, or micro-expansion characteristics of ultra-high performance concrete itself to fundamentally eliminate the risk of cracking caused by shrinkage stress concentration, thereby forming a seamless, complete waterproof shell without weak points.
[0055] After the pouring and finishing are completed, the concrete must be immediately covered with plastic film for strict water retention and curing, which should last for no less than 72 hours. This is to prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture in the early stages of ultra-high performance concrete due to its extremely low water-cement ratio, and to ensure the continuous hydration of the cementitious materials in order to achieve its high strength, high durability, and impermeability.
[0056] S2. Construction of Slope-Finding Layer 4: After the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 has been cured and reached sufficient strength, the slope-finding layer 4 is constructed. The slope-finding layer 4 is made of foamed concrete, with a dry density controlled within the range of 400-600 kg / m³ and a compressive strength of 1.0-1.5 MPa.
[0057] S3. Leveling layer 5 construction: Leveling layer 5 shall be constructed immediately after the slope-finding layer 4 is completed and reaches a strength suitable for human habitation. The leveling layer 5 shall be constructed using 1:3 cement mortar with a strength grade of not less than M15 and a thickness of 20mm.
[0058] S4. For the construction of insulation layer 6, the insulation layer 6 can only be laid after the leveling layer 5 has fully cured and the moisture content has dropped to below 15%. The insulation layer 6 is preferably made of extruded polystyrene board (XPS) with a fire rating of B1, a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.030 W / (m·K), a compressive strength of not less than 200kPa, and a water absorption rate (volume fraction) of not more than 1.0%, with a standard thickness of 100mm.
[0059] S5. After the insulation layer 6 has been laid and accepted, the isolation layer 7 should be dry-laid immediately. The isolation layer 7 is preferably made of polyester fiber non-woven fabric with a unit area mass of not less than 200g / m², and must have good alkali resistance and tensile strength.
[0060] S6. Construction of Protective Layer 8: After the isolation layer 7 has passed inspection, protective layer 8 shall be constructed immediately. Protective layer 8 is preferably 40mm thick C20 fine aggregate concrete, reinforced with Φ6 steel mesh (200mm center-to-center spacing in both directions). To effectively control shrinkage cracks, expansion joints must be set at intervals not exceeding 4000mm × 4000mm, with a joint width of 10mm, formed using pre-embedded wooden strips or polymer separator strips. After final setting, timely water curing for no less than 7 days is required. After the curing period, debris in the expansion joints shall be removed, and polyurethane sealant shall be continuously and fully injected.
[0061] It should be noted that the above Embodiment 1 elaborates on a typical roof structure and construction method using "Method 1" (integrated structure and waterproofing) as a single waterproofing layer. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the core of this invention lies in the flexible arrangement of the ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layer, which can also be applied to the roof system in the form of "Method 2" (independent waterproofing layer) and can be combined with "Method 1" to form multiple waterproofing layers. Embodiment 2 below will specifically demonstrate this.
[0062] Example 2 (Material slope finding, ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 replacing protective layer 8) See Figure 2 In this embodiment, the roof adopts a material-based slope-finding method. Its overall structure, from bottom to top, includes: structural layer 1, vapor barrier layer 3, slope-finding layer 4, leveling layer 5, insulation layer 6, isolation layer 7, and ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9. The construction steps are as follows: S1. Construction of structural layer 1 and vapor barrier 3. Structural layer 1 is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor slab with a concrete strength grade of C30 and a permeability grade of not less than P6.
[0063] After the structural layer 1 passes inspection, a vapor barrier layer 3 is applied to its surface. The vapor barrier layer 3 is a 1.5mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating.
[0064] Construction of S2, Slope-finding layer 4, Leveling layer 5, Insulation layer 6, and Isolation layer 7: In this embodiment, the material requirements for slope-finding layer 4, leveling layer 5, insulation layer 6, and isolation layer 7 are the same as those for the corresponding parts in embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here. Specifically, slope-finding layer 4 is foamed concrete, constructed with a 2% slope, and the thinnest part is not less than 20mm thick; leveling layer 5 is 20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar; insulation layer 6 is 100mm thick extruded polystyrene board (XPS); and isolation layer 7 is dry-laid 200g / m² polyester fiber nonwoven fabric.
[0065] S3. Construction of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Independent Waterproof Layer 9: An ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 is constructed on top of the isolation layer 7. This layer simultaneously undertakes the physical protection function of the traditional protective layer 8 and the waterproof function of an independent waterproof layer.
[0066] The thickness of the ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 is 40 mm. The performance requirements of its ultra-high performance concrete material (low shrinkage, compressive strength, impermeability grade, etc.) and steel fiber content are consistent with the description of the ultra-high performance concrete layer in step two of Example 1.
[0067] However, this embodiment has the following key differences: Venting pipe installation: A venting pipe system is installed within the independent waterproof layer 9 of ultra-high performance concrete. The venting pipes are preferably thin-walled precast components made of ultra-high performance concrete, and their spacing and specifications are determined according to the roof size and relevant regulations. The locations where the venting pipes penetrate the ultra-high performance concrete layer are weak points in the waterproofing; therefore, connectors or water-stop rings must be pre-installed on the outside of the pipe wall and carefully connected on-site using ultra-high performance concrete materials to ensure that this node forms a continuous waterproof system with the independent waterproof layer 9.
[0068] Functional integration: By setting up this ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9, the traditional fine stone concrete protective layer can be eliminated, realizing the simplification of structural layers and the upgrading of functions.
[0069] In summary, Example 2 demonstrates a technical solution for applying an ultra-high performance concrete layer as an independent "waterproof-protection integrated" layer on top of a traditional roof structure. This solution is particularly suitable for upgrading the waterproofing of existing roofs or as a highly durable independent waterproofing layer in new buildings. Furthermore, the ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layer installation method described in this invention offers excellent compatibility. Example 3 below will demonstrate how to construct a multi-layered waterproof roofing system with extremely high durability and reliability by combining Method 1 and Method 2.
[0070] Example 3 (Double Ultra-High Performance Concrete Waterproof Roof) See Figure 3 In this embodiment, the roof adopts a material slope-finding method and is equipped with two ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layers. Its overall structure, from bottom to top, includes: a structural layer 1.1, an ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, a slope-finding layer 4, a leveling layer 5, an insulation layer 6, an isolation layer 7, and an ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9.
[0071] S1. Construction of the Composite Structural Layer (Integrated First Layer of Waterproofing): The structural layer in this embodiment is a composite structure, and its construction method is the same as "Step Two: Construction of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Waterproof Structural Surface Layer 2" in Embodiment 1. A 20mm thick layer of ultra-high performance concrete is continuously poured on the bottom layer 1.1 of the ordinary reinforced concrete structural layer to form an ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 integrated with the structure. This layer serves as the first layer of waterproofing in the system.
[0072] S2. Construction of the intermediate structural layer: In this embodiment, the materials and construction methods of the slope-finding layer 4, leveling layer 5, insulation layer 6, and isolation layer 7 are exactly the same as the corresponding parts in embodiment 2. This includes the fact that no additional vapor barrier 3 needs to be set under the slope-finding layer 4, because the underlying ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2 can already play the role of vapor barrier 3 very well. This demonstrates another advantage of the present invention in system integration.
[0073] S3. Construction of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Independent Waterproof Layer 9 (Second Waterproofing): An ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 is constructed on the top layer. Its construction method is exactly the same as that of the ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 in Example 2, including a 30mm thickness, the installation of an venting system, and continuous waterproofing treatment with the substrate. This layer serves as a second layer of waterproofing and physical protection against external environmental exposure.
[0074] In summary, Example 3 organically combines Method 1 and Method 2 to construct a deep waterproofing system consisting of "structural waterproofing" and "functional waterproofing." The two ultra-high-performance concrete waterproofing layers are physically isolated and functionally independent. Even if one layer fails due to extreme conditions, the other can still provide complete protection, achieving a safety redundancy and ultra-long service life far exceeding traditional single waterproofing systems. This structure represents the top-level application solution of this invention in the field of high-performance, high-durability roofing.
[0075] The above embodiments detail the overall structure and construction process of the roof waterproofing system of the present invention under different configurations. However, the reliability of a high-performance waterproofing system depends not only on the integrity of the main surface layer, but also on the treatment of key details. To ensure that the ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layer forms continuous, sealed, and durable protection in complex areas such as parapet walls 10, drain outlets 11, and pipe penetrations, the following will, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provide a detailed description of a series of specially designed precast ultra-high performance concrete components and their joint structures in the present invention.
[0076] Detailed construction The key details of the roof waterproofing system of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0077] See Figure 4 This invention provides a novel parapet wall 10 node structure integrating a precast coping and a waterproof layer termination. A horizontal rectangular groove 10.1 is pre-cut on the upper end of the sidewall of the parapet wall 10 near the roof, with a depth and height of not less than 40mm and 30mm respectively, to anchor the upturned edge of the ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 of the roof. The parapet wall coping adopts a trapezoidal cross-section ultra-high performance concrete precast parapet wall coping 10.2, which protrudes from the top of the parapet wall to both the inner and outer sides, with a protrusion width of 80mm in each direction. The upper surface slopes at a 6% gradient from the outer side to the inner side, with a thickness of 20mm on the inner side and 42mm on the outer side. Drip grooves 10.3 are pre-set on both edges of the bottom surface. During installation, the ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer 9 is first upturned, embedded, and filled into the trench 10.1, and then filled with sealant 13. After it cures, a mortar layer is laid on top of the wall and a precast coping is installed. Finally, ultra-high performance concrete wet joint material is used to pour and connect all transverse joints to form a continuous and integral coping. This design provides comprehensive protection for the inner side of the parapet wall 10 through double-sided cantilever and drip edge.
[0078] See Figure 5The drainage outlet 11 of this invention adopts a split-type combined structure, which is assembled from an upper grating assembly and a lower ultra-high performance concrete precast drainage hopper 11.1. The maximum nominal diameter is 200mm. It not only achieves the dual functions of garbage interception and smooth drainage, but also has the flexibility of individually replaceable components. The upper grating assembly uses commercially available standardized finished products (such as stainless steel grating, high-strength plastic grating, etc.), which can be disassembled and replaced periodically according to actual usage conditions and component wear, effectively reducing later maintenance costs. A water-stop ring 11.2 is set on the ultra-high performance concrete precast drainage hopper 11.1 to further enhance the waterproof sealing of the joint and block seepage channels. The lower ultra-high performance concrete precast drainage hopper 11.1 is a single precast component, with its upper sides featuring an inclined U-shaped design (see details). Figure 6 This design facilitates the pouring of an ultra-high performance concrete waterproof protective layer within the area, achieving a waterproof effect at the structural level. It is the core load-bearing component for the waterproofing and drainage functions of the drain outlet 11. This structure completely eliminates the traditional reliance on flexibility between the drain outlet 11 and the waterproof layer, achieving integrated waterproofing with the same lifespan for both the joint and the roof using ultra-high performance concrete.
[0079] See Figure 7 For pipes penetrating the roof, this invention uses a precast ultra-high performance concrete sleeve 12. This component is frustum-shaped, with an upper and lower end diameter of 150mm and a wall thickness of 10mm. A circular connecting base 12.1 with a diameter of 300mm and a thickness of 15mm extends outward from the bottom. During installation, the sleeve is first fitted onto the pipe, allowing the connecting base to sit stably on the structural layer 1. Then, when pouring the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof structural surface layer 2, the cast-in-place ultra-high performance concrete completely encloses the base. The installed sleeve protrudes 300mm above the roof. Because the base is thinner than the surface layer, it is firmly anchored and sealed within the waterproof layer, forming a rigid waterproof joint without weak points. The gap between the pipe and the inner wall of the sleeve is filled tightly with oil-impregnated asphalt-impregnated hemp fibers twisted into long strips using a fine shovel, and sealed with a special sealing material 13 with a certain degree of shrinkage.
[0080] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A roof waterproofing system based on an ultra-high performance concrete waterproofing layer, the roof comprising a structural layer, a slope-forming layer, a leveling layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer, characterized in that: The roof is provided with at least one ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer, and the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is not provided with expansion joints; The ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer, as part of the structural layer, forms a composite waterproof layer with the ordinary reinforced concrete layer of the structural layer. Alternatively, the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer can be laid on top of the structural layer, slope-finding layer, or insulation layer to form an independent ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer. When the independent ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is placed on top of the structural layer or slope-finding layer, the leveling layer can be omitted. When the independent ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is placed on top of the insulation layer, an isolation layer is provided between it and the insulation layer. The independent ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer has both waterproof and protective functions, so the protective layer can be omitted.
2. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roof is provided with at least two ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layers, which can be any one or a combination of composite waterproof layers and independent waterproof layers.
3. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultra-high performance concrete used in the waterproofing layer is low-shrinkage or micro-expansion ultra-high performance concrete. When the floor slab uses composite slab or permanent formwork as the bottom layer of the structural layer, the composite slab or permanent formwork and the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer together constitute the structural layer, and the thickness of the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is 40-80mm. When the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer has both waterproof and protective functions, its thickness is 15-50mm. In other cases, the thickness of the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is 10-30mm.
4. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer is a composite waterproof layer, the concrete above the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer shall be self-healing concrete.
5. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roof also includes eaves gutters and / or sky gutters, which are formed by extending ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer. They are made of ultra-high performance concrete thin-walled precast components or cast-in-place ultra-high performance concrete, and the joints between the precast component sections are connected into a whole by ultra-high performance concrete wet joint material.
6. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roof also includes a parapet coping, which is made of ultra-high performance concrete thin-walled precast components or cast-in-place ultra-high performance concrete. The joints between the precast components are connected as a whole using ultra-high performance concrete wet joint material.
7. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roof is also equipped with parapet walls and / or inverted beams. The ultra-high performance concrete independent waterproof layer extends upward at the flashing of the parapet wall or inverted beam to form a flashing section. The flashing section turns up along the parapet wall or inverted beam to the bottom of the coping or the height of the turn-up is ≥250mm. The end is sealed with waterproof material, and the inside and outside corners are treated with ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer for rounded transition.
8. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roof is also equipped with a drain outlet, which is formed by the extension of the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer. The drain hopper is made of ultra-high performance concrete thin-walled precast component. The part of it that passes through the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer forms a continuous waterproof layer with the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer through structural design.
9. The roof waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roof also includes equal-height expansion joints, with ultra-high performance concrete precast waterproof cover plates installed on top of the equal-height expansion joints. The joints between the ultra-high performance concrete precast waterproof cover plate sections are connected into a whole using ultra-high performance concrete wet joint material.
10. The roof waterproofing system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The roof also includes pipes extending through the roof. A precast ultra-high performance concrete sleeve is provided around the outer perimeter of the pipes. The precast ultra-high performance concrete sleeve is connected to the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer to form a continuous waterproof structure. A gap is reserved between the precast ultra-high performance concrete sleeve and the pipes extending through the roof and sealed with a sealing material. The top of the precast ultra-high performance concrete sleeve is sealed with a waterproof material between it and the pipes extending through the roof. Connectors or water-stop rings are provided on the outer side of the junction between the precast ultra-high performance concrete sleeve and the structural layer and the ultra-high performance concrete waterproof layer. The precast ultra-high performance concrete sleeve extends at least 250mm above the roof surface.