Vertical turning and milling combined machine tool

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tools, and discloses a turning and milling combined type machine tool which comprises a machine tool body and further comprises a cleaning assembly which comprises a cleaning air bag arranged on one side of a sliding table of the machine tool body. The piston is arranged in the cleaning air bag in a sliding mode and used for dividing the cleaning air bag into an air supply cavity and an air storage cavity, the air supply cavity communicates with the air storage cavity through a pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline; the limiting protruding blocks are arranged at the two ends of a guide rail of the machine tool and used for pressing the air supply cavity. The air inlet end of the exhaust valve communicates with the air storage chamber, and the air outlet end faces the contact surface of the guide rail and the sliding table; the time delay unit is arranged on the sliding table and used for controlling the exhaust valve to be opened after the air supply cavity makes contact with the limiting protruding block and gets away from the limiting protruding block; according to the scheme, the exhaust valve is controlled to be opened through the time delay unit, so that gas stored in the gas outlet cavity is sprayed out through the exhaust valve, a mixture of fine cutting chips and cutting fluid attached to a contact surface is blown away, and the contact surface is cleaned; the cleaning problem of the machine tool guide rail is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This solution belongs to the field of machine tool technology, specifically involving a vertical turning and milling composite machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Vertical milling and turning machine tools are integrated machining equipment that integrate multiple processes such as turning, drilling, and boring in a vertical layout. They control multiple axes through a CNC system, and with the indexing X-axis and the angle-adjusting Y-axis, they can complete the entire process of machining complex rotary parts in one clamping. They have become the core equipment for machining complex parts in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields.

[0003] In milling and turning machines, guide rails are included to guide moving parts such as the worktable and tool post along a preset straight line or indexing trajectory, and to counteract the cutting forces and vibrations generated during machining, preventing machining errors caused by misalignment of moving parts. However, during the machining process of cutting metal workpieces, metal chips are generated and splashed everywhere. The friction generated by the cutting tool on the metal workpiece produces heat, necessitating the spraying of cutting fluid to cool the workpiece. This cutting fluid also splashes everywhere, resulting in metal chips and cutting fluid being generated throughout the machine tool. These chips mainly fall onto the contact surface between the guide rails and the worktable. Frequent contact between the chips and the worktable can reduce the transmission and guiding accuracy of the guide rails, making them prone to malfunction.

[0004] See the existing publication (announcement) document CN117047478A, which discloses a CNC milling and turning composite machine tool for anti-collision protection. The X-axis slide is equipped with a multi-section telescopic protective cover near the tailstock. The multi-section telescopic protective cover covers the X-axis guide rail. The end of the multi-section telescopic protective cover is connected to a first connecting rod. The Y-axis interpolation inclined block is provided with a first limiting guide sleeve. The first connecting rod is provided with a first limiting plate. The end of the multi-section telescopic protective cover is provided with an open movable space. The multi-section telescopic protective cover is composed of multiple covers that slide and fit together sequentially from the outside to the inside. The end of the previous cover is provided with an end limiting edge, and the beginning of the next cover is provided with a beginning limiting edge. The beginning limiting edge of the next cover extends into the previous cover. The end limiting edge is used to limit the beginning limiting edge to the corresponding previous cover.

[0005] For example, in the aforementioned milling and turning machine, the X-axis guide rail is covered and protected by a multi-section telescopic protective cover. Although this can prevent some cutting chips from falling onto the guide rail, considering the machining conditions of the milling and turning machine, there will inevitably be gaps in the fit of the telescopic protective cover. Fine cutting chips and mist-like cutting fluid can easily seep into the inside of the protective cover and eventually fall onto the guide rail contact surface. There will still be chips on the guide rail, and the nesting gaps can easily accumulate a mixture of cutting chips and cutting fluid, which, after drying, forms hard oil stains that are difficult to clean. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a vertical turning and milling composite machine tool to solve the problem of cleaning the machine tool guideways.

[0007] This invention provides a milling-turning composite machine tool, including the machine tool and a cleaning component, the cleaning component comprising: A cleaning airbag is disposed on one side of the slide of the machine tool; A piston is slidably disposed within a cleaning airbag and is used to divide the cleaning airbag into a supply chamber and a storage chamber. The supply chamber and the storage chamber are connected by a pipe, and a one-way valve is provided on the pipe. A limiting protrusion is provided at both ends of the guide rail of the machine tool, and the limiting protrusion is used to press the air supply chamber; An exhaust valve, wherein the air inlet of the exhaust valve is connected to the air storage chamber, and the air outlet of the exhaust valve faces the contact surface between the guide rail and the slide table. A delay unit is provided on the slide table and is used to control the exhaust valve to open after the air supply chamber contacts and moves away from the limiting protrusion.

[0008] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: 1. The slide table drives the cutting tool to move naturally along the guide rail to perform chip cutting on the workpiece. The slide table also moves the cleaning airbag synchronously. When it reaches the limiting protrusions at both ends of the guide rail, the limiting protrusions press the air supply chamber. The pressing force on the air supply chamber pushes the piston to slide inside the cleaning airbag. The compressed gas in the air supply chamber flows unidirectionally into the air storage chamber through a pipe equipped with a one-way valve, allowing the gas to be stored under high pressure in the air storage chamber. When the slide table moves the cleaning airbag away from the limiting protrusions, the delay unit controls the exhaust valve to open, causing the gas stored in the exhaust chamber to be ejected through the exhaust valve. The exhaust valve's outlet faces the contact surface between the guide rail and the slide table, thus blowing away the fine cutting chips and cutting fluid mixture adhering to the contact surface, achieving cleaning of the contact surface and preventing chips from affecting the sliding fit between the slide table and the guide rail. 2. This solution, by setting limiting protrusions at both ends of the guide rail, can prevent the slide table from derailing when the distance it moves exceeds a preset value. 3. This solution utilizes the movement of the slide itself, which moves to both ends of the guide rail to store air in the air chamber of the cleaning airbag, without adding an additional air supply structure. Most importantly, if the slide moves to the end of the guide rail and remains stationary, opening the exhaust valve would only clean one area, failing to clean the contact surface along the length of the guide rail. Therefore, this solution incorporates a delay unit. Only after the air supply chamber contacts and moves away from the limiting protrusion, at which point the slide moves the exhaust valve along the length of the guide rail, opening it and thus cleaning the entire contact surface of the guide rail.

[0009] Furthermore, both the air supply chamber and the air storage chamber are connected to a one-way air inlet valve, and the air supply chamber is also connected to a vent valve; the vent valve is connected to the one-way air inlet valve of the air storage chamber through a vent pipe.

[0010] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: When the air supply chamber is constrained by the protrusion, the gas is vented through the vent valve and transported to the air storage chamber through the vent pipe. When the air supply chamber is compressed, it needs to be reset. A one-way air inlet valve is installed to draw in external gas and store it in the air supply chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of cleaning components is two sets, and they are respectively located on both sides of the slide facing the limiting protrusion; the air supply chambers of the two sets of cleaning components are respectively connected to the air storage chambers of the two sets of cleaning components through vent pipes.

[0012] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: When one side of the slide moves to one end of the guide rail, there is no room for movement on that side of the guide rail, meaning there is no space for cleaning. Since the slide needs to move in the opposite direction, two sets of cleaning components are installed to clean the guide rails on both sides of the slide. When the air supply chamber on one side is compressed, the gas in that chamber is transported through a vent pipe to the uncompressed air storage chamber on the other side. When the slide moves in the opposite direction, a delay unit controls the exhaust valve to open, thereby cleaning the guide rail. Because the exhaust valve is located on one side of the slide, it cleans the contact surface of the guide rail first as the slide moves, before the slide itself contacts the contact surface, achieving a clean-before-contact cleaning of the guide rail contact surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner walls of both the air supply chamber and the air storage chamber are provided with tension springs, and the free end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the piston.

[0014] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: by setting up a tension spring, after the air supply chamber is compressed, it drives the air supply chamber to return to its initial state, thereby increasing the space inside the air supply chamber, generating negative pressure, and drawing external gas into the air supply chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, the delay unit is a solenoid valve, the air inlet of which is connected to the air storage chamber, and the air outlet of which is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust valve, and the air outlet of the exhaust valve is inclined toward the contact surface.

[0016] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: by using a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve can be electrically controlled to open and close, so that the gas in the gas storage chamber opens just as the slide moves in the opposite direction, and closes when the slide is stationary, thereby cleaning the guide rail contact surface.

[0017] Furthermore, the delay unit includes a guide roller and a sealing ball. The guide roller is rotatably mounted on a slide table, and its roller surface rolls in contact with the contact surfaces of the guide rail and the slide table. The roller body of the guide roller has an exhaust hole. The guide roller is coaxially rotatably connected to a rotary joint, and the other end of the rotary joint is connected to an exhaust valve through a pipe. The exhaust hole is connected to the air outlet end of the rotary joint. The sealing ball is located inside the exhaust hole and is connected to a spring. The spring is fixedly connected to the guide roller. The sealing ball is a magnetic sealing ball. The guide rail is used to attract the sealing ball away from the exhaust hole when the sealing ball approaches the guide rail, thereby opening the air jet hole.

[0018] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: Setting up a solenoid valve as a delay unit generally requires additional components such as sensors to detect the movement of the slide, resulting in higher costs. This solution uses the aforementioned mechanical structure to achieve delayed cleaning. Specifically, the guide roller moves with the slide and rolls in contact with the guide rail and the slide surface. Its exhaust port is connected to the exhaust valve pipe via a rotary joint. The magnetic sealing ball normally seals the exhaust port through a spring, preventing gas leakage from the gas storage chamber. When the sealing ball moves with the guide roller closer to the guide rail (usually made of stainless steel), the magnetic attraction of the guide rail to the magnetic sealing ball overcomes the spring force, causing the sealing ball to move away from the exhaust port, automatically opening the exhaust port. The high-pressure gas in the gas storage chamber is then sprayed directly onto the guide rail contact surface through the rotary joint and exhaust port. Furthermore, the rolling movement of the guide roller with the slide ensures that the purging action is completed before the slide contacts the contact surface. As the guide roller continues to rotate, moving the sealing ball away from the guide rail, the elastic restoring force of the spring causes the sealing ball to reset and seal the exhaust port, stopping the air jet and preventing gas waste. This solution uses a purely mechanical structure for delayed cleaning, without any circuit layout or power consumption.

[0019] Furthermore, the exhaust port is an flared exhaust port, and the diameter of the sealing ball is larger than the air inlet end of the exhaust port and smaller than the air outlet end of the exhaust port.

[0020] The principle and effect of this solution is that, through the above settings, the sealing ball can better seal and block the exhaust hole.

[0021] Furthermore, the number of exhaust holes is several, and they are spaced apart along the roller surface of the guide roller. The exhaust holes are located in a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the guide roller, and when the air supply chamber contacts the limiting protrusion, the exhaust holes are away from the guide rail.

[0022] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: By spaced out several exhaust holes along the roller surface, the contact surface can be purged at multiple points, increasing the cleaning range of the airflow. Simultaneously, the exhaust holes are only located in a portion of the guide roller's circumferential area. Furthermore, during the stages when the air supply chamber contacts the limiting protrusion and the slide reaches the guide rail's limit position to compress and store air, the exhaust holes naturally move away from the guide rail. This prevents the sealing ball from being attracted by the guide rail when gas is supplied from the air supply chamber to the air storage chamber, thus avoiding direct leakage of gas from the air storage chamber.

[0023] Furthermore, the length of the guide roller is not less than the width of the contact surface.

[0024] The principle and effect of this solution is that it can cover the entire width of the guide rail contact surface.

[0025] Furthermore, the exhaust holes are spaced out at intervals along the length of the guide roller body.

[0026] The principle and effect of this solution is that it can clean the width of the guide rail contact surface evenly. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the machine tool of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the machine tool and cleaning assembly of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two sets of cleaning airbags; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the machine tool and cleaning assembly of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the machine tool and cleaning assembly of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the scraper and air supply pipe.

[0028] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: machine tool 1, slide table 11, guide rail 12, cleaning assembly 2, cleaning airbag 21, air supply chamber 211, air storage chamber 212, piston 22, tension spring 221, limiting protrusion 23, exhaust valve 24, delay unit 25, guide roller 251, sealing ball 252, exhaust hole 253, spring 254, one-way air inlet valve 26, vent valve 27, and vent pipe 271. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] Example 1: The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 A milling and turning composite machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. The machine tool 1 includes a slide table 11 and a guide rail 12. The machine tool 11 body is all prior art. The slide table 11 is slidably mounted on the guide rail 12 and can reciprocate along the length direction of the guide rail 12. The slide table 11 is used to install tool assemblies to realize multiple processing operations such as turning, drilling, and boring of the workpiece.

[0033] Please see Figures 2-4It also includes two sets of cleaning components 2, each comprising a cleaning airbag 21, a piston 22, a limiting protrusion 23, an exhaust valve 24, and a delay unit 25. The cleaning airbag 21 is made of wear-resistant rubber, possessing good elasticity, and is fixedly installed on one side of the slide table 11, protruding from the side of the slide table 11. The piston 22 is made of hard plastic, with a rubber sealing ring on its outer circumference. It is slidably fitted inside the cleaning airbag 21, forming a tight seal with the inner wall of the cleaning airbag 21. The piston 22 divides the interior of the cleaning airbag 21 into an independent air supply chamber 211 and an air storage chamber 212. The air supply chamber 211 is located near the end of the guide rail 12, and the air storage chamber 212 is located on the side away from the limiting protrusion 23. Both the air supply chamber 211 and the air storage chamber 212 are fixedly fitted with tension springs 221. The elastic coefficient of the tension springs 221 is adapted to the pressure stroke of the air supply chamber 211, and their two ends are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chamber and the end face of the piston 22 respectively through hooks. When the air supply chamber 211 is pressed without the restraining protrusion 23, the elastic restoring force of the tension springs 221 can drive the piston 22 to return to its original position, increasing the internal space of the air supply chamber 211 and generating negative pressure. This, combined with the one-way air intake valve 26, quickly draws in outside air, preparing for the next compression and air supply. Both the air supply chamber 211 and the air storage chamber 212 are connected to diaphragm-type one-way air intake valves 26, which automatically open to draw in outside air when negative pressure is generated in the air supply chamber 211. The air supply chamber 211 is also connected to a one-way vent valve 27, which is sealed to the one-way air intake valve 26 of the air storage chamber 212 through a vent pipe 271. When the air supply chamber 211 is pressurized, gas can be transported to the air storage chamber 212 through the vent valve 27 and the vent pipe 271. The two sets of cleaning components 2 are completely symmetrical in structure and are respectively assembled on both sides of the slide table 11 facing the limiting protrusion 23. The air supply chambers 211 of the two sets of cleaning components 2 are connected to the air storage chambers 212 of the other set through the vent pipes 271, and only gas is allowed to flow unidirectionally from the air supply chamber 211 to the air storage chamber 212. When the slide table 11 moves to either end, the gas generated by the pressurization of the air supply chamber 211 on that side can be transported to the air storage chamber 212 on the other side for storage. When the slide table 11 moves in the opposite direction, the exhaust valve 24 on the other side is opened under the control of the solenoid valve, so that the guide rail 12 can be cleaned during the bidirectional movement of the slide table 11, and the contact surface of the guide rail 12 is cleaned before contact, avoiding wear caused by the slide table 11 crushing impurities.

[0034] Please continue reading. Figures 2-4The limiting protrusion 23 is made of high-strength alloy steel and is fixedly installed at both ends of the guide rail 12 by bolts. The height of the limiting protrusion 23 corresponds to the position of the air supply chamber 211 of the cleaning airbag 21. When the slide 11 moves to the end of the guide rail 12, the limiting protrusion 23 can press against the air supply chamber 211, which not only compresses the air supply chamber 211 to supply air, but also limits the slide 11 to prevent it from derailing. The exhaust valve 24 is a normally closed pneumatic valve. Its air inlet end is sealed to the air storage chamber 212 through a rubber pipe, and its air outlet end faces the contact surface between the guide rail 12 and the slide 11. The air outlet end is set at an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees so that the ejected high-pressure airflow can fit more closely to the contact surface.

[0035] Please continue reading. Figures 2-4 The delay unit 25 uses a waterproof and dustproof solenoid valve (not shown), which is suitable for oily and dusty environments during machine tool processing. It is mounted on the side of the slide table 11 and is linked with the CNC system of the machine tool. The air inlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the air storage chamber 212 through a pipe, and the air outlet is sealed to the air inlet of the exhaust valve 24. The delay time can be adjusted according to the movement state of the slide table 11, so that the exhaust valve 24 opens when the slide table 11 moves in the reverse direction. At this time, the slide table 11 drives the exhaust valve 24 to move along the length of the guide rail 12, so that the airflow can thoroughly clean the entire contact surface.

[0036] In this embodiment, during operation, the slide table 11 moves the cutting tool along the guide rail 12 to process the workpiece, while simultaneously moving the cleaning airbag 21. When the slide table 11 reaches the limiting protrusions 23 at both ends of the guide rail 12, the limiting protrusions 23 press the air supply chamber 211, pushing the piston 22 to slide towards one side of the air storage chamber 212. The gas in the air supply chamber 211 is transported to the air storage chamber 212 on the other side through the vent valve 27 and the vent pipe 271. After the slide table 11 moves the cleaning airbag 21 away from the limiting protrusions 23, the CNC system controls the solenoid valve to open after a delay. The high-pressure gas in the air storage chamber 212 is ejected obliquely through the exhaust valve 24, blowing along the length of the guide rail 12 to clean the contact surface, removing the attached fine cutting chips and cutting fluid mixture. At the same time, the tension spring 221 drives the piston 22 to reset, and the one-way air inlet valve 26 opens to draw in outside air, replenishing the gas for the next cleaning cycle. Continuous cleaning can be achieved without an additional power source.

[0037] Example 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the structure of the delay unit 25. All other unmentioned structures, connections, and materials are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0038] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6In this embodiment, the delay unit 25 includes a guide roller 251 and a sealing ball 252. The guide roller 251 is made of non-metallic material and is wrapped with a wear-resistant rubber layer on its outer periphery. It is rotatably mounted on the support at the bottom of the slide table 11 via a deep groove ball bearing. The roller surface of the guide roller 251 is in close rolling contact with the contact surfaces of the guide rail 12 and the slide table 11, so that it rotates synchronously with the slide table 11. One end of the guide roller 251 is coaxially equipped with a sealed rotary joint (not shown), which allows the guide roller 251 to rotate freely and can also deliver gas into the guide roller 251. The other end of the rotary joint is sealed and connected to the exhaust valve 24 through a rubber pipe. Several exhaust holes 253 are opened on the roller body of the guide roller 251. The exhaust holes 253 have a flared structure. The diameter of the inlet end is smaller than the diameter of the sealing ball 252, and the diameter of the outlet end is larger than the diameter of the sealing ball 252, so that the sealing ball 252 can block the inlet end and will not get stuck at the outlet end. The sealing ball 252 is made of neodymium iron boron magnetic material with strong adsorption force. A non-magnetic compression spring 254 is connected to one side of the ball, and the other end of the spring 254 is welded and fixed inside the guide roller 251. Under normal conditions, the elasticity of the spring 254 causes the sealing ball 252 to tightly adhere to the air inlet end of the exhaust hole 253, achieving a seal and preventing gas leakage. It should be noted that the number of exhaust holes 253 is reasonably set according to the size of the guide roller 251, distributed circumferentially along the roller surface of the guide roller 251, and only located in a portion of the circumferential 180-degree area. Furthermore, when the air supply chamber 211 contacts the limiting protrusion 23, the exhaust holes 253 are exactly away from the guide rail 12, preventing accidental gas leakage during the gas storage stage due to the magnetic attraction of the sealing ball 252. Along the length of the guide roller 251, 3-5 exhaust holes 253 are spaced apart to ensure that the airflow evenly covers the width of the contact surface. Simultaneously, the length of the guide roller 251 is 5-10 mm greater than the width of the contact surface between the guide rail 12 and the slide table 11, thus cleaning the width of the contact surface. It should be noted that the guide rail 22 in this embodiment is a ferromagnetic stainless steel guide rail 22 capable of adsorbing the sealing ball 252.

[0039] In this embodiment, during operation, the slide table 11 drives the cutting tool to move along the guide rail 12 to process the workpiece, and simultaneously drives the guide roller 251 to roll. When the slide table 11 moves to the end of the guide rail 12, the limiting protrusion 23 presses the air supply chamber 211, and the gas is transported to the air storage chamber 212 for storage through the one-way valve and the vent pipe 271. At this time, the exhaust port 253 is away from the guide rail 12, and the sealing ball 252 remains in a blocked state under the action of the spring 254. When the slide table 11 moves in the opposite direction, the guide roller 251 rolls with the slide table 11, causing the exhaust port 253 to gradually approach the guide rail 12. The magnetic attraction force generated by the guide rail 12 on the sealing ball 252 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 254, causing the sealing ball 252 to move away from the air inlet end of the exhaust port 253, the exhaust port 253 opens, and the high-pressure gas in the air storage chamber 212 is ejected through the rotary joint and the exhaust port 253 to purge the contact surface between the guide rail 12 and the slide table 11. Since the guide roller 251 moves synchronously with the slide table 11, the blowing action is completed before the slide table 11 contacts the contact surface, achieving cleaning before contact and preventing impurities from being crushed and worn on the guide rail 12. When the sealing ball 252 rolls away from the guide rail 12 with the guide roller 251, the elastic restoring force of the spring 254 drives the sealing ball 252 to reset and block the exhaust hole 253, stopping the air jet and preventing gas waste.

[0040] Example 3: The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiments is that, in Embodiments 1 and 2, only the guide rail 12 is cleaned using air jets, and some larger impurities on the contact surface cannot be blown away. Furthermore, in Embodiment 2, if the guide roller 251 moves with the slide table 11 and the slide table 11 stops, and the sealing ball 252 is in contact with the guide rail 12 at that moment, all the gas in the air storage chamber 212 will leak out, resulting in waste. Most importantly, in the aforementioned embodiments, the slide table 11 must move to the limit position of the guide rail 12 to supply air to the air storage chamber 212. However, when processing a workpiece, the slide table 11 may not necessarily move to the limit position of the guide rail 12, thus the air storage chamber 212 may remain in a state of insufficient air intake, preventing the guide rail 12 from being cleaned. This embodiment further improves upon Embodiment 2 to solve the above problems.

[0041] Please see Figures 7-9In this embodiment, the guide roller 251 does not have a vent hole 253 or other structures; the guide roller 251 is simply a roller body structure. A drive rod 28 is coaxially fixedly connected to the guide roller 251. A connecting rod 29 is hinged to the free end of the drive rod 28, and a scraper 210 is hinged to the connecting rod 29. The scraper 210 is slidably connected to the guide rail 12. Grooves (not shown) are provided on both sides of the scraper 210, which engage with both sides of the guide rail 12, allowing the contact surfaces of the scraper 210 and the guide rail 12 to slide horizontally. The horizontal axis of the scraper 210 is located below the rotation center of the guide roller 251, with the two offset from each other. It should be noted that the lengths of the drive rod 28 and the connecting rod 29 can be adjusted adaptively by those skilled in the art, so that the rotation of the guide roller 251 drives the drive rod 28 to rotate, causing the connecting rod 29 to swing, thereby driving the scraper 210 to move horizontally back and forth, thus cleaning the contact surface of the guide rail 12. Due to the above-mentioned arrangement of the guide roller 251, drive rod 28, and scraper 210, the scraper 210 has an offset crank-slider structure, meaning that the forward movement speed of the scraper 210 is relatively slow compared to its backward movement speed, and the reciprocating time is different. Furthermore, the scraper 210 has a nozzle 211 facing the contact surface, with the air outlet of the nozzle 211 facing the contact surface of the guide rail 12. The scraper 210 is connected to an air supply pipe 212, the end of which communicates with the air storage chamber 212. The air supply pipe 212 is provided with a wedge-shaped opening 213. The wedge-shaped opening 213 is provided with a blocking ball 214 for sealing the air inlet end of the wedge-shaped opening 213. The blocking ball 214 is connected to a compression spring 215. The free end of the compression spring 215 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air supply pipe 212. Under normal conditions, the blocking ball 214 drives the blocking ball 214 to seal the air inlet end of the wedge-shaped opening 213. The blocking ball 214 can move away from the wedge-shaped opening 213 when the centrifugal force is large, thereby opening the wedge-shaped opening 213 and supplying air to the nozzle 211. As for the elastic coefficient of the compression spring 215 and the magnitude of the centrifugal force, those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments so that the blocking ball 214 seals the wedge-shaped opening 213 under normal conditions and opens the wedge-shaped opening 213 when the blocking ball 214 is subjected to a large centrifugal force.

[0042] During operation, the guide roller 251 rotates with the slide table 11, thereby driving the scraper 210 to reciprocate, thus scraping away the mixture of chips and cutting fluid on the contact surface of the guide rail 12, achieving cleaning of the contact surface of the guide rail 12 when there is no gas in the air storage chamber 212. When there is gas in the air storage chamber 212, the gas flows through the air supply pipe 212, but is sealed by the blocking ball 214, and the gas will not leak out. Due to the different reciprocating speeds of the scraper 210, different centrifugal forces are generated, and the scraper 210 returns to its original position at a faster speed, generating a centrifugal force sufficient to pull the compression spring 215 and the blocking ball 214, thereby causing the blocking ball 214 to move away from the wedge-shaped opening 213, opening the wedge-shaped opening 213, supplying air to the nozzle 211 for air jet cleaning of the contact surface. Simultaneously, when the scraper 210 extends, it first scrapes away the mixture of chips and cutting fluid on the contact surface. During resetting, it repeatedly contacts the scraped contact surface, achieving better cleaning by first scraping away larger chips and then cleaning the scraped contact surface again with air jets. Secondly, since the slide 11 drives the scraper 210 to reciprocate, but the slide 11 is also moving, if the reciprocating speed of the scraper 210 is the same, the slide 11 will move onto the uncleaned contact surface. However, because the scraper 210 resets quickly, it can quickly move onto the uncleaned contact surface, thus avoiding unclean areas on the contact surface of the guide rail 12 due to the slide 11 moving before the scraper 210 has reset.

[0043] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0044] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical turning-milling composite machine tool, comprising a machine tool (1), characterized in that, It also includes a cleaning component (2), which comprises: Cleaning airbag (21), the cleaning airbag (21) is disposed on one side of the slide (11) of the machine tool (1); Piston (22), which is slidably disposed in the cleaning airbag (21) and is used to divide the cleaning airbag (21) into an air supply chamber (211) and an air storage chamber (212). The air supply chamber (211) and the air storage chamber (212) are connected by a pipe and a one-way valve is provided on the pipe. Limiting protrusion (23) is provided at both ends of the guide rail (12) of the machine tool (1). The limiting protrusion (23) is used to press the air supply chamber (211). An exhaust valve (24) is provided, with its inlet end connected to the gas storage chamber (212) and its outlet end facing the contact surface between the guide rail (12) and the slide (11). The delay unit (25) is located on the slide table (11) and is used to control the exhaust valve (24) to open after the air supply chamber (211) contacts and moves away from the limiting protrusion (23).

2. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the air supply chamber (211) and the air storage chamber (212) are connected to a one-way air inlet valve (26), and the air supply chamber (211) is also connected to a vent valve (27); the vent valve (27) is connected to the one-way air inlet valve (26) of the air storage chamber (212) through a vent pipe (271).

3. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of cleaning components (2) is two sets, and they are respectively located on both sides of the slide (11) facing the limiting protrusion (23); the air supply chamber (211) of the two sets of cleaning components (2) are respectively connected to the air storage chamber (212) of the two sets of cleaning components (2) through the vent pipe (271).

4. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner walls of the air supply chamber (211) and the air storage chamber (212) are provided with tension springs (221), and the free end of the tension springs (221) is fixedly connected to the piston (22).

5. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The delay unit (25) is a solenoid valve. The air inlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the air storage chamber (212), and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust valve (24). The air outlet of the exhaust valve (24) is inclined toward the contact surface.

6. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The delay unit (25) includes a guide roller (251) and a sealing ball (252). The guide roller (251) is rotatably mounted on the slide table (11), and the roller surface of the guide roller (251) rolls in contact with the contact surfaces of the guide rail (12) and the slide table (11). The roller body of the guide roller (251) is provided with an exhaust hole (253). The guide roller (251) is coaxially rotatably connected to a rotary joint. The other end of the rotary joint is connected to an exhaust valve (24) through a pipe. The exhaust hole (253) 253) is connected to the air outlet of the rotary joint; the sealing ball (252) is located inside the exhaust hole (253), and the sealing ball (252) is connected to a spring (254). The spring (254) is fixedly connected to the guide roller (251). The sealing ball (252) is a magnetic sealing ball (252). The guide rail (12) is used to attract the sealing ball (252) away from the exhaust hole (253) when the sealing ball (252) is close to the guide rail (12), so that the air jet hole (253) opens.

7. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust hole (253) is an flared exhaust hole (253), and the diameter of the sealing ball (252) is larger than the air inlet end of the exhaust hole (253) and smaller than the air outlet end of the exhaust hole (253).

8. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of exhaust holes (253) is several, and they are spaced apart along the roller surface of the guide roller (251). The exhaust holes (253) are located in a part of the circumferential area of ​​the guide roller (251), and when the air supply chamber (211) contacts the limiting protrusion (23), the exhaust holes (253) are away from the guide rail (12).

9. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The length of the guide roller (251) is not less than the width of the contact surface.

10. The vertical turning and milling compound machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The exhaust holes (253) are provided at intervals along the length of the guide roller (251).

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