Agricultural fertilizer stirring device with uniform stirring function

Abstract

The utility model discloses an agricultural fertilizer stirring device capable of uniformly stirring, which comprises a tank body, and a stirring component, a scraping component and a dispersing component which are coaxially matched are assembled in the tank body. The stirring assembly is composed of a stirring shaft and a stirring paddle, and the stirring shaft is vertically installed in the tank body. The scraping assembly comprises an inner sleeve and a scraping plate, and the scraping plate is tightly attached to the inner wall of the tank body and arranged on the periphery of the stirring paddle. The material dispersing assembly comprises an outer sleeve and a material dispersing paddle, and the material dispersing paddle is arranged on the top of the stirring paddle and the scraping plate. In addition, a driving assembly is assembled at the top of the tank body and is in power connection with the stirring assembly and the scraping assembly. The stirring device realizes excellent stirring uniformity and high stirring efficiency, is easy to maintain, and has important significance on agricultural fertilizer production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer production and stirring equipment, in particular to a stirring device for uniformly stirring agricultural fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural fertilizers are crucial materials in agricultural production, including nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, compound fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers. Their production involves a variety of raw materials, which must be thoroughly mixed before being added to the mixing equipment to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the final fertilizer. However, existing agricultural fertilizer mixing devices often suffer from issues such as uneven mixing, low mixing efficiency, and complex and difficult-to-maintain equipment.

[0003] Take nitrogen fertilizer production as an example. Its main raw materials include ammonia, nitric acid, and urea. These raw materials need to be thoroughly mixed in a stirring device before they can be used in fertilizer production. However, traditional stirring devices often fail to achieve this, resulting in uneven mixing of the raw materials, which in turn affects the effectiveness of the fertilizer.

[0004] Furthermore, existing agricultural fertilizer mixing devices typically use simple stirring rods or paddles for mixing. These devices often have low mixing efficiency and are prone to creating dead spots during the mixing process, resulting in some raw materials not being fully mixed. This not only affects fertilizer production efficiency but can also lead to unstable fertilizer quality.

[0005] Furthermore, existing agricultural fertilizer mixing devices are often complex, involving the assembly and disassembly of multiple components, which makes maintenance and cleaning difficult. For example, cleaning the mixing device requires disassembling each component one by one, which is both time-consuming and labor-intensive, often requiring specialized technicians, and increasing maintenance costs. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an agricultural fertilizer stirring device with uniform stirring, which achieves the advantages of good stirring uniformity, high stirring efficiency and convenient maintenance, and has great practical value for agricultural fertilizer production.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is: a uniformly stirring agricultural fertilizer stirring device, including a tank body and a stirring component, a scraping component, and a bulk material component assembled in the tank body, wherein the stirring component, the scraping component, and the bulk material component are coaxially matched.

[0008] The stirring assembly includes a stirring shaft and a stirring paddle fixed to the stirring shaft, the stirring shaft is rotatably mounted at the solid axis and arranged in the vertical direction; the scraper assembly includes an inner sleeve rotatably mounted on the periphery of the stirring shaft and a scraper plate fixed to the inner sleeve, the scraper plate is kept in contact with the inner side wall and bottom wall of the tank body and is arranged around the stirring paddle; the bulk material assembly includes an outer sleeve rotatably mounted on the periphery of the inner sleeve and a bulk paddle fixed to the outer sleeve, the bulk paddle is arranged on top of the stirring paddle and scraper plate.

[0009] It also includes a driving assembly assembled on the top of the tank body, and the driving assembly is in power connection with the stirring assembly, the scraping assembly, and the bulk material assembly.

[0010] In some of the implementations, in order to ensure the effective erection and installation of the tank body, and to facilitate the stable installation of the stirring assembly, scraping assembly, and bulk material assembly inside the tank body, and to facilitate the cleaning and maintenance of the tank body and its components, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0011] The tank body includes an upper tank body and a lower tank body fixedly assembled from top to bottom. The upper tank body and the lower tank body are fixedly assembled in a detachable manner. The bottom of the lower tank body is evenly fixed with multiple groups of legs, and the stirring shaft is rotationally connected to the axis of the upper tank body and the lower tank body.

[0012] In some implementations, in order to ensure that the raw materials required for the production of agricultural fertilizers are stably fed into the tank and that the stirred agricultural fertilizers are effectively discharged from the bottom of the tank, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0013] The top of the upper tank body is equipped with multiple groups of feeding ports distributed in a circular array, and the feeding ports are arranged on the inner side of the bulk paddle stirring area; a sink is provided at the center of the bottom of the lower tank body, and the bottom of the sink is equipped with a discharge port.

[0014] In some implementations, during the stirring process, the raw materials are prevented from settling in the trough to affect the stirring uniformity. The following technical solutions are provided for this purpose.

[0015] The stirring paddle includes an upper stirring paddle and a lower stirring paddle. The lower stirring paddle is arranged in the trough, and the upper stirring paddle is arranged above the lower stirring paddle.

[0016] In some of the implementations, in order to ensure that the drive assembly can be stably installed on the top of the tank body and drive the stirring assembly, scraping assembly, and bulk assembly to operate stably, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0017] The top ends of the stirring shaft, inner sleeve and outer sleeve are all arranged on the outside of the top of the upper tank body. The driving assembly includes a driving motor, a mounting shaft, a No. 1 driving bevel gear, a No. 2 driving bevel gear and a No. 3 driving bevel gear. The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the upper tank body, and the mounting shaft is rotatably mounted on the top of the upper tank body and maintains a power connection with the driving motor. The No. 1 driving bevel gear, the No. 2 driving bevel gear and the No. 3 driving bevel gear are fixedly mounted on the mounting shaft.

[0018] The drive assembly also includes a No. 1 transmission bevel gear, a No. 2 transmission bevel gear, and a No. 3 transmission bevel gear respectively fixed to the top of the stirring shaft, the inner sleeve, and the outer sleeve. The No. 1 transmission bevel gear is meshed with the No. 1 drive bevel gear, the No. 2 transmission bevel gear is meshed with the No. 2 drive bevel gear, and the No. 3 transmission bevel gear is meshed with the No. 3 drive bevel gear.

[0019] In some implementations, in order to ensure that the scraper plate can be stably installed on the inner sleeve and that the inner sleeve drives the scraper plate to operate stably, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0020] A connecting bracket is fixedly connected to the top of the scraper plate, and the connecting bracket is fixedly connected to the inner sleeve.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0022] 1. Excellent mixing uniformity: This agricultural fertilizer mixing device utilizes a coaxial combination of a mixing assembly, a scraper assembly, and a bulk material assembly. This design allows various agricultural fertilizer raw materials to be thoroughly mixed within the tank, improving mixing uniformity. The scraper plate ensures that material on the inner wall of the tank is effectively scraped off and transported to the center of the tank for mixing, further enhancing mixing uniformity.

[0023] 2. High mixing efficiency: Through optimized structural design, the mixing component, scraping component, bulk material component and driving component are arranged in linkage, which can effectively operate synchronously or in reverse, realizing the coordinated operation of the mixing component, scraping component and bulk material component, thereby improving the mixing efficiency.

[0024] 3. Convenient Maintenance: The removable upper and lower tanks facilitate cleaning, maintenance, and component replacement, reducing maintenance costs. The rationally designed drive assembly ensures stable operation of the mixing, scraping, and bulking components, increasing equipment stability, reducing equipment failure rates, and further facilitating maintenance.

[0025] In summary, the agricultural fertilizer mixing device achieves the advantages of good mixing uniformity, high mixing efficiency and convenient maintenance through optimized structural design and innovative driving mode, and has great practical value for agricultural fertilizer production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tank;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supporting combination of the stirring component, scraping component, bulk material component, and driving component;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the driving assembly, stirring shaft, inner sleeve, and outer sleeve.

[0030] In the figure: 11 upper tank body, 111 feeding port, 112 rotating bracket, 113 mounting bracket, 12 lower tank body, 121 feeding port, 122 sink, 13 support leg, 21 stirring shaft, 221 upper stirring paddle, 222 lower stirring paddle, 31 inner sleeve, 32 scraper, 33 connecting bracket, 41 outer sleeve, 42 bulk paddle, 51 driving motor, 52 mounting shaft, 53 first driving bevel gear, 54 second driving bevel gear, 55 third driving bevel gear, 56 first transmission bevel gear, 57 second transmission bevel gear, 58 third transmission bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] See also Figure 1-4 A uniformly stirring agricultural fertilizer stirring device comprises a tank body and a stirring component, a scraping component and a bulk material component assembled in the tank body, and the stirring component, the scraping component and the bulk material component are coaxially matched.

[0033] The stirring assembly includes a stirring shaft 21 and a stirring paddle fixed to the stirring shaft 21. The stirring shaft 21 is rotatably installed at the solid axis and arranged in the vertical direction; the scraper assembly includes an inner sleeve 31 rotatably installed on the outer periphery of the stirring shaft 21 and a scraper plate 32 fixed to the inner sleeve 31. The scraper plate 32 is kept in contact with the inner side wall and bottom wall of the tank body and is arranged around the stirring paddle; the bulk material assembly includes an outer sleeve 41 rotatably installed on the outer periphery of the inner sleeve 31 and a bulk material paddle 42 fixed to the outer sleeve 41. The bulk material paddle 42 is arranged on top of the stirring paddle and scraper plate 32.

[0034] The utility model also includes a driving assembly assembled on the top of the tank body, and the driving assembly is in power connection with the stirring assembly, the scraping assembly and the bulk material assembly.

[0035] The setting of the tank body can ensure that the stirring component, scraping component and bulk material component are stably assembled therein, and the driving component drives the stirring component, scraping component and bulk material component to work effectively, and can fully mix the various agricultural fertilizer raw materials added to the tank body.

[0036] The production of agricultural fertilizers involves different raw materials, depending on the type of fertilizer to be produced.

[0037] Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most commonly used fertilizers in agriculture, used to promote plant growth. Its main raw materials include ammonia, nitric acid, and urea. Ammonia primarily provides nitrogen, while nitric acid and urea are both sources of nitrogen that can be directly absorbed by plants.

[0038] Phosphate fertilizer is another important fertilizer that plays a vital role in plant growth and flowering. Its main raw materials include phosphoric acid and phosphate salts. These raw materials provide phosphorus, an important element necessary for plant growth.

[0039] Potash fertilizers also play a crucial role in plant health and resilience. Key ingredients include potassium chloride and potassium sulfate. These provide plants with potassium, which aids in metabolism and protein synthesis.

[0040] Compound fertilizers are made by mixing all or some of the ingredients mentioned above. They contain multiple nutrients and are a mixture of various fertilizers. The main ingredients may include ammonia, phosphates, potassium sulfate, urea, etc. These fertilizers provide a variety of nutrients necessary for plant growth.

[0041] There is also organic fertilizer, which is mainly made from animal and plant residues. These raw materials are organic matter and can provide various nutrients needed by plants. The main raw materials include animal and plant feces, kitchen waste, green plants, etc.

[0042] There is also microbial fertilizer, which uses specific beneficial microorganisms to improve soil fertility through their biological activity. The main raw materials include specific microbial strains and nutrients.

[0043] When producing the above-mentioned various agricultural fertilizers, the stirring device provided by the present application is used to fully mix the corresponding various raw materials. The raw materials involved can be evenly input into the inner cavity of the tank from the top of the tank body, and a certain amount of clean water is evenly added at the same time. They descend under the action of gravity, first passing through the bulk material assembly, and the outer sleeve 41 in the bulk material assembly drives the bulk paddle 42 to operate at high speed to perform preliminary breaking up and mixing operations on the falling raw materials. The preliminarily mixed raw materials further fall to the bottom of the tank body, and are fully mixed by the running stirring shaft 21 and stirring paddle. In this process, in order to reduce the dead angle existing in the stirring process of the stirring paddle, which makes it difficult to mix the materials at the edge of the tank body evenly, at this time, the running inner sleeve 31 and scraper plate 32 can scrape them off and transport them to the center of the tank body, and then the stirring paddle can stir them evenly.

[0044] The bulking paddles 42 include multiple groups (five groups) fixed to the outer sleeve 41 in a circular array and arranged on the same horizontal plane. The bulking paddles 42 are fixed to the outer sleeve 41 at a certain inclination angle, and the bulking paddles 42 are also designed with a certain twist and curvature, which can fully break up the falling raw materials.

[0045] The outer side and lower side of the scraper plate 32 are in contact with the inner wall and bottom wall of the tank body, and can scrape off the raw materials attached to the tank body cavity. During the continuous operation, the scraped materials are continuously introduced into the center position of the tank body.

[0046] The cross section of the stirring paddle is T-shaped, the stirring paddles are distributed in a ring array, and are fixed to the stirring shaft 21 at a certain inclination angle (30° to 60°), which can improve the stirring efficiency and improve the stirring uniformity.

[0047] In order to ensure the effective erection and installation of the tank body, and to facilitate the stable installation of the stirring assembly, scraping assembly and bulk material assembly inside the tank body, and to facilitate the cleaning and maintenance of the tank body and its components, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0048] The tank body includes an upper tank body 11 and a lower tank body 12 fixedly assembled from top to bottom. The upper tank body 11 and the lower tank body 12 are fixedly assembled in a detachable manner. Multiple groups of legs 13 are evenly fixed to the bottom of the lower tank body 12, and the stirring shaft 21 maintains a rotational connection with the axis of the upper tank body 11 and the lower tank body 12.

[0049] The upper tank body 11 and the lower tank body 12 can be fixed together by bolt assemblies to form a complete tank structure, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly to clean, maintain, and replace the tank cavity and the stirring assembly, scraping assembly, and bulk material assembly.

[0050] The provision of the support legs 13 can not only stably erect and smoothly install the tank body, but also lift the tank body off the ground, making it convenient to discharge the mixed agricultural fertilizer from the bottom of the tank body.

[0051] In order to ensure that the raw materials required for the production of agricultural fertilizers are stably fed into the tank and that the stirred agricultural fertilizers are effectively discharged from the bottom of the tank, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0052] The top of the upper tank body 11 is equipped with multiple groups of feeding ports distributed in a circular array, and the feeding ports are arranged on the inner side of the stirring area of ​​the bulk paddle 42; a sink 122 is provided at the center of the bottom of the lower tank body 12, and a discharge port is equipped at the bottom of the sink 122.

[0053] The setting of multiple groups of feeding ports can evenly input various agricultural fertilizer raw materials into the tank body from each feeding port, and the injected clean water can also be injected from the feeding port. The feeding port is arranged on the inner side of the stirring area of ​​the bulk paddle 42 to ensure that the raw materials falling from the feeding port can be effectively stirred by the bulk paddle 42, and the preliminary dispersion and mixing of the falling materials can be achieved.

[0054] After the agricultural fertilizer raw materials are stirred by the stirring device, the setting of the sedimentation tank 122 can ensure that the agricultural fertilizer at the bottom of the tank body is deposited there and then discharged through the feeding port.

[0055] It should also be noted that a switch valve is installed on the discharge port, which is closed during the operation of the stirring device to prevent internal raw materials from leaking from the discharge port.

[0056] A pressure relief valve (not shown in the drawings) may also be installed on the top of the upper tank body 11 to avoid potential safety hazards caused by increased air pressure inside the tank body during the stirring process.

[0057] During the stirring process, the following technical solutions are provided to prevent the raw materials from settling in the trough 122 and affecting the uniformity of stirring.

[0058] The stirring paddles include an upper stirring paddle 221 and a lower stirring paddle. The lower stirring paddle is arranged in the trough 122, and the upper stirring paddle 221 is arranged above the lower stirring paddle.

[0059] The upper stirring paddle 221 can effectively stir and fully mix the raw materials in the tank, while the lower stirring paddle is mainly used for the raw materials in the sedimentation tank 122, so as to fully stir and mix the agricultural fertilizer raw materials in the sedimentation tank 122, thereby further improving its stirring uniformity.

[0060] In order to ensure that the drive assembly can be stably installed on the top of the tank body and drive the stirring assembly, scraping assembly and bulk material assembly to operate stably, the following technical solutions are provided.

[0061] The top ends of the stirring shaft 21, the inner sleeve 31 and the outer sleeve 41 are all arranged on the outside of the top of the upper tank body 11. The driving assembly includes a driving motor 51, a mounting shaft 52, a No. 1 driving bevel gear, a No. 2 driving bevel gear and a No. 3 driving bevel gear. The driving motor 51 is fixedly mounted on the top of the upper tank body 11, and the mounting shaft 52 is rotatably mounted on the top of the upper tank body 11 and maintains a power connection with the driving motor 51. The No. 1 driving bevel gear, the No. 2 driving bevel gear and the No. 3 driving bevel gear are fixedly mounted on the mounting shaft 52.

[0062] The drive assembly also includes a No. 1 transmission bevel gear, a No. 2 transmission bevel gear, and a No. 3 transmission bevel gear, which are respectively fixed to the top of the stirring shaft 21, the inner sleeve 31, and the outer sleeve 41. The No. 1 transmission bevel gear is meshed with the No. 1 drive bevel gear, the No. 2 transmission bevel gear is meshed with the No. 2 drive bevel gear, and the No. 3 transmission bevel gear is meshed with the No. 3 drive bevel gear.

[0063] When the driving rod motor drives the mounting shaft 52 and the No. 1 drive bevel gear, No. 2 drive bevel gear and No. 3 drive bevel gear installed thereon to operate, it can respectively drive the No. 1 drive bevel gear, No. 2 drive bevel gear and No. 3 drive bevel gear to operate stably; and then drive the stirring assembly, scraping assembly and bulk material assembly to operate stably.

[0064] It should also be noted that the bulking assembly and the mixing assembly rotate in the same direction, while the bulking assembly, the mixing assembly, and the scraping assembly rotate in opposite directions. Therefore, the arrangement of the No. 1 and No. 3 drive bevel gears remains in the same direction, and the arrangement of the No. 1, No. 3, and No. 2 drive bevel gears remains relative. This design can drive the No. 1 and No. 3 drive bevel gears, as well as the connected mixing assembly and bulking assembly, to rotate in the same direction, while driving the No. 2 drive bevel gear and the connected scraping assembly to rotate in the opposite direction.

[0065] In addition, in order to ensure that the installation shaft 52 and the driving motor 51 are stably installed on the upper tank body 11, a rotating bracket 112 and an installation bracket 113 are fixed on the upper tank body 11. The installation shaft 52 is rotatably installed on the rotating bracket 112, and the driving motor 51 is fixedly installed on the installation bracket 113.

[0066] In order to ensure that the scraper plate 32 can be stably installed on the inner sleeve 31 and that the inner sleeve 31 drives the scraper plate 32 to operate stably, the following technical solution is provided.

[0067] A connecting bracket 33 is fixedly connected to the top of the scraper plate 32 , and the connecting bracket 33 is fixedly connected to the inner sleeve 31 .

[0068] The setting of the connecting bracket 33 can ensure that the scraper plate 32 is stably installed on the inner sleeve 31, and the inner sleeve 31 drives the connecting bracket 33 and the scraper plate 32 to operate stably, so that the scraper plate 32 can effectively scrape off the raw materials attached to the inner cavity of the tank.

[0069] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be encompassed within the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0070] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A device for stirring agricultural fertilizers evenly. Features: The invention comprises a tank body and a stirring assembly, a scraping assembly and a bulk material assembly assembled in the tank body, wherein the stirring assembly, the scraping assembly and the bulk material assembly are coaxially matched and assembled; the stirring assembly comprises a stirring shaft (21) and a stirring paddle fixedly connected to the stirring shaft (21); the stirring shaft (21) is rotatably mounted at the center of a solid axis and arranged in a vertical direction; the scraping assembly comprises an inner sleeve (31) rotatably mounted on the outer periphery of the stirring shaft (21) and a scraping plate (32) fixedly connected to the inner sleeve (31). ), the scraper plate (32) is kept in contact with the inner side wall and the bottom wall of the tank body and is arranged on the periphery of the stirring paddle; the bulk material assembly comprises an outer sleeve (41) rotatably mounted on the periphery of the inner sleeve (31) and a bulk material paddle (42) fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (41), the bulk material paddle (42) being arranged on the top of the stirring paddle and the scraper plate (32); and also comprises a driving assembly mounted on the top of the tank body, the driving assembly being in power connection with the stirring assembly, the scraper assembly and the bulk material assembly.

2. A uniformly stirring agricultural fertilizer stirring device according to claim 1, Features: The tank body comprises an upper tank body (11) and a lower tank body (12) which are fixedly assembled from top to bottom. The upper tank body (11) and the lower tank body (12) are fixedly assembled in a detachable manner. A plurality of groups of legs (13) are evenly fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower tank body (12). The stirring shaft (21) is rotationally connected to the axis of the upper tank body (11) and the lower tank body (12).

3. A uniformly stirring agricultural fertilizer stirring device according to claim 2, Features: The top of the upper tank body (11) is equipped with a plurality of groups of feeding ports distributed in a circular array, and the feeding ports are arranged on the inner side of the stirring area of ​​the bulk material paddle (42); a trough (122) is provided at the center of the bottom of the lower tank body (12), and a discharge port is equipped at the bottom of the trough (122).

4. A uniformly stirring agricultural fertilizer stirring device according to claim 3, Features: The stirring paddle comprises an upper stirring paddle (221) and a lower stirring paddle, the lower stirring paddle is arranged in the trough (122), and the upper stirring paddle (221) is arranged above the lower stirring paddle.

5. The agricultural fertilizer stirring device for uniform stirring according to claim 2, Features: The top ends of the stirring shaft (21), the inner sleeve (31) and the outer sleeve (41) are arranged on the outside of the top of the upper tank body (11); the driving assembly comprises a driving motor (51), a mounting shaft (52), a first driving bevel gear, a second driving bevel gear and a third driving bevel gear; the driving motor (51) is fixedly mounted on the top of the upper tank body (11); the mounting shaft (52) is rotatably mounted on the top of the upper tank body (11) and maintains a power connection with the driving motor (51); the first driving bevel gear, the second driving bevel gear and the third driving bevel gear are fixedly mounted on the mounting shaft (52); the driving assembly also comprises a first transmission bevel gear, a second transmission bevel gear and a third transmission bevel gear respectively fixed to the top ends of the stirring shaft (21), the inner sleeve (31) and the outer sleeve (41); the first transmission bevel gear is meshed with the first driving bevel gear, the second transmission bevel gear is meshed with the second driving bevel gear, and the third transmission bevel gear is meshed with the third driving bevel gear.

6. The agricultural fertilizer stirring device for uniform stirring according to claim 1, Features: A connecting bracket (33) is fixedly connected to the top of the scraper plate (32), and the connecting bracket (33) is fixedly connected to the inner sleeve (31).

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