Water vapor condensation test unit for transcritical homogeneous water vapor test equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides a water vapor condensation test unit for transcritical homogeneous water vapor test equipment, and solves the technical problem that a three-dimensional flow field numerical simulation method is adopted to collect and analyze wet vapor condensation characteristics, and effective dehumidification optimization cannot be carried out on blades. The steam condensation test unit comprises a mass flowmeter, a spray pipe and a steam tank which are connected in sequence, the spray pipe is connected with a temperature measurement module, a pressure measurement module, a density measurement module and a humidity measurement module, and an inlet is connected with constant-pressure steam supply equipment. The inlet pressure, the inlet temperature and the flow speed of the water vapor entering the spray pipe are sequentially changed, when any parameter is changed, other parameters are controlled to be unchanged, humidity measurement data of 5-8 point positions are sequentially and fixedly measured and recorded, and the water vapor flow, the condensation pressure, the liquid drop size and the liquid drop position when the condensation efficiency is highest are obtained. Through collection and analysis of the water vapor condensation phenomenon characteristics, the condensation mechanism is defined, the blade structure and inlet parameters of the steam turbine are optimized in a targeted mode, and the dehumidification efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of steam turbine blade design, in particular to a water vapor condensation test unit used for transcritical homogeneous water vapor test equipment. Background Art

[0002] A steam turbine is a rotary steam power device. High-temperature and high-pressure steam passes through a fixed nozzle and becomes an accelerated airflow, which is then sprayed onto the blades, causing the rotor with the blade rows to rotate and perform work externally. Steam turbines are the main equipment in modern thermal power plants. When high-power condensing steam turbines are in operation, wet steam is often formed due to non-equilibrium condensation. The problem of wet steam caused by non-equilibrium condensation has always been a bottleneck and obstacle to the long-term safe and efficient operation of steam turbines. Studies have shown that the work capacity of wet steam in high-power condensing steam turbines accounts for more than 20%. At present, the exhaust humidity of high-power condensing steam turbines is about 10%. According to the commonly used Boltzmann entropy formula for correcting steam turbine efficiency, for every 1% increase in average humidity, the efficiency of the steam turbine will decrease by 1%. It can be seen that the reduction in steam turbine efficiency and economic losses caused by wet steam cannot be ignored.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent with the application publication date of 2022.05.10 and the application publication number of CN 114462159 A discloses a blade dehumidification optimization design method for multiple working conditions of a marine wet steam turbine. The blade parameterization reconstruction method, the Kriging approximate model, and the multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm are combined to form a wet steam non-equilibrium condensation flow characteristic result calculated by the three-dimensional flow field numerical simulation calculation method. The optimization target is to minimize the outlet humidity of the cascade of the steam turbine under two operating conditions. The performance constraints are that the stage efficiency of the two operating points cannot be reduced and the flow rate of each operating condition remains unchanged. The wet steam turbine dehumidification optimization design system with parameterized blade geometry variables as design variables is used to optimize the dehumidification design of the steam turbine blades. The above technical solution summarizes the boundary flow characteristics of wet steam using the three-dimensional flow field numerical simulation calculation method, which is different from the actual condensation phenomenon of wet steam. It is impossible to directly collect and analyze the characteristics of the wet steam condensation phenomenon, and it is impossible to achieve effective dehumidification, so it is impossible to reasonably optimize the blade structure of the steam turbine.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to design a device to study the non-equilibrium condensation of water vapor, effectively improve the dehumidification efficiency, and then achieve the optimization of turbine blades. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the technical problem that the existing technology uses a three-dimensional flow field numerical simulation method to collect and analyze the characteristics of wet steam condensation phenomena, but cannot effectively optimize the dehumidification of blades, the utility model proposes a water vapor condensation test unit for a transcritical homogeneous water vapor test equipment.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is:

[0007] A water vapor condensation test unit for a transcritical homogeneous water vapor test device, the water vapor condensation test unit comprising a mass flow meter, a light-transmissive nozzle and a water vapor tank connected in sequence, the nozzle being connected to a temperature measurement module, a pressure measurement module, a density measurement module and a humidity measurement module, and the inlet of the mass flow meter being connected to a constant-pressure water vapor supply device.

[0008] The constant-pressure water vapor supply device of the present technical solution can provide water vapor at a specific pressure. Under the action of the pressure difference, the treated water vapor flows from the constant-pressure water vapor supply device to the water vapor tank, and non-equilibrium condensation occurs in the nozzle, converting the water vapor from a gaseous state to a liquid state. The flow rate of the water vapor is measured by a mass flow meter, the outlet temperature and outlet pressure of the nozzle are measured by a temperature and pressure sensor, the condensation pressure of the water vapor is measured by a pressure measurement module, the location where the water vapor condensation occurs is measured and analyzed by a density measurement module, and the efficiency of the water vapor condensation is measured and analyzed by a humidity measurement module. By collecting and analyzing the characteristics of the water vapor condensation phenomenon, the dehumidification optimization design of the turbine blades is performed.

[0009] Furthermore, the constant-pressure steam supply device includes a steam generator, a constant-pressure valve and a temperature and pressure reducer connected in sequence. The constant-pressure valve and the temperature and pressure reducer reduce the temperature and pressure of the steam generated by the steam generator to a temperature and pressure compatible with the steam turbine. The constant-pressure valve can stabilize the steam generated by the steam generator at a specific pressure, and the temperature and pressure reducer reduces the parameters of the constant-pressure steam to within the applicable range of the steam turbine. The outlet pressure of the constant-pressure valve is within the rated range of the inlet pressure of the temperature and pressure reducer. The constant-pressure valve can output the steam generated by the steam generator as steam with a stable pressure. The inlet pressure and outlet pressure of the temperature and pressure reducer are both set with fixed working ranges. The pressure of the water vapor should be within the working range of the inlet pressure of the temperature and pressure reducer. The parameters of the water vapor output after adjustment by the temperature and pressure reducer should be compatible with the steam parameter range required by the steam turbine.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer wall of the water vapor condensation test unit is provided with a heat-insulating material. The mass flow meter and the water vapor tank are provided with a heat-insulating material, which can prevent heat loss and prevent water vapor from condensing during the flow process, thereby affecting the characteristic collection of the non-equilibrium condensation phenomenon of water vapor.

[0011] Furthermore, the nozzle includes an arc panel that is symmetrical up and down, and light-transmitting panels are connected to the left and right sides of the arc panel. The cross-sectional shape of the nozzle along the water vapor flow direction is rectangular, and the area of ​​the rectangle gradually shrinks and then gradually expands. The arc panel that is symmetrical up and down and the light-transmitting panels on the left and right sides are sealed and connected to form a water vapor channel that first shrinks and then expands. The connection method can be welding or connecting or bonding through bracket bolts, as long as the connection is leak-proof. End caps are set at both ends of the nozzle or directly connected to the pipe where the water vapor flows. The volume of the water vapor expands in the nozzle, and then non-equilibrium condensation occurs. The cross-section of the nozzle is square, which is easier to manufacture. The light-transmitting panels on both sides can be light-transmitting, and the optical measurement module can collect the characteristics of the non-equilibrium condensation phenomenon of water vapor.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature measurement module includes a temperature and pressure sensor connected to the outlet of the nozzle. Temperature measurement can assist in determining the temperature of the water vapor condensing in the nozzle, and the higher the degree of condensation, the lower the measured temperature at the nozzle outlet. Pressure measurement can determine the progress of condensation in the nozzle. When the measured pressure at the nozzle outlet tends to be consistent with the nozzle inlet pressure, the condensation process of the water vapor ends.

[0013] Furthermore, the nozzle includes expansion parts at both ends and a contraction part in the middle, and a plurality of pressure measurement modules are provided, each of which is evenly connected to the arc panel of the contraction part. The pressure measurement module measures the pressure of each discrete point when water vapor condenses in the nozzle, and connection holes with even intervals are provided on the upper and lower arc panels of the nozzle. The pressure measurement module is detachably connected to the nozzle through the connection holes. The number of connection holes can be greater than the number of pressure measurement modules. The pressure measurement module can be moved according to the test needs. The unused connection holes should be kept sealed, and the sealing method can be bolts or thermal insulation materials. The measurement range of each pressure measurement module should be greater than the location where water vapor condenses, so as to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the measurement results.

[0014] Furthermore, the measurement direction of the density measurement module is perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel. The density measurement module includes a laser transmitter, a laser attenuator, a beam expander and a collimating lens connected in sequence to the left side of the nozzle, the collimating lens is aligned with the light-transmitting panel on the left side of the nozzle, and the density measurement module also includes a 50% beam splitter, a reflector and a camera connected in sequence to the right side of the nozzle. The module on the left side of the nozzle can emit a laser beam in a specific direction, and the module on the right side of the nozzle can record the laser imaging after reflection and refraction of the laser and interference of light. The density measurement module records the change process of the droplet density generated by water vapor condensation in real time through the shear interferometry method, and outputs clear patterns at each moment for analyzing the starting position of condensation.

[0015] Furthermore, the humidity measurement module is arranged between the density measurement module and the outlet of the nozzle, and the humidity measurement module is arranged on a sliding mechanism, and the sliding direction of the sliding mechanism is parallel to the nozzle. The humidity measurement module includes an optical fiber connected by an electrical signal and an emission box for emitting a laser, and the optical fiber is slidably connected to the light-transmitting panels on the left and right sides of the nozzle through a sliding mechanism, and the position of the optical fiber should avoid interference with the laser optical path of the density measurement module. The humidity measurement measures the diameter and number of condensed droplets by the extinction method, and then converts it to obtain the humidity. The test conditions are changed in turn, and the optical fiber is fixed at different positions of the nozzle for multiple measurements in each test to obtain the operating environment when the dehumidification efficiency is the highest.

[0016] Further, the sliding mechanism includes a connecting frame slidably connected to the light-transmitting panel, the humidity measuring module is fixedly connected to the connecting frame, and the measuring direction of the humidity measuring module is perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel. Preferably, the sliding mechanism includes an electric screw and a connecting frame, the electric screw is fixedly connected to the top of the nozzle through a fixed frame, one end of the connecting frame is provided with an internal thread matched with the electric screw, and the other end is provided with a connecting hole symmetrical with respect to the nozzle and matched with the optical fiber. The optical fiber is slidably connected to the light-transmitting panels on the left and right sides of the nozzle through the connecting frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the outlet of the water vapor tank is connected to a vacuum pump for equipment pressure relief, and the outlet of the vacuum pump is connected to a condenser and a condensation water tank. Before each condensation test, the vacuum pump first adjusts the pressure of the water vapor condensation test unit and the pipeline to ensure the consistency of each test environment. After each condensation test, the vacuum pump can extract the residual water vapor in the water vapor condensation test unit and the pipeline, and the water vapor condenses in the condenser and flows to the condensation water tank to prepare for the next test.

[0018] The water vapor condensation test unit can directly collect and analyze the characteristics of the non-equilibrium condensation phenomenon of water vapor. Different from the three-dimensional flow field numerical simulation calculation method, it avoids the characteristic deviation in the simulation process. Water vapor is generated by a steam generator, and the water vapor parameters are reduced to the applicable range of the steam turbine through a constant pressure valve and a temperature and pressure reducer. The treated water vapor condenses in the nozzle, and the flow rate of water vapor is measured by a mass flow meter, the outlet temperature and outlet pressure of the nozzle are measured by a temperature and pressure sensor, the condensation pressure of water vapor is measured by a pressure measurement module, the location where water vapor condensation occurs is measured and analyzed by a density measurement module, and the efficiency of water vapor condensation is measured and analyzed by a humidity measurement module. The characteristics of the water vapor condensation phenomenon are collected and analyzed, and the water vapor flow rate, pressure during condensation, size of condensation droplets, and location of condensation droplets when the water vapor condensation efficiency is highest are obtained. Correspondingly, the size of the surface structure of the steam turbine blade is optimized, thereby improving the economy and safety of the steam turbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the medium density measurement module and the nozzle;

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the humidity measurement module and the nozzle;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the nozzle structure.

[0024] In the figure, 1 is a steam generator, 2 is a constant pressure valve, 3 is a temperature and pressure reducer, 4 is a valve switch 1, 5 is a mass flow meter, 6 is a nozzle, 601 is a light-transmitting panel, 602 is a curved panel, 7 is a pressure measurement module, 8 is a density measurement module, 801 is a laser transmitter, 802 is a laser attenuator, 803 is a beam expander, 804 is a collimating lens, 805 is a 50% beam splitter, 806 is a reflector, 807 is a camera, 9 is a humidity measurement module, 901 is an optical fiber, 902 is a connecting frame, 903 is an electric screw, 904 is a fixing frame, 10 is a valve switch 2, 11 is a temperature and pressure sensor, 12 is a water vapor tank, 13 is a condensate outlet, 14 is a valve switch 3, 15 is a valve switch 4, 16 is a vacuum pump, 17 is a condenser, and 18 is a condensate tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0026] like Figure 1As shown, the transcritical homogeneous water vapor test equipment comprises a steam generator (1), a constant pressure valve (2) and a temperature and pressure reducer (3), a mass flow meter 5, a light-transmissive nozzle 6 and a water vapor tank 12, which are connected in sequence. The nozzle 6 is connected to a temperature measurement module, a pressure measurement module 7, a density measurement module 8 and a humidity measurement module 9. The outlet of the nozzle 6 is connected to a temperature and pressure sensor 11, a vacuum pump 16, a condenser 17 and a condensation water tank 18 in sequence.

[0027] The water vapor condensation test unit for the transcritical homogeneous water vapor test equipment comprises a mass flow meter 5, a light-transmissive nozzle 6 and a water vapor tank 12 connected in sequence, and the nozzle 6 is connected to a temperature measurement module, a pressure measurement module 7, a density measurement module 8 and a humidity measurement module 9.

[0028] The water vapor condensation test unit of the technical solution is connected to a steam generator 1 for constant pressure water vapor supply, a constant pressure valve 2 and a temperature and pressure reducer 3 through a mass flow meter 5. The constant pressure valve 2 and the temperature and pressure reducer 3 reduce the temperature and pressure of the water vapor generated by the steam generator 1 to a temperature and pressure adapted to the steam turbine. Then, under the action of the pressure difference, the water vapor flows from the outlet of the temperature and pressure reducer 3 to the water vapor tank 12, and non-equilibrium condensation occurs in the nozzle 6, converting the water vapor from gaseous state to liquid state. The flow rate of the water vapor is measured by the mass flow meter 5, the outlet temperature and outlet pressure of the nozzle are measured by the temperature and pressure sensor 11, the condensation pressure of the water vapor is measured by the pressure measurement module 7, the position where the water vapor condensation occurs is measured and analyzed by the density measurement module 8, and the efficiency of the water vapor condensation is measured and analyzed by the humidity measurement module 9. By collecting and analyzing the characteristics of the water vapor condensation phenomenon, the dehumidification optimization design of the steam turbine blades is carried out.

[0029] Specifically, steam generator 1 is used to continuously generate water vapor, but the temperature and pressure of the water vapor cannot be controlled. Then, a post-placed constant pressure valve 2 is used to keep the pressure of the water vapor stable. The constant pressure valve 2 may be a constant pressure valve. The constant pressure valve 2 may adjust the ratio of valve opening and closing according to the different water vapor pressures to keep the output water vapor pressure constant. The constant pressure water vapor is regulated by the temperature and pressure reducing device 3 to reduce the temperature and pressure of the water vapor to within the water vapor parameter range applicable to the steam turbine.

[0030] Furthermore, the outlet pressure of the constant pressure valve 2 is within the rated range of the inlet pressure of the temperature reducer 3. The temperature reducer 3 can only adjust the steam at constant pressure, so the steam generator 1 should first pass through the constant pressure valve 2 after generating the water vapor, and the pressure of the water vapor adjusted by the constant pressure valve 2 is stabilized within the rated range of the inlet pressure of the temperature reducer 3. The inlet pressure and outlet pressure of the temperature reducer 3 are set with a fixed working range, and the water vapor parameters output after adjustment by the temperature reducer 3 should be adapted to the water vapor parameter range required by the steam turbine.

[0031] On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation, the outer wall of the water vapor condensation test unit is provided with a heat-insulating material. Heat-insulating materials are provided between the mass flow meter 5 and the water vapor tank 12. The heat-insulating materials can prevent the temperature of the water vapor from dropping significantly during the flow process, which affects the characteristic collection of the non-equilibrium condensation phenomenon of the water vapor. Specifically, heat-insulating cotton or a layer of electric heating film with heating function can be provided on the pipe and tank body between the mass flow meter 5 and the water vapor tank 12.

[0032] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, Figure 4 As shown, the nozzle 6 includes a vertically symmetrical curved panel 602, and both sides of the curved panel 602 are connected to a light-transmitting panel 601. The cross-sectional shape of the nozzle 6 along the water vapor flow direction is a rectangle, and the area of ​​the rectangle gradually shrinks and then gradually expands. The upper and lower symmetrical curved panels 602 and the light-transmitting panels 601 on the left and right sides are sealed and connected to form a water vapor channel that first contracts and then expands. The connection method can be welding or bonding or connection through bracket bolts, as long as the connection is leak-proof. End covers are set at both ends of the nozzle 6 or directly connected to the pipe for water vapor flow. When the end covers are used, through holes for connecting the pipes should be set on the end covers. The volume of water vapor expands in the nozzle 6, and then non-equilibrium condensation occurs. The cross-section of the nozzle 6 is square, which is easier to manufacture. The curved panel 602 should maintain a smooth inner surface and a smooth connection between the contraction and expansion parts to reduce the resistance encountered by water vapor during the flow. The light-transmitting panels 601 on both sides have smooth surfaces and good light transmittance, which can realize the characteristic collection of the non-equilibrium condensation phenomenon of water vapor by the density measurement module and the humidity measurement module.

[0033] On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation, the temperature measurement module includes a temperature and pressure sensor 11 connected to the outlet of the nozzle 6. Temperature measurement can assist in determining the temperature of the water vapor condensing in the nozzle 6, and pressure measurement can determine the progress of condensation in the nozzle 6. Temperature and pressure are important conditions for intuitively determining whether the phase change condition is reached. Since the water vapor flows from the temperature and pressure reducer 3 to the water vapor tank 12 due to the pressure difference, when the measured pressure at the outlet of the nozzle 6 tends to be consistent with the inlet pressure of the nozzle 6, the condensation process of the water vapor ends.

[0034] On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation, the nozzle 6 includes expansion parts at both ends and a contraction part in the middle, and a plurality of pressure measurement modules 7 are provided, and each pressure measurement module 7 is evenly connected to the arc panel 602 of the contraction part. The pressure measurement module 7 measures the pressure of each discrete point when water vapor condenses in the nozzle 6. Evenly spaced connection holes are provided on the upper and lower arc panels 602 of the nozzle 6. The pressure measurement module 7 is detachably connected to the nozzle 6 through the connection holes. The number of connection holes can be greater than the number of pressure measurement modules 7. The pressure measurement module 7 can be moved according to the test needs. The unused connection holes should be kept sealed. The sealing method can be bolts or thermal insulation materials. The measurement range of each pressure measurement module 7 should be greater than the position where water vapor condensation occurs to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the measurement results.

[0035] In specific implementation, the pressure measurement module 7 is a pressure sensor, and 12 connection holes are evenly spaced on the upper and lower arc panels 602 of the nozzle 6, 6 pressure sensors are set in the middle of the upper arc panel 602 of the nozzle 6, and 7 pressure sensors are set at the rear end of the lower arc panel of the nozzle 6. The measuring points of the pressure sensors in the nozzle 6 are staggered, and the pressure sensors are connected in the connecting holes. The unused connecting holes are sealed with bolts.

[0036] Based on the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation, the density measurement module 8 measures the position, size and growth data of the condensed droplets by shearing interferometry, and the measurement direction of the density measurement module 8 is perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel 601. The density measurement module 8 includes a laser emitter 801, a laser attenuator 802, a beam expander 803 and a collimating lens 804 connected in sequence to the left side of the nozzle 6, and the collimating lens 804 is aligned with the light-transmitting panel 601 on the left side of the nozzle 6. The density measurement module 8 also includes a 50% beam splitter 805, a reflector 806 and a camera 807 connected in sequence to the right side of the nozzle 6. The module on the left side of the nozzle 6 can emit a laser beam in a specific direction, and the module on the right side of the nozzle 6 can record the laser imaging after the laser is reflected or refracted. The density measurement module 8 records the change process of the droplet density generated by the condensation of water vapor in real time by shearing interferometry, and outputs a clear pattern at each moment for analyzing the starting position of condensation.

[0037] like Figure 2As shown, the density measurement module 8 includes a laser emitter 801, a laser attenuator 802, a beam expander 803, a collimating lens 804, a 50% beam splitter 805, a reflector 806, and a camera 807. The laser emitter 801, the laser attenuator 802, the beam expander 803, and the collimating lens 804 are sequentially connected and located on the left side of the nozzle 6, and the 50% beam splitter 805, the reflector 806, and the camera 807 are sequentially connected and located on the right side of the nozzle 6. Two 50% beam splitters 805 and two reflectors 806 are respectively provided. After the laser beam passes through the 50% beam splitter 805 and the reflector 806, it is finally irradiated on the camera 807.

[0038] After the laser emitter 801 emits the laser, the laser power is attenuated by the laser attenuator 802, and then the laser is expanded by 803 and refracted by the collimating lens 804. Then the laser is vertically irradiated on the light-transmitting panel 601 of the nozzle 6. After the laser passes through the nozzle 6, it is irradiated on the 50% beam splitter 805, and then divided into two beams. After two reflections, position offset and interference occur. The interference pattern is recorded by the camera 807. Different refractive index data can be obtained by analyzing the pattern and converted into density data. The density measurement module 8 measures according to the different refractive indices of carbon dioxide in gas and liquid states. The camera 807 can measure different light interference fringes. When the interference fringes measured by the camera 807 change significantly, it means that the water vapor has begun to condense. The droplet position, droplet size, condensation pressure, inlet and outlet temperature, flow rate, etc. at this time are recorded to obtain the characteristics of the condensation phenomenon.

[0039] On the basis of the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the humidity measurement module 9 measures the diameter and number of condensed droplets by the extinction method. The humidity measurement module 9 is arranged between the density measurement module 8 and the outlet of the nozzle 6. The humidity measurement module 9 is arranged on a sliding mechanism, and the sliding direction of the sliding mechanism is parallel to the nozzle 6. The humidity measurement module 9 includes an optical fiber 901 connected by an electrical signal and an emission box for emitting lasers. The optical fiber 901 is slidably connected to the light-transmitting panels 601 on the left and right sides of the nozzle 6 by the sliding mechanism. The position of the optical fiber 901 should avoid interference with the laser optical path of the density measurement module 8. The humidity measurement measures the diameter and number of condensed droplets by the extinction method, and then converts them to obtain the humidity. The test conditions are changed in sequence. In each test, the optical fiber 901 is fixed at different positions of the nozzle 6 for multiple measurements to obtain the operating environment when the dehumidification efficiency is the highest.

[0040] Based on the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation, the sliding mechanism includes a connecting frame 902 slidably connected to the light-transmitting panel 601, the humidity measuring module 9 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 902, and the measuring direction of the humidity measuring module 9 is perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel 601. Figure 3As shown, the sliding mechanism includes an electric screw 903 and a connecting frame 902. The electric screw 903 is fixedly connected to the top of the nozzle 6 through a fixing frame 904. One end of the connecting frame 902 is provided with an internal thread matched with the electric screw 903, and the other end is provided with a connecting hole symmetrical with respect to the nozzle 6 and plugged with the optical fiber 901. The electric screw 903 can also be set to be manually adjusted. In order to facilitate the analysis of the humidity of each condensation position of water vapor in the nozzle 6, the end of the screw away from the density measurement module 8 should be aligned with the end of the nozzle 6, and a scale should be set on the screw.

[0041] In a specific implementation, the sliding mechanism may be a symmetrical slide rail or slide groove connected to the left and right sides of the nozzle 6, as long as the optical fiber 901 can slide freely at the density measurement module 8 and the end of the nozzle 6. The optical fiber 901 is slidably connected to the slide rail or slide groove, and the direction of the optical fiber 901 remains perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel 601.

[0042] On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation, the outlet of the water vapor tank 12 is connected to a vacuum pump 16 for equipment pressure relief, and the outlet of the vacuum pump 16 is connected to a condenser 17 and a condensation water tank 18. Before each condensation test begins, the vacuum pump 16 first adjusts the pressure of the water vapor condensation test unit and the pipeline, and the vacuum pump 16 controls the pressure in the pipeline and the water vapor tank 12 to be positive, negative or zero; after each condensation test, the vacuum pump 16 can extract the residual water vapor in the water vapor condensation test unit and the pipeline, and the water vapor condenses through the condenser 17 and flows to the condensation water tank 18, so as to ensure the consistency of each test environment and prepare for the next test.

[0043] Based on the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation, a method for optimizing steam turbine blades using the transcritical homogeneous steam test equipment comprises the following steps:

[0044] (1) Close valve switch 1 4, valve switch 4 15 and condensate outlet 13, open the remaining valve switches, and use the vacuum pump 16 to adjust the pressure in the condensation device to a suitable pressure;

[0045] (2) Close all valve switches, open constant pressure valve 2, steam generator 1 heats liquid water to obtain water vapor, then the water vapor passes through constant pressure valve 2 to obtain constant pressure water vapor, and then passes through desuperheater 3 to reduce the temperature and pressure of the water vapor to within the applicable range of the steam turbine;

[0046] (3) First, close all valve switches, and then open valve switch 1 4 and valve switch 2 10. Due to the pressure difference, water vapor flows from the temperature-reducing and pressure-reducing device 3 to the water vapor tank 12. The water vapor flow rate is recorded by the mass flow meter 5. The temperature-reducing and pressure-reducing device 3 changes the pressure and temperature of the water vapor at the inlet of the nozzle 6. The pressure during condensation is measured by the pressure measurement module 7. The size and position of the condensed liquid droplets are measured by the density measurement module 8. The condensation efficiency is measured by the humidity measurement module 9. The water vapor inlet pressure, water vapor inlet temperature and water vapor flow rate are changed in turn. When any parameter is changed, all other parameters are kept unchanged. The humidity measurement data of 5-8 points are fixedly measured and recorded in turn by the sliding mechanism. The efficiency of water vapor condensation is determined, and the water vapor flow rate, pressure during condensation, size of condensed liquid droplets and position of condensed liquid droplets when the water vapor condensation efficiency is the highest are obtained.

[0047] (4) After each test, first close all valve switches, then open valve switch 2 10 and valve switch 3 14, and use the vacuum pump 16 to extract the residual water vapor in the condensation device and pipeline. The water vapor is condensed in the condenser 17 and flows to the condensation water tank 18 to prepare for the next test;

[0048] (5) The surface structure of the turbine blade is optimized according to the steam flow rate, condensation pressure, condensation droplet size, and condensation droplet position when the steam condensation efficiency is the highest.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water vapor condensation test unit for a transcritical homogeneous water vapor test apparatus, characterized in that: The water vapor condensation test unit comprises a mass flow meter (5), a light-transmissive nozzle (6) and a water vapor tank (12) which are connected in sequence; the nozzle (6) is connected to a temperature measurement module, a pressure measurement module (7), a density measurement module (8) and a humidity measurement module (15); and the inlet of the mass flow meter (5) is connected to a constant-pressure water vapor supply device.

2. The water vapor condensation test unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant-pressure water vapor supply device comprises a steam generator (1), a constant-pressure valve (2) and a temperature and pressure reducer (3) which are connected in sequence.

3. The water vapor condensation test unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the water vapor condensation testing unit is provided with a heat-insulating material.

4. The water vapor condensation test unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nozzle (6) comprises a vertically symmetrical curved panel (602), with light-transmitting panels (601) connected to both left and right sides of the curved panel (602). The cross-sectional shape of the nozzle (6) along the direction of water vapor flow is a rectangle, and the area of ​​the rectangle gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

5. The water vapor condensation test unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature measurement module comprises a temperature and pressure sensor (11) connected to the outlet of the nozzle (6).

6. The water vapor condensation test unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nozzle (6) comprises expansion parts at both ends and a contraction part in the middle. A plurality of pressure measurement modules (7) are provided, and each pressure measurement module (7) is evenly connected to the arc-shaped panel (602) of the contraction part.

7. The water vapor condensation test unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The measurement direction of the density measurement module (8) is perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel (601).

8. The water vapor condensation testing unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The humidity measuring module (15) is arranged between the density measuring module (8) and the outlet of the nozzle (6); the humidity measuring module (15) is arranged on a sliding mechanism, and the sliding direction of the sliding mechanism is parallel to the nozzle (6).

9. The water vapor condensation testing unit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sliding mechanism comprises a connecting frame (902) slidably connected to the light-transmitting panel (601), the humidity measuring module (15) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (902), and the measuring direction of the humidity measuring module (15) is perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel (601).

10. The water vapor condensation testing unit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outlet of the water vapor tank (12) is connected to a vacuum pump (16) for equipment pressure relief, and the outlet of the vacuum pump (16) is connected to a condenser (17) and a condensed water tank (18).

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