Large-tonnage casting machining tool

Abstract

The large-tonnage casting machining tool comprises a tool box body used for containing workpieces, the tool box body is provided with a box bottom and side walls, and the side, opposite to the box bottom, of the tool box body is provided with an opening used for containing the workpieces; the side walls comprise a first side wall and a second side wall which are oppositely arranged; two fixed reference parts are arranged on the side, close to the first side wall, of the box bottom, a rotating plate is arranged on the inner side of the second side wall, the middle of the rotating plate is rotationally connected with the second side wall, and two floating reference parts are arranged at the two ends of the rotating plate in a mode of protruding towards the interior of the tool box body; the upper surfaces of the two fixed reference parts and the upper surfaces of the two floating reference parts are flush with each other; the tool box body is further provided with a positioning component used for pressing the workpiece. According to the scheme, automatic alignment is achieved through design, the problem that the auxiliary time is too long when a large-tonnage casting is machined is solved, the physical strength of an operator is saved, and the quality problems such as elastic deformation after machining caused by uneven stress of a workpiece are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of casting processing equipment, and specifically relates to a large-tonnage casting processing tool. Background Art

[0002] Tooling, also known as fixtures, is a process device used to quickly tighten the workpiece during processing to keep the machine tool, tool, and workpiece in the correct relative position. It is an indispensable component of mechanical processing. At present, for large-tonnage (for example, more than 5 tons) castings, such as tractor gearbox products, tooling is also required for processing. When clamping, it is generally necessary to tighten four nuts with a wrench, and four pressure plates and four clamps are also required; when the product workpiece is hoisted into the tooling, it is also necessary to remove two clamping screws and remove four clamps that support the pressure plate at the same height as the product pressure point; after the product is placed in the tooling, the staff manually puts the clamp in the appropriate support position, and finally manually tightens the four nuts. Because the positioning surface is relatively large, it is generally necessary to position at three points and support at one point to complete the positioning, and manual tightening is usually used, so the auxiliary time is long, the machine tool utilization rate is low, and the labor load of the staff is heavy.

[0003] In addition, the traditional clamping processing method is divided into two steps: the first step is to process the front and back surfaces of the casting; the second step is to disassemble the casting, replace the tooling, re-clamp, and then process the other two surfaces. In this sequential processing process, the time for changing tooling, product disassembly, and personnel clamping assistance is relatively long, and the processing accuracy cannot be guaranteed to be stable. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a large-tonnage casting processing tooling, which solves the problems of manual tightening and long auxiliary time when the existing tooling is used to tighten the workpiece, realizes rapid clamping and positioning, and can complete all processing dimensions with one clamping.

[0005] According to the technical scheme of the utility model, the utility model provides a large-tonnage casting processing tooling, including a tooling box for accommodating workpieces, the tooling box having a box bottom and side walls, and the side of the tooling box opposite to the box bottom is an opening for placing the workpiece; the side wall comprises a first side wall and a second side wall arranged oppositely; two fixed reference parts are arranged on the side of the box bottom close to the first side wall, and a rotating plate is arranged on the inner side of the second side wall, the middle part of the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the second side wall, and two floating reference parts are protruding toward the inside of the tooling box at both ends of the rotating plate; the upper surfaces of the two fixed reference parts and the two floating reference parts are flush; a positioning component for pressing the workpiece is also arranged on the tooling box.

[0006] Furthermore, the positioning component includes a bridge-shaped pressing plate, which is installed at the opening of the tooling box body, and the shape of the bridge-shaped pressing plate matches the workpiece.

[0007] Furthermore, the positioning component also includes a pressure plate arm assembly arranged near the side wall, the pressure plate arm assembly includes a pressure plate arm, a screw and a pressure plate arm top screw. A through hole is opened on the pressure plate arm, the screw is longitudinally arranged, the pressure plate arm is sleeved on the screw through the through hole, and a nut is threadedly connected to the top end of the screw; the pressure plate arm top screw is installed and connected to the side wall, the top end of the pressure plate arm top screw is in conflict with the lower surface of the outer end of the pressure plate arm, the lower surface of the inner end of the pressure plate arm is in conflict with the workpiece, and the nut is located between the outer end and the inner end of the pressure plate arm.

[0008] Furthermore, the positioning component also includes a reference portion and a positioning top screw.

[0009] Furthermore, a processing window is provided on the tooling box.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom and side walls of the tooling box are both plates, and reinforcing ribs are provided at positions where the plates are connected.

[0011] Furthermore, a rotating device is included, which includes a frame, a rotating seat for accommodating a tooling box body is rotatably connected to the frame, and a motor assembly for driving the rotating seat to rotate is also arranged on the frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the rotating seat is in the shape of a box without a top surface and a side surface. The top of the rotating seat is an open access opening before rotation and after rotation by 90°. The rotating seat is installed and connected to the access opening with a pin extending inward; a lifting hole and a pin hole are provided on the tooling box, and the pin hole matches the pin.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a positioning plate, which is arranged on the machine tool; positioning pins and guide blocks are arranged on the positioning plate to protrude upward; the side wall of the tooling box also includes a third side wall adjacent to the first side wall and the second side wall; there are at least two positioning pins, and positioning holes matching the positioning pins are opened on the third side wall; there are multiple guide blocks, which are distributed along the outer contour of the third side wall, and the top of the guide block has an inclined surface facing inward.

[0014] Furthermore, a threaded table is embedded on the positioning plate, and the upper surface of the threaded table is not lower than the upper surface of the positioning plate; a threaded table mounting hole and a tooling mounting hole are provided on the threaded table, and the threaded table is mounted and fixed to the positioning plate through the threaded table mounting hole, and the third side wall of the tooling box is mounted and fixed to the threaded table through the tooling mounting hole.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0016] 1. The large-tonnage casting processing tooling of the utility model can be clamped directly, and automatic alignment is achieved through the design of floating datum, without manual alignment; the effect of overall clamping of the four corners of the workpiece is achieved, and compared with the existing solution, the code is omitted, saving the machine tool worktable area; it solves the problem of long auxiliary time during processing of large-tonnage castings such as tractor box products, saves the physical strength of operators, and avoids quality problems such as elastic deformation after processing caused by uneven force on the workpiece.

[0017] 2. The large-tonnage casting processing tooling of the utility model adopts the front clamping and side processing methods, and adopts the motor to automatically flip, which is safe; the tooling is quickly positioned and installed on the machine tool workbench through the positioning plate; the process is concentrated, and all processing contents can be completed in one clamping, ensuring the processing size of high-end large-tonnage counterweights. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of a tooling box body according to one embodiment of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure after the workpiece is clamped in the tooling box is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view structure.

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the tooling box after removing the bridge-shaped pressure plate is shown.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rotating device according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating device shown is after removing the motor assembly.

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The structure shown is a schematic diagram of the structure after the tooling box is installed.

[0025] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The structure shown is a schematic diagram of the state after the tooling box is rotated 90°.

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a positioning plate according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0027] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tooling box according to an embodiment of the utility model after being installed on a positioning plate.

[0028] Description of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings:

[0029] 1. Tool box; 11. First side wall; 12. Second side wall; 13. Third side wall; 14. Fourth side wall; 15. Box bottom; 16. Reinforcement ribs; 21. Fixed reference piece; 22. Rotating plate; 23. Floating reference piece; 24. Washer; 25. Rotating shaft pin; 26. Rotating shaft nut; 3. Bridge-shaped pressure plate; 41. Pressure plate arm; 42. Screw; 43. Pressure plate arm top screw; 44. Nut; 51. Reference part; 52. Positioning top screw; 61. Frame; 62. Rotating seat; 63. Motor assembly; 64. Pin; 7. Positioning plate; 71. Positioning pin; 72. Guide block; 73. Threaded table; 74. Threaded table mounting hole; 75. Tool mounting hole; A. Workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The utility model provides a large-tonnage casting processing tool, which solves the problems of manual tightening and long auxiliary time when the existing tool is tightening the workpiece, realizes rapid clamping and positioning, and can complete all processing dimensions with one clamping. Large-tonnage castings, such as castings of more than 5 tons, are specifically described by taking a tractor gearbox body as an example. It can be understood that the solution of the utility model can also be applied to other castings.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 4 A large-tonnage casting processing tool according to an embodiment of the utility model includes a tool box 1 for accommodating and clamping a workpiece A. The tool box 1 has a box bottom 15 and side walls. The side of the tool box 1 opposite to the box bottom 15 is an opening for placing the workpiece A. The box bottom 15 and the side wall of the tool box 1 can be a flat structure or a curved structure as required.

[0032] In this embodiment, the tool box 1 is generally in the shape of a rectangular box, and its side walls include a first side wall 11 and a second side wall 12 that are arranged opposite to each other, and another set of a third side wall 13 and a fourth side wall 14 that are arranged opposite to each other. Two fixed reference members 21 are distributed on one side of the box bottom 15 close to the first side wall 11. The fixed reference member 21 is, for example, a bolt. A through hole / threaded hole is provided on the box bottom 15, and the bolt is inserted and fastened by a nut so that the bolt is exposed above the box bottom 15 by a set length, thereby forming the fixed reference member 21. There is a distance between the two fixed reference members 21, for example, the two fixed reference members 21 are arranged at two of the four corners of the tool box 1.

[0033] A rotating plate 22 is provided on the inner side of the second side wall 12, and the middle part of the rotating plate 22 is rotatably connected to the second side wall 12. For example, a rotating shaft hole is provided in the middle part of the rotating plate 22 and on the second side wall 12, and a rotating shaft pin 25 is inserted therein. One end of the rotating shaft pin 25 is a pin head, and the other end is provided with a washer 24 and a rotating shaft nut 26 in sequence, so that the rotating plate 22 can only be attached to the second side wall 12 in a direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft hole. Figure 1 The tool box 1 can rotate in the direction of the paper surface and cannot be separated from the second side wall 12. Two floating reference members 23 are provided at both ends of the rotating plate 22 to protrude into the interior of the tool box 1. The floating reference members 23 are, for example, bolts. The upper surfaces of the two fixed reference members 21 and the two floating reference members 23 are flush with each other, so as to jointly support the workpiece A from above. More specifically, for tractor gearboxes and other common large-tonnage castings, the bottom of the workpiece A is generally a substantially square plane for installation, and the positions of the two fixed reference members 21 and the two floating reference members 23 correspond to the four corners of the bottom of the workpiece A. A positioning component for pressing the workpiece A is also provided on the tool box 1. The positioning component positions the workpiece A from all directions so that the workpiece A does not shake in the tool box 1.

[0034] The principle of the above design of the utility model is as follows. The basic principle of positioning is three-point surface positioning, but for large-tonnage castings, the surface is very large, so a point is divided into two small points at the floating reference, and a lever structure is provided between the two floating reference parts 23, so that the front of the workpiece A can be positioned through the two fixed reference parts 21 and the floating reference part 23, and rapid and automatic alignment can be achieved, so that the four corners of the workpiece A can be clamped as a whole.

[0035] More specifically, see Figure 2 The positioning component includes a bridge-shaped pressing plate 3, which is installed at the opening of the tool box 1. For example, the two ends of the bridge-shaped pressing plate 3 are installed on the top of the side wall of the tool box 1 through top screws. The shape of the bridge-shaped pressing plate 3 matches the workpiece A. For example, the top of the tractor gearbox body in this embodiment is an arc shape, and the bridge-shaped pressing plate 3 adopts an arc structure accordingly. This bridge-shaped structure has uniform and stable force and is easy to install. After the aforementioned automatic alignment step, the bridge-shaped pressing plate 3 is installed to press the workpiece A as a whole.

[0036] See also Figure 4In some embodiments, the positioning component further includes a platen arm assembly arranged near the side wall, the platen arm assembly includes a platen arm 41, a screw 42 and a platen arm top screw 43, a through hole is opened on the platen arm 41, the screw 42 is arranged longitudinally, the platen arm 41 is sleeved on the screw 42 through the through hole, and a nut 44 is threadedly connected to the top of the screw 42; the platen arm top screw 43 is installed and connected to the side wall, the top of the platen arm top screw 43 conflicts with the lower surface of the outer end of the platen arm 41, the lower surface of the inner end of the platen arm 41 conflicts with the workpiece A, the nut 44 is located between the outer end and the inner end of the platen arm 41, and the platen arm 41 forms a lever structure. When in use, the platen arm 41 can be pressed against the workpiece A by adjusting the platen arm top screw 43 or the nut 44. For example, two platen arm assemblies are arranged side by side on the side wall. It can be understood that the number, position, etc. of the pressure plate arm assemblies are specifically configured to match the structure of the workpiece A.

[0037] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 The positioning component also includes a reference portion 51 and a positioning top screw 52, ​​which are arranged at multiple positions on the bottom 15 and / or the side wall according to actual positioning requirements. The reference portion 51 is, for example, a bolt structure similar to the fixed reference member 21, and / or other fixed or pre-adjusted fixed structures, which are used to provide a positioning reference during clamping to correct the position of the workpiece A. The positioning top screw 52 is, for example, installed in a threaded hole provided in the side wall by threading. After the workpiece A is initially positioned, the positioning top screw 52 is screwed in to tighten the workpiece A at multiple positions, so that the workpiece A is positioned stably and does not shake.

[0038] The tooling box 1 is provided with a processing window according to the specific situation, for example Figure 4 As shown, the parts other than the third side wall 13 and the fourth side wall 14 are provided with hollow structures. Figure 2 , Figure 7 As shown, the machine tool tool can pass through the processing window and process the workpiece A.

[0039] See also Figure 4 The bottom 15 and side walls of the tooling box 1 are both plates, and reinforcing ribs 16 are provided at the positions where the plates are connected, for example, a right-angled triangular plate structure, so that the structure is more stable and the load-bearing capacity of the tooling box 1 is ensured.

[0040] For further information, see Figures 5 to 8 , and also includes a rotating device matched with the tool box 1. Large-tonnage casting workpieces A are generally transported by crane hoisting, so there are hoisting holes on the tool box 1, which need to be first Figure 2The tool box 1 shown is placed horizontally with the opening facing upward, and the workpiece A is placed therein for positioning and clamping. The tool box 1 containing the workpiece A is then placed in a rotating device and rotated and erected by the rotating device. Finally, the tool box 1 is hoisted to the machine tool in an upright state for processing.

[0041] The preferred rotating device includes a frame 61, on which a rotating seat 62 for accommodating the tooling box 1 is rotatably connected, and a motor assembly 63 for driving the rotating seat 62 to rotate is also provided on the frame 61. More specifically, the rotating seat 62 is in the shape of a box without a top surface and a side surface, so that the rotating seat 62 has an open access opening on the top before and after rotating 90°. In this embodiment, the ground on the side of the rotating seat 62 is made of square tubes welded. The rotating seat 62 is at the access opening (for example Figure 6 As shown, a pin 64 extending inward is installed and connected at a corner position of the box shape. A pin hole is provided on the tooling box 1, and the pin hole matches the pin 64. After the tooling box 1 is placed in the rotating seat 62, the installation pin 64 is inserted to play a role of limiting protection to prevent the tooling box 1 from falling out. The motor assembly 63, for example, includes a motor and a reducer to provide sufficient driving force. This solution uses a motor for automatic flipping, and the flipping process does not require manual assistance, which is stable and safe. In a specific embodiment, the rotating device can flip 20 tons of products and tooling.

[0042] For further information, see Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , preferably also includes a positioning plate 7 (change plate), the positioning plate 7 is arranged on the machine tool, more specifically, for example, it is arranged on the CNC turntable of the CNC machine tool, the CNC turntable can rotate, so that all the processing contents on the four sides of the workpiece A can be completed after one installation. A positioning pin 71 and a guide block 72 are provided on the upper surface of the positioning plate 7 to protrude upward for quick positioning. The side wall of the tooling box 1 also includes a third side wall 13 (and a fourth side wall 14) adjacent to the first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12. After turning over 90°, the third side wall 13 is the bottom surface. There are at least two positioning pins 71, and preferably two, so that the positioning plane is determined by two points; a positioning hole matching the positioning pin 71 is opened on the third side wall 13; preferably, the top of the positioning pin 71 is a gradually narrowing tip, so that it is easier to correspond to the positioning hole entering the tooling box 1. There are multiple guide blocks 72, which are distributed along the outer contour of the third side wall 13; the top of the guide block 72 has an inwardly inclined surface; preferably, the position of the guide block 72 is designed to have a gap of about 5 mm with the positioned workpiece A, thereby reducing the difficulty of lifting to the desired position and facilitating operation. During installation, the tool box 1 first contacts the inclined surface of the guide block 72 for preliminary positioning, gradually aligns with the guiding effect of the inclined surface, and then is accurately positioned by the positioning pin 71.

[0043] More preferably, a threaded platform 73 is embedded on the positioning plate 7, and the upper surface of the threaded platform 73 is not lower than the upper surface of the positioning plate 7, so as to facilitate the cleaning of iron filings generated during processing. The threaded platform 73 is provided with a threaded platform mounting hole 74 and a tooling mounting hole 75. The threaded platform 73 is fixedly mounted to the positioning plate 7 through the threaded platform mounting hole 74, and the third side wall 13 of the tooling box 1 is fixedly mounted to the threaded platform 73 through the tooling mounting hole 75. For example, each threaded platform 73 has five holes distributed in a cross shape, the four outer holes are threaded platform mounting holes 74, and the positioning plate 77 has corresponding threaded platform embedding grooves and mounting holes, so that it can be installed by screws / bolts; the middle hole is the tooling mounting hole 75, which is a threaded hole. When installing the tooling box 1 and the positioning plate 7, they are generally fixed with an electric wrench and bolts. After long-term disassembly and assembly, the threads of the positioning plate 7 will become stripped. Therefore, the preferred solution adopts a threaded platform 73 to form a detachable and replaceable tooling installation hole 75, which helps to increase the service life of the positioning plate 7 and is more flexible in maintenance.

[0044] In summary, in the traditional scheme, alignment and clamping account for more than 40% of the total processing time, and at least two clampings are required to complete the processing, so the processing efficiency needs to be improved. The large-tonnage casting processing tooling of the utility model can be clamped directly, and automatic alignment is achieved through the design of floating datum, without manual alignment; the effect of overall clamping of the four corners of the workpiece is achieved, and compared with the existing scheme, the code is eliminated, saving the machine tool workbench area; it solves the problem of long auxiliary time during processing of large-tonnage castings such as tractor box products, saves the physical strength of operators, and avoids quality problems such as elastic deformation after processing caused by uneven force on the workpiece; adopts the front clamping and side processing method, and uses a motor to automatically flip, which is safe; the tooling is quickly positioned and installed on the machine tool workbench through the positioning plate; the process is concentrated, so that all processing content can be completed in one clamping, ensuring the processing size of high-end large-tonnage counterweights.

Claims

1. A large-tonnage casting processing tool, characterized in that: It comprises a tool box (1) for accommodating a workpiece (A), the tool box (1) having a box bottom (15) and side walls, and a side of the tool box (1) opposite to the box bottom (15) is an opening for placing the workpiece (A); The side walls include a first side wall (11) and a second side wall (12) that are arranged opposite to each other; two fixed reference members (21) are arranged on one side of the box bottom (15) close to the first side wall (11); a rotating plate (22) is arranged on the inner side of the second side wall (12); the middle part of the rotating plate (22) is rotatably connected to the second side wall (12); two floating reference members (23) are arranged at both ends of the rotating plate (22) to protrude into the interior of the tooling box (1); the upper surfaces of the two fixed reference members (21) and the two floating reference members (23) are flush with each other; and a positioning member for pressing the workpiece (A) is also arranged on the tooling box (1).

2. The large-tonnage casting processing tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The positioning component comprises a bridge-shaped pressing plate (3), and the bridge-shaped pressing plate (3) is installed at the opening of the tooling box (1), and the shape of the bridge-shaped pressing plate (3) matches the workpiece (A).

3. The large-tonnage casting processing tooling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The positioning component also includes a pressure plate arm assembly arranged near the side wall, the pressure plate arm assembly includes a pressure plate arm (41), a screw rod (42) and a pressure plate arm top screw (43), the pressure plate arm (41) is provided with a through hole, the screw rod (42) is arranged longitudinally, the pressure plate arm (41) is sleeved on the screw rod (42) through the through hole, and a nut (44) is threadedly connected to the top end of the screw rod (42); the pressure plate arm top screw (43) is installed and connected to the side wall, the top end of the pressure plate arm top screw (43) is in conflict with the lower surface of the outer end of the pressure plate arm (41), the lower surface of the inner end of the pressure plate arm (41) is in conflict with the workpiece (A), and the nut (44) is located between the outer end and the inner end of the pressure plate arm (41).

4. The large-tonnage casting processing tooling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The positioning component also includes a reference portion (51) and a positioning top screw (52).

5. The large-tonnage casting processing tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tooling box (1) is provided with a processing window.

6. The large-tonnage casting processing tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The box bottom (15) and the side walls of the tooling box (1) are both plate members, and reinforcing ribs (16) are provided at positions where the plate members are connected.

7. The large-tonnage casting processing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a rotating device, which includes a frame (61), a rotating seat (62) for accommodating the tooling box (1) being rotatably connected to the frame (61), and a motor assembly (63) for driving the rotating seat (62) to rotate is also provided on the frame (61).

8. The large-tonnage casting processing tool according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The rotating seat (62) is in the shape of a box without a top surface and a side surface. The rotating seat (62) has an open access opening on the top before rotation and after rotation by 90 degrees. The rotating seat (62) is connected to the access opening with a pin (64) extending inwardly. The tooling box (1) is provided with a hanging hole and a pin hole, and the pin hole matches the pin (64).

9. The large-tonnage casting processing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a positioning plate (7), which is arranged on the machine tool; a positioning pin (71) and a guide block (72) are arranged on the positioning plate (7) in a manner protruding upward; The side wall of the tooling box (1) further comprises a third side wall (13) adjacent to both the first side wall (11) and the second side wall (12); There are at least two positioning pins (71), and positioning holes matching the positioning pins (71) are provided on the third side wall (13); There are a plurality of guide blocks (72), and the guide blocks (72) are distributed along the outer contour of the third side wall (13). The top of the guide block (72) has an inclined surface facing inward.

10. The large-tonnage casting processing tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: A threaded platform (73) is embedded on the positioning plate (7), and the upper surface of the threaded platform (73) is not lower than the upper surface of the positioning plate (7); a threaded platform mounting hole (74) and a tool mounting hole (75) are provided on the threaded platform (73); the threaded platform (73) is mounted and fixed to the positioning plate (7) through the threaded platform mounting hole (74), and the third side wall (13) of the tool box (1) is mounted and fixed to the threaded platform (73) through the tool mounting hole (75).

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