Water balance detection system for urban green land

Abstract

The utility model discloses a water balance detection system for urban green land, which is characterized by comprising a planting pool, a meteorological station and a hydrological observation device, the planting pool is made of thick concrete and arranged in a soil layer, the planting pool comprises a filtering layer, a planting layer and a surface layer from bottom to top, and the filtering layer is provided with a three-layer structure from bottom to top and comprises double-layer non-woven fabric filtering cotton, thick and coarse sand grains and ceramsite; the meteorological station detects the planting layer through various sensors and a data collector; the hydrological observation device comprises a surface runoff observation assembly and a seepage water flow observation assembly, the surface runoff observation assembly is connected with the upper portion of the planting pool, the seepage water flow observation assembly is connected with the bottom of the planting pool, and the surface runoff observation assembly and the seepage water flow observation assembly each comprise a drainage pipe, a control valve, a water quantity measuring instrument, a sampling pool and a water outlet. According to the utility model, the rainfall, the surface runoff and the infiltration water flow can be detected at the same time, and the accurate measurement of the rainwater regulation and storage of the urban green land can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of urban planning and natural environment resource management, in particular to a water balance detection system for urban green land and a calculation method for regulating rainfall surface runoff. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, frequent urban flooding has caused many inconveniences to residents' production and life, and even threatened the safety of life and property. Urban flooding has become an important environmental issue facing urban management.

[0003] As an important component of the urban ecosystem, urban green space plays a very significant role in the infiltration, retention and storage of rainwater. It can effectively reduce the urban stormwater flow, alleviate the pressure of urban waterlogging, and become an important way to realize sponge cities.

[0004] The canopy of urban green space plants blocks and slows down the arrival of precipitation, which delays the runoff time caused by rainfall compared with non-green areas. This can alleviate the pressure on the urban drainage system to a certain extent. On the other hand, the soil of green space can absorb and retain part of the precipitation, reducing the amount of water directly discharged into the municipal pipe network. At the same time, green space can absorb and store accumulated water that cannot be drained away temporarily in the short term, reducing the inconvenience caused by surface water accumulation to production and life. Therefore, accurately measuring the function of urban green space to absorb rainwater and flood can provide an accurate measurement basis for the planning and construction of sponge cities, comprehensively improve the systematic and scientific nature of sponge city construction, and enhance the elasticity and resilience of cities in adapting to climate change and resisting rainstorm disasters.

[0005] The existing calculation method for the design storage capacity of urban green space adopts the calculation method of rainfall runoff coefficient, and the calculation formula is V=10HγF, where V is the design storage capacity or the required water storage capacity (m 3 ), H is the design rainfall (mm), γ is the rainfall runoff coefficient, and F is the catchment area. The rainfall runoff coefficient is the ratio of the runoff depth D in any period of time to the precipitation depth R in the same period. It is represented by the symbol γ, that is, γ=D / R, where: γ is the runoff coefficient; D is the runoff depth, mm; R is the precipitation depth, mm. This calculation method has a simple calculation process and is easy to estimate on a large scale. However, since its calculation process completely ignores the differences in green vegetation types and the influence of factors such as infiltration water flow on the storage capacity, it has a large error in the calculation of the storage capacity of specific greening projects. Therefore, a calculation method that can reflect the water cycle process of each part of the entire rainfall process is needed to realize the accurate calculation of the rainfall storage volume of urban green spaces, provide an accurate measurement basis for the planning and construction of sponge cities, and realize the refined management of urban greening. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model proposes a water balance detection system for urban green land and a calculation method for regulating rainfall surface runoff, which can effectively improve the accuracy of calculating the regulating rainfall surface runoff of urban green land, that is, the regulating rainfall volume, and is conducive to realizing the refined management of urban greening.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A water balance detection system for urban green space, including a planting pool, a weather station, and a hydrological observation device;

[0009] The planting pool is made of thick concrete and placed in the soil layer, and includes a filter layer, a planting layer, and a surface layer from bottom to top. The filter layer has a three-layer structure from bottom to top, which are double-layer non-woven filter cotton, thick coarse sand, and ceramsite;

[0010] The weather station detects the planting layer through various sensors and data collectors;

[0011] The hydrological observation device includes a surface runoff observation component and a seepage water flow observation component. The surface runoff observation component is connected to the upper part of the planting pool, and the seepage water flow observation component is connected to the bottom of the planting pool. The surface runoff observation component and the seepage water flow observation component both include a drain pipe, a control valve, a water volume measuring instrument, a sampling pool, and a water outlet.

[0012] Optionally, the observation indicators of the meteorological station include rainfall, soil temperature, and soil moisture.

[0013] Optionally, the various types of sensors include soil temperature sensors and soil moisture sensors, and a plurality of the soil temperature sensors and the soil moisture sensors are provided and are respectively arranged at different depths of the planting layer.

[0014] Optionally, the planting layer is backfilled with matrix soil.

[0015] Optionally, the thick concrete is waterproofed.

[0016] Optionally, the thick coarse sand and the expanded clay in the filter layer are laid to the same thickness.

[0017] Optionally, a first drainage outlet is provided on four walls of the planting pool along an upper edge of the planting layer, and the surface runoff observation component is connected to the upper part of the planting pool through the first drainage outlet.

[0018] Optionally, a second drain outlet is provided at the bottom of the planting pool, and the infiltration water flow observation component is connected to the bottom of the planting pool through the drain outlet. There are 5 second drain outlets and they are evenly arranged in a cross shape.

[0019] Optionally, the water volume measuring instrument is installed at a position lower than the water inlet end and the water outlet end.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The utility model provides a water balance detection system for urban green space, which connects a meteorological station with a planting pool, and connects the upper part and the bottom of the planting pool with a hydrological observation device at the same time, so as to observe rainfall, surface runoff and infiltration water flow at the same time. Therefore, the water balance detection system for urban green space provided by the utility model is convenient for correcting and calculating the surface runoff of urban green space storage rainfall, that is, the storage rainfall volume, by considering the difference in green space vegetation types and the influence of the factor of infiltration water flow on the design storage volume of urban green space, and can improve the accuracy of the measurement and calculation of the storage rainfall volume, which is conducive to the refined management of urban greening; after the accurate calculation of the storage rainfall volume, it can provide an accurate measurement basis for sponge city planning and construction, comprehensively improve the systematicness and scientificity of sponge city construction, enhance the elasticity and resilience of the city in adapting to climate change and resisting rainstorm disasters, so as to effectively reduce the urban rain and flood flow, alleviate the pressure of urban waterlogging, and avoid the occurrence of urban waterlogging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The utility model provides a structural block diagram of a water balance detection system for urban green space.

[0023] In the figure:

[0024] Planting pool 1, filter layer 2: double-layer non-woven filter cotton 21, thick coarse sand 22, ceramsite 23, planting layer 3, surface layer 4, weather station 5;

[0025] Hydrological observation device: drainage pipe 6, control valve 7, water volume measuring instrument 8, sampling pool 9, water outlet 10;

[0026] The first drainage outlet 11 , the second drainage outlet 12 , and the soil layer 13 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a water balance detection system for urban green space, including a planting pool 1, a weather station 5, and a hydrological observation device;

[0029] The planting pool 1 is made of thick concrete and placed in a soil layer 13, and includes a filter layer 2, a planting layer 3, and a surface layer 4 from bottom to top. The filter layer 2 includes a double-layer non-woven filter cotton 21, thick coarse sand 22, and ceramsite 23 from bottom to top;

[0030] The weather station 5 detects the planting layer 3 through various sensors and data collectors;

[0031] The hydrological observation device includes a surface runoff observation component and an infiltration water flow observation component. The surface runoff observation component is connected to the upper part of the planting pool 1, and the infiltration water flow observation component is connected to the bottom of the planting pool 1. The surface runoff observation component and the infiltration water flow observation component both include a drain pipe 6, a control valve 7, a water volume measuring instrument 8, a sampling pool 9, and a water outlet 10.

[0032] Specifically, the urban green space water balance detection system of the present embodiment is configured by setting up a planting pool 1, a meteorological station 5, and a hydrological observation device, and then connecting the meteorological station 5 to the planting pool 1, and connecting the upper and bottom parts of the planting pool 1 to the hydrological observation device at the same time, so as to detect rainfall, surface runoff and infiltration water flow at the same time, thereby facilitating the accurate measurement of rainwater storage in urban green spaces.

[0033] Among them, the planting pool 1 can be planted with various urban greening configuration modes such as trees, shrubs, trees, grasses, and lawns according to the detection requirements, and can also be tested according to the coverage rate or canopy density of different types of vegetation as needed. In addition, the planting pool 1 can be set to have an internal space with a length, width, and depth of 300 cm, 300 cm, and 190 cm respectively.

[0034] The water flowing into the planting pool 1 can flow into the surface runoff observation component connected to the upper part of the planting pool 1, or flow into the infiltration water flow observation component connected to the bottom of the planting pool 1, and respectively pass through the drainage pipe 6, control valve 7, water volume measuring instrument 8, sampling pool 9, and water outlet 10 in the surface runoff observation component and the infiltration water flow observation component and flow out, wherein the top and bottom of the sampling pool 9 can be opened for convenient inspection and sampling.

[0035] The bottom layer in the planting pool 1 is the filter layer 2, which mainly filters the sediment carried by the infiltration water flow to prevent the observation facilities from being blocked. Therefore, it is necessary to select materials with good filtering performance and strong drainage performance to avoid errors in experimental data caused by drainage lag and the impact of long-term water accumulation on plant growth. This patent uses expanded clay 23, coarse sand, and non-woven fabric for layered filtration, which can effectively remove the sediment carried by the infiltration water flow and ensure the excellent drainage performance of the system.

[0036] The weather station 5 may be composed of various sensors, data collectors, and power supply devices. The sensors and data collectors are placed in the planting layer 3 of the planting pool 1 to observe the soil in the planting layer 3.

[0037] In an optional implementation, the observation indicators of the meteorological station 5 include rainfall, soil temperature, and soil moisture.

[0038] Specifically, the meteorological station 5 detects the rainfall and observes the soil temperature and soil moisture of the soil in the planting layer 3 to collect relevant information and facilitate further accurate measurement of the rainwater storage in the urban green space. Furthermore, the observation indicators of the meteorological station 5 may also include air pressure, evaporative cooling, wind direction, wind speed, etc., so as to take into account more factors that affect the rainfall storage volume of the urban green space.

[0039] In an optional implementation, the various types of sensors include soil temperature sensors and soil moisture sensors. There are multiple soil temperature sensors and soil moisture sensors, which are respectively arranged at different depths of the planting layer 3.

[0040] Specifically, by arranging multiple soil temperature sensors and soil moisture sensors at different depths of the planting layer 3, such as arranging soil temperature sensors and soil moisture sensors at 35 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm in the planting layer respectively, by detecting the soil temperature and soil moisture at multiple different depths, it is helpful to make the detection results more accurate.

[0041] In an alternative embodiment, the thick concrete is waterproofed.

[0042] Specifically, the thick concrete of the planting pool 1 is waterproofed to isolate the water exchange inside and outside the planting pool 1, so that the water in the planting pool 1 can only flow out through the surface runoff observation component or the infiltration water flow observation component, so as to improve the measurement accuracy of the surface runoff and infiltration water flow.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the planting layer 3 is backfilled with matrix soil.

[0044] Specifically, the matrix soil is a garden greening planting matrix soil, and with reference to the national standard "Garden Greening Project Specification (GB 55014)" for the depth of greening covering soil on the top surface of the structure, in order to meet the growth of vegetation such as trees that are conducive to preventing urban waterlogging, the matrix soil thickness is preferably set to 150cm. At the same time, in order to ensure the nutrients required for the normal growth of plants, the matrix soil is preferably a commercially available garden greening matrix, which has the advantages of high organic matter content and good soil aggregate structure compared with the garden greening planting matrix soil, and can facilitate the growth of various types of garden greening plants such as trees, shrubs and grass ground covers. Therefore, by backfilling the planting layer 3 with the matrix soil, it is conducive to meeting the planting and detection needs of garden greening vegetation.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the thick coarse sand 22 and the ceramsite 23 in the filter layer 2 are laid to the same thickness.

[0046] Specifically, the laying thickness of the thick coarse sand 22 and the ceramsite 23 is preferably set to 15 cm, and the particle size of the thick coarse sand 22 can be selected to have a diameter of 10 mm. By setting the laying thickness of the thick coarse sand 22 and the ceramsite 23 to be the same, it is beneficial to make the filtering effect more balanced.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, a first drainage outlet 11 is provided on four walls of the planting pool 1 along the upper edge of the planting layer 3 , and the surface runoff observation component is connected to the upper part of the planting pool 1 through the first drainage outlet 11 .

[0048] Specifically, a plurality of first drainage ports 11 can be evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the four walls of the planting pool 1 , so as to ensure the drainage effect of the upper part of the planting pool 1 and realize uniform drainage.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, a second drain outlet 12 is provided at the bottom of the planting pool 1, and the infiltration water flow observation component is connected to the bottom of the planting pool 1 through the drain outlet. There are 5 second drain outlets 12 and they are evenly arranged in a cross shape.

[0050] Specifically, the second drain outlet 12 is arranged at the bottom of the planting pool 1, and the bottom of the planting pool 1 is connected to the infiltration water flow observation component. At the same time, there are 5 second drain outlets 12 and they are evenly arranged in a cross shape, which is beneficial to ensure that the water filtered by the filter layer 2 can be fully and evenly discharged through the second drain outlet 12.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the water volume measuring instrument 8 is installed at a position lower than the water inlet end and the water outlet end.

[0052] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, by setting the installation position of the water volume measuring instrument 8 to be lower than the water inlet end and the discharge end, it is ensured that the pipe in the water volume measuring section is always full of water, reducing the impact of the insufficient water in the pipe on the water volume measurement when the flow rate is low.

[0053] Specifically, by using the meteorological station 5 and the hydrological observation device in the water balance system of the above-mentioned urban greening for detection, the detection data such as rainfall, rainfall duration, surface runoff, infiltration water flow, surface runoff flow duration, and infiltration water flow duration are obtained, and then these detection data are taken into account in the calculation of the surface runoff of the urban green space rainfall storage, which can improve the accuracy of the measurement and calculation of the rainfall storage volume, and is conducive to the refined management of urban greening; after the accurate calculation of the rainfall storage volume, it can provide an accurate measurement basis for the planning and construction of sponge cities, comprehensively improve the systematic and scientific nature of sponge city construction, and enhance the city's elasticity and resilience in adapting to climate change and resisting rainstorm disasters, so as to effectively reduce the city's rain and flood flow, alleviate the pressure of urban waterlogging, and avoid the occurrence of urban waterlogging.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention according to the technical scheme and the utility model concept of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water balance detection system for urban green space, characterized in that: It includes planting pools, weather stations, and hydrological observation devices; The planting pool is made of thick concrete and placed in the soil layer, and includes a filter layer, a planting layer, and a surface layer from bottom to top. The filter layer has a three-layer structure from bottom to top, which are double-layer non-woven filter cotton, thick coarse sand, and ceramsite; The weather station detects the planting layer through various sensors and data collectors; The hydrological observation device includes a surface runoff observation component and a seepage water flow observation component. The surface runoff observation component is connected to the upper part of the planting pool, and the seepage water flow observation component is connected to the bottom of the planting pool. The surface runoff observation component and the seepage water flow observation component both include a drain pipe, a control valve, a water volume measuring instrument, a sampling pool, and a water outlet.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation indicators of the meteorological station include rainfall, soil temperature, and soil moisture.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The various sensors include soil temperature sensors and soil moisture sensors. A plurality of the soil temperature sensors and the soil moisture sensors are provided and are respectively arranged at different depths of the planting layer.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting layer is backfilled with matrix soil.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thick concrete is waterproofed.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thick coarse sand and the ceramsite in the filter layer are laid to the same thickness.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four walls of the planting pool are provided with a first drainage outlet along the upper edge of the planting layer, and the surface runoff observation component is connected to the upper part of the planting pool through the first drainage outlet.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second drainage outlet is provided at the bottom of the planting pool, and the infiltration water flow observation component is connected to the bottom of the planting pool through the drainage outlet. There are 5 second drainage outlets and they are evenly arranged in a cross shape.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation position of the water volume measuring instrument is lower than the water inlet end and the water discharge end.

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