Rotary cutter
By setting cooling channels and flow guides on the cutting head of the rotating tool, combining the guide slope and chip discharge groove, the problems of high thermal load and processing difficulty of the rotating tool during the cutting process are solved, achieving more efficient cooling and smoother processing process.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202323386639.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-12-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing rotary tools face problems of high mechanical load and high thermal load during cutting, especially the processing of cooling channels and their liquid discharge holes is difficult, which has failed to effectively solve the problem of high thermal load.
A rotating tool is designed, which provides a cooling channel at the cutting head, the coolant flow outlet is located on the end surface, and a flow guide is provided on the periphery of the flow guide. The flow guide is gradually recessed backward to extend the cooling liquid flow path, combined with the guidance Induce the inclined surface to direct the coolant to the processing inclined surface to ensure moderate cooling liquid flow rate, and improve processing smoothness and accuracy through chip drainage grooves and support inclined surfaces.
By directly setting the flow outlet and the guide portion on the end surface, the discharge of coolant is simplified, the flow path of coolant is increased, more effective cooling is achieved, high heat load is reduced, processing accuracy and smoothness are improved, and the Difficulty in processing.
Smart Images
Figure CN222268893U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of hole processing tools, in particular to a rotating tool. Background Art
[0002] During cutting operations with drills, but also with reamers, milling cutters, in particular end mills, step drills, deep hole drills or “face and face cutters”, a problem that generally exists is the high mechanical and thermal loads to which the cutting corners in these rotary tools are subjected simultaneously.
[0003] For example, taking the reamer as an example, in order to withstand the mechanical strength of a greater load, a PCD reamer with guide strips is designed. For example, a utility model patent with patent number CN202123251364.1 (publication number CN217452412U) discloses "A PCD reamer for valve core processing". A knife groove is provided on the knife head, a PCD reamer blade is welded on the knife groove, and a first layer of guide strips and a second layer of guide strips are respectively provided near and far from the PCD reamer blade for guiding and improving stability, and side edges are respectively provided on the first layer of guide strips and the second layer of guide strips to improve precision during processing.
[0004] However, the reamer still does not solve the problem of high heat load generated during the machining process. For this reason, people have designed a reamer with a cooling channel. For example, a utility model patent with patent number CN202223574671.8 (publication number CN219093850U) discloses "Internally cooled PCD spiral reamer for deep hole machining of aluminum alloy workpieces". The tail end face of the shank portion extends straight to the front of the reaming cutter head portion to provide a coolant channel, a first drainage hole is provided in the front portion of the reaming cutter head portion corresponding to the spiral chip groove, and a second drainage hole is provided in the middle portion of the reaming cutter head portion corresponding to each of the spiral chip grooves. The first drainage hole and the second drainage hole are both connected to the cooling channel and extend obliquely downward. However, the aperture of this drainage hole is small, which makes it more difficult during the machining process.
[0005] Therefore, how to provide a rotating tool with a cooling channel to eliminate high heat load, while making the cooling channel and its drainage holes easier to process, is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a rotary tool for convenient machining of a cooling channel and a drainage hole thereof in view of the above-mentioned existing technical status.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the above technical problems is: the rotary cutter comprises:
[0008] The tool body has a relative forward direction D defined therein. Fand backward direction D R The tool body is rotatable about the center axis B of the main body in a rotation direction R;
[0009] The tool body comprises:
[0010] A cutting head, wherein the cutting head has an end face extending radially outwardly along the central axis B of the main body, and has a roughing bevel or a finishing bevel at a cutting corner of the end face;
[0011] Features:
[0012] The cooling channel extends axially along the central axis B of the main body, includes an outflow port opened on the end surface for the coolant to flow out, and a guide portion is also provided on the end surface to guide the coolant to the rough-machined bevel and / or the fine-machined bevel, and the guide portion surrounds the outer periphery of the outflow port.
[0013] The guide part can be set to a variety of guide structures, such as a radial flow channel centered on the outlet or a plurality of circumferential guide structures extending radially. However, from the perspective of making the coolant longer and more around the outlet and simplifying the processing angle, it is preferred that the guide part extends from the forward direction D F To the backward direction D R When machining the guide part, it only needs to be processed along the forward direction D F To the backward direction D R Just gradually make it concave backwards.
[0014] In order to better guide the coolant to the roughing bevel or the finishing bevel, preferably, the end surface is further provided with a guide bevel between the cutting corner and the guide portion to gradually guide the coolant. Through the guiding effect of the guide bevel, the coolant flows in a preset direction and cools the roughing bevel or the finishing bevel.
[0015] In order to keep a suitable flow rate of the coolant on the guide bevel, preferably, the guide bevel is inclined at an angle of α relative to the central axis B of the main body, and 40°≤α≤70°. The slope of the guide bevel has an important influence on the flow rate of the coolant. When the inclined angle is less than 40°, the guide bevel will be too steep, causing the coolant flow rate to be too fast, thereby failing to fully cool the processing bevel; when the inclined angle is greater than 70°, the guide bevel will be too flat, causing the coolant flow rate to be too slow, thereby failing to timely cool the processing bevel that generates a high heat load. Setting the inclined angle to 40° to 70° can keep the coolant at a moderate flow rate.
[0016] In order to achieve smooth discharge of the accumulated chips, preferably, a chip removal groove for chip removal is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cutting head and the adjacent rough machining bevel surface or the fine machining bevel surface. During the machining process, the generated accumulated chips are smoothly discharged through the chip removal groove, so that no built-up edge is generated on the cutting head, and the smoothness of cutting the workpiece can be improved.
[0017] In order to avoid the tool vibration during the machining process, preferably, a support bevel is provided on the cutting head and the spacer between one or more chip removal grooves, and the support bevel has a rotating surface that rotates around the central axis B of the main body. The support bevel provides a supporting force for the machining bevel, thereby preventing the cutting edge from vibrating violently during the machining process and affecting the machining accuracy. At the same time, the support bevel is designed as a rotating surface, which will not interfere with the tool rotation machining process.
[0018] In order to enable the rotary tool to meet the workpiece processing requirements, preferably, the size ratio between the finishing bevel and the roughing bevel is between 1:25 and 1:50. The width of the roughing bevel is B1, and the width of the finishing bevel is B2. The width B1 of the roughing bevel is larger than the width B2 of the finishing bevel. The roughing bevel with a large bevel size can be used for preliminary roughing of the workpiece, and the finishing bevel with a small bevel size can be used for finishing of the workpiece.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the utility model are:
[0020] 1. The outflow port is directly set on the end face of the cutting head, which is simpler to process and reduces the difficulty of setting a drain hole for coolant discharge inside the tool body;
[0021] 2. A guide portion is arranged at the periphery of the outflow port, which is beneficial to processing and can make the coolant longer and surround more around the outflow port, and can also better guide the coolant to the rough machining bevel and / or the fine machining bevel;
[0022] 3. Finally, the entire cooling channel extends axially along the central axis of the main body, which enables the coolant to flow through a longer path in the tool body and cool it down faster. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rotary tool in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0024] Figure 2 The rotary tool in the embodiment of the utility model only shows a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the cutting head;
[0025] Figure 3 It is a left side view of the rotary tool in the embodiment of the utility model (viewed from the end face of the cutting head in the DR direction);
[0026] Figure 4 It is a transverse cross-sectional view of the rotary tool in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0027] Figure 5 It is a front view of the rotary cutter in the embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0029] like Figures 1 to 5 The rotary tool of this embodiment includes a tool body 1, which has a relative forward direction D F and backward direction D R The tool body 1 is a main body central axis B, and the tool body 1 can rotate around the main body central axis B in the rotation direction R. The tool body 1 includes a cutting head 2, and the cutting head 2 has an end face extending radially outward along the main body central axis B, and has a rough machining bevel or a fine machining bevel at the cutting corner of the end face. It also includes a cooling channel extending axially along the main body central axis B, and coolant is supplied in the cooling channel. The flow outlet of the coolant in the cooling channel is arranged on the end face of the cutting head 2, which makes processing more convenient. The end face is also provided with a guide part that can guide the coolant to the rough machining bevel and the fine machining bevel. The guide part surrounds the outer periphery of the flow outlet, so that the coolant is convenient to flow out from the flow outlet of the cooling channel, and then it is drained through the guide part to the machining bevel to cool the cutting edge, thereby eliminating the high-temperature heat load.
[0030] refer to Figure 2 A guide portion is arranged around the coolant outlet. The guide portion can be designed in various shapes, such as a radial flow channel centered on the outlet or a plurality of circumferential guide structures extending radially. In this embodiment, the guide portion preferably extends from the forward direction D F To the backward direction D R It is gradually concave backwards and connected to the outflow outlet of the cooling channel. After the cooling channel is supplied with coolant, the coolant will flow from the channel inlet to the outflow outlet. The concave design of the guide part reduces the coolant flow rate, and a large amount of coolant accumulates in the guide part.
[0031] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The end face of the cutting head 2 is also provided with a guiding bevel that gradually guides the coolant between the cutting corner and the guide portion. The inclined guiding bevel guides the coolant so that the coolant cools the processing bevel and the adjacent surface of the processing bevel along the set direction, thereby eliminating the high heat load generated by the cutting edge and the workpiece on the processing bevel and the heat transferred to the adjacent surface due to heat conduction. At this time, the coolant needs to maintain an appropriate flow rate on the guiding bevel. If the slope of the guiding bevel is too large, the inclination angle α relative to the central axis B of the main body is less than 40°. At this time, the speed of the coolant passing through the guiding bevel will be too fast, so that the cooling time of the coolant on the processing bevel is short and the cooling effect is insufficient; on the contrary, if the slope of the guiding bevel is too small, the inclination angle α relative to the central axis B of the main body is greater than 70°. At this time, the speed of the coolant passing through the guiding bevel will be too slow, so that the coolant does not cool the processing bevel in time and the cooling effect is poor. For this reason, the preferred inclination angle α of the guiding bevel relative to the central axis B of the main body in this embodiment is 67°.
[0032] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 A chip removal groove 5 for chip removal is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cutting head 2 and the adjacent roughing inclined surface or finishing inclined surface. The chip removal groove 5 is formed on the cutting head D R The end of the cutting direction is right-handed with a helix angle of 15° and extends into the tool handle. When the tool rotates at high speed, the accumulated chips can be discharged smoothly from the spiral groove at the tail along the chip groove 5. A support bevel 6 is provided on the interval between the cutting head 2 and the chip groove 5. The support bevel 6 can fix and support the processing bevel to prevent the processing bevel from vibrating during high-speed operation, thereby affecting the processing accuracy requirements of the workpiece. At the same time, in order to meet the requirements of fine processing and rough processing of different workpieces, the blade widths of the rough processing bevel and the fine processing bevel are different. The width B1 of the rough processing bevel is usually wider than the width B2 of the fine processing bevel. The wider rough processing bevel is used for rough processing of the workpiece, and the narrower fine processing bevel is used for fine processing of the workpiece. In this embodiment, the preferred size ratio between the width B2 of the fine processing bevel and the width B1 of the rough processing bevel is 1:30.
[0033] The rough machining bevel and the fine machining bevel in the cutting head 2 of the rotary tool can be symmetrically arranged in the same number, and the sum of the two numbers is four, six or eight. This embodiment is explained by taking four as an example. Correspondingly, in order to improve the cooling effect of the coolant, the number of cooling channels is set to two, namely the first cooling channel 3′ and the second cooling channel 3″, and the flow outlet is divided into a first flow outlet 31′ corresponding to the first cooling channel 3′ and a second flow outlet 31″ corresponding to the second cooling channel 3″. A first guide portion 4′ is arranged around the outer periphery of the first flow outlet 31′. The first guide portion 4′ is connected to the first guide bevel 41a and the second guide bevel 41b, and is responsible for cooling the first rough machining bevel 21′ and the first fine machining bevel 22′ respectively. A second guide portion 4″ is arranged around the outer periphery of the second flow outlet 31″. The second guide portion 4″ is connected to the third guide bevel 41c and the fourth guide bevel 41d, and is responsible for cooling the second rough machining bevel 21″ and the second fine machining bevel 22″ respectively. Next, the working process of the rotary tool is explained by taking the first cooling channel 3' as an example. During the machining process, the tool holder of the tool body 1 is clamped by the machine and is in a high-speed rotating state. The first rough machining bevel 21' and the second rough machining bevel 21" of the cutting head 2 can perform preliminary rough machining on the workpiece, and then the first fine machining bevel 22' and the second fine machining bevel 22" can be used to finely machine the workpiece. During the machining process, a large amount of heat will be generated between the workpiece and the machining bevels. At this time, it is necessary to supply coolant from the inlet of the cooling channel. The coolant will flow from the inlet to the first outlet 31' of the first cooling channel 3', and accumulate in large quantities at the first guide portion 4'. At this time, the coolant will be divided into two branches, one of which has coolant flowing along the first guide bevel 41a to the first rough machining bevel 21' and cool it down. The other branch of coolant will flow along the second guide bevel 41b to cool down the first fine machining bevel 22', thereby eliminating the high heat load generated by each machining bevel and the workpiece during the machining process.
Claims
1. A rotary tool comprising: The tool body (1) has a defined relative forward direction (D F ) and backward direction (D R ), and the tool body (1) is rotatable around the main body center axis (B) in a rotation direction (R); The tool body (1) comprises: A cutting head (2), the cutting head (2) having an end face extending radially outwardly along the central axis (B) of the main body, and having a roughing bevel (21'; 21") or a finishing bevel (22'; 22") at the cutting corner of the end face; Features: A cooling channel (3'; 3") extends axially along the central axis (B) of the main body, comprises an outflow port (31'; 31") opened on the end surface for the outflow of cooling liquid, and a guide portion (4'; 4") capable of guiding the cooling liquid to the rough machining bevel (21'; 21") and / or the fine machining bevel (22'; 22") is also arranged on the end surface, and the guide portion (4'; 4") surrounds the outer periphery of the outflow port (31'; 31").
2. The rotary tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide portion (4'; 4") is directed from the forward direction (D F ) to the backward direction (D R ) gradually becomes concave backwards.
3. The rotary tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end surface is also provided with a guide slope (41a; 41b; 41c; 41d) for gradually guiding the coolant between the cutting corner and the guide portion (4'; 4") 4. The rotary tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide slope (41a; 41b; 41c; 41d) is inclined at an inclination angle of α relative to the central axis (B) of the main body, and 40°≤α≤70°.
5. The rotary cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A chip removal groove (5) for chip removal is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cutting head (2) and the adjacent rough machining bevel (21'; 21") or the fine machining bevel (22'; 22") 6. The rotary tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: A supporting inclined surface (6) is provided on the spacing portion between the cutting head (2) and one or more chip removal grooves (5), and the supporting inclined surface (6) has a rotating surface rotating around the central axis (B) of the main body.
7. The rotary cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The size ratio between the fine processing bevel (22'; 22") and the rough processing bevel (21'; 21") is between 1:25 and 1:50.