Lithium battery protection plate and protection device

Abstract

The utility model provides a lithium battery protection plate and a protection device. The lithium battery protection plate comprises a substrate, a first functional region and a second functional region, wherein the first functional region and the second functional region are arranged adjacently; the first functional area comprises an equalization module and a main control module which are superposed; the second functional area comprises a power module and a heat dissipation module which are stacked, and the heat dissipation module is located between the power module and the substrate. The main control module and the power module are arranged in two different functional areas through partitioning, the main control module and the balancing module are stacked in the same functional area, the heat dissipation module is configured to downwards transfer heat generated by the power module to the heat dissipation module, and the heat is released through the substrate, so that adverse effects of the heat on adjacent modules are avoided, and the service life of the power module is prolonged. The protection plate under the layout does not generate local abnormal heating, and is especially suitable for heat conduction and heat dissipation of a high-power protection plate. According to the lithium battery protection device provided by the invention, the shell is arranged and a sealing structure is formed, so that good waterproof and dustproof effects are achieved, and the service life of the lithium battery protection plate is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a lithium battery protection board and a protection device. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries are increasingly used as energy supply components in various electrical equipment to replace lead-acid batteries due to their advantages such as light weight, long cycle life, large discharge current, energy saving and environmental protection.

[0003] However, compared with existing lead-acid batteries, the use conditions and environment of lithium batteries are more stringent. It is necessary to maintain its operating temperature, voltage and charge and discharge current within a certain range to ensure its safe and reliable long-term operation and avoid the capacity loss, shortened life, electrolyte damage and other safety risks of lithium batteries during use. Therefore, it is necessary to equip it with a corresponding protection board to ensure its use status. The lithium battery protection board is a protection circuit board for lithium-ion batteries, also known as BMS (Battery Management System). It is mainly used to monitor, protect and manage the working status of lithium-ion batteries to ensure that the battery operates under safe, stable and efficient conditions. In high-power equipment, the operating current of lithium batteries ranges from tens to hundreds of amperes. During its use, there are usually different problems such as overheating of the protection board and poor sealing of the protection board, which brings great safety hazards.

[0004] Therefore, when designing and selecting a lithium battery protection solution, it is necessary to focus on its heat dissipation performance, sealing performance, and thermal interference of the control unit and power unit for optimization design, and to provide a lithium battery protection technology solution that solves the above-mentioned existing difficult problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above, the purpose of the present application is to provide a lithium battery protection board and a protection device to solve one or more problems in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a lithium battery protection board, comprising at least:

[0007] A substrate, wherein the substrate is configured to have two functional areas with independent positions, the functional areas comprising a first functional area and a second functional area arranged adjacently; wherein,

[0008] The first functional area includes a stacked balancing module and a main control module;

[0009] The second functional area includes a stacked power module and a heat dissipation module, and the heat dissipation module is located between the power module and the substrate.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first functional area and the second functional area are arranged in parallel, and the distance between the first functional area and the second functional area is 4 mm to 12 mm.

[0011] In one embodiment, the orthographic projection of the power module in the heat dissipation module falls within the coverage area of ​​the heat dissipation module.

[0012] In one embodiment, there is a gap between the power module and the heat dissipation module, and the gap height is 5 mm to 9 mm.

[0013] In one embodiment, there is a gap between the main control module and the balancing module, and the gap height is 5 mm to 9 mm.

[0014] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation module includes an aluminum substrate, a MOS element is disposed on the upper surface of the aluminum substrate, and a pin of the MOS element is connected upward and passes through the power module.

[0015] In one embodiment, the power module further includes an overload copper bar.

[0016] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation module and the power module, as well as the main control module and the balancing module are positioned by bolt connection.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application provides a lithium battery protection device, which includes a lithium battery protection board and a shell arranged on the lithium battery protection board, and the lithium battery protection board is any of the lithium battery protection boards described in the above technical solutions.

[0018] In one embodiment, a continuous annular groove is provided on the edge of the upper surface of the substrate, and the shell and the substrate are engaged and connected through the groove to achieve sealing of the lithium battery protection plate.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, the lithium battery protection board is configured to have two functional areas with independent positional relationship, so that the main control module and the power module are respectively arranged in two different functional areas, the main control module and the balancing module are stacked in the same functional area, and a heat dissipation module is arranged in the functional area where the power module is located, so as to transfer the Joule heat generated by the MOS carrying current in the power module downward to the heat dissipation module, and release the heat through the substrate, thereby avoiding the adverse effect of the heat on the adjacent main control module and the balancing module to a large extent. The protection board under this layout will not have local abnormal heating, which indirectly improves the life of components and devices, and is particularly suitable for the heat conduction and heat dissipation problem of high-power protection boards.

[0021] In addition, the lithium battery protection device provided by the present application, by setting a shell on the lithium battery protection board and forming a sealing structure, the components of each module are always in a closed space, effectively isolating the board from interference from external factors such as water vapor, particles and artificial static electricity, achieving a waterproof and dustproof effect, and extending the service life and safety of the lithium battery protection board. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery protection board in the prior art;

[0023] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of the lithium battery protection board provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the lithium battery protection board provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the lithium battery protection board provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the structure explosion of the lithium battery protection device provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 Shown is the overall structural diagram of the lithium battery protection device provided in Example 2 of the present application.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 1 Bottom plate

[0030] 2 Power Unit

[0031] 3 Main control unit

[0032] 4 Equalization Unit

[0033] 100 substrates

[0034] 110 Grooves

[0035] 200 Power Module

[0036] 210 Overload Copper Bar

[0037] 300 Cooling Module

[0038] 400 Main Control Module

[0039] 500 Balance Module

[0040] 600 Housing DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In the early days, lithium batteries were mostly used in low-power electronic devices such as headphones, watches and mobile phones. With the breakthrough of lithium battery raw material technology, the improvement of production technology and the requirements of the national "dual carbon" goal, lithium batteries are now increasingly used in two- and three-wheeled electric vehicles, electric vehicles, base station energy storage and other scenarios. Lithium battery protection boards play a key role in the application of lithium batteries, and can provide battery safety, stability and life expectancy. In high-power equipment, the operating current of lithium batteries ranges from tens to hundreds of amperes. During their use, different problems such as overheating of the protection board and poor sealing of the protection board usually occur, which brings great safety hazards. Figure 1 It shows a schematic diagram of a common lithium battery protection board currently on the market, which includes a base plate 1, a power unit 2, a main control unit 3 and a balancing unit 4. The material of the base plate 1 is usually epoxy glass fiber cloth substrate FR-4, which has a thermal conductivity of 0.35W / mk and relatively poor thermal conductivity; the power MOS of the power unit 2 is fixed to the base plate 1 by soldering, and most of the heat generated by the MOS overcurrent is transferred downward to the base plate 1, and the base plate 1 is difficult to quickly transfer and dissipate the heat, resulting in heat accumulation, which causes additional temperature rise of the MOS and poor MOS performance, thereby affecting the life of the MOS; the electrical control components of the main control unit 3 are also fixed to the base plate 1 by soldering to control the disconnection and output and input performance of the MOS; the balancing unit 4 set on the base plate 1 coordinates overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent and short-circuit protection.

[0042] The defect of the above lithium battery protection board is that the power unit 2 and the main control unit 3 are not separated. The heat generated by the power MOS is easily transferred to the electrical components of the main control unit 3, causing the components of the main control unit 3 to be inactively and abnormally heated locally. This influence will cause the main control unit 3 to misjudge the temperature, and then cause abnormal feedback. Secondly, the local abnormal heating of the main control unit 3 will affect the life of its components, thereby causing poor use of the entire product and shortening its service life. In addition, Figure 1 The bottom plate 1, power unit 2, main control unit 3 and balancing unit 4 of the above-mentioned lithium battery protection board are in direct contact with the air, and no sealed environment is formed. The protection board is easily affected by external factors such as water vapor, particles and artificial static electricity, which may damage the device and lead to poor product performance.

[0043] Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned practical problems, the present application provides a lithium battery protection board and a protection device, focusing on the heat dissipation performance, sealing performance of the lithium battery protection board, and the thermal interference of the control unit and the power unit, and optimizing the design. The technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail below through Examples 1 to 2 in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and functions of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application.

[0044] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only used to illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Therefore, the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] See also Figures 2 to 4 This embodiment provides a lithium battery protection board, which at least includes:

[0047] The substrate 100 is configured to have two functional areas with independent positional relationship, and the two functional areas are respectively a first functional area and a second functional area arranged adjacent to each other; for the convenience of description, in this embodiment, the position direction of the first functional area is defined as the left side of the substrate, and the position direction of the second functional area is defined as the right side of the substrate; along the stacking direction of different modules, the side close to the substrate is the bottom, and the side away from the substrate is the top.

[0048] The first functional area includes a stacked balancing module 500 and a main control module 400; specifically, during the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery, the balancing module 500 is used to monitor the voltage of the battery cells, and ensure that the voltage of each battery cell is maintained in a relatively balanced state by adjusting the current, thereby preventing problems caused by battery voltage differences, such as overcharging, over-discharging, and short circuits, so as to protect the circuit; the upper surface of the main control module 400 is provided with electrical control elements to control the opening and closing of the MOS, control the output and input performance, and prevent damage to the battery and other electronic equipment.

[0049] The second functional area includes a stacked power module 200 and a heat dissipation module 300, and the heat dissipation module 300 is located between the power module 200 and the substrate 100; specifically, the main function of the power module 200 is to carry current, and a large amount of heat will be generated during its operation. This heat is effectively conducted to the substrate 100 or the external space via the heat dissipation module 300 below, thereby preventing the operating temperature of the power module 200 from continuously rising and causing long-term damage to components; the heat dissipation module 300 is in direct contact with the substrate 100 for heat conduction, thereby achieving a more efficient heat dissipation effect.

[0050] By adopting the above technical solution, the lithium battery protection board is configured to have two functional areas with independent positional relationship, so that the main control module 400 and the power module 200 are respectively arranged in two different functional areas, the main control module 400 and the balancing module 500 are stacked in the same functional area, and the heat dissipation module 300 is configured in the functional area where the power module 200 is located, so as to transfer the Joule heat generated by the MOS carrying current in the power module 200 downward to the heat dissipation module 300, and release the heat through the substrate 100, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of the heat on the adjacent main control module 400 and the balancing module 500 to a large extent. The protection board under this layout will not have local abnormal heating, which indirectly improves the life of components and is particularly suitable for the heat conduction and heat dissipation problems of high-power protection boards.

[0051] It is understandable that the above-mentioned different functional modules can be obtained by combining and converting hardware modules (including hardware modules with built-in computer programs) that are already mature technologies, and the computer programs required for optimizing the module connection method only involve the configuration of conventional algorithms, and there is no need to improve the execution method itself. The power module 200, the heat dissipation module 300, the balancing module 400 and the main control module 500 are generally considered to be the basic conventional components of the lithium battery protection board in this field, so their specific execution methods and control principles are not described in detail here.

[0052] In one embodiment, see Figures 2 to 4 , the first functional area is arranged in parallel with the second functional area. It can be understood that the components of the first functional area and the second functional area have regular shapes, and usually have rectangular or rectangular edge shapes. Therefore, the first functional area and the second functional area are arranged in parallel, that is, there is a spacing of equal width between the first functional area and the second functional area, and the spacing is 4mm to 12mm. Under reasonable layout, good heat dissipation can be achieved while minimizing the overall occupied area of ​​each module. As an example, the spacing between the first functional area and the second functional area can be 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm or 12mm. Furthermore, the spacing between the first functional area and the second functional area is 8mm to achieve the optimal structural layout and heat dissipation effect of the lithium battery protection unit.

[0053] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 , the orthographic projection of the power module 200 on the heat dissipation module 300 falls within the coverage of the heat dissipation module 300. That is, the power module 200 can have the same size as the heat dissipation module 300 and the power module 200 is located directly above the heat dissipation module 300, or the size of the power module 200 is smaller than the size of the heat dissipation module 300, so as to provide sufficient heat dissipation area and achieve a good heat transfer effect. As an example, the heat dissipation module 300 and the power module 200 have the same size in the vertical space and are arranged to overlap.

[0054] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 , the power module 200 of the second functional area and the heat dissipation module 300 have a gap, and the gap height is 5mm to 9mm. As an example, the gap can be 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm or 9mm. Further, the gap between the power module 200 and the heat dissipation module 300 is 7mm, so as to provide a better heat dissipation path and heat dissipation distance for the heat generated by the power module 200.

[0055] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 , the main control module 400 and the balancing module 500 of the first functional area also have a gap, and the gap height is 5mm to 9mm. As an example, the gap can be 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm or 9mm. Further, the gap between the main control module 400 and the balancing module 500 is 7mm. Further, the gap between the main control module 400 and the balancing module 500 is equal to the gap between the power module 200 and the heat dissipation module 300, while achieving a good heat dissipation effect, taking into account the height and assembly size requirements of the lithium battery protection board, optimizing the layout to achieve reasonable use of space.

[0056] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation module 300 includes an aluminum substrate, and a MOS element is disposed on the upper surface of the aluminum substrate, and the pins of the MOS element are connected upward and pass through the power module 200. Specifically, the MOS element on the upper surface of the aluminum substrate passes through the power board of the upper power module 200 through the pin bending, and is connected by soldering. The power module 200 and the aluminum substrate are fastened by mechanical connection. An overload copper bar 210 is disposed on the upper surface of the power module 200, and the overload copper bar 210 is distributed as evenly as possible on the upper surface of the power module 200, further improving the overcurrent capacity. The Joule heat generated by the MOS carrying current of the power module 200 is transferred downward to the aluminum substrate. As an example, the aluminum substrate uses a plate with a thermal conductivity of 10W / mk, which has a high thermal conductivity efficiency, and the heat is then transferred to the substrate 100. As an example, the substrate 100 uses a plate with a thermal conductivity of 180W / mk, which further improves the heat dissipation capacity, dissipates the heat transferred by the heat dissipation plate to the external space in a relatively short time, and maintains the lithium battery protection board in a safe operating temperature range. At the same time, the heat generated by the second functional area is at a certain distance from the first functional area and most of the heat is dissipated by the heat dissipation module 300 and the substrate 100 under the power module 200. Therefore, the impact on the main control module 400 and the balancing module 500 is very small, and local abnormal heating of the lithium battery protection board will not occur, which indirectly improves the life of components.

[0057] In one embodiment, see Figures 2 to 4 The heat dissipation module 300 and the power module 200, as well as the main control module 400 and the balancing module 500 are all connected and positioned by bolts. Furthermore, there is a heat conduction layer between the heat dissipation module 300 and the substrate 100. The heat conduction layer is a thermal conductive silicone grease material, which has high thermal conductivity, excellent thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation, and can effectively reduce contact thermal resistance and increase thermal conductivity. Furthermore, there is also a heat conduction layer filled with thermal conductive silicone grease material between the main control module 400 and the substrate 100.

[0058] In the above embodiment, the stacking order of the balancing module 500 and the main control module 400 stacked in the first functional area can be changed. Figures 2 to 4 The layout mode in which the balancing module 500 is located above the main control module 400 is shown. The layout mode in which the balancing module 500 is arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 100 and is in direct contact with the substrate 100 (not shown in the figure) can also be adopted. The main control module 400 is arranged above the balancing module 500 and has a gap between it and the balancing module 500. For other connection modes and structural parameters of the balancing module 500 and the main control module 400, please refer to the above embodiment. The design principle is that the main control module 400 and the power module 200 have a heat dissipation gap in the horizontal direction and the temperature of the power module 200 can be derived through the heat dissipation module 300. A relatively better arrangement mode can be selected according to the design of the components on the main control module 400 and the occupied space, which will not be described in detail here.

[0059] Embodiment 2:

[0060] See also Figure 2 , Figures 5-6 The present application also provides a lithium battery protection device, which includes a lithium battery protection board and a shell 600 arranged on the lithium battery protection board. The lithium battery protection board is the lithium battery protection board provided in Example 1.

[0061] In one embodiment, a continuous annular groove 110 is provided on the edge of the upper surface of the substrate 100, and the housing 600 and the substrate 100 are engaged and connected through the groove 110 to achieve the sealing of the lithium battery protection board. Furthermore, after the housing 600 and the substrate 100 are engaged, they are also fastened by bolts to enhance the sealing performance of the lithium battery protection board.

[0062] The lithium battery protection device provided in this embodiment sets a shell 600 on the lithium battery protection board to form a sealing structure, so that the components of each module are always in a closed space, effectively isolating the board from external factors such as water vapor, particles and artificial static electricity. The lithium battery protection device provided in this embodiment can achieve the IP54 dust and water resistance level through actual measurement, and has an effective waterproof and dustproof effect, thereby extending the service life and safety of the lithium battery protection board.

[0063] In summary, the technical solution of the present application provides a lithium battery protection board and a protection device. By configuring the lithium battery protection board to have two functional areas with independent positional relationships, the main control module and the power module are respectively arranged in two different functional areas, the main control module and the balancing module are stacked in the same functional area, and a heat dissipation module is arranged in the functional area where the power module is located, so as to transfer the Joule heat generated by the MOS carrying current in the power module downward to the heat dissipation module, and release the heat through the substrate, thereby largely avoiding the adverse effects of the heat on the adjacent main control module and the balancing module. The protection board under this layout will not have local abnormal heating, which indirectly improves the life of the components, and is particularly suitable for the heat conduction and heat dissipation of high-power protection boards; the lithium battery protection device provided by the present application is provided with a shell on the lithium battery protection board and forms a sealing structure, so that the components of each module are always in a closed space, effectively isolating the interference of external factors such as water vapor, particles and artificial static electricity on the board, achieving the effect of waterproof and dustproof, and extending the service life and use safety of the lithium battery protection board. The technical solution provided by the present application has a high industrial utilization value because it effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art.

[0064] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Anyone familiar with the technology may modify or change the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present application shall still be covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A lithium battery protection board, characterized in that: At least: A substrate, wherein the substrate is configured to have two functional areas with independent positions, the functional areas comprising a first functional area and a second functional area arranged adjacently; wherein, The first functional area includes a stacked balancing module and a main control module; The second functional area includes a stacked power module and a heat dissipation module, and the heat dissipation module is located between the power module and the substrate.

2. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first functional area is arranged in parallel with the second functional area, and the distance between the first functional area and the second functional area is 4 mm to 12 mm.

3. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the power module on the heat dissipation module falls within the coverage area of ​​the heat dissipation module.

4. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the power module and the heat dissipation module, and the height of the gap is 5 mm to 9 mm.

5. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the main control module and the balancing module, and the height of the gap is 5 mm to 9 mm.

6. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation module comprises an aluminum substrate, a MOS element is arranged on the upper surface of the aluminum substrate, and pins of the MOS element are connected upward and pass through the power module.

7. The lithium battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module further comprises an overload copper bar.

8. The lithium battery protection board according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The heat dissipation module and the power module, as well as the main control module and the balancing module are connected and positioned by bolts.

9. A lithium battery protection device, characterized in that: It comprises a lithium battery protection board and a shell arranged on the lithium battery protection board, and the lithium battery protection board is the lithium battery protection board according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The lithium battery protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A continuous annular groove is arranged on the edge of the upper surface of the substrate, and the shell and the substrate are connected by being engaged with each other through the groove to achieve sealing of the lithium battery protection plate.

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