Flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering, and discloses a flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex topographic conditions, the flexible ecological drainage ditch comprises an earthwork groove, a flexible material, a rigid fixing assembly and a vegetation layer, the flexible material is laid in the earthwork groove, the rigid fixing assembly is used for fixing the flexible material, and the vegetation layer is arranged in the earthwork groove. And the vegetation layer is arranged on the surface layer of the flexible material. The mine ecological restoration device is suitable for various sites for mine ecological restoration, particularly suitable for slag piling sites and small-range irregular terrains, and under the condition that the drainage function is guaranteed, the ecological effect is considered, and the mine ecological restoration device is low in cost, easy to construct, good in deformation resistance and easy to maintain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of construction engineering, and in particular relates to a flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for ecological restoration of mines under complex terrain conditions. Background Art

[0002] Affected by mining production activities, mining areas usually have extremely complex ecological and environmental problems. The high and steep slopes and waste dumps are very likely to cause geological disasters, soil erosion, and soil pollution under the action of atmospheric precipitation. Therefore, interception and drainage projects are an important part of mine ecological restoration. In the current engineering design, mortar masonry and concrete interception and drainage ditches are mostly used. Not only are the engineering costs high and the materials are less environmentally friendly, but they are also easily affected by uneven settlement and precipitation erosion at the slag dump site, forming local cracks, dislocations, and erosion, resulting in the loss of drainage function, or due to changes in terrain, the slope water cannot be discharged from the drainage ditch. At the same time, the overall ecological effect of hard materials such as mortar masonry and concrete is poor.

[0003] A patent document with publication number CN114753385A discloses "a flexible ecological support structure for an expansive soil slope and a construction method", the structure of which includes a vegetation protection mat, anchor rods, U-shaped nails, intercepting / drainage ditches and slope protection vegetation. The vegetation protection mat is laid flat on the surface of the expansive soil slope and fits the soil body, and its edge portion is buried in the bottom of the intercepting / drainage ditch. The anchor rods are arranged in a rectangular grid in the vegetation protection mat. The U-shaped nails are used to fix the vegetation protection mat between the anchor rods and at the edge of the intercepting / drainage ditch. The vegetation protection mat is fixed at the bottom of the intercepting / drainage ditch, and an intercepting / drainage ditch is made at the upper part according to the designed depth. The intercepting / drainage ditch is connected to the drainage system, and the intercepting / drainage ditch is arranged at the outer edge of the slope protection. The slope protection vegetation is densely planted in the three-dimensional grid space of the vegetation protection mat. This application lays a vegetation protection mat on the expansive soil slope, fixes the vegetation protection mat with anchor rods, and then plants vegetation in it to form an ecological protection layer to improve the overall stability of the slope. However, in the extremely complex ecological environment of the mining area, this application has a major problem: since there are several grids on the vegetation protection mat, when encountering precipitation conditions, water can easily leak from the grids on the vegetation protection mat and enter the soil layer below, causing the slope to slip, deform, and collapse. The uneven settlement of the loose slag area causes the drainage ditch to crack and deform, resulting in a reduction or loss of drainage function. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions. It is suitable for various sites for mine ecological restoration, especially for slag sites and small-scale irregular terrain. While ensuring the drainage function, it takes into account the ecological effect and has low cost, simple construction, good deformation resistance and easy maintenance.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is a flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions, including an earthwork groove, a flexible material, a rigid fixing component and a vegetation layer. The flexible material is laid in the earthwork groove, the rigid fixing component is used to fix the flexible material, and the vegetation layer is arranged on the surface of the flexible material.

[0006] Furthermore, the flexible material is laid in an earthwork trench, with its bottom and two sides being flush with the trench, and the top being back-pressed toward both sides of the trench, with a back-pressure width of not less than 0.2 m.

[0007] Furthermore, the flexible material comprises an anti-seepage layer and an anti-slip layer, the anti-slip layer is arranged on the anti-seepage layer, and the vegetation layer is arranged on the anti-slip layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the rigid fixing assembly includes a plurality of anchor rods, and the plurality of anchor rods are arranged on both sides of the top of the earthwork trench to anchor the flexible material.

[0009] Furthermore, the anchor rods are inserted into the soil to a depth of not less than 20 cm and are arranged at intervals of 1 m.

[0010] Furthermore, the vegetation layer includes a mixture of soil, organic materials and grass seeds.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0012] 1. The flexible ecological drainage ditch proposed by the utility model has a simple construction process and low engineering cost. It is not restricted by the construction of masonry materials such as concrete and mortar masonry. It can be laid in any shape according to site conditions. It is suitable for various sites, has strong adaptability to terrain conditions, has good deformation resistance, and is easy to maintain.

[0013] 2. The use of flexible materials avoids erosion by precipitation and uneven settlement of loose slag areas, which causes cracking and deformation of drainage ditches, leading to reduction or loss of drainage function;

[0014] 3. After the trench is laid, the flexible material is reinforced by rigid fixing measures to ensure structural stability and drainage effectiveness;

[0015] 4. By sowing grass seeds on the surface of the flexible material, a certain degree of vegetation restoration can be carried out to enhance the ecological landscape effect of the drainage ditch and achieve the goal of mine ecological restoration;

[0016] 5. The development of small herbaceous plants in the ditch can slow down the scouring of water in the ditch under steep slope conditions, absorb and utilize local water accumulation in the ditch, and facilitate drainage of the drainage ditch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the flexible material of the utility model;

[0019] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1. earthwork trench; 2. flexible material; 3. vegetation layer; 4. anchor rod; 5. water-facing slope; 6. anti-seepage layer; 7. anti-slip layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer and more understandable, the technical solution of the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] The complex terrain conditions described in the present invention refer to areas in mine ecological restoration projects where the local site shape is irregular, the terrain slope varies greatly, and the overall catchment area is small.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the utility model provides a flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions, including an earthwork groove 1, a flexible material 2, a rigid fixing component and a vegetation layer 3. The flexible material 2 is laid in the earthwork groove 1, the rigid fixing component is used to fix the flexible material 2, the vegetation layer 3 is arranged on the surface of the flexible material 2, and the rigid fixing component includes a plurality of anchor rods 4, which are arranged on both sides of the top of the earthwork groove 1 to anchor the flexible material 2.

[0023] The flexible material 2 includes an anti-seepage layer 6 and an anti-skid layer 7, the anti-skid layer 7 is arranged on the anti-seepage layer 6, and the vegetation layer 3 is arranged on the anti-skid layer 7. After the flexible material 2 is laid, the anti-seepage layer 6 contacts the earthwork trench 1, plays a role of waterproofing and anti-seepage, and prevents water from penetrating into the earthwork trench 1 and causing collapse. The anti-skid layer 7 can increase the friction with the soil in the vegetation layer 3, and to a certain extent prevent the soil from being lost with the water flow.

[0024] The construction process of the flexible ecological drainage ditch recorded in this utility model is:

[0025] 1. Calculate the flow rate according to the precipitation conditions and catchment area of ​​the site, and design the size of the intercepting drainage ditch according to the calculated flow rate to meet the standard flow rate and flow velocity requirements. The flexible ecological drainage ditch of this utility model is mainly used in complex site conditions of mines, and the preferred size range is within 0.5m in width and within 0.5m in depth;

[0026] 2. According to the design of the intercepting drainage ditch, the earthwork trench 1 can be excavated directly according to the designed size, and the earthwork at the bottom and both sides of the excavated foundation trench shall be compacted. If the bottom is a site with sharp rocks, the ditch bottom and both sides shall be backfilled and compacted to ensure the smoothness of the ditch bottom and both sides; for special site areas, necessary foundation treatment shall be carried out according to the properties of the bottom rock and soil, and a drainage slope shall be set on one side of the water-facing slope 5 at the top of the slope to ensure the confluence of both sides of the ditch;

[0027] 3. Lay the flexible material 2 in the earthwork trench 1, with the bottom and both sides matching the trench and making it level, and apply back pressure to both sides of the trench from the top, with the back pressure width not less than 0.2m;

[0028] 4. After the flexible material 2 is laid, anchor rods 4 are used to anchor the flexible material 2 on both sides of the top of the trench, with a depth of not less than 20 cm in the soil (rock) and an arrangement spacing of 1 m;

[0029] 5. After the flexible material 2 is laid and anchored, a mixture of soil, organic fertilizer and grass seeds is evenly spread on the inner surface and both sides of the trench to form a vegetation layer 3.

[0030] The flexible material 2 includes but is not limited to cement blankets, bentonite waterproof blankets and other flexible materials with waterproof functions. According to site conditions, it is necessary to meet certain resistance and strength requirements to prevent local cracking and damage of the flexible material 2. Cement blankets, HDPE films, etc. with anti-seepage, sun protection and anti-aging properties can be selected.

[0031] The upper surface of the flexible material 2 is a rough surface (anti-slip layer 7). When a mixture of soil, organic fertilizer and grass seeds is spread on the flexible material 2 to form a vegetation layer 3, the rough surface can prevent soil loss to a certain extent and extend the maintenance cycle.

[0032] On the one hand, the flexible material 2 is used to support the vegetation layer 3, and on the other hand, it can form an impermeable layer to prevent water from seeping into the soil layer of the earthwork trench 1 when encountering precipitation and other conditions, causing deformation and collapse, and to prevent uneven settlement of loose slag areas from causing cracks and deformation of the drainage ditch, resulting in a reduction or loss of drainage function.

[0033] Preferably, the anchor rod 4 has a specification of at least

[0034] Vegetation layer 3 includes a mixture of soil, organic materials, and grass seeds, wherein the soil used for planting is selected from planting soil that complies with the "Standard Greening Planting Soil for Urban Construction Industry of the People's Republic of China" (CJ / T340-2016), and the organic materials include organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, and other organic mixtures that are beneficial to vegetation development. The grass seeds are selected from local dominant grass species in the treatment area. The preferred grass seeds are local dominant, hardy, and fast-growing low-growing grass and flower vegetation around the site, such as perennial ryegrass, dogtooth grass, tall fescue, pennisetum, and sweet chrysanthemum.

[0035] Here are two examples of drainage ditch construction:

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Taking the top slope area of ​​an open-pit stone mine as an example, the flexible ecological drainage ditch has a trapezoidal cross-section, with a bottom width of 0.3m, a top width of 0.5m, and a height of 0.2m. Bentonite waterproof blanket is laid in the ditch, and the two sides of the ditch are arranged longitudinally. Anchor rods are used to reinforce the waterproof blanket. The anchor rods are 1m apart and 20cm long. After laying, a mixture of planting soil, organic matter and grass seeds is spread on the surface of the channel. The grass seeds used are Bermuda grass, Pennisetum, Croton dung bean, white clover and wild chrysanthemum, and the ratio of grass seeds is 1:1:1:1:1.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Taking an open-pit metal mining area as an example, the flexible ecological drainage ditch has a trapezoidal cross-section, with a bottom width of 0.3m, a top width of 0.9m, and a height of 0.3m. Bentonite waterproof blanket is laid in the ditch, and the two sides of the ditch are arranged longitudinally. Anchor rods are used to reinforce the waterproof blanket. The anchor rods are 2m apart and 20cm long. After laying, a mixture of planting soil, organic matter and grass seeds is spread on the surface of the channel. The amount of grass seeds is 20g / m2. The grass seeds used are tall fescue, bermudagrass, alfalfa, crotalaria, and wild chrysanthemum. The ratio of grass seeds is 1:1:1:1:1.

[0040] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions, characterized in that: The invention comprises an earthwork trench, a flexible material, a rigid fixing component and a vegetation layer. The flexible material is laid in the earthwork trench, the rigid fixing component is used to fix the flexible material, and the vegetation layer is arranged on the surface of the flexible material.

2. The flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom and both sides of the flexible material are aligned and level with the groove, and the top is subjected to back pressure on both sides of the groove, and the back pressure width is not less than 0.2m.

3. The flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flexible material comprises an anti-seepage layer and an anti-slip layer, wherein the anti-slip layer is arranged on the anti-seepage layer, and the vegetation layer is arranged on the anti-slip layer.

4. The flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rigid fixing assembly includes a plurality of anchor rods, and the plurality of anchor rods are arranged on both sides of the top of the earthwork trench to anchor the flexible material.

5. The flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The anchor rods are inserted into the soil to a depth of no less than 20 cm and are arranged at a spacing of 1 m.

6. The flexible ecological drainage ditch suitable for mine ecological restoration under complex terrain conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vegetation layer includes a mixture of soil, organic materials and grass seeds.

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