Main shaft front end protection structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a main shaft front end protection structure, which belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool equipment, and comprises a main shaft provided with a first ring groove; the end cover is provided with a concave cavity and fixedly sleeved at the front end of the main shaft through the concave cavity; a first cavity is formed in the first ring groove; a second ring groove is formed in the concave cavity, and a second cavity is formed in the second ring groove; a first gap and a second gap are further formed between the concave cavity wall and the surface of the main shaft, the first gap is located between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the second gap is located between the second cavity and the external environment; the width of the second cavity is larger than that of the first gap and that of the second gap. The end cover is arranged at the front end of the main shaft in a sleeved mode, the concave cavity wall is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the main shaft, and a labyrinth sealing channel formed by the first cavity, the first gap, the second cavity and the second gap can be formed through the outer wall of the main shaft, the first ring groove, the concave cavity wall and the second ring groove. And external liquid and impurities entering the main shaft are retarded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool equipment, in particular to a spindle front end protection structure. Background Art

[0002] When machining certain features of workpieces, CNC machine tools will face high-pressure water cooling conditions, which will cause a large amount of cooling water to be stirred up by the workpiece; currently, the sealing channel at the front end of the spindle of the CNC machine tool is difficult to form effective protection under such circumstances, and the stirred cooling water is easy to choke back into the gap of the spindle and enter the interior of the spindle during the rotation of the spindle, causing irreversible damage to the spindle; in addition, during the workpiece machining process, dust may also enter the interior of the spindle along the gap of the spindle, and long-term accumulation of dust will also cause unpredictable damage to the spindle itself.

[0003] At present, although the front end of most spindles is designed with a sealing structure to improve the protection effect, for the aforementioned working conditions with large amounts of water, the existing sealing structure is difficult to effectively protect the spindle. The spindle is prone to damage or even direct damage, seriously affecting production.

[0004] Therefore, developing and designing a protective structure that can effectively protect the spindle and prevent water and dust from entering the inside of the spindle is an issue that needs to be urgently addressed at this stage. Utility Model Content

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a protective structure for the front end of the main shaft, in which an end cover is sleeved on the front end of the main shaft, and the concave cavity wall of the end cover is gap-matched with the outer wall of the front end of the main shaft, and the first annular groove on the main shaft and the second annular groove on the concave cavity wall of the end cover can form a labyrinth sealing channel composed of the first cavity, the first gap, the second cavity and the second gap, forming a positive pressure sealing structure, which has a blocking effect on external liquids and impurities entering the interior of the main shaft, can effectively avoid the intrusion of external liquids or impurities, and has an excellent protective effect on the front end of the main shaft.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0007] The utility model provides a spindle front end protection structure, comprising:

[0008] A main shaft, wherein the main shaft has a first annular groove;

[0009] An end cover, wherein the end cover has a concave cavity, the end cover is sleeved on the front end of the main shaft through the concave cavity, and the end cover is fixedly connected to the main shaft; a first cavity is formed at the first annular groove; a second annular groove is provided on the concave cavity, and a second cavity is formed at the second annular groove; a first gap and a second gap are also provided between the concave cavity wall and the main shaft surface, the first gap is located between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the second gap is located between the second cavity and the external environment; the width of the second cavity along the radial direction of the main shaft is greater than the width of the first gap and the second gap, respectively.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, an air seal sleeve is embedded between the concave cavity wall and the main shaft surface; the air seal sleeve and the first annular groove form the first cavity, and the air seal sleeve and the second annular groove form the second cavity.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the air-sealing sleeve has a plurality of circumferentially distributed air-sealing through holes; the air-sealing through holes are located between the first cavity and the second cavity.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the air seal sleeve and the main shaft surface form the first gap and the second gap respectively, and the air seal through hole is located between the first gap and the second gap.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, an air-sealing channel is provided inside the end cover, one end of the air-sealing channel is connected to the second cavity, and the other end of the air-sealing channel forms an air-sealing interface at the outer wall surface of the end cover.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, a cooling channel is provided inside the end cover, one end of the cooling channel is located at the end surface of the end cover away from the main shaft, and the other end of the cooling channel is connected to the cooling pipeline on the main shaft or forms a cooling interface on the outer wall surface of the end cover.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, a water curtain sleeve is embedded between the concave cavity wall and the main shaft surface; the water curtain sleeve and the first annular groove form the first cavity, the water curtain sleeve and the second annular groove form the second cavity, and the water curtain sleeve is provided with a plurality of guide grooves connecting the second cavity with the external environment; a water curtain channel is provided inside the end cover, one end of the water curtain channel is connected with the second cavity, and the other end of the water curtain channel forms a water curtain interface at the outer wall surface of the end cover.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the plurality of guide grooves are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, a first step surface is provided in the concave cavity at the front end surface corresponding to the main shaft;

[0018] And / or, a second step surface is provided in the concave cavity at a position corresponding to the shoulder of the main shaft.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the end cover is mounted on the main shaft by screws;

[0020] And / or, the end cover completely covers the exposed portion of the front end of the main shaft.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0022] 1. The end cover of the utility model is sleeved on the front end of the main shaft and fixedly connected to the main shaft. The concave cavity wall of the end cover is matched with the outer wall of the front end of the main shaft in a clearance. The first annular groove on the main shaft and the second annular groove of the concave cavity wall of the end cover can form a labyrinth sealing channel composed of the first cavity, the first gap, the second cavity and the second gap. The gas in the labyrinth sealing channel can form a positive pressure sealing structure, which has a blocking effect on external liquids and impurities entering the interior of the main shaft, and can effectively prevent external liquids or impurities from invading the interior of the main shaft. While having an excellent protective effect on the front end of the main shaft, it is highly operable and does not require changing the existing machine tool or main shaft structure.

[0023] 2. The utility model forms a labyrinth sealing channel through the air sealing sleeve and the air sealing channel arranged inside the end cover. After the gas enters the second cavity through the air sealing channel, it is evenly discharged along the second gap to achieve positive pressure sealing, which has a better sealing effect on the front end of the main shaft.

[0024] 3. The utility model forms a labyrinth sealing channel through the water curtain sleeve and the water curtain channel arranged inside the end cover. Water enters the second cavity through the water curtain channel and is sprayed out along the guide groove to form a fine water curtain, which can effectively prevent dust from entering the main shaft.

[0025] 4. All configuration parts of the utility model are installed outside the machine tool, and the main components are easy to install and maintain later; and the implementation process of the labyrinth sealing channel of the utility model does not need to destroy the existing structure of the main shaft, and has strong versatility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a first embodiment of a spindle front end protection structure of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified image of area A;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the end cover;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a second embodiment of a spindle front end protection structure of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of area B;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Side view of

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the gas seal sleeve;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a third embodiment of a spindle front end protection structure of the utility model;

[0034] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of the middle C area;

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fourth embodiment of a spindle front end protection structure of the utility model;

[0036] Fig.11 for Fig.10 Enlarged view of area D in the middle;

[0037] Fig.12 for Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the end cover;

[0038] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Magnified view of area E in the middle.

[0039] In the figure: 1-main shaft, 11-first annular groove, 2-end cover, 21-concave cavity, 22-second annular groove, 23-gas seal channel, 24-gas seal interface, 25-cooling channel, 26-water curtain channel, 27-first step surface, 28-second step surface, 31-first cavity, 32-second cavity, 33-first gap, 34-second gap, 4-gas seal sleeve, 41-gas seal through hole, 5-water curtain sleeve, 51-guide groove, 6-screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3, is an embodiment of a spindle front end protection structure provided by the utility model, comprising a spindle 1 and an end cover 2, the end cover 2 having a concave cavity 21, the end cover 2 being sleeved on the front end of the spindle 1 through the concave cavity 21 and being fixedly connected to the spindle 1; the spindle 1 has a first annular groove 11, the first annular groove 11 and the concave cavity 21 wall forming a first cavity 31; the concave cavity 21 has a second annular groove 22, the second annular groove 22 and the surface of the spindle 1 forming a second cavity 32; a first gap 33 and a second gap 34 are further formed between the concave cavity 21 wall and the surface of the spindle 1, the first gap 33 is located between the first cavity 31 and the second cavity 32 and connects the first cavity 31 with the second cavity 32, the second gap 34 is located between the second cavity 31 and the second cavity 32, and the second gap 34 is located between the second cavity 31 and the second cavity 32. The cavity 32 is connected to the external environment and the second cavity 32 is connected to the external environment; at the same time, the width of the second cavity 32 along the radial direction of the main shaft 1 is respectively greater than the width of the first gap 33 and the second gap 34, so that the first cavity 31, the first gap 33, the second cavity 32 and the second gap 34 together constitute a labyrinth sealing channel, and through the volume changes of the first cavity 31, the first gap 33, the second cavity 32 and the second gap 34, the gas in the labyrinth sealing channel can form a positive pressure sealing structure, which has a blocking effect on external liquid and impurities entering the interior of the main shaft 1, can effectively prevent external liquid or impurities from invading the interior of the main shaft 1, and has an excellent protective effect on the front end of the main shaft 1.

[0043] For details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The end cover 2 is preferably installed and fixed on the main shaft 1 by screws 6.

[0044] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 A first step surface 27 is provided at the front end surface of the main shaft 1 in the concave cavity 21. The first step surface 27 can wrap part of the front end of the main shaft 1, which can effectively prevent the main shaft 1 from being directly impacted by the cooling water, and further improve the protection effect of the front end of the main shaft 1.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] Please refer to Figure 4-Figure 7The main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: an air seal sleeve 4 is embedded between the wall of the concave cavity 21 and the surface of the main shaft 1; the air seal sleeve 4 and the first annular groove 11 form a first cavity 31, and the air seal sleeve 4 and the second annular groove 22 form a second cavity 32; further, the air seal sleeve 4 has a plurality of air seal through holes 41 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the air seal through holes 41 are located between the first cavity 31 and the second cavity 32, and the air seal sleeve 4 and the surface of the main shaft 1 form first gaps 31 and 32, respectively. 3 and the second slit 34, the second slit 34 is evenly arranged along the circumferential direction, the air-sealing through hole 41 is located between the first slit 33 and the second slit 34, the first cavity 31 is connected with the second cavity 32 through the first slit 33 and the air-sealing through hole 41, and the second cavity 32 is connected with the external environment through the air-sealing through hole 41 and the second slit 34, so that the first cavity 31, the first slit 33, the air-sealing through hole 41, the second cavity 32 and the second slit 34 together constitute a labyrinth sealing channel.

[0047] For further information, please refer to Figure 6 An air-sealing channel 23 is preferably provided inside the end cover 2, one end of the air-sealing channel 23 is connected to the second cavity 32, and the other end of the air-sealing channel 23 forms an air-sealing interface 24 at the outer wall of the end cover 2. The gas pipeline can continuously inject gas into the second cavity 32 through the air-sealing interface 24. The gas in the second cavity 32 can be evenly discharged along the second gap 34 after passing through the air-sealing through hole 41, or enter the first cavity 31 along the first gap 33. The air-sealing channel 23, the second cavity 32, the air-sealing through hole 41 and the second gap 34 form an air-sealing uniformly distributed channel to achieve uniform gas positive pressure sealing, which has a better protection effect on the front end of the main shaft 1.

[0048] Embodiment 3

[0049] Please refer to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The main difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that a cooling channel 25 is provided inside the end cover 2, one end of the cooling channel 25 is located at the end face of the end cover 2 away from the main shaft 1, and the other end of the cooling channel 25 is connected with the cooling pipeline on the main shaft 1. The cooling medium flows along the cooling channel 25, which can cool the front end of the main shaft 1, and has greater expansibility; in other embodiments, if the cooling pipeline on the main shaft 1 is not convenient to connect with the cooling channel 25, the cooling channel 25 can also form a cooling interface on the outer wall surface of the end cover 2, and the cooling medium enters the cooling channel 25 through the cooling interface, so as to effectively cool the front end of the main shaft 1.

[0050] For further information, please refer to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The end cover 2 preferably covers the entire exposed portion of the front end of the spindle 1, so as to provide overall protection for the portion of the spindle 1 that is exposed in the processing area.

[0051] For further information, please refer to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 A second step surface 28 is provided in the concave cavity 21 at the shoulder of the main shaft 1 , and the shoulder of the main shaft 1 matches the second step surface 28 , which can improve the positioning and fixing effect between the end cover 2 and the main shaft 1 .

[0052] For clarification, please refer to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 In this embodiment, an air seal uniformly distributed channel as shown in the second embodiment may also be added to effectively protect the front end of the main shaft 1.

[0053] Embodiment 4

[0054] Please refer to Figure 10-13 The main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: a water curtain sleeve 5 is embedded between the wall of the concave cavity 21 and the surface of the main shaft 1; the water curtain sleeve 5 and the first annular groove 11 form a first cavity 31, the water curtain sleeve 5 and the second annular groove 22 form a second cavity 32, and the water curtain sleeve 5 is provided with a plurality of guide grooves 51 that connect the second cavity 32 with the external environment; a water curtain channel 26 is provided inside the end cover 2, one end of the water curtain channel 26 is connected with the second cavity 32, and the other end of the water curtain channel 26 forms a water curtain interface at the outer wall surface of the end cover 2, water enters the water curtain channel 26 from the water curtain interface, passes through the second cavity 32, and is sprayed out along the guide groove 51 to form a fine water curtain, which can effectively prevent dust from entering the inside of the main shaft 1.

[0055] For further information, please refer to Fig.12 and Fig.13 The plurality of guide grooves 51 are preferably evenly distributed along the circumferential direction to ensure that the sprayed water curtain is fine and uniform, which can have a better dust blocking effect.

[0056] It should be noted that the present embodiment may also add an evenly distributed air seal channel as shown in the second embodiment. In this case, the water curtain sleeve 5 may be arranged on the outer periphery of the air seal sleeve 4, and the second cavity 32 should be divided into two mutually isolated sub-cavities, which are respectively connected to the water curtain channel 26 and the air seal channel 23. A fine water curtain and a gas positive pressure seal may be formed at the front end of the main shaft 1 at the same time, thereby achieving more effective protection for the front end of the main shaft 1.

[0057] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A spindle front end protection structure, characterized in that: include: A main shaft (1), wherein the main shaft (1) has a first annular groove (11); An end cover (2), the end cover (2) having a concave cavity (21), the end cover (2) being sleeved on the front end of the main shaft (1) through the concave cavity (21), and the end cover (2) being fixedly connected to the main shaft (1); a first cavity (31) is formed at the first annular groove (11); a second annular groove (22) is provided on the concave cavity (21), and a second cavity (32) is formed at the second annular groove (22); a first gap (33) and a second gap (34) are also provided between the wall of the concave cavity (21) and the surface of the main shaft (1), the first gap (33) being located between the first cavity (31) and the second cavity (32), and the second gap (34) being located between the second cavity (32) and the external environment; and a width of the second cavity (32) along the radial direction of the main shaft (1) is greater than the widths of the first gap (33) and the second gap (34).

2. A spindle front end protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air seal sleeve (4) is embedded between the wall of the concave cavity (21) and the surface of the main shaft (1); the air seal sleeve (4) and the first annular groove (11) form the first cavity (31), and the air seal sleeve (4) and the second annular groove (22) form the second cavity (32).

3. A spindle front end protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas-sealing sleeve (4) is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed gas-sealing through holes (41); the gas-sealing through holes (41) are located between the first cavity (31) and the second cavity (32).

4. A spindle front end protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air seal sleeve (4) and the surface of the main shaft (1) respectively form the first gap (33) and the second gap (34), and the air seal through hole (41) is located between the first gap (33) and the second gap (34).

5. A spindle front end protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An air-sealing channel (23) is provided inside the end cover (2), one end of the air-sealing channel (23) is in communication with the second cavity (32), and the other end of the air-sealing channel (23) forms an air-sealing interface (24) on the outer wall surface of the end cover (2).

6. A spindle front end protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A cooling channel (25) is provided inside the end cover (2), one end of the cooling channel (25) is located at an end surface of the end cover (2) away from the main shaft (1), and the other end of the cooling channel (25) is connected to a cooling pipeline on the main shaft (1) or forms a cooling interface on the outer wall surface of the end cover (2).

7. A spindle front end protection structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A water curtain sleeve (5) is embedded between the wall of the concave cavity (21) and the surface of the main shaft (1); the water curtain sleeve (5) and the first annular groove (11) form the first cavity (31), the water curtain sleeve (5) and the second annular groove (22) form the second cavity (32), and the water curtain sleeve (5) is provided with a plurality of guide grooves (51) for connecting the second cavity (32) with the external environment; a water curtain channel (26) is provided inside the end cover (2), one end of the water curtain channel (26) is connected with the second cavity (32), and the other end of the water curtain channel (26) forms a water curtain interface at the outer wall surface of the end cover (2).

8. A spindle front end protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of guide grooves (51) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

9. The spindle front end protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first step surface (27) is provided in the concave cavity (21) at a front end surface corresponding to the main shaft (1); And / or, a second step surface (28) is provided in the concave cavity (21) at a position corresponding to the shaft shoulder of the main shaft (1).

10. A spindle front end protection structure according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The end cover (2) is mounted on the main shaft (1) by means of screws (6); And / or, the end cover (2) completely covers the exposed portion of the front end of the main shaft (1).

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