Device for quantitatively evaluating membrane pollution

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for quantitatively evaluating membrane pollution, which comprises a first container, a second container and a third container which are respectively used for containing simulated liquid, normal saline and waste liquid, and further comprises a first power mechanism and a plurality of groups of test modules, the test module comprises a liquid inlet pressure sensor, a filter, a liquid outlet pressure sensor, a dialysate supply device and a dialysate filtering device; the first container and the second container are connected with inlets of the multiple groups of test modules through liquid inlet pipelines and multi-way valves, and the first container and the third container are connected with outlets of the multiple groups of test modules through liquid outlet pipelines and multi-way valves; the first power mechanism is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline and / or the liquid outlet pipeline; a dialysate inlet of the filter is connected to a dialysate supply device; and a dialysate outlet of the filter is connected to the dialysate filtering device. According to the scheme, the dialysate supply device is arranged on the dialysate side of the filter, the concentration gradient is provided for molecule removal, and the device has the advantages of accuracy, high efficiency, good repeatability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of blood purification, in particular to a device for quantitatively evaluating membrane pollution. Background Art

[0002] Hemodialysis is an extracorporeal blood purification method for many patients with end-stage renal disease to maintain life. Hemodialysis treatment is used to remove toxins and excess fluid to compensate for the loss of renal function. However, the membrane surface interacts with blood cells, platelets and proteins in the blood, causing them to adsorb on the membrane and cause membrane contamination, which reduces the therapeutic effect and leads to a series of side effects and long-term effects, thus affecting the patient's quality of life. Substances adsorbed on the membrane surface block the membrane pores, which not only reduces the clearance rate and affects the effectiveness of dialysis; but also membrane contamination causes changes in biocompatibility and activates complex biochemical cascade reactions, such as complement activation, activation of coagulation cascade, fibrinolysis, etc., affecting the safety of dialysis. Therefore, the evaluation system and test device of membrane contamination have become important research topics; how to objectively and truly evaluate membrane contamination is of great significance to the improvement of hemodialysis technology.

[0003] At present, Darcy's law is often used to evaluate the degree of contamination of membrane materials. The formula is as follows:

[0004] R = P / (J·μ);

[0005] Where J is the permeation flux (L·m -2 ·h -1 , m / s), P is the transmembrane pressure (Pa), μ is the viscosity of the permeate (Pa·s), and R is the mass transfer resistance (m -1 ).

[0006] The devices for evaluating membrane contamination in the prior art cannot provide a concentration gradient for the removal of molecules, which results in inaccurate membrane contamination results in the final measurement; and the existing devices cannot evaluate the membrane contamination of multiple filters at the same time, resulting in low test efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of this, the utility model provides a device for quantitatively evaluating membrane contamination, which can improve the accuracy of the results of quantitatively evaluating membrane contamination.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling, comprising: a first container, a second container and a third container for containing a simulated liquid, a physiological saline solution and a waste liquid respectively, and also comprising: a first power mechanism and a plurality of test modules;

[0010] The test module includes: a liquid inlet pressure sensor, a filter, a liquid outlet pressure sensor, a dialysate supply device and a dialysate filter device;

[0011] The first container and the second container are both connected to the inlets of the plurality of test modules through a liquid inlet pipeline and a multi-way valve, and the first container and the third container are both connected to the outlets of the plurality of test modules through a liquid outlet pipeline and a multi-way valve;

[0012] The liquid inlet pressure sensor is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline, and the liquid outlet pressure sensor is arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline;

[0013] The first power mechanism is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline and / or the liquid outlet pipeline;

[0014] The dialysate inlet of the filter is connected to the dialysate supply device;

[0015] The dialysate outlet of the filter is connected to the dialysate filtration device.

[0016] Preferably, the dialysate supply device comprises: a bypass liquid inlet pipeline, a bypass liquid inlet container, a bypass liquid inlet power mechanism and a bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor;

[0017] The dialysate inlet of the filter is connected to the bypass liquid inlet container through the bypass liquid inlet pipeline, and the bypass liquid inlet power mechanism and the bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor are arranged on the bypass liquid inlet pipeline.

[0018] Preferably, the dialysate filtration device comprises: a filtrate power mechanism, a filtrate pressure sensor and a viscometer arranged in the filtrate pipeline.

[0019] Preferably, the dialysate outlet of the filter is connected to the third container via the filtrate pipeline.

[0020] Preferably, the dialysate supply device further comprises: a bypass magnetic heating stirrer;

[0021] The bypass magnetic heating stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the bypass liquid inlet container.

[0022] Preferably, the dialysate supply device comprises a bypass inlet pipeline, a bypass inlet pressure sensor and a dialyzer, and the dialysate filtration device comprises a filtrate pressure sensor and a viscometer arranged in the filtrate pipeline and connected to the dialyzer.

[0023] Preferably, the liquid inlet pipeline comprises: a liquid inlet branch and a liquid inlet trunk;

[0024] One end of the two liquid inlet branches is connected to the first container and the second container respectively, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid inlet trunk through a first multi-way valve;

[0025] The outlet of the liquid inlet trunk is connected to the inlets of the plurality of test modules through a third multi-way valve.

[0026] Preferably, the liquid outlet pipeline comprises: a liquid outlet trunk line and a liquid outlet branch line;

[0027] The outlets of the plurality of test modules are connected to the inlet of the liquid outlet trunk through a fourth multi-way valve;

[0028] One end of the two liquid outlet branches is connected to the outlet of the liquid outlet trunk through a second multi-way valve, and the other end is communicated with the first container and the third container respectively.

[0029] Preferably, it further comprises: a fourth power mechanism and a fifth container for containing an anticoagulant;

[0030] The fifth container is connected to the first container via an anticoagulation pipeline, and the fourth power mechanism is arranged on the anticoagulation pipeline.

[0031] Preferably, it also includes: a computer;

[0032] The liquid inlet pressure sensor, the liquid outlet pressure sensor, the dialysate supply device and the dialysate filtration device are all communicatively connected to the computer.

[0033] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the device for quantitatively evaluating membrane contamination provided by the utility model is provided with a dialysate supply device on the dialysate side of the filter to provide a concentration gradient for the removal of molecules. This scheme has the advantages of accuracy, high efficiency and good repeatability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling provided in Example 1 of the utility model;

[0036] Among them, the first magnetic heating stirrer 1, the first container 2, the first multi-way valve 3, the second container 4, the first power mechanism 5, the first liquid inlet pressure sensor 6-1, the second liquid inlet pressure sensor 6-2, the first filter 7-1, the second filter 7-2, the first filtrate power mechanism 8-1, the second filtrate power mechanism 8-2, the first filtrate pressure sensor 9-1, the second filtrate pressure sensor 9-2, the first liquid outlet pressure sensor 10-1, the second liquid outlet pressure sensor 10-2, the second multi-way valve 11, the third container 12, a first viscometer 13-1, a second viscometer 13-2, a first bypass magnetic heating stirrer 14-1, a second bypass magnetic heating stirrer 14-2, a first bypass liquid inlet container 15-1, a second bypass liquid inlet container 15-2, a first bypass liquid inlet power mechanism 16-1, a second bypass liquid inlet power mechanism 16-2, a first bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor 17-1, a second bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor 17-2, a third multi-way valve 18, a fourth multi-way valve 19, a fifth container 20, and a fourth power mechanism 21;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling provided in Example 2 of the utility model;

[0038] Among them, a first magnetic heating stirrer 1, a first container 2, a first multi-way valve 3, a second container 4, a first power mechanism 5, a first liquid inlet pressure sensor 6-1, a second liquid inlet pressure sensor 6-2, a first filter 7-1, a second filter 7-2, a first filtrate pressure sensor 9-1, a second filtrate pressure sensor 9-2, a first liquid outlet pressure sensor 10-1, a second liquid outlet pressure sensor 10-2, a second multi-way valve 11, a third container 12, a first viscometer 13-1, a second viscometer 13-2, a first bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor 17-1, a second bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor 17-2, a third multi-way valve 18, a fourth multi-way valve 19, a fifth container 20, a fourth power mechanism 21, a first dialyzer 22-1, and a second dialyzer 22-2;

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an implementation flow of evaluating membrane fouling of an apparatus for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling provided in an embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Aiming at the shortcomings of inaccurate membrane pollution test results and low test efficiency in the prior art, the utility model provides an accurate and efficient device for quantitatively evaluating membrane pollution.

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0042] The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling provided by the embodiment of the utility model comprises: a first container 2, a second container 4 and a third container 12 for containing simulated liquid, physiological saline and waste liquid respectively, and also comprises: a first power mechanism 5 and a plurality of test modules;

[0043] The test module includes: an inlet pressure sensor, a filter, an outlet pressure sensor, a dialysate supply device and a dialysate filter device;

[0044] Its structure can refer to Figure 1 As shown, the first container 2 and the second container 4 are connected to the inlets of the multiple test modules (such as the liquid inlets of the filters 7-1 and 7-2) through the liquid inlet pipeline and the multi-way valve, and the first container 2 and the third container 12 are connected to the outlets of the multiple test modules (such as the liquid outlets of the filters 7-1 and 7-2) through the liquid outlet pipeline and the multi-way valve;

[0045] Liquid inlet pressure sensors such as 6-1 and 6-2 are arranged in the liquid inlet pipeline to measure the liquid inlet pressure; liquid outlet pressure sensors such as 10-1 and 10-2 are arranged in the liquid outlet pipeline to measure the liquid outlet pressure;

[0046] The first power mechanism 5 is arranged in the liquid inlet pipeline and / or the liquid outlet pipeline;

[0047] The dialysate inlets of filters 7-1 and 7-2 are connected to the dialysate supply device; the dialysate component is physiological saline, which provides a concentration gradient for the removal of small molecules in the blood. At the same time, using saline as the dialysate can also prevent the simulated fluid from coagulation;

[0048] The dialysate outlets of the filters 7 - 1 and 7 - 2 are connected to the dialysate filtration device.

[0049] At different stages of the experimental scheme, the inlet pipeline can be selected to be connected to the second container 4 containing physiological saline or the first container 2 containing simulated liquid, and the outlet pipeline can be selected to be connected to the third container 12 containing waste liquid or the first container 2 containing simulated liquid. For example, in the pre-filling stage, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are respectively connected to the second container 4 containing physiological saline and the third container 12 containing waste liquid; in the simulated contamination stage, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are both connected to the first container 2 containing simulated liquid to form a closed loop. In the flushing stage, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are respectively connected to the second container 4 containing physiological saline and the third container 12 containing waste liquid, and the physiological saline is used to flush the simulated liquid remaining in the filter. At this time, the liquid flowing out of the outlet pipeline is a mixture of simulated liquid and physiological saline, that is, waste liquid, which is contained in the third container 12.

[0050] From the above technical scheme, it can be seen that the device for quantitatively evaluating membrane contamination provided by the embodiment of the utility model is provided with a dialysate supply device on the dialysate side of the filters 7-1 and 7-2 to provide a concentration gradient for the removal of molecules. This scheme has the advantages of accuracy, high efficiency, good repeatability, etc. This scheme can be widely applied to various filters, such as hemodialyzers, hemodiafiltration devices, hemofilters, etc.

[0051] In the first embodiment provided by this scheme, the dialysate supply device includes: a bypass liquid inlet pipeline, a bypass liquid inlet container, a bypass liquid inlet power mechanism and a bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor, and its structure can refer to Figure 1 As shown;

[0052] The dialysate inlets of the filters 7-1 and 7-2 are connected to the bypass inlet containers 15-1 and 15-2 through the bypass inlet pipeline, and the bypass inlet power mechanisms 16-1, 16-2 and the bypass inlet pressure sensors 17-1, 17-2 are arranged on the bypass inlet pipeline. The bypass inlet power mechanisms 16-1 and 16-2 can be specifically regulating pumps for regulating the flow rate of the dialysate; the bypass inlet pressure sensors 17-1 and 17-2 are used to measure the pressure on the side of the dialysate.

[0053] Preferably, the dialysate filtration device comprises: a filtrate power mechanism 8-1, 8-2, a filtrate pressure sensor 9-1, 9-2 and a viscometer 13-1, 13-2 arranged in the filtrate pipeline, and the structure thereof can be referred to Figure 1 The filtrate power mechanisms 8-1 and 8-2 can be specifically regulating pumps for setting the filtrate flow rate, and the filtrate pressure sensors 9-1, 9-2 and the viscometers 13-1, 13-2 are used to measure the outlet pressure of the dialysate outlet and the filtrate viscosity, respectively.

[0054] Furthermore, the dialysate outlets of the filters 7-1 and 7-2 are connected to the third container 12 through the filtrate pipeline, and the structure thereof can be referred to Figure 1As shown, it is convenient to discharge the filtrate in filters 7-1 and 7-2.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, the dialysate supply device further comprises: bypass magnetic heating stirrers 14-1 and 14-2, the structure of which can be referred to Figure 1 As shown;

[0056] The bypass magnetic heating stirrers 14-1 and 14-2 are arranged at the bottom of the bypass liquid inlet containers 15-1 and 15-2, and are used to heat and stir the dialysate to simulate the temperature of human blood and ensure the accuracy of the test results.

[0057] In the second embodiment provided by the present invention, the dialysate supply device includes a bypass inlet pipeline, a bypass inlet pressure sensor and dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2, and the dialysate filtration device includes filtrate pressure sensors 9-1, 9-2 and viscometers 13-1, 13-2 arranged in the filtrate pipeline and connected to the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2. The structure can be referred to Figure 2 As shown. In clinical hemodialysis treatment, the filter 7-1 and the dialyzer 22-1 or the filter 7-2 and the dialyzer 22-2 are used in combination. A dialyzer 22-1 or 22-2 includes two parts: a blood monitoring system and a dialysate supply system. The blood monitoring system includes a blood pump, a heparin pump, a temperature control system, an arteriovenous pressure monitoring system, a blood leakage monitoring system, and an air monitoring system; the dialysate supply system includes a liquid preparation system, a degassing system, a conductivity monitoring system, an ultrafiltration monitoring system, and other parts. The working principle of the dialyzer 22-1 or 22-2 is: the dialysis concentrate and the dialysis water are prepared into qualified dialysate through the dialysate supply system, and enter the dialysate side of the filter 7-1 or 7-2. The blood pump draws out the patient's blood through the pipeline into the filter 7-1 or 7-2 for diffusion, convection, and ultrafiltration; the dialyzed blood returns to the patient's body, and the dialysate after dialysis is discharged from the dialysate supply system as waste liquid.

[0058] As a preference, Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the liquid inlet pipeline includes: a liquid inlet branch and a liquid inlet trunk;

[0059] Among them, one end of the two liquid inlet branches is connected to the first container 2 and the second container 4 respectively, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid inlet main circuit through the first multi-way valve 3;

[0060] The outlet of the liquid inlet main circuit is connected to the inlets of multiple groups of test modules through the third multi-way valve 18. The liquid inlet pipeline arranged in this way has a simple structure and is convenient for switching between different stages.

[0061] Furthermore, the first multi-way valve 3 is a three-way valve, and its structure can refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The two inlets of the three-way valve are connected to the first container 2 and the second container 4 through two liquid inlet branches, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the liquid inlet main line. The first power mechanism 5 is arranged on the liquid inlet main line, and its structure can be referred to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first power mechanism 5 can be specifically a regulating pump, which is used to set the flow rate of the simulated liquid or the physiological saline.

[0062] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the liquid outlet pipeline includes: a liquid outlet trunk line and a liquid outlet branch line;

[0063] The outlets of the multiple test modules are connected to the inlet of the liquid outlet trunk through the fourth multi-way valve 19;

[0064] One end of the two liquid outlet branches is connected to the outlet of the liquid outlet main line through the second multi-way valve 11, and the other end is respectively connected to the first container 2 and the third container 12. The liquid inlet pipelines arranged in this way have a simple structure and are convenient for switching between different stages.

[0065] Furthermore, the fourth multi-way valve 11 is a three-way valve, and its structure can refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The inlet of the three-way valve is connected to the outlet of the liquid outlet main line, and the outlet is connected to the first container 2 and the third container 12 through two liquid outlet branches.

[0066] The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling provided in the embodiment of the utility model further includes: a fourth power mechanism 21 and a fifth container 20 for containing an anticoagulant, the structure of which can be referred to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown;

[0067] Among them, the fifth container 20 is connected to the first container 2 through an anticoagulation pipeline, and the fourth power mechanism 21 is arranged in the anticoagulation pipeline, which can be specifically a regulating pump for adjusting the flow rate of the anticoagulant. The anticoagulant can be used to prevent blood coagulation; at the same time, the simulated fluid is provided with fluid replenishment. The dialysate outlets of filters such as 7-1 and 7-2 continuously filter out the water in the simulated fluid during the experimental stage, so the water in the simulated fluid is continuously reduced during the experimental stage, and providing fluid replenishment can ensure the volume of the simulated fluid.

[0068] The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling provided by the embodiment of the utility model further includes: a computer, the structure of which can refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown;

[0069] Among them, the inlet pressure sensors such as 6-1 and 6-2, the outlet pressure sensors such as 10-1 and 10-2, the dialysate supply device and the dialysate filtration device are all connected to the computer in a communication manner, and the measured data are processed by the computer to obtain the final data. Further, the aforementioned pressure sensors, power mechanisms and viscometers are all connected to the computer in a communication manner.

[0070] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0071] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a first container 2, a second container 4 and a third container 12 for containing simulated liquid, physiological saline and waste liquid respectively. The first container 2 and the second container 4 are connected to the liquid inlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through a liquid inlet pipeline. The first container 2 and the third container 12 are connected to the liquid outlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through a liquid outlet pipeline. A first power mechanism 5 is also provided on the liquid inlet pipeline for setting the flow rate of the simulated liquid or physiological saline. A first magnetic heating stirrer 1 is also provided under the first container 2 for heating and stirring so that the components in the simulated liquid are evenly dispersed and the temperature of human blood is simulated to ensure the accuracy of the test results. The simulated liquid can be whole blood of animals such as pig blood or cow blood, which is used to contaminate the membrane filaments of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2.

[0072] The liquid inlet pipeline includes two liquid inlet branches connected to the simulated liquid and the physiological saline respectively. The two liquid inlet branches are connected to the liquid inlet main road through the first multi-way valve 3. The liquid inlet main road is divided into two liquid inlet branches by the third multi-way valve 18 before the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2. The two liquid inlet branches are respectively connected to two identical filters 7-1 and 7-2. The two identical filters 7-1 and 7-2 are in a parallel relationship, and parallel experiments can be carried out at the same time to ensure the accuracy of the data. The first liquid inlet pressure sensor 6-1 and the second liquid inlet pressure sensor 6-2 are respectively provided on the two liquid inlet branches to measure the liquid inlet pressure. The liquid outlet pipeline includes liquid outlet branches connected to the two filters 7-1 and 7-2 respectively. The two liquid outlet branches are connected to the liquid outlet main road through the fourth multi-way valve 19. The liquid outlet main road is divided into two liquid outlet branches by the second multi-way valve 11 and connected to the third container 12 containing waste liquid and the first container 2 containing simulated liquid. A first liquid outlet pressure sensor 10 - 1 and a second liquid outlet pressure sensor 10 - 2 are respectively provided on the two liquid outlet branches to measure the liquid outlet pressure.

[0073] It also includes a dialysate supply device on the dialysate side of two parallel filters 7-1 and 7-2, that is, the dialysate inlet on the dialysate side of the filters 7-1 and 7-2 is connected to the first bypass inlet container 15-1 and the second bypass inlet container 15-2 containing the dialysate through a bypass inlet pipeline, and the first bypass inlet container 15-1 and the second bypass inlet container 15-2 are respectively provided with a first bypass magnetic heating stirrer 14-1 and a second bypass magnetic heating stirrer 14-2 for heating and stirring the dialysate to simulate the temperature of human blood and ensure the accuracy of the test results. The dialysate component is physiological saline, which provides a concentration gradient for the removal of small molecules in the blood. At the same time, using saline as the dialysate can also prevent the simulated fluid from coagulation. The bypass inlet pipeline is also provided with a first bypass inlet power mechanism 16-1, a second bypass inlet power mechanism 16-2, a first bypass inlet pressure sensor 17-1 and a second bypass inlet pressure sensor 17-2, which are respectively used to adjust the dialysate flow rate and measure the dialysate side pressure.

[0074] It also includes a dialysate filtration device arranged on the dialysate side of the two parallel filters 7-1 and 7-2, that is, the dialysate outlets on the dialysate side of the filters 7-1 and 7-2 are connected to the third container 12 containing waste liquid through the filtrate pipeline, and the filtrate pipeline is provided with a first filtrate pressure sensor 9-1, a second filtrate pressure sensor 9-2, a first viscometer 13-1 and a second viscometer 13-2, which are respectively used to measure the pressure of the dialysate outlet and the viscosity of the filtrate, and the filtrate pressure sensors 9-1 and 9-2 are close to the dialysate outlets of the filters 7-1 and 7-2. The filtrate pipeline is also provided with a first filtrate power mechanism 8-1 and a second filtrate power mechanism 8-2, which are used to set the filtrate flow rate.

[0075] The dialysate side of filters 7-1 and 7-2 includes a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet. The dialysate enters the dialysate side through the dialysate inlet and is discharged through the dialysate outlet. At this time, the dialysate discharged includes filtrate filtered from the blood and contains toxins in the blood, that is, it becomes waste liquid and is contained in the third container 12.

[0076] It also includes a fifth container 20 containing an anticoagulant and a fourth power mechanism 21. The fifth container 20 is connected to the first container 2 containing the simulated liquid through a pipeline, and a fourth power mechanism 21 is provided on the pipeline for adjusting the flow rate of the anticoagulant. The anticoagulant can be used to prevent blood coagulation; at the same time, the simulated liquid is provided with fluid replenishment. The dialysate outlets of the filters 7-1 and 7-2 continuously filter out the water in the simulated liquid during the experimental stage, so the water in the simulated liquid is continuously reduced during the experimental stage, and providing fluid replenishment can ensure the volume of the simulated liquid.

[0077] At different stages of the experimental scheme, the inlet pipeline can be selected to be connected to the second container 4 containing physiological saline or the first container 2 containing simulated liquid, and the outlet pipeline can be selected to be connected to the third container 12 containing waste liquid or the first container 2 containing simulated liquid. For example, in the pre-filling stage, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are respectively connected to the second container 4 containing physiological saline and the third container 12 containing waste liquid; in the simulated contamination stage, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are both connected to the first container 2 containing simulated liquid to form a closed loop. In the flushing stage, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are respectively connected to the second container 4 containing physiological saline and the third container 12 containing waste liquid, and the physiological saline is used to flush the simulated liquid remaining in the filter. At this time, the liquid flowing out of the outlet pipeline is a mixture of simulated liquid and physiological saline, that is, waste liquid, which is contained in the third container 12.

[0078] There is also a computer, and the measured data is processed by the computer to obtain the final data.

[0079] Example 2: This solution can also be used to perform experiments using dialysis machines 22-1 and 22-2 to complete membrane contamination assessment, such as Figure 2 As shown. The dialysate sides of filters 7-1 and 7-2 are connected to dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2 respectively through bypass inlet pipes and filtrate pipelines. Bypass inlet pressure sensors 17-1 and 17-2 are provided on the bypass inlet pipes, and filtrate pressure sensors 9-1, 9-2 and viscometers 13-1 and 13-2 are provided on the filtrate pipelines. In clinical hemodialysis treatment of patients, filter 7-1 and dialyzer 22-1 or filter 7-2 and dialyzer 22-2 are used in combination. A dialyzer 22-1 or 22-2 includes two parts: a blood monitoring system and a dialysate supply system. The blood monitoring system includes a blood pump, a heparin pump, a temperature control system, arteriovenous pressure monitoring, blood leakage monitoring and air monitoring, etc.; the dialysate supply system includes a liquid preparation system, a degassing system, a conductivity monitoring system, an ultrafiltration monitoring system, etc. The working principle of the dialyzer 22-1 or 22-2 is: the dialysis concentrate and dialysis water are prepared into qualified dialysis fluid through the dialysis fluid supply system, and enter the dialysis fluid side of the filter 7-1 or 7-2, and the blood pump draws the patient's blood through the pipeline into the filter 7-1 or 7-2 for diffusion, convection and ultrafiltration, etc.; the dialyzed blood is returned to the patient's body, and the dialysate after dialysis is discharged as waste liquid by the dialysis fluid supply system. The rest is the same as the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0080] The specific process of implementing this plan is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the corresponding embodiment 1 includes:

[0081] 1. Pre-punching of membrane surface:

[0082] according to Figure 1The experimental device is connected as shown. 4L of physiological saline is added to the second container 4. The first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened to connect the second container 4 to the liquid inlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened to connect the third container 12 to the liquid outlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline. The first power mechanism 5 is opened to pre-flushing the membrane surface for 10 minutes.

[0083] 2. Membrane resistance:

[0084] After the pre-flushing is completed, the first power mechanism 5 is turned off. 100L of dialysate is added to the bypass inlet containers 15-1 and 15-2 respectively, and the magnetic heating stirrers 14-1 and 14-2 are adjusted to 37°C to simulate the temperature of human blood to ensure the accuracy of the test results. 4L of physiological saline is added to the second container 4, and the first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened to connect the second container 4 to the liquid inlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened to connect the third container 12 to the liquid outlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline. Turn on the first power mechanism 5, the filtrate power mechanism 8-1 and 8-2, and the bypass inlet power mechanism 16-1 and 16-2. After stable operation for 5 minutes, record the pressure values ​​displayed on the inlet pressure sensors 6-1 and 6-2, the filtrate pressure sensors 9-1 and 9-2, the outlet pressure sensors 10-1 and 10-2, and the bypass inlet pressure sensors 17-1 and 17-2. The data measured by the pressure sensors 6-1, 9-1, 10-1, and 17-1 are respectively recorded as P BI-1 , P FO-1 , P BO-1 , P FI-1 The data measured by pressure sensors 6-2, 9-2, 10-2, and 17-2 are respectively recorded as P BI-2 , P FO-2 , P BO-2 , P FI-2 , calculate the transmembrane pressure. The transmembrane pressure value is calculated by computer according to the following formula: P m =(P BI +P BO ) / 2-(P FI +P FO ) / 2.

[0085] According to Darcy's formula: R m =P m / (J·μ);

[0086] Among them, R m is the membrane resistance; μ is the filtrate viscosity measured by viscometers 13-1 and 13-2; J = Q F / A, A is the membrane area of ​​the filter, Q F It is the filtrate flow rate of the filtrate power mechanism 8-1 and 8-2.

[0087] The membrane resistance values ​​R of the two filters were obtained respectively. m-1 , R m-2 .

[0088] 3. Membrane fouling resistance:

[0089] After the membrane resistance measurement is completed, the first power mechanism 5, the filtrate power mechanisms 8-1 and 8-2, and the bypass liquid inlet power mechanisms 16-1 and 16-2 are closed. The first magnetic heating stirrer 1 is adjusted to 37°C, 2L of simulated liquid is added to the first container 2, the first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened, and the first container 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened, and the first container 2 is connected to the liquid outlet of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline, and the test device forms a closed-loop circulation loop. The first power mechanism 5, the filtrate power mechanisms 8-1 and 8-2, the bypass liquid inlet power mechanisms 16-1 and 16-2, and the fourth power mechanism 21 are opened, and they are operated stably for 4 hours to allow the simulated liquid to fully contaminate the filter.

[0090] After 4 hours of stable operation, the first power mechanism 5, the filtrate power mechanisms 8-1 and 8-2, the bypass liquid inlet power mechanisms 16-1 and 16-2, and the fourth power mechanism 21 are turned off. 4L of physiological saline is added to the second container 4, and the first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened to connect the second container 4 with the liquid inlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened to connect the third container 12 with the liquid outlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline. Turn on the first power mechanism 5, the filtrate power mechanism 8-1 and 8-2, and the bypass inlet power mechanism 16-1 and 16-2, and run them stably for 5 minutes to flush the simulated liquid remaining in the pipeline and the filter. After 5 minutes, record the pressure values ​​displayed on the inlet pressure sensors 6-1 and 6-2, the filtrate pressure sensors 9-1 and 9-2, the outlet pressure sensors 10-1 and 10-2, and the bypass inlet pressure sensors 17-1 and 17-2. The data measured by the pressure sensors 6-1, 9-1, 10-1, and 17-1 are respectively recorded as P BI-3 , P FO-3 , P BO-3 , P FI-3 The data measured by pressure sensors 6-2, 9-2, 10-2, and 17-2 are respectively recorded as P BI-4 , P FO-4 , P BO-4 , P FI-4, calculate the transmembrane pressure. Calculate the transmembrane pressure value according to the following formula: P f+m =(P BI +P BO ) / 2-(P FI +P FO ) / 2.

[0091] According to Darcy's formula: R f+m =P f+m / (J·μ);

[0092] Among them, P f+m is the transmembrane pressure after membrane fouling; R f+m is the sum of membrane resistance and membrane fouling resistance; μ is the filtrate viscosity measured by viscometers 13-1 and 13-2; J = Q F / A, A is the membrane area of ​​the filter, Q F It is the filtrate flow rate of the filtrate power mechanism 8-1 and 8-2.

[0093] The membrane fouling resistance is: R f =R f+m -R m ;

[0094] The membrane fouling resistance values ​​R of the two filters 7-1 and 7-2 were calculated by computer and obtained respectively. f-1 , R f-2 .

[0095] If the test filters 7-1 and 7-2 are of the same model, the computer determines whether the two sets of data are parallel and takes R f-1 , R f-2 The average of the two was taken as the final R of the parallel experiment. f value.

[0096] 4. The device can be used for parallel experiments of multiple identical filters such as 7-1 and 7-2, and can also simultaneously measure the membrane fouling resistance R of multiple different filters such as 7-1 and 7-2. f value.

[0097] 5. Results and discussion

[0098] R f The larger the value, the more serious the membrane fouling.

[0099] Corresponding to the second embodiment, the specific process of this solution includes:

[0100] 1. Pre-punching of membrane surface:

[0101] according to Figure 2The experimental device is connected as shown. 4L of physiological saline is added to the second container 4. The first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened to connect the second container 4 to the liquid inlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened to connect the third container 12 to the liquid outlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline. The first power mechanism 5 is opened by operating the dialysis machines 22-1 and 22-2, and the membrane surface is pre-flushed for 10 minutes.

[0102] 2. Membrane resistance:

[0103] After the priming is completed, the first power mechanism 5 is turned off by operating the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2. 4L of physiological saline is added to the second container 4, and the first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened to connect the second container 4 with the liquid inlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened to connect the third container 12 with the liquid outlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline. The first power mechanism 5 is turned on by operating the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2. At the same time, the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2 provide dialysate at the bypass inlet end of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 and filter out the filtrate at the filtrate end. After stable operation for 5 minutes, the pressure values ​​displayed on the inlet pressure sensors 6-1 and 6-2, the filtrate pressure sensors 9-1 and 9-2, the outlet pressure sensors 10-1 and 10-2, and the bypass inlet pressure sensors 17-1 and 17-2 are recorded. The data measured by the pressure sensors 6-1, 9-1, 10-1, and 17-1 are recorded as P BI-1 , P FO-1 , P BO-1 , P FI-1 The data measured by pressure sensors 6-2, 9-2, 10-2, and 17-2 are respectively recorded as P BI-2 , P FO-2 , P BO-2 , P FI-2 , calculate the transmembrane pressure. The transmembrane pressure value is calculated by computer according to the following formula: P m =(P BI +P BO ) / 2-(P FI +P FO ) / 2.

[0104] According to Darcy's formula: R m =P m / (J·μ);

[0105] Among them, R m is the membrane resistance; μ is the filtrate viscosity measured by viscometers 13-1 and 13-2; J = Q F / A, A is the membrane area of ​​the filter, Q F It is the filtrate flow rate of the filtrate on the dialysis machine 22-1 or 22-2.

[0106] The membrane resistance values ​​R of the two filters were obtained respectively. m-1 , R m-2 .

[0107] 3. Membrane fouling resistance:

[0108] After the membrane resistance measurement is completed, the first power mechanism 5 is closed by operating the dialyzer, and the filtrate end of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 is stopped from filtering out the filtrate. The first magnetic heating stirrer 1 is adjusted to 37°C, 2L of simulated liquid is added to the first container 2, the first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened, and the first container 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened, and the first container 2 is connected to the liquid outlet of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline, and the test device forms a closed loop. The first power mechanism 5 is opened by operating the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2, and the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2 provide dialysate at the bypass liquid inlet end of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 and filter out the filtrate at the filtrate end; the fourth power mechanism 21 is opened, and it is stably operated for 4 hours to allow the simulated liquid to fully contaminate the filter.

[0109] After 4 hours of stable operation, the first power mechanism 5 is turned off by operating the dialysis machine, and the filtrate ends of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 are stopped from filtering out the filtrate; the fourth power mechanism 21 is turned off. 4L of physiological saline is added to the second container 4, and the first multi-way valve 3 and the third multi-way valve 18 are opened to connect the second container 4 with the liquid inlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid inlet pipeline; the second multi-way valve 11 and the fourth multi-way valve 19 are opened to connect the third container 12 with the liquid outlets of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 through the liquid outlet pipeline. The first power mechanism 5 is turned on by operating the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2, and the dialyzers 22-1 and 22-2 respectively provide dialysate in the bypass inlet pipes of the first filter 7-1 and the second filter 7-2 and filter out the filtrate at the filtrate end, and run stably for 5 minutes to flush the simulated liquid remaining in the pipeline and the filter. After 5 minutes, the pressure values ​​displayed on the inlet pressure sensors 6-1 and 6-2, the filtrate pressure sensors 9-1 and 9-2, the outlet pressure sensors 10-1 and 10-2, and the bypass inlet pressure sensors 17-1 and 17-2 are recorded. The data measured by the pressure sensors 6-1, 9-1, 10-1, and 17-1 are respectively recorded as P BI-3 , P FO-3 , P BO-3 , P FI-3The data measured by pressure sensors 6-2, 9-2, 10-2, and 17-2 are respectively recorded as P BI-4 , P FO-4 , P BO-4 , P FI-4 , calculate the transmembrane pressure. Calculate the transmembrane pressure value according to the following formula: P f+m =(P BI +P BO ) / 2-(P FI +P FO ) / 2.

[0110] According to Darcy's formula: R f+m =P f+m / (J·μ);

[0111] Among them, P f+m is the transmembrane pressure after membrane fouling; R f+m is the sum of membrane resistance and membrane fouling resistance; μ is the filtrate viscosity measured by viscometers 13-1 and 13-2; J = Q F / A, A is the membrane area of ​​the filter, Q F It is the filtrate flow rate of the filtrate power mechanism 8-1 and 8-2.

[0112] The membrane fouling resistance is: R f =R f+m -R m ;

[0113] The membrane fouling resistance values ​​R of the two filters 7-1 and 7-2 were calculated by computer and obtained respectively. f-1 , R f-2 .

[0114] If the test filters 7-1 and 7-2 are of the same model, the computer determines whether the two sets of data are parallel and takes R f-1 , R f-2 The average of the two was taken as the final R of the parallel experiment. f value.

[0115] 4. The device can be used for parallel experiments of multiple identical filters such as 7-1 and 7-2, and can also simultaneously measure the membrane fouling resistance R of multiple different filters such as 7-1 and 7-2. f value.

[0116] In summary, the current devices for evaluating membrane contamination do not have a dialysate supply device on the dialysate side of the filter, and cannot provide a concentration gradient for the removal of molecules, which results in inaccurate membrane contamination in the final measurement. In addition, the existing devices cannot evaluate the membrane contamination of multiple filters at the same time, and are inefficient. The embodiment of the utility model provides a device for quantitatively evaluating membrane contamination, in which a dialysate supply device is provided on the dialysate side to provide a concentration gradient for the removal of molecules, and the device can evaluate the membrane contamination of multiple filters at the same time. This solution has the advantages of accuracy, high efficiency, and good repeatability.

[0117] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0118] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling, characterized in that: include: A first container (2), a second container (4) and a third container (12) for containing simulated liquid, physiological saline and waste liquid respectively, further comprising: a first power mechanism (5) and a plurality of test modules; The test module includes: a liquid inlet pressure sensor, a filter, a liquid outlet pressure sensor, a dialysate supply device and a dialysate filter device; The first container (2) and the second container (4) are both connected to the plurality of test module inlets via a liquid inlet pipeline and a multi-way valve, and the first container (2) and the third container (12) are both connected to the plurality of test module outlets via a liquid outlet pipeline and a multi-way valve; The first power mechanism (5) is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline and / or the liquid outlet pipeline; The dialysate inlet of the filter is connected to the dialysate supply device; The dialysate outlet of the filter is connected to the dialysate filtration device.

2. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dialysate supply device comprises: a bypass liquid inlet pipeline, a bypass liquid inlet container, a bypass liquid inlet power mechanism and a bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor; The dialysate inlet of the filter is connected to the bypass liquid inlet container through the bypass liquid inlet pipeline, and the bypass liquid inlet power mechanism and the bypass liquid inlet pressure sensor are arranged on the bypass liquid inlet pipeline.

3. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dialysate filtration device comprises: a filtrate power mechanism arranged on a filtrate pipeline, a filtrate pressure sensor and a viscometer.

4. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dialysate outlet of the filter is connected to the third container (12) via the filtrate pipeline.

5. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dialysate supply device further comprises: a bypass magnetic heating stirrer; The bypass magnetic heating stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the bypass liquid inlet container.

6. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dialysate supply device comprises a bypass inlet pipeline, a bypass inlet pressure sensor and a dialyzer, and the dialysate filtration device comprises a filtrate pressure sensor and a viscometer arranged on the filtrate pipeline and connected to the dialyzer.

7. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The liquid inlet pipeline comprises: a liquid inlet branch and a liquid inlet trunk; One end of the two liquid inlet branches is connected to the first container (2) and the second container (4) respectively, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid inlet main circuit through a first multi-way valve (3); The outlet of the liquid inlet trunk is connected to the plurality of test module inlets respectively via a third multi-way valve (18).

8. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The liquid outlet pipeline comprises: a liquid outlet main line and a liquid outlet branch line; Multiple groups of test module outlets are connected to the inlet of the liquid outlet trunk line through a fourth multi-way valve (19); One end of the two liquid outlet branches is connected to the outlet of the liquid outlet main line through a second multi-way valve (11), and the other end is connected to the first container (2) and the third container (12) respectively.

9. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a fourth power mechanism (21) and a fifth container (20) for containing an anticoagulant; The fifth container (20) is connected to the first container (2) via an anticoagulation pipeline, and the fourth power mechanism (21) is arranged on the anticoagulation pipeline.

10. The device for quantitatively evaluating membrane fouling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: computer; The liquid inlet pressure sensor, the liquid outlet pressure sensor, the dialysate supply device and the dialysate filtration device are all communicatively connected to the computer.

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