Power battery device and electric vehicle
By setting an energy-absorbing structure and through holes on the side of the box of the power battery device, the thermal safety and collision safety problems of the power battery are solved, and effective protection of the battery cell components and efficient heat dissipation are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420367446.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-02-27
AI Technical Summary
Power batteries have thermal safety and collision safety problems. Once some batteries catch fire, it is easy to cause other battery cells to catch fire. When the power battery box is hit, it is easy to transmit the collision force to the battery cell, resulting in damage to the battery cell.
A power battery device is designed, including a box, a battery cell module and an energy-absorbing structure. The side of the box is equipped with an energy-absorbing structure for absorbing impact forces and reducing transmission to the battery cell assembly. At the same time, through holes are provided on the side of the box. When the battery cell catches fire or smokes due to out of control, the fire and smoke can be discharged through the through holes to avoid high temperatures affecting other battery cells.
The energy-absorbing structure absorbs collision force, reduces damage to the battery cell assembly, and improves the collision safety factor; the through holes can effectively discharge fire and smoke, reduce the risk of the battery cell being out of control, and improves the thermal safety factor.
Smart Images
Figure CN222507818U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a power battery device and an electric vehicle. Background Art
[0002] Power batteries are one of the core components of new energy vehicles, and the safety of power batteries is an important indicator of new energy vehicles. At present, power batteries still have certain safety issues. For example, power batteries currently have thermal safety and collision safety. Once a part of the battery catches fire, it is easy to cause other cells to catch fire, and then cause thermal safety. When the power battery box is hit, it is also easy to transfer the collision to the battery cell, causing collision safety problems. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a power battery device and an electric vehicle that can improve both collision safety and thermal safety.
[0004] The power battery device provided in the present application comprises a case and a battery cell module arranged in the case, the battery cell module comprises a battery cell assembly and a cold plate for cooling the battery cell assembly, the battery cell assembly comprises a plurality of battery cells, the power battery device further comprises an energy absorbing structure, the case comprises a side portion, the energy absorbing structure is arranged between at least a portion of the side portion of the case and the side portion of the battery cell assembly, and the side portion of the case is provided with a first through hole that penetrates inside and outside.
[0005] In a specific embodiment, the power battery device further includes a partition, which is located on the inner side of the side of the box and fixed to the box, the energy absorption structure is located between the side of the box and the partition, and the partition is located on the side of the battery cell assembly.
[0006] In a specific embodiment, the energy absorbing structure is metal aluminum or a composite material.
[0007] In a specific embodiment, the partition is provided with a second through hole which penetrates inside and outside, and the inner side or the outer side of the second through hole is covered with a waterproof film.
[0008] In a specific embodiment, the cold plate passes through the partition and is located between the partition and the side of the box, and the outer surface of the portion of the cold plate passing through the partition is covered with a waterproof membrane.
[0009] In a specific embodiment, the portion of the cold plate passing through the partition is connected to the middle of the side of the box body, and the side of the box body is provided with two rows of the first through holes, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the middle of the side of the box body.
[0010] In a specific implementation, the power battery device includes two groups of the energy absorbing structures, and the two groups of the energy absorbing structures are respectively arranged on both sides of the cold plate.
[0011] In a specific implementation, the cold plate is welded or bonded to the side of the box.
[0012] In a specific embodiment, the battery cell assembly includes a first battery cell assembly and a second battery cell assembly, the first battery cell assembly includes two layers of first battery cell unit groups distributed up and down, each layer of the first battery cell unit group includes a plurality of vertically extending battery cells; the second battery cell assembly includes two layers of second battery cell unit groups distributed up and down, each layer of the second battery cell unit group includes a plurality of horizontally extending battery cells; one second battery cell assembly is respectively arranged on two sides of the first battery cell assembly that are relatively arranged along the width direction of the electric vehicle; one layer of the first battery cell unit group and the second battery cell unit group is arranged on one side of the cold plate, and another layer of the first battery cell unit group and the second battery cell unit group is arranged on the other side; the energy absorption structure is arranged between the side of the box and the second battery cell assembly.
[0013] The present application also provides an electric vehicle, which includes the power battery device described in any one of the above items.
[0014] In this application, when the power battery device is hit by an external force, the external force will act on the side of the box, and the collision force will be absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure, thereby reducing the transmission of the collision force to the battery cell assembly, protecting the battery cell assembly, reducing or avoiding deformation and other damage to the battery cell assembly caused by the collision, thereby improving the collision safety factor; at the same time, a first through hole is also provided on the side of the box. When the battery cell assembly loses control, catches fire and smokes due to external or internal factors, the fire and smoke can be discharged to the outside through the first through hole on the side of the box, so that the heat can be dissipated as soon as possible, protecting the remaining battery cells from being affected by high temperature and causing loss of control, thereby improving the thermal safety factor. Moreover, due to the provision of the energy-absorbing structure, the side of the box can also maintain the required strength requirements on the basis of providing the first through hole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power battery device in an embodiment of the present application;
[0016] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing that the energy absorption structure of the power battery device in this embodiment is arranged between the side beam and the partition;
[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the center side beam and cold plate extension section.
[0018] Figure 1-3 The reference numerals are described as follows:
[0019] 100-lower box; 101-side beam; 101a-first through hole; 102-partition plate; 100a-installation groove;
[0020] 200-battery cell module; 201-first battery cell assembly; 2011-first battery cell unit group; 202-second battery cell assembly; 2021-second battery cell unit group; 203-cold plate; 2031-cold plate extension;
[0021] 300-energy absorbing structure; 301-energy absorbing plate;
[0022] 400 - Waterproof membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 , 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power battery device in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the energy absorption structure 300 of the power battery device in this embodiment is provided between the side beam 101 and the partition 102, Figure 1 The energy absorbing structure 300 is not shown.
[0025] The power battery device in this embodiment is arranged at the bottom of the electric vehicle, generally below the chassis of the vehicle, and between the cockpit and the trunk. The power battery device includes a box body and a battery cell module 200 arranged in the box body, the battery cell module 200 includes a battery cell assembly and a cold plate 203 for cooling the battery cell assembly, and the battery cell assembly includes a plurality of battery cells. Specifically, the battery cell assembly in this embodiment includes a first battery cell assembly 201 and a second battery cell assembly 202, wherein the first battery cell assembly 201 includes a plurality of vertically extending battery cells, and the second battery cell assembly 202 includes a plurality of horizontally extending battery cells. In addition, the second battery cell assembly 202 is located on the side of the first battery cell assembly 201.
[0026] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the first battery cell assembly 201 includes multiple rows of vertically extending battery cells, which are located in the middle of the battery cell module 200. Specifically, the first battery cell assembly 201 includes two layers of first battery cell unit groups 2011, each of which includes multiple rows and columns of battery cells. The two layers of first battery cell unit groups 2011 are distributed up and down, and the up and down direction is perpendicular to the X and Y directions, which can be defined as the Z direction (shown in Figure 3In addition, the first battery cell assembly 201 is provided with a second battery cell assembly 202 on both sides along the X direction, and the second battery cell assembly 202 includes two layers of second battery cell unit groups 2021 distributed vertically and extending horizontally, and each second battery cell unit group 2021 includes a row of battery cells, and a row of battery cells is arranged along the Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular, and the XY plane is also a horizontal plane.
[0027] In addition, the cell module 200 in this embodiment further includes a cold plate 203, which is disposed in the middle of the cell assembly. As mentioned above, the first cell assembly 201 and the second cell assembly 202 of the cell assembly both include two groups of cell unit groups distributed up and down, and the cold plate 203 can be disposed between the two layers of cell unit groups. In this way, the two layers of the first cell unit group 2011 and the second cell unit group 2021 distributed up and down are separated by the cold plate 203, and both can be cooled by the cold plate 203. Of course, Figure 1 The structure shown is only one type of battery cell assembly. The battery cell assembly may also include only one layer of battery cell unit groups, and the cold plate 203 is arranged at the bottom. This embodiment does not limit the structure of the battery cell assembly.
[0028] You can continue to refer to Figure 1 , schematically illustrates the box of the power battery device in this embodiment, specifically illustrating the lower box 100, i.e., the lower half of the box of the battery power device, the box also includes an upper box, after the battery module 200 is placed in the lower box 100, the upper box and the lower box 100 are buckled together to form a complete box that seals the battery module 200. Among them, the lower box 100 includes side beams 101, the lower box 100 includes a bottom and a side portion arranged around the bottom, the lower box 100 in this embodiment is square, and the side portion of the lower box 100 includes four side beams 101, two side beams 101 opposite to each other in the X direction are respectively arranged opposite to the two groups of second battery cell assemblies 202, and energy absorption structures 300 can be arranged between the two side beams 101 and the corresponding second battery cell assemblies 202.
[0029] That is, the power battery device in this embodiment further includes an energy absorption structure 300, which is disposed between the side beam 101 and the side of the battery cell assembly, specifically between the second battery cell assembly 202 and the side beam 101. Figure 1As shown, the second battery cell assembly 202 is located on the outside of the battery cell assembly, and the battery cells in the second battery cell assembly 202 are arranged horizontally, which is more susceptible to vibration. In addition, the second battery cell assembly 202 is distributed along the X direction, which is also the left and right direction of the electric vehicle. The collision in the left and right directions of the electric vehicle is more easily transmitted to the power battery device. Because the power battery device has a distance from the front and rear of the electric vehicle in the Y direction, the impact of the collision is relatively small in the X direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, the energy absorption structure 300 is arranged between the second battery cell assembly 200 and the side beam 101. Of course, it is also possible to set the energy absorption structure 300 between the end of the first battery cell assembly 201 along the Y direction and the corresponding side beam 101, and this embodiment does not make specific restrictions. In addition, Figure 2 As shown, the side beam 101 is provided with a first through hole 101a which penetrates inside and outside. The inside and outside mentioned in this application are taken as a reference after the battery cell assembly is accommodated in the lower box 100. The side close to the battery cell assembly is the inside, and the opposite side is the outside.
[0030] It can be seen that when the side of the lower box body 100 is not square, for example, it is circular, the side beam 101 can be a circular ring or a part of a circular ring, that is, an energy absorption structure 300 is arranged between the entire side of the lower box body 100 and the battery cell assembly, or the energy absorption structure 300 is only arranged between a partial section of the side of the lower box body 100 and the battery cell assembly according to needs.
[0031] The energy absorbing structure 300 in this embodiment is Figure 2 As can be seen in the figure, a row of energy absorbing plates 301 may be included, and the energy absorbing plates 301 are arranged vertically, that is, the plate surface of the energy absorbing plates 301 extends vertically, and the multiple energy absorbing plates 301 are arranged along the X direction. The material of the energy absorbing structure 300 may be metal aluminum or other composite materials, and has the ability to collapse and deform in time during a collision, so as to achieve the purpose of absorbing the collision energy during a collision and reducing the transmission of the collision to the downstream.
[0032] With such arrangement, when the power battery device is subjected to an external force collision, the external force will act on the side beam 101 of the lower box body 100, and the collision force will be absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure 300, thereby reducing the transmission of the collision force to the battery cell assembly, protecting the battery cell assembly, reducing or avoiding deformation and other damage to the battery cell assembly caused by the collision, thereby improving the collision safety factor; at the same time, the side beam 101 is provided with a first through hole 101a, so when the battery cell assembly is caused to lose control and catch fire and smoke due to external or internal factors, the fire and smoke can be discharged to the outside through the first through hole 101a of the side beam 101, so that the heat can be dissipated as soon as possible, protecting the remaining battery cells from being affected by high temperature and causing loss of control, thereby improving the thermal safety factor, and, since the energy-absorbing structure 300 is provided, the side beam 101 of the lower box body 100 can maintain the required strength requirements on the basis of providing the first through hole 101a.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the power battery device in this embodiment further includes a partition 102, which is located on the inner side of the side beam 101 and fixed to the lower box body 100, and can be fixed to the bottom and side of the lower box body 100. The partition 102 can be understood as a rib of the lower box body 100. The partition 102, the side beam 101, and the bottom of the lower box body 100 enclose a receiving groove 100a. At this time, Figure 2 As shown, the energy absorbing structure 300 can be arranged between the side beam 101 and the partition 102, and the partition 102 is located on the side of the battery cell assembly, and is specifically arranged on the side of the second battery cell assembly 202. In this way, the partition 102 and the side beam 101 can be used as installation components of the energy absorbing structure 300, so that the energy absorbing structure 300 is convenient to fix, and the two ends of the energy absorbing structure 300 can be connected to the partition 102 and the side beam 101 respectively.
[0034] In this embodiment, you can continue to combine Figure 1 , 2 , and refer to Figure 3 understand, Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle side beam 101 and the cold plate extension section 2031.
[0035] exist Figure 2 , 3 In the embodiment, a portion of the cold plate 203 may pass through the partition 102 and be located between the partition 102 and the side beam 101. The portion of the cold plate 203 passing through the partition 102 may be defined as a cold plate extension section 2031 (shown in FIG. Figure 3 , Figure 2 The outer surface of the cold plate extension section 2031 is covered with a waterproof film 400. The waterproof film 400 may be a PET film, that is, the material is polyethylene terephthalate. The waterproof film 400 has waterproof properties and can melt at high temperatures. The high temperature here mainly refers to melting at the temperature at which the battery cell catches fire. The waterproof film 400 does not melt at low temperatures, and the waterproof film 400 will not be damaged when it is hit. Instead, it can increase the strength of the cold plate extension section 2031 and resist collision.
[0036] With such arrangement, under normal working conditions (non-collision and fire conditions), the cold plate extension section 2031 is covered with the waterproof film 400, which can play a role of waterproof sealing and is beneficial to the sealing of the cold plate 203. When a battery cell catches fire, the high temperature can melt the waterproof film 400. After the waterproof film 400 melts, smoke and fire can easily overflow from the position where the cold plate 203 passes through the partition 102, that is, a channel is formed at the position of the waterproof film 400, and smoke and fire can enter between the side beam 101 and the partition 102, and then be discharged from the first through hole 101a of the side beam 101. In addition, here the cold plate 203 extends between the side beam 101 and the partition 102, so that when a collision occurs, the collision force will also act on the cold plate extension section 2031 of the cold plate 203, and the cold plate extension section 2031 and the energy absorption structure 300 jointly resist the collision, thereby further reducing the damage to the battery cell assembly caused by the collision.
[0037] It can be seen that the cold plate 203 in this embodiment integrates cooling function, thermal safety protection and collision safety into an integrated structure, which can realize the cooling of the battery module and improve the thermal safety and collision safety of the battery module on the basis of reducing structural parts, reducing costs and reducing weight. It can be seen that the cold plate extension section 2031 is not provided with a flow channel, that is, the cold plate extension section 203 can be only an extension of the physical part of the cold plate 203, and does not need to flow cooling medium, as long as it is conducive to ensuring that the cold plate extension section 2031 will not affect the flow of cooling medium after being deformed by collision, and maintain its cooling performance.
[0038] Furthermore, the cold plate extension section 2031 can be connected to the side beam 101 to better absorb collision. The cold plate extension section 2031 and the side beam 101 can be bonded or welded, and the specific connection method is not limited.
[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the cold plate extension section 2031 can be connected to the middle of the side beam 101. At this time, the side beam 101 is provided with two rows of first through holes 101a, and the two rows of first through holes 101a are respectively arranged on both sides of the middle of the side beam 101. In this way, the cold plate extension section 2031 will not block the first through holes 101a, and the two rows of first through holes 101a are distributed up and down, which is conducive to the timely discharge of fire or smoke.
[0040] Look again Figure 2 At this time, the power battery device may include two groups of energy absorbing structures 300, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the cold plate 203, that is, located on the upper and lower sides of the cold plate 203. In this way, the energy absorbing structures 300 are distributed more evenly and absorb collisions together with the cold plate extension section 2031.
[0041] As another embodiment, the partition 102 may also be provided with a second through hole that penetrates inside and outside, and the inner side or outer side of the second through hole is covered with a waterproof film, and the cold plate 203 does not pass through the partition 102 at this time. The waterproof film also has waterproof properties, and the waterproof film will melt at high temperatures, that is, at high temperatures, the second through hole is in a conductive state, and the inner and outer sides of the partition 102 are connected. If a fire occurs in the battery cell, the fire and smoke can enter between the partition 102 and the side beam 101 from the position of the second through hole, and be discharged from the first through hole 101a of the side beam 101. A waterproof film is provided here, and under normal working conditions, the partition 102 separates the battery cell assembly on the inner side of the partition 102, which can play a better waterproof and protective function.
[0042] In the above embodiment, the energy absorbing structure 300 is arranged on the inner side of the side beam 101 of the lower box body 100. It can be seen that the position of the energy absorbing structure 300 is mainly determined by factors such as the structure of the battery module and the position that is easily affected by collision. Therefore, the energy absorbing structure 300 is not limited to being arranged on the lower box body 100. Figure 1 This is only an example, and those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments according to actual needs.
[0043] This embodiment also provides an electric vehicle, which includes the power battery device described in any of the above embodiments and has the same technical effects, which will not be described in detail.
[0044] Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A power battery device, comprising a box and a cell module arranged in the box, wherein the cell module comprises a cell assembly and a cold plate for cooling the cell assembly, wherein the cell assembly comprises a plurality of cells, characterized in that: The power battery device also includes an energy absorbing structure, the box body includes a side, an energy absorbing structure is arranged between at least part of the side of the box body and the side of the battery cell assembly, and the side of the battery cell assembly is provided with a first through hole that penetrates inside and outside.
2. The power battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power battery device also includes a partition, which is located on the inner side of the side of the box and fixed to the box, the energy absorption structure is located between the side of the box and the partition, and the partition is located on the side of the battery cell assembly.
3. The power battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy absorbing structure is made of metal aluminum or a composite material.
4. The power battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The partition is provided with a second through hole which penetrates inside and outside, and the inner side or the outer side of the second through hole is covered with a waterproof film.
5. The power battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cold plate passes through the partition and is located between the partition and the side of the box body, and the outer surface of the portion of the cold plate passing through the partition is covered with a waterproof membrane.
6. The power battery device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The portion of the cold plate passing through the partition is connected to the middle of the side of the box body. The side of the box body is provided with two rows of the first through holes, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the middle of the side of the box body.
7. The power battery device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power battery device comprises two groups of energy absorbing structures, and the two groups of energy absorbing structures are respectively arranged on both sides of the cold plate.
8. The power battery device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The cold plate is welded or bonded to the side of the box.
9. The power battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The battery cell assembly includes a first battery cell assembly and a second battery cell assembly, the first battery cell assembly includes two layers of first battery cell unit groups distributed up and down, each layer of the first battery cell unit group includes a plurality of vertically extending battery cells; the second battery cell assembly includes two layers of second battery cell unit groups distributed up and down, each layer of the second battery cell unit group includes a plurality of horizontally extending battery cells; one second battery cell assembly is respectively arranged on two sides of the first battery cell assembly that are relatively arranged along the width direction of the electric vehicle; one layer of the first battery cell unit group and the second battery cell unit group is arranged on one side of the cold plate, and another layer of the first battery cell unit group and the second battery cell unit group is arranged on the other side; the energy absorption structure is arranged between the side of the box and the second battery cell assembly.
10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: The electric vehicle comprises the power battery device according to any one of claims 1-9.