Three-dimensional shock isolation device
By designing a three-dimensional seismic isolation device including vertical seismic isolation unit and horizontal seismic isolation unit, the problem of buildings easily capsized under large earthquakes in the prior art is solved, and higher anti-capsulation performance and independent horizontal and vertical vibration isolation effects are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421250312.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-03
AI Technical Summary
The existing three-dimensional seismic isolation device is susceptible to overturning bending moments under large earthquakes, which increases the risk of building overturning and has poor vertical vibration isolation.
A three-dimensional shock isolation device is designed, including a vertical shock isolation unit and a horizontal shock isolation unit. The vertical shock isolation unit is composed of a vibration absorption spring and a telescopic guide. The telescopic guide controls the maximum length of the expansion through the limiting mechanism, so that the vibration absorption spring is always maintained in a compressed state.
By keeping the vibration absorbing spring in a compressed state, the anti-capsulation performance is improved, and it can resist a larger overturning bending moment when subjected to the same seismic energy, and the seismic isolation effect of horizontal and vertical decoupling and independent working is achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222541715U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of building seismic isolation, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional seismic isolation device. Background Art
[0002] The concept of traditional earthquake-resistant technology is to achieve the goal of "using rigidity to overcome rigidity" by increasing the strength and rigidity of the building itself. Building seismic isolation technology is different from traditional earthquake-resistant technology. Building seismic isolation technology consumes earthquake energy by setting up seismic isolation devices to achieve the goal of "using softness to overcome rigidity". At present, the main seismic isolation device used is the laminated rubber device, which isolates horizontal seismic vibrations by extending the natural vibration period of the structure and has a good horizontal seismic isolation effect. However, the vertical stiffness of the laminated rubber is large, and the seismic isolation effect on vertical earthquakes is poor.
[0003] At present, although there are some three-dimensional seismic isolation devices that have both horizontal and vertical vibration isolation functions, due to their low vertical stiffness, buildings will be subjected to large overturning bending moments under larger earthquakes, and the risk of building overturning increases. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and provide a three-dimensional seismic isolation device.
[0005] The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional seismic isolation device comprises a vertical seismic isolation unit, and a first horizontal seismic isolation unit and a second horizontal seismic isolation unit are respectively arranged at two ends of the vertical seismic isolation unit;
[0006] The vertical seismic isolation unit includes a vibration absorbing spring and a telescopic guide tube; the two ends of the telescopic guide tube are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit; the vibration absorbing spring is sleeved in the telescopic guide tube, and the maximum length of the telescopic guide tube after extension is less than the original length of the vibration absorbing spring, so that the vibration absorbing spring is maintained in a compressed state.
[0007] Furthermore, the telescopic guide cylinder includes an inner guide cylinder and an outer guide cylinder, the first end of the inner guide cylinder and the first end of the outer guide cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit; the second end of the inner guide cylinder is sleeved in the second end of the outer guide cylinder to form a sliding connection; a limiting mechanism is used between the inner guide cylinder and the outer guide cylinder to control the maximum extension length of the telescopic guide cylinder.
[0008] Furthermore, the limiting mechanism includes an outer convex portion arranged on the second end of the inner guide tube, and an inner convex portion arranged on the second end of the outer guide tube, and the outer guide tube can slide along the outer wall of the inner guide tube through the inner convex portion and stop at the outer convex portion of the inner guide tube.
[0009] Furthermore, the radial thickness of the outer convex portion is equal to the radial thickness of the inner convex portion, and the radial thickness of the inner convex portion is greater than the wall thickness of the outer guide tube.
[0010] Furthermore, the radial thickness of the inner convex portion is 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness of the outer guide tube.
[0011] Furthermore, the outer convex portion is an outer convex ring or an outer convex block, and the inner convex portion is an inner convex ring or an inner convex block.
[0012] Furthermore, the vibration absorbing spring is a ring spring or a disc spring.
[0013] Furthermore, the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit are both friction pendulums, and the friction pendulums include a slider and a guide slide; the sliding surface at one end of the slider is slidably connected to the sliding surface of the guide slide, and the other end of the slider is fixedly connected to the telescopic guide cylinder.
[0014] Furthermore, the guide surface of the guide slide plate is an arc-shaped surface, and the sliding surface of the slider has the same curvature radius as that of the guide surface.
[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a first auxiliary spring and / or a second auxiliary spring, wherein the two ends of the first auxiliary spring are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second end of the outer guide tube, and the two ends of the second auxiliary spring are respectively connected to the second horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second end of the inner guide tube.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model include:
[0017] 1. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device of the utility model maintains the vibration absorbing spring in a compressed state during the entire deformation process through a telescopic guide tube, thereby preventing the spring from exceeding the original length after being compressed and rebounding. Exceeding the original length will cause the vibration absorbing spring to be in a tensile state, and the tensile state will reduce the anti-overturning performance.
[0018] 2. It takes more external force to lift the vibration-absorbing spring from a compressed state to a tensile state. Therefore, when subjected to the same seismic energy, the compressed spring can resist a larger overturning bending moment.
[0019] 3. The structural design of horizontal isolation and vertical isolation makes the horizontal and vertical directions of the three-dimensional isolation device decoupled and work independently of each other, which is convenient for design and modification.
[0020] 4. Horizontal seismic isolation units are installed at both ends to better absorb horizontal vibrations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a seismic isolation device for realizing the utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the force analysis of the ring spring;
[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of another seismic isolation device for realizing the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Existing seismic isolation devices can generally only isolate horizontal earthquake motions. However, for places with large vertical excitations, such as subway stations, not only horizontal seismic isolation but also vertical seismic isolation is required. In addition, under large earthquakes, buildings are subjected to large overturning moments. Due to the low vertical stiffness of the seismic isolation device, the building is prone to overturning.
[0025] In order to meet the seismic isolation requirements in vertical excitation situations, the utility model provides a three-dimensional seismic isolation device, including a vertical seismic isolation unit, wherein a first horizontal seismic isolation unit and a second horizontal seismic isolation unit are respectively arranged at both ends of the vertical seismic isolation unit;
[0026] The vertical seismic isolation unit includes a vibration absorbing spring and a telescopic guide tube; the two ends of the telescopic guide tube are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit; the vibration absorbing spring is sleeved in the telescopic guide tube, and the maximum length of the telescopic guide tube after extension is less than the original length of the vibration absorbing spring, so that the vibration absorbing spring is maintained in a compressed state. The original length of the vibration absorbing spring refers to the natural extension length of the spring when no force is applied.
[0027] In this specific embodiment, the building is supported on a seismic isolation device, which is fixedly connected to the building through a first horizontal seismic isolation unit, and the seismic isolation device is fixedly connected to the foundation through a second horizontal seismic isolation unit. Under horizontal seismic vibrations, the two horizontal seismic isolation units absorb the horizontal seismic vibrations and generate horizontal reciprocating motions, thereby isolating the transmission of horizontal seismic energy to the building by reducing the natural vibration period of the structure and consuming friction energy. Under vertical excitation, the vertical seismic isolation unit absorbs the vertical excitation energy, and the vibration-absorbing spring converts the vertical excitation into potential energy, thereby isolating the transmission of the vertical excitation to the building. The seismic isolation device absorbs horizontal earthquakes and vertical vibrations while supporting the building, thereby reducing the impact on the building.
[0028] Since the vibration-absorbing spring in the seismic isolation device of the utility model is always maintained in a compressed state under the action of the telescopic guide tube, more external force is required to do work from a compressed state to a lifted state than from a non-compressed state to a lifted state. Therefore, when subjected to the same seismic energy, the compressed spring can resist a larger overturning bending moment, and the overturning bending moment is equal to the horizontal force generated by the large earthquake multiplied by the distance of the center of gravity of the building from the ground.
[0029] The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0030] like Figure 1In the present specific embodiment, the telescopic guide cylinder comprises an inner guide cylinder 2 and an outer guide cylinder 3, the first end of the inner guide cylinder and the first end of the outer guide cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit 4 and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit 5; the second end of the inner guide cylinder 2 is sleeved in the second end of the outer guide cylinder 3 to form a sliding connection; a limiting mechanism is used between the inner guide cylinder and the outer guide cylinder to control the maximum extension length of the telescopic guide cylinder.
[0031] In this specific embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes an outer convex portion 201 arranged on the second end of the inner guide tube 2, and an inner convex portion 301 arranged on the second end of the outer guide tube 3, the inner convex portion refers to the protruding portion toward the inner guide tube, and the outer convex portion refers to the protruding portion toward the outer guide tube, and the outer guide tube 3 can slide along the outer wall of the inner guide tube 2 through the inner convex portion 301 and stop at the outer convex portion 201 of the inner guide tube 2.
[0032] In this specific embodiment, the outer convex part is an outer convex ring or an outer convex block, and the inner convex part is an inner convex ring or an inner convex block. Preferably, the outer convex part is an outer convex ring, and the inner convex part is an inner convex ring, which can increase the restraint area and improve the sealing performance.
[0033] In this specific embodiment, the radial thickness of the outer convex portion is equal to the radial thickness of the inner convex portion, and the radial thickness of the inner convex portion is greater than the wall thickness of the outer guide tube. When the outer guide tube slides relative to the inner guide tube, not only the outer wall surface of the inner guide tube can guide the outer guide tube, but also the end surface of the outer convex portion of the inner guide tube can guide the outer guide tube, and at the same time, the restraining capacity of the vibration absorbing spring is increased.
[0034] It should be noted that the radial thickness of the outer convex portion refers to the length extending from the outer wall surface of the inner guide sleeve along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the outer guide sleeve. The radial thickness of the inner convex portion refers to the length extending from the inner wall surface of the outer guide sleeve along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the inner guide sleeve.
[0035] In this specific embodiment, the radial thickness of the inner convex portion is 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness of the outer guide tube, which can increase the strength of the outer convex portion and improve the pull-out resistance and overturning resistance.
[0036] In this specific implementation, the vibration absorbing spring is a ring spring or a disc spring.
[0037] Preferably, the ring spring is also called an annular spring. It is a compression spring composed of several pairs of outer rings with inner conical surfaces and inner rings with outer conical surfaces. The inner ring and the outer ring of the annular spring are assembled and connected, and can be disassembled and replaced.
[0038] refer to Figure 2As described above, when the annular spring is subjected to an axial load P, a normal force component is generated on the contact surface of the inner and outer rings. The inner ring is subjected to pressure f1 and its diameter is reduced, and the outer ring is subjected to tension f2 and its diameter is expanded. In this process, the rings rub against each other and slide relative to each other, and are squeezed together under the action of the load to produce axial deformation.
[0039] When the annular spring is subjected to force, its vertical axial force P is balanced by the pressure perpendicular to the contact surface and the friction parallel to the contact surface. As the axial force P increases, if the annular spring is to be compressed, the friction of the contact surface must be balanced first, which is equivalent to increasing the stiffness of the spring.
[0040] Therefore, the ring spring can consume energy by being deformed under pressure and by friction, and has an excellent vibration absorption effect. At the same time, it increases the stiffness of the vertical vibration isolation unit, thereby improving the anti-overturning performance.
[0041] In order to further improve the performance of the vertical isolation unit, refer to Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a first auxiliary spring 7 and / or a second auxiliary spring 8, wherein the two ends of the first auxiliary spring 7 are respectively fixedly connected to the first slider 402 of the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second end of the outer guide tube 3, and the two ends of the second auxiliary spring 8 are respectively connected to the second slider 502 of the second horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second end of the inner guide tube 2.
[0042] The first auxiliary spring and / or the second auxiliary spring can absorb vertical excitation energy during deformation, thereby improving the vibration absorption performance of the vertical seismic isolation unit, and at the same time provide vertical tension for the guide tube to improve the pull-out resistance.
[0043] In this specific embodiment, the first horizontal seismic isolation unit 4 and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit 5 are both friction pendulums, which include a slider and a guide slide; the sliding surface at one end of the slider is slidably connected to the sliding surface of the guide slide, and the other end of the slider is fixedly connected to the telescopic guide cylinder.
[0044] The outer guide tube 3 and the inner guide tube 2 are connected to the corresponding horizontal seismic isolation unit through their respective connecting plates 6: the inner guide tube 2 is welded to the connecting plate 6, and the connecting plate 6 is connected to the first slider 402 through screws; the outer guide tube 3 is welded to the connecting plate 6, and the connecting plate 6 is connected to the second slider 502 through screws.
[0045] Preferably, the guide surface of the guide slide plate is an arc-shaped surface, and the sliding surface of the sliding block has the same curvature radius as that of the guide surface.
[0046] Without considering friction, the swing period T of the friction pendulum is only determined by the equivalent curvature radius R of the guide surface, and the calculation formula is:
[0047]
[0048] Where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
[0049] The swing period of the friction pendulum is only related to its equivalent radius of curvature R, and has nothing to do with the superstructure. This feature is beneficial to the seismic isolation design of buildings and has self-reset capability. In addition, friction can also make the friction pendulum damped and dissipate earthquake energy.
[0050] The seismic isolation principle and working process of the three-dimensional seismic isolation device in this specific implementation manner are described below.
[0051] Under the action of horizontal earthquake, the annular spring is constrained by the telescopic guide tube and cannot slide horizontally. Therefore, the horizontal stiffness of the annular spring group is close to infinity, and the horizontal stiffness of the three-dimensional seismic isolation device is only determined by the upper and lower friction pendulums. Therefore, the upper and lower friction pendulums can deform horizontally, which, on the one hand, reduces the transmission of horizontal subway excitation to the upper building structure; on the other hand, through the reciprocating motion of the friction pendulum, it dissipates energy and protects the safety of the structure, thereby isolating horizontal vibration.
[0052] Under vertical excitation, the vertical stiffness of the upper and lower horizontal isolation units is much greater than the vertical stiffness of the annular spring group, so the vertical stiffness of the three-dimensional isolation device is determined only by the annular spring. The vertical vibration wave is generated and propagates to the surrounding soil layer and is transmitted to the bottom of the foundation structure. The vertical fundamental frequency of the isolation device is reduced by the annular spring, avoiding the dominant frequency of the vertical vibration wave, thereby reducing the transmission of vertical vibration to the upper building structure; at the same time, during the deformation of the annular spring, the kinetic energy generated by the vertical vibration wave is converted into potential energy, and the friction resistance consumes part of the vibration energy, thereby isolating the vertical subway excitation.
[0053] refer to Figure 1 As described, when a horizontal earthquake occurs, the three-dimensional seismic isolation device absorbs horizontal seismic energy through the relative sliding of the upper and lower horizontal seismic isolation units, which is specifically manifested as follows: the horizontal seismic vibration is first transmitted to the second guide slide 501 fixedly connected to the foundation of the seismic isolation layer, and the second guide slide 501 moves horizontally. Due to the friction between the second guide slide and the second slider 502, the second slider 502 will slide relative to the second guide slide 501. Since the first slider 402 is connected to the second slider 502 as a whole through the telescopic guide cylinder, the first slider 402 will synchronously slide relative to the first guide slide 401, and the first guide slide 401 basically remains stationary, so the building fixedly connected to the first guide slide 401 can maintain horizontal stability.
[0054] Under the action of vertical excitation, the vertical excitation is transmitted to the annular spring 1 and the outer guide tube 3 through the second horizontal seismic isolation unit 5, the annular spring deforms to absorb vibration, and the outer guide tube 3 slides relative to the inner guide tube 2. After the vibration excitation ends, the device returns to its initial state, that is, the maximum extension state of the telescopic guide tube.
[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0056] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships described in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0057] The above technical scheme is only a specific implementation method of the utility model. For those skilled in the art, it is easy to make various types of improvements or modifications based on the principles disclosed in the utility model, and it is not limited to the technical scheme described in the above specific embodiments of the utility model. Therefore, the above description is only preferred and does not have a restrictive meaning.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional seismic isolation device, characterized in that: It comprises a vertical seismic isolation unit, wherein a first horizontal seismic isolation unit and a second horizontal seismic isolation unit are respectively arranged at two ends of the vertical seismic isolation unit; The vertical seismic isolation unit includes a vibration absorbing spring and a telescopic guide tube; the two ends of the telescopic guide tube are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit; the vibration absorbing spring is sleeved in the telescopic guide tube, and the maximum length of the telescopic guide tube after extension is less than the original length of the vibration absorbing spring, so that the vibration absorbing spring is maintained in a compressed state.
2. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic guide cylinder includes an inner guide cylinder and an outer guide cylinder, the first end of the inner guide cylinder and the first end of the outer guide cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit; the second end of the inner guide cylinder is sleeved in the second end of the outer guide cylinder to form a sliding connection; a limiting mechanism is used between the inner guide cylinder and the outer guide cylinder to control the maximum extension length of the telescopic guide cylinder.
3. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism includes an outer convex portion arranged on the second end of the inner guide tube, and an inner convex portion arranged on the second end of the outer guide tube, and the outer guide tube can slide along the outer wall of the inner guide tube through the inner convex portion and stop at the outer convex portion of the inner guide tube.
4. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radial thickness of the outer convex portion is equal to the radial thickness of the inner convex portion, and the radial thickness of the inner convex portion is greater than the wall thickness of the outer guide tube.
5. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radial thickness of the inner convex portion is 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness of the outer guide tube.
6. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer convex part is an outer convex ring or an outer convex block, and the inner convex part is an inner convex ring or an inner convex block.
7. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vibration absorbing spring is a ring spring or a disc spring.
8. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second horizontal seismic isolation unit are both friction pendulums, and the friction pendulums include a slider and a guide slide; the sliding surface at one end of the slider is slidably connected to the guide sliding surface of the guide slide, and the other end of the slider is fixedly connected to the telescopic guide cylinder.
9. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The guide sliding surface of the guide sliding plate is an arc-shaped surface, and the sliding surface of the sliding block has the same curvature radius as that of the guide sliding surface.
10. The three-dimensional seismic isolation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a first auxiliary spring and / or a second auxiliary spring, wherein the two ends of the first auxiliary spring are respectively fixedly connected to the first horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second end of the outer guide tube, and the two ends of the second auxiliary spring are respectively connected to the second horizontal seismic isolation unit and the second end of the inner guide tube.