Blast hole arrangement structure for one-time well completion of high-depth blind raise

Abstract

The utility model discloses a blast hole arrangement structure for one-time well completion of a high-depth blind courtyard, which is characterized in that a central charging hole is arranged at the center of the round end face of the blind courtyard, and a protection ring, a slotting ring, a slot expanding ring and a peripheral hole are sequentially arranged from inside to outside by taking the central charging hole as a circle center, charging holes and empty holes are alternately formed in the slotting ring and the slotting ring, the charging holes distributed outside the slotting area are peripheral holes, the central charging hole, the protection ring and the slotting ring jointly form a slotting area, the charging holes in the slotting area are slotting holes, the slotting holes and the peripheral empty holes of the slotting holes form a plurality of slotting blasting areas, the charging holes in the slotting area are slotting hole expanding holes, and the central charging hole and the peripheral empty holes of the slotting hole form a plurality of slotting blasting areas. The groove expanding holes and the slotting holes in the slotting ring are distributed according to the maximum dislocation principle, and all the charging holes are filled with explosives. According to the utility model, the arrangement structure that the empty holes surround the charging holes is formed, so that multi-cutting of single blasting and effective protection of the adjacent charging holes can be realized, and the utility model has the advantages that the success rate of one-time blasting well formation is high, and the well formation depth can reach 18m or more.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of mine blasting, and particularly relates to a blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well formation of a high-depth blind shaft. Background Art

[0002] The shaft excavation project is an important part of mine development and mining engineering. Among them, during the vertical shaft excavation process, the blasting conditions in the slot area directly determine the success or failure of the well formation and the blasting effect of the one-time blasting. Therefore, it is very important to reasonably select the slot layout form and blasthole arrangement parameters, especially for the formation of high-depth blind shafts using the medium-depth hole one-time well formation method.

[0003] During the mining process, according to the vein conditions and production needs, there are situations where the height of the well must exceed 15m and the depth of the well must exceed 15m. The blasthole arrangement structure of the traditional medium-deep hole one-time well method is to arrange a charging hole in the middle and several empty holes around it. The middle hole is first blasted to form a cavity, and then the auxiliary hole and the surrounding holes are blasted. The single-shot blasting height is designed to be 1.5-2m. Different sections are set in a single blasthole, and multiple detonators are arranged. During blasting, the blasting is carried out in sections from bottom to top in a micro-difference blasting manner to form a tower blasting until the blasting is completed. This arrangement has many defects: first, the blasting of a single slot hole is prone to failure or the blasting depth is insufficient, resulting in insufficient compensation space for subsequent blasting and high subsequent processing costs; second, due to the small height of single-shot blasting, the number of blasting times is large, and the number of detonators and sections to be laid is large, which is prone to errors; third, the failure of blasting of individual holes or a certain layer during blasting can easily lead to the failure of the entire shaft blasting; fourth, the hole spacing of the charging holes is too small, and when the well depth is large, the hole deflection phenomenon is obvious, the bottom of the hole is easy to be perforated, and the first blasting hole is easy to damage the adjacent charging hole, etc. The success rate of one-time blasting well formation using this one-time well formation method is low, and the final blasting height is insufficient, which is not suitable for vertical shaft excavation of 15m and above. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to propose a blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well completion of a high-depth blind shaft, so as to solve the problem of low one-time well completion rate caused by the problems of insufficient blasting depth of the slot holes, small hole spacing, many detonator sections, and easy layout errors when using the existing one-time well completion method for medium-depth holes.

[0005] The utility model is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0006] The utility model proposes a blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind skylight. The end face of the blasting zone of the blind skylight is circular, a central charge hole is arranged at the center point of the blasting zone, a circle of empty holes is arranged at equal angles on the periphery of the central charge hole as a protection circle with the central charge hole as the center, a groove circle is arranged outside the protection circle, blastholes are arranged at equal intervals on the groove circle, the blastholes on the groove circle are charge holes and empty holes arranged alternately, the central charge hole, the protection circle and the groove circle are arranged together The blasting zone is composed of a grooved area, and the charging holes in the grooved area are all set as grooved holes. The grooved holes and the surrounding empty holes form a number of grooved blasting areas. The periphery of the blind skylight blasting area is evenly spaced with peripheral holes. Between the grooved area and the peripheral holes is an expanded groove area. A number of charging holes and empty holes are arranged at intervals in the expanded groove area. The charging holes are expanded groove holes. The expanded groove holes and the grooved holes on the grooved ring are arranged according to the principle of maximum dislocation. The charging holes are all filled with explosives.

[0007] Based on the above technical scheme, the groove area is composed of multiple groove holes, and each groove hole and the surrounding empty holes form multiple groups of groove blasting areas. The groove area is provided with an expanded groove area formed by the expansion groove holes and the empty holes arranged at intervals. When the blasting of the central groove hole fails or the blasting height is insufficient, a spare groove blasting area can be formed by the groove holes on the groove ring to ensure that sufficient compensation space is provided for subsequent blasting, and the blasting energy of the first blasting hole is absorbed by the empty holes to protect the surrounding charging holes, effectively improve the blasting success rate of each charging hole, and ultimately improve the success rate of well completion by one blasting to reach the preset well completion depth.

[0008] Preferably, at least one expansion groove ring is provided in the expansion groove area, and charging holes and empty holes are arranged at equal intervals and alternately on the expansion groove ring. The expansion groove holes and the cutting groove holes on the cutting groove ring are staggered. Through this structure, the number of blast holes in the expansion groove area can be reduced, thereby reducing construction costs.

[0009] Preferably, at least one slot expansion blasting circle composed of a plurality of slot expansion holes and at least one pre-splitting circle composed of a plurality of empty holes are provided in the slot expansion area. The innermost slot expansion blasting circle is arranged adjacent to the slot cutting area and the slot expansion holes of the slot expansion blasting circle are staggered with the slot cutting holes on the slot cutting circle. The slot expansion blasting circle and the pre-splitting circle are arranged alternately. This structure can better protect adjacent charging holes and increase the blasting success rate.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the empty hole is 1.5 times the diameter of the charge hole, that is, the diameter of the empty hole is 120 mm, and the diameter of the charge hole is 76 mm, so as to adapt to conventional drilling equipment, increase the drilling success rate and reduce the charge amount.

[0011] Furthermore, the radius of the groove area is 0.4-0.6m, and the distance between any two adjacent blast holes in the groove area is 0.2-0.4m, so as to ensure that the groove area can form sufficient compensation space.

[0012] Furthermore, the hole spacing between the central charging hole and the empty hole of the protection circle is 0.3m, and the spacing between adjacent empty holes of the protection circle and adjacent blast holes of the groove circle is 0.3m. This design can better take into account the hole deviation rate and blasting effect of the vertical hole, and is conducive to setting a reasonable number and position of blast holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the depth of each blast hole in the blasting area exceeds the preset well depth by at least 1m, and the blast holes in the groove area are 0.5m-1.0m deeper than the blast holes in the expansion area and the surrounding holes, so as to form a sufficient groove height to ensure that the preset well height is reached.

[0014] Furthermore, detonating warheads are arranged at equal intervals in the charging holes, the detonating warheads in the groove holes and the expanded groove holes are arranged at a spacing of 3.5m, and the detonating warheads in the peripheral holes are arranged at a spacing of 6m, so as to ensure that after the detonating blast holes are cut off and then the detonating blast holes are detonated, the remaining explosives can still be detonated, ensuring that each blast hole is completely blasted, thereby improving the success rate of one-time well completion.

[0015] Furthermore, a detonator is provided outside the blasting area, and the detonating warheads in each charge hole are connected to the detonator through a detonating cord and / or a detonator leg wire to form a cluster detonation network.

[0016] Furthermore, the detonating warhead is composed of a half-second detonating cord detonator and an emulsion explosive strip.

[0017] Beneficial Effects

[0018] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0019] 1) A plurality of slot holes are used to form a slot area. Each slot hole in the slot area and the surrounding empty holes form multiple slot blasting areas. An expansion slot area is arranged outside the slot area, which is formed by the expansion slot holes and the empty holes. When the blasting of the central slot hole fails or the blasting height is insufficient, a spare slot blasting area can be formed by the slot holes on the slot ring to ensure that sufficient compensation space is provided for subsequent blasting. The empty holes absorb the blasting energy of the first blasting hole to protect the surrounding charging holes, effectively improve the blasting success rate of each charging hole, and finally improve the success rate of well completion by one blasting, so as to reach the preset well completion depth and the well completion depth can reach 18m or more. 2) By setting the depth of the blastholes in the groove area to be 0.5m-1.0m deeper than the blastholes outside the groove area and arranging the detonating warheads in the groove holes and the expanded slot holes at a spacing of 3.5m, the charge holes in the two areas can be completely blasted, and the height of the groove area can reach the depth of the remaining charge holes, thereby reaching the preset well height and ensuring that the well depth can reach 18m or more. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the blasthole arrangement structure Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 2 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the blasthole arrangement structure Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blasthole charging structure of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detonation network of the utility model;

[0025] In the figure: the groove area 100; the central charging hole 10; the protection circle 11; the groove circle 12; the groove expansion area 200; the groove expansion circle 21; the groove expansion blasting circle 22; the pre-splitting circle 23; the peripheral hole 30; the detonating warhead 40; the detonating network 50; the detonator 51; the detonating cord 52; the detonator leg line 53. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the implementation manner of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0027] The utility model provides a blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well formation of a high-depth blind skylight. The end face of the blasting zone of the blind skylight is circular. A central charge hole 10 is arranged at the center point of the blasting zone. A circle of empty holes is arranged at equal angles on the periphery of the central charge hole 10 as the center of the circle as a protection circle 11. A groove circle 12 is arranged outside the protection circle 11. Blast holes are arranged at equal intervals on the groove circle 12. The blast holes on the groove circle 12 are charge holes and empty holes arranged alternately. The central charge hole 10, the protection circle 11 and the groove circle 12 together constitute a groove area 100 of the blasting zone. The charging holes in the groove area 100 are all set as groove holes, and the groove holes and the surrounding empty holes form a number of groove blasting areas. The radius of the groove area 100 is set to 0.4-0.6m, and the distance between any two adjacent blast holes in the groove area 100 is 0.2-0.4m. Preferably, the hole spacing between the central charging hole 10 and the empty hole of the protection circle 11 is 0.3m, and the distance between adjacent empty holes of the protection circle 11 and adjacent blast holes of the groove circle 12 is 0.3m, so as to ensure that the groove area 100 can form sufficient compensation space and better take into account the hole deviation rate and blasting effect of the vertical hole. The peripheral holes 30 are arranged at equal intervals around the blind shaft blasting area, and the expansion area 200 is between the groove area 100 and the peripheral holes 30. A plurality of charging holes and empty holes are arranged at intervals in the expansion area 200. The charging holes are expansion holes. The expansion holes and the groove holes on the groove ring 12 are arranged according to the principle of maximum dislocation, and the charging holes are filled with explosives. Preferably, as Figure 1 As shown, the expansion area 200 may be provided with at least one expansion ring 21 in the expansion area 200, the number of the expansion rings 21 is determined according to the required well diameter, the expansion rings 21 are arranged with equal spacing and alternately with charge holes and empty holes, the expansion holes and the cut holes on the cut ring 12 are arranged in a staggered manner, and this structure can reduce the number of blast holes in the expansion area 200 and reduce the construction cost; Figure 2 As shown, the slot expansion area 200 can also be provided with at least one slot expansion blasting circle 22 composed of a plurality of slot expansion holes and at least one pre-splitting circle 23 composed of a plurality of empty holes in the slot expansion area 200, the number of the slot expansion blasting circles 22 and the pre-splitting circles 23 is determined by the required diameter of the well, the innermost slot expansion blasting circle 22 is arranged adjacent to the groove cutting area 100 and the slot expansion holes of the slot expansion blasting circle 22 are staggered with the groove cutting holes on the groove cutting circle 12, the slot expansion blasting circle 22 and the pre-splitting circle 23 are arranged alternately, and this structure can better protect the adjacent charging holes and make the blasting success rate higher.

[0028] Furthermore, the apertures of the aforementioned empty holes are the same, the apertures of the charging holes are also the same, and the aperture of the empty holes is 1.5 times the aperture of the charging holes. Preferably, the aperture of the empty holes is 120 mm, and the aperture of the charging holes is 76 mm, so as to adapt to conventional drilling equipment; the depth of each blast hole exceeds the preset well depth by at least 1 m, and the blast hole in the grooving area 100 is 0.5 m-1.0 m deeper than the blast hole in the expansion area 200 and the surrounding holes 30.

[0029] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, the charging holes are evenly spaced with detonating warheads 40, wherein the spacing between the detonating warheads 40 in the cutout holes and the expanded slot holes is 3.5 m, and the spacing between the detonating warheads 40 in the peripheral holes 30 is 6 m, and the detonating warheads 40 are composed of half-second detonating cord detonators and emulsion explosive strips; Figure 4 As shown, a detonator 51 is provided outside the blasting area, and the detonating warheads 40 in each charge hole are connected to the detonator 51 through a detonating cord 52 and / or a detonator leg wire 53 to form a cluster detonation network 50.

[0030] The following is a specific explanation using the example of forming a φ3m circular blind well with a depth of 17.16m:

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a φ76mm central charge hole 10 is arranged at the center of the end face of the φ3m circular blind shaft blasting area. The central charge hole 10 is used as the main slot hole. A protection circle 11 with a radius of 0.3m is arranged on the periphery of the central charge hole 10 as the center. Six φ120mm holes are arranged at equal angles on the protection circle 11. The hole spacing of each hole is set to 0.3m. The protection circle 11 is used to absorb the energy transmitted outward when the central charge hole 10 is blasted to avoid damaging the surrounding charge holes. The central charge hole 10 and the protection circle 11 form the main slot blasting area; a slot circle 12 with a radius of 0.6m is set outside the protection circle 11. The slot circle 12 and the protection circle 11 are connected to each other. The vertical distance of the circle 11 is 0.3m. The φ76mm charging holes and φ120mm empty holes are alternately arranged on the groove circle 12 at a hole spacing of 0.3m. The φ76mm charging holes are also set as groove holes. There are 6 groove holes and 6 empty holes, which are surrounded by φ120mm empty holes to form a spare groove blasting area. The central charging hole 10 (main groove hole), the protection circle 11 and the groove circle 12 together constitute the groove area 100 of the circular blind shaft. The depth of all blastholes in the groove area 100 is set to 18.65m, which is 1.5m deeper than the preset well height to ensure that the depth of the groove area 100 and the compensation space formed meet the requirements. In actual operation, when the blasting in the main slot hole blasting area fails or the compensation space formed is insufficient, the spare slot hole blasting area can continue to blast to make up for the compensation space that should be formed in the slot hole 100. When the blasting in the main slot hole blasting area is successful, the spare slot hole blasting area is used to expand the slot.

[0032] A groove expansion ring 21 with a radius of 1.05m is arranged outside the groove excavation area 100 to form a groove expansion area 200. On the groove expansion ring 21, φ76mm charging holes and φ120mm empty holes are alternately arranged at a hole spacing of 0.4, wherein the φ76mm charging holes are set as groove expansion holes, and the number of both the groove expansion holes and the empty holes is set to 8. The groove expansion holes and the groove excavation holes on the groove expansion ring 12 are arranged in a staggered manner, that is, when arranging, the empty holes on the groove expansion ring 21 are arranged relative to the groove excavation holes on the ferrule. When this requirement cannot be met, they are arranged at the relative maximum hole spacing between the two. Around the blind skylight blasting area, that is, outside the groove expansion area 200, 30 circles of peripheral holes with a radius of 1.5m are arranged, and 8 φ76mm peripheral holes 30 are arranged thereon at a hole spacing of 1.15m to ensure the regularity of blasting formation. The depth of each blast hole in the aforementioned expansion zone 200 and the peripheral holes 30 is set to 18.16m, which is 1.0m deeper than the preset well height and 0.5m shallower than the blast holes in the trenching zone 100.

[0033] As a feasible implementation method, Figure 2 As shown, the structure of the slot expansion area 200 can also be that an inner slot expansion blasting circle 22 with a radius of 0.8m is arranged outside the slot cutting area 100, and 4 φ76mm charging holes are arranged at equal intervals on the inner slot expansion blasting circle 22 as inner slot expansion holes, and the inner slot expansion holes are opposite to the empty holes on the slot cutting circle 12, and a pre-splitting circle 23 with a radius of 1.0m is arranged outside the slot expansion blasting circle 22, and an outer slot expansion blasting circle 22 with a radius of 1.2m is arranged outside the pre-splitting circle 23, and 6 φ76mm charging holes are arranged on the outer slot expansion blasting circle 22 as outer slot expansion holes. The inner slot expansion blasting circle 22, the pre-splitting circle 23 and the outer slot expansion blasting circle 22 together constitute the slot expansion area 200. This arrangement structure requires the arrangement of more empty holes, which will increase the construction cost to a certain extent, but can form a better isolation for adjacent charging holes, and the success rate of well drilling by one blasting is higher.

[0034] After the blasthole is excavated, Figure 3 As shown, detonating warheads 40 made of half-second detonating cord detonators and emulsion explosive strips are evenly spaced in all charging holes, among which the spacing between detonating warheads 40 in the slotted holes and expanded slotted holes is 3.5m. This layout method can ensure that when the blasting energy of the first blasting hole can still be transmitted to the subsequent blasting hole after being absorbed by the empty hole and its charge column is cut off and cannot be detonated, there are still detonating warheads 40 that can detonate the remaining explosives to ensure complete blasting of the blasting hole; considering the degree of influence of the first blasting energy on the peripheral holes 30 and the regularity of the blasting formation, the spacing between the detonating warheads 40 in the peripheral holes 30 is 6m. After the charging is completed, Figure 4As shown, a detonator 51 is arranged outside the blasting area, and the detonating warhead 40 in each charging hole is connected to the detonator 51 through a detonating cord 52 and a detonator leg wire 53 to form a clustered detonating network 50, wherein an instant-firing detonating cord detonator is used outside each blast hole to detonate the detonating cord detonator of each hole, and a half-second delay detonator is used inside the blast hole to perform delayed micro-difference blasting.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blasthole arrangement structure for a high-depth blind shaft in one go, wherein the end face of the blasting zone of the blind shaft is circular, a central charge hole is arranged at the center of the blasting zone, and a circle of empty holes is arranged at equal angles around the central charge hole as a protection circle, characterized in that: A groove circle is arranged outside the protection circle, and blast holes are arranged on the groove circle at equal intervals. The blast holes on the groove circle are alternately arranged charging holes and empty holes. The central charging hole, the protection circle and the groove circle together constitute the groove area of ​​the blasting area. The charging holes in the groove area are all set as groove holes. The groove holes and the surrounding empty holes form a number of groove blasting areas. Peripheral holes are arranged at equal intervals around the blind shaft blasting area. An expanded groove area is between the groove area and the peripheral holes. A number of charging holes and empty holes are arranged at intervals in the expanded groove area. The charging holes are expanded groove holes. The expanded groove holes and the groove holes on the groove circle are arranged according to the principle of maximum dislocation. The charging holes are all filled with explosives.

2. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one expansion groove ring is arranged in the expansion groove area, and charging holes and empty holes are arranged alternately and at equal intervals on the expansion groove ring, and the expansion groove holes are staggered with the cut groove holes on the cut groove ring.

3. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot expansion area is provided with at least one slot expansion blasting ring composed of a plurality of slot expansion holes and at least one pre-splitting ring composed of a plurality of empty holes. The innermost slot expansion blasting ring is arranged adjacent to the slot cutting area, and the slot expansion holes of the slot expansion blasting ring are staggered with the slot cutting holes on the slot cutting ring. The slot expansion blasting ring and the pre-splitting ring are arranged alternately.

4. A blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the empty hole is 1.5 times the diameter of the charging hole. The diameter of the empty hole is 120 mm, and the diameter of the charging hole is 76 mm.

5. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radius of the groove area is 0.4-0.6m, and the distance between any two adjacent blast holes in the groove area is 0.2-0.4m.

6. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hole spacing between the central charge hole and the empty hole of the protection circle is 0.3m, and the hole spacing between adjacent empty holes of the protection circle and adjacent blast holes of the groove circle is 0.3m.

7. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of each blast hole in the blasting area exceeds the preset well depth by at least 1 m, wherein the blast holes in the groove cutting area are 0.5 m to 1.0 m deeper than the blast holes in the expansion groove area and the surrounding holes.

8. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging holes are provided with detonating warheads at equal intervals, the detonating warheads in the groove holes and the expanded groove holes are arranged at a spacing of 3.5m, and the detonating warheads in the peripheral holes are arranged at a spacing of 6m.

9. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: A detonator is arranged outside the blasting area, and the detonating warheads in each charge hole are connected to the detonator through a detonating cord and / or a detonator leg wire to form a cluster detonation network.

10. The blasthole arrangement structure for one-time well construction of a high-depth blind shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The detonating warhead is composed of a half-second detonator and an emulsion explosive strip.

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