Integrated cold conduction structure, dilution refrigerator and quantum computer

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integrated cold conduction structure, a dilution refrigerator and a quantum computer. The integrated cold conduction structure comprises a first cold conduction plate, a second cold conduction plate and a cold conduction assembly arranged between the first cold conduction plate and the second cold conduction plate. The cold conduction assembly comprises a plurality of cold conduction belts, one ends of the cold conduction belts are fixed to a first cold conduction plate, the other ends of the cold conduction belts are fixed to a second cold conduction plate, the first cold conduction plate is used for being fixed to a cold head of the refrigerator, and the second cold conduction plate is used for being fixed to a cold disc adjacent to the cold head. The cold conduction performance of the first cold conduction plate and the second cold conduction plate is larger than or equal to that of the cold conduction assembly. The integrated cold conduction structure comprises at least one cold conduction assembly, the cold conduction assembly integrates a plurality of cold conduction belts, one end of each cold conduction belt is fixed to a cold head of a refrigerator through a first cold conduction plate, and the other end of each cold conduction belt is fixed to a cold disc through a second cold conduction plate. The cooling capacity of the cold head can be efficiently conducted to the cold disc through the multiple cold conduction belts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of quantum computers, in particular to an integrated cooling structure, a dilution refrigerator and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] Quantum computers are physical devices that follow the laws of quantum mechanics to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations, store and process quantum information. The main characteristics of quantum computers are fast operation speed, strong information processing capabilities, and a wide range of applications. Among the many quantum computing technology routes, the superconducting technology route has a very broad prospect, and quantum computers developed based on the superconducting technology route have attracted much attention in the industry.

[0003] The basic unit of superconducting quantum computing is the quantum chip, which needs to work in an ultra-low temperature environment, about 10mK to 20mK (Kelvins). Ultra-low temperature can effectively reduce the impact of environmental noise on quantum chips. Ultra-low temperature environments are usually provided by dilution refrigerators, which can maintain temperatures in the mK range for a long time, have large cooling capacity, are not too complicated in structure and operation, and are not affected by magnetic fields. It is now an important refrigeration method for obtaining temperatures in the milliK range, which can provide a good low-temperature environment for the stable operation of quantum chips.

[0004] The cold source of the dilution refrigerator thermostat is mainly the cold head of the mechanical refrigerator (such as a pulse tube refrigerator) installed inside the dilution refrigerator. Ensuring that the cold energy of the cold head is efficiently transferred to the cold plate inside the dilution refrigerator is the key to ensuring the stable operation of the dilution refrigerator.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background technology section of this application is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background technology of this application, and should not be regarded as an admission or suggestion in any form that the information constitutes prior art already known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model aims to provide an integrated cooling structure, a dilution refrigerator and a quantum computer, so that the cooling capacity of a cold head is efficiently transferred to a cold plate inside the dilution refrigerator.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first aspect of the utility model provides an integrated cooling structure, comprising a first cooling plate, a second cooling plate and a cooling assembly arranged between the first cooling plate and the second cooling plate; wherein the cooling assembly comprises a plurality of cooling belts, one end of the cooling belt is fixed to the first cooling plate, and the other end of the cooling belt is fixed to the second cooling plate, the first cooling plate is used to be fixed to the cold head of the refrigerator, and the second cooling plate is used to be fixed to the cold plate adjacent to the cold head, and the cooling performance of the first cooling plate and the cooling performance of the second cooling plate are greater than or equal to the cooling performance of the cooling assembly.

[0009] As described above, the integrated cooling structure further comprises one cooling assembly, and a plurality of cooling belts of the cooling assembly are evenly spaced around the periphery of the cold head.

[0010] As described above, the integrated cooling structure further comprises at least two cooling components arranged radially along the cold head, and a plurality of cooling belts of each cooling component are evenly spaced around the periphery of the cold head, and corresponding cooling belts in two adjacent cooling components are aligned or staggered.

[0011] As described above, in the integrated cooling structure, further, the first cooling plate is an annular plate formed by a plurality of arc-shaped plates; and / or the second cooling plate is an annular plate formed by a plurality of arc-shaped plates.

[0012] As described above, the integrated cooling structure, further, the cooling belt includes a U-shaped section and mounting plates located at both ends of the U-shaped section, the mounting plate at one end of the U-shaped section is used for detachable connection to the first cooling plate, and the mounting plate at the other end of the U-shaped section is used for detachable connection to the second cooling plate.

[0013] As described above, the integrated cooling structure further has a circular cross section of the U-shaped segment.

[0014] The second aspect of the utility model provides a dilution refrigerator, comprising cold plates located in different temperature zones, a cold head arranged corresponding to each cold plate; a cooling device connecting the cold head and the corresponding cold plate; at least one of the cooling devices is the above-mentioned integrated cooling structure.

[0015] The dilution refrigerator as described above, further, the number of cooling bands of the cooling device in the low temperature zone is less than the number of cooling bands of the cooling device in the high temperature zone and the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling bands in the low temperature zone is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling bands in the high temperature zone; or the height of the cooling device in the low temperature zone along the axial direction corresponding to the cold head is greater than the height of the cooling device in the high temperature zone along the axial direction corresponding to the cold head.

[0016] In the dilution refrigerator as described above, further, at least one cooling device is a first cooling structure, which includes one or more U-shaped plates, one side of the U-shaped plate is fixed to the cold head, and the other side of the U-shaped plate is fixed to a cold plate adjacent to the cold head.

[0017] A third aspect of the utility model provides a quantum computer, comprising the above-mentioned dilution refrigerator.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0019] The integrated cooling structure of the present application includes at least one cooling assembly, which integrates a plurality of cooling belts, one end of which is fixed to a cold head of a refrigerator through a first cooling plate, and the other end of which is fixed to a cold disk through a second cooling plate. The cooling capacity of the cold head can be efficiently transferred to the cold disk through the plurality of cooling belts. The integration and installation of the plurality of cooling belts are facilitated by providing the first cooling plate and the second cooling plate. At the same time, the cooling performance of the integrated cooling structure is ensured by limiting the cooling performance of the first cooling plate and the second cooling plate to be greater than or equal to the cooling performance of the cooling assembly.

[0020] The dilution refrigerator and quantum computer provided by the utility model include the above-mentioned integrated cooling structure, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated cooling structure provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first cooling plate provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling belt provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dilution refrigerator provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] In the accompanying drawings: 1, integrated cooling structure; 10, cooling belt; 20, first cooling plate; 30, second cooling plate; 40, machine head; 50, first cold head; 60, second cold head; 70, cold plate; 80, room temperature plate; 90, first cooling structure; 91, U-shaped copper plate; 100, shock absorbing device; 101, first integrated board; 102, second integrated board; 103, first elastic member; 104, second elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be interpreted as limitations on the present application.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "several" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated cooling structure 1 provided in an embodiment of the utility model; Figure 4 A structural diagram of a dilution refrigerator provided by an embodiment of the utility model; Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown: The embodiment of the present application discloses an integrated cooling structure 1, including a first cooling plate 20, a second cooling plate 30 and a cooling assembly arranged between the first cooling plate 20 and the second cooling plate 30; wherein the cooling assembly includes a plurality of cooling belts 10, one end of the cooling belt 10 is fixed to the first cooling plate 20, and the other end of the cooling belt 10 is fixed to the second cooling plate 30, the first cooling plate 20 is used to be fixed on the cold head of the refrigerator, and the second cooling plate 30 is used to be fixed on the cold plate 70 adjacent to the cold head, and the cooling performance of the first cooling plate 20 and the cooling performance of the second cooling plate 30 are greater than or equal to the cooling performance of the cooling assembly.

[0030] The integrated cooling structure 1 of the present application includes at least one cooling assembly, which integrates a plurality of cooling belts 10, one end of the plurality of cooling belts 10 is fixed to the cold head of the refrigerator through a first cooling plate 20, and the other end of the plurality of cooling belts 10 is fixed to the cold plate 70 through a second cooling plate 30. The plurality of cooling belts 10 enable the cold energy of the cold head to be efficiently transferred to the cold plate 70. The first cooling plate 20 and the second cooling plate 30 are provided to facilitate the integration and installation of the plurality of cooling belts 10. At the same time, the cooling performance of the integrated cooling structure 1 is ensured by limiting the cooling performance of the first cooling plate 20 and the second cooling plate 30 to be greater than or equal to the cooling performance of the cooling assembly.

[0031] In this embodiment, the number of cooling components is not specifically limited, and one or at least two cooling components may be arranged.

[0032] For example, continue as Figure 1 As shown, when there is one cooling assembly, the arrangement of the multiple cooling belts 10 therein is not specifically limited. Preferably, the multiple cooling belts 10 of the cooling assembly are evenly spaced around the periphery of the cold head. This arrangement has a high degree of integration and further improves the conduction efficiency of cold air.

[0033] Exemplarily, when there are at least two cooling conduction components radially arranged along the cold head, the arrangement of each cooling conduction component is not specifically limited, and the arrangement of the multiple cooling conduction belts 10 in each cooling conduction component is also not specifically limited. Preferably, in order to improve the cooling effect, the multiple cooling conduction belts 10 of each cooling conduction component are evenly spaced around the periphery of the cold head, and the corresponding cooling conduction belts 10 in two adjacent cooling conduction components are aligned or staggered.

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first cooling plate 20 provided in an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 2 As shown, for ease of installation and integration, the first cooling plate 20 is an annular plate formed by a plurality of arcuate plates; the structure of the second cooling plate 30 is the same as that of the first cooling plate 20, and is also an annular plate formed by a plurality of arcuate plates.

[0035] Specifically, continue as Figure 2As shown: the arc plate includes a first arc segment and a second arc segment arranged outside the lower end surface of the first arc segment, the first arc segment is provided with a first threaded hole, and the second arc segment is provided with a second threaded hole. The cold plate 70 or the cold head is provided with a first mounting hole matching the first threaded hole, and a first screw passes through the first mounting hole and the first threaded hole to achieve a detachable connection between the cold plate 70 or the cold head and the first arc segment; the cold conduction belt 10 is provided with a second mounting hole matching the second threaded hole, and a second screw passes through the second mounting hole and the second threaded hole to achieve a detachable connection between the cold conduction belt 10 and the second arc segment.

[0036] The shape of the cooling belt 10 in this embodiment is not specifically limited, and can be a straight line or a curve. Preferably, in order to improve the anti-seismic performance of the cooling belt 10, continue as follows Figure 1 As shown, the shape of the cooling belt 10 includes a U-shaped segment.

[0037] For example, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cooling belt 10 provided in the embodiment of the utility model; Figure 3 As shown, the cooling belt 10 includes a U-shaped section and mounting plates at both ends of the U-shaped section. The mounting plate at one end of the U-shaped section is used to be detachably connected to the first cooling plate 20, and the mounting plate at the other end of the U-shaped section is used to be detachably connected to the second cooling plate 30. Further, the cross section of the U-shaped section is circular. By setting the cross section of the U-shaped section to be circular, it has better flexibility. The circular cross section is easier to evenly distribute stress when subjected to force, reducing the concentrated stress of the structure and improving the seismic performance. In order to further improve the seismic performance, the U-shaped section can be made of oxygen-free copper braided belt.

[0038] In the present embodiment, the material of the cooling belt 10 is not specifically limited, and any material having a cooling effect can be used, and it can be a metal material. Exemplarily, the material of the cooling belt 10 is silver or copper, wherein the thermal conductivity of silver is 429W / m·K, and the thermal conductivity of copper is 401W / m·K. It can be seen that the cooling effect of silver is better than that of copper. Considering that silver is relatively expensive, and the cooling effect of copper is only slightly lower than that of silver, and copper has good toughness and can play a good shock-absorbing role, copper is selected as the cooling material after comprehensive consideration; preferably, the material of the cooling belt 10 is oxygen-free copper; the material of the first cooling plate 20 includes oxygen-free copper; the material of the second cooling plate 30 includes oxygen-free copper.

[0039] Based on the same application concept, the present application embodiment also proposes a dilution refrigerator, such as Figure 4 As shown: it includes cold plates 70 located in different temperature zones, a cold head arranged corresponding to each cold plate 70; a cooling device connecting the cold head and the corresponding cold plate 70; at least one of the cooling devices is the above-mentioned integrated cooling structure 1.

[0040] Since the dilution refrigerator provided in this embodiment includes the above-mentioned integrated cooling structure 1, it has the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0041] Furthermore, in some implementations of the present embodiment, the number of cooling belts 10 of the cooling device in the low temperature zone is less than the number of cooling belts 10 of the cooling device in the high temperature zone and the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling belt 10 in the low temperature zone is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling belt 10 in the high temperature zone; the reason for such an arrangement is that: since more electronic devices need to be arranged in the low temperature zone, reducing the number of cooling belts 10 is to provide avoidance space for the electronic devices. At the same time, in order to take into account the cooling effect, the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling belt 10 in the low temperature zone is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling belt 10 in the high temperature zone.

[0042] Further, in some implementations of this embodiment, the height of the cooling device in the low temperature zone along the axial direction corresponding to the cold head is greater than the height of the cooling device in the high temperature zone along the axial direction corresponding to the cold head.

[0043] Further, continue as Figure 4 As shown: In some implementations of the present embodiment, at least one cooling device is a first cooling structure 90, which includes one or more U-shaped plates, one side of the U-shaped plate is fixed to the cold head, and the other side of the U-shaped plate is fixed to the cold plate 70 adjacent to the cold head.

[0044] Further, when the first cooling structure 90 is composed of a plurality of U-shaped plates, the arrangement of the plurality of U-shaped plates is not specifically limited. For example, the plurality of U-shaped plates can be symmetrically arranged around the periphery of the cold head, or can be arranged in parallel along a certain direction. Preferably, the U-shaped plate is a U-shaped copper plate 91, which is flexible and has an anti-seismic effect. In order to further improve the anti-seismic performance, the middle section of the U-shaped copper plate 91 can be made of an oxygen-free copper braided belt.

[0045] For example, continue as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 When the medium dilution refrigerator includes two cold heads arranged vertically (respectively a first cold head 50 and a second cold head 60) ( Figure 4Only one room temperature plate 80 and two cold plates 70 are illustrated in the figure. In fact, the number of cold plates 70 is more than two. Only two cold plates 70 related to this example are illustrated here. The distance between the first cold head 50 located above and the cold plate 70 located above is small, and it is suitable to use an integrated cooling structure 1 to realize the connection between the first cold head 50 and the cold plate 70. The distance between the second cold head 60 located below and the cold plate 70 located below is large, and it is suitable to use a first cooling structure 90 to realize the connection between the second cold head 60 and the cold plate 70. By way of example, the first cooling structure 90 here includes two U-shaped copper plates 91, and the two U-shaped copper plates 91 are arranged in parallel. One side wall of the U-shaped copper plate 91 is detachably mounted on the second cold head 60 by a third screw, and the other side wall of the U-shaped copper plate 91 is detachably mounted on the cold plate 70 by a fourth screw.

[0046] In addition, starting the dilution refrigerator will be accompanied by relatively strong vibrations, especially the top room temperature disk 80 will vibrate the most strongly, which will bring additional environmental noise to the quantum chip and affect the normal operation of the quantum chip. In order to further improve the anti-vibration performance of the dilution refrigerator, a shock absorbing device 100 is provided between the head 40 outside the pulse tube refrigerator and the room temperature disk 80.

[0047] For example, Figure 4 As shown: the shock absorbing device 100 includes a first integrated board 101, a second integrated board 102, and a first elastic member 103 disposed between the first integrated board 101 and the second integrated board 102; the first integrated board 101 is fixed on the machine head 40, and the second integrated board 102 is fixed on the room temperature plate 80. Preferably, the first elastic member 103 includes a plurality of springs uniformly arranged in parallel around the circumference of the machine head 40, one end of the spring is mounted on the first integrated board 101, and the other end of the spring is mounted on the second integrated board 102; the spring structure is simple, the shock absorbing effect is good, and the cost is relatively low.

[0048] Furthermore, the shock absorbing device 100 also includes a second elastic member 104 coaxially sleeved on the outside of the pipe, the pipe is a pipe connecting the cold head and the machine head 40, one end of the second elastic member 104 is mounted on the first integrated board 101, and the other end of the second elastic member 104 is mounted on the second integrated board 102. Preferably, the second elastic member 104 is a bellows, which has a high sensitivity to vibration and can compensate for the vibration generated by the refrigeration device more quickly, thereby effectively alleviating the vibration and avoiding additional noise interference to the quantum chip. At the same time, the bellows has high strength and good durability.

[0049] Based on the same application concept, an embodiment of the present application also proposes a quantum computer, including the above-mentioned dilution refrigerator.

[0050] The quantum computer of the present application includes the above-mentioned dilution refrigerator, and therefore has the same beneficial effects as the above-mentioned dilution refrigerator, which will not be described in detail here.

[0051] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "some embodiments" or "examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or several embodiments in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0052] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way. Any technician in the relevant technical field, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, may make any equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present invention, which shall be deemed as the content of the technical solution of the present invention and still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated cooling structure, characterized in that: It includes a first cold conduction plate, a second cold conduction plate, and a cold conduction component arranged between the first cold conduction plate and the second cold conduction plate; Among them, the cooling assembly includes multiple cooling belts, one end of the cooling belt is fixed on the first cooling plate, and the other end of the cooling belt is fixed on the second cooling plate. The first cooling plate is used to be fixed on the cold head of the refrigerator, and the second cooling plate is used to be fixed on the cold plate adjacent to the cold head. The cooling performance of the first cooling plate and the cooling performance of the second cooling plate are greater than or equal to the cooling performance of the cooling assembly.

2. The integrated cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling conduction component is arranged in one piece, and a plurality of cooling conduction belts of the cooling conduction component are evenly spaced around the periphery of the cold head.

3. The integrated cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two cooling-conducting components are radially arranged along the cold head, and a plurality of cooling-conducting belts of each cooling-conducting component are evenly spaced around the periphery of the cold head, and corresponding cooling-conducting belts in two adjacent cooling-conducting components are aligned or staggered.

4. The integrated cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cooling plate is an annular plate formed by a plurality of arc-shaped plates; And / or, the second cooling plate is an annular plate formed by a plurality of arc-shaped plates.

5. The integrated cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling belt includes a U-shaped section and mounting plates located at both ends of the U-shaped section. The mounting plate at one end of the U-shaped section is used for detachable connection to the first cooling plate, and the mounting plate at the other end of the U-shaped section is used for detachable connection to the second cooling plate.

6. The integrated cooling structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross section of the U-shaped section is circular.

7. A dilution refrigerator, characterized in that: It includes cold plates located in different temperature zones, cold heads corresponding to each cold plate, and a cooling device connecting the cold heads and the corresponding cold plates; At least one of the cooling devices is an integrated cooling structure as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. The dilution refrigerator according to claim 7, characterized in that The number of cooling belts of the cooling device in the low temperature zone is less than that of the cooling device in the high temperature zone, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling belt in the low temperature zone is greater than that of the cooling belt in the high temperature zone; Or the height of the cooling device in the low temperature zone along the axial direction corresponding to the cold head is greater than the height of the cooling device in the high temperature zone along the axial direction corresponding to the cold head.

9. The dilution refrigerator according to claim 7, characterized in that At least one cooling device is a first cooling structure, which includes one or more U-shaped plates, one side of the U-shaped plate is fixed to the cold head, and the other side of the U-shaped plate is fixed to a cold plate adjacent to the cold head.

10. A quantum computer, characterized in that: A dilution refrigerator comprising the dilution refrigerator according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

Images