Waste collecting device for veterinary drug production
By installing a separator and a crushing mechanism in the waste collection device, the problem of mixed collection of wastewater and solid waste is solved, achieving effective separate collection and environmentally friendly treatment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LINYI KEBAO ANIMAL MEDICINE CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing waste collection devices cannot effectively separate wastewater and solid waste, leading to cross-contamination and environmental impact.
The device is divided into two compartments by a partition plate. A crushing mechanism is set up to crush solid waste, and wastewater and solid waste are collected separately by an alarm mechanism and a filtration mechanism.
This method enables the separate collection of wastewater and solid waste, avoiding cross-contamination, improving collection efficiency, and reducing the risk of environmental pollution.
Smart Images

Figure CN224211677U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of veterinary drug production technology, and in particular to a waste collection device for veterinary drug production. Background Technology
[0002] Veterinary drug production refers to the research, development, manufacturing, and packaging of drugs specifically used for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis, or regulation of animal physiological functions. Waste collection devices for veterinary drug production are equipment used to collect waste generated during the manufacturing process.
[0003] Existing waste collection devices lack separate collection mechanisms for wastewater and solid waste. This results in wastewater and solid waste from veterinary drug production being collected together, causing cross-contamination of veterinary drug waste, severely impacting the ecological environment, and even affecting human health.
[0004] Therefore, in response to the problem of cross-contamination caused by the inability of the above-mentioned waste collection devices to separate wastewater and solid waste, this utility model separates the internal parts of the device by setting up an isolation plate, thereby separating the collection of wastewater and solid waste, avoiding cross-contamination, and effectively improving the collection efficiency of the device. Utility Model Content
[0005] To overcome the problem that common waste collection devices lack the ability to separate wastewater and solid waste during the waste collection process.
[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a waste collection device for veterinary drug production, comprising an outer shell, a storage shell, a wastewater inlet pipe, a solid waste inlet, and a partition plate. The outer shell is fixedly installed above the storage shell, and the internal spaces of the outer shell and the storage shell are interconnected. A partition plate is connected and installed between the inner wall of the top of the outer shell and the inner wall of the bottom of the storage shell. A crushing mechanism is provided inside the outer shell, an alarm mechanism is provided inside the storage shell, a filtering mechanism is provided on the inner side wall of the partition plate, and a discharge mechanism is provided on the outer side wall of the storage shell.
[0007] Preferably, the crushing mechanism includes a protective shell, a drive motor, a first gear, a second gear, a first extrusion roller, a second extrusion roller, a concentrating plate, and a soft brush. The protective shell is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the outer shell, and the drive motor is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the protective shell. The output end of the drive motor is connected to the outer side wall of the first gear. The second gear is meshed with the side of the first gear, and both the first gear and the second gear are rotatably installed with the outer side wall of the outer shell. Both the first gear and the second gear are located inside the protective shell. The first extrusion roller and the second extrusion roller are rotatably installed between the inner walls of the two sides of the outer shell. The support shaft inside the first extrusion roller passes through the outer side wall of the outer shell and is connected to the first gear. The support shaft inside the second extrusion roller passes through the outer side wall of the outer shell and is connected to the second gear.
[0008] Preferably, a concentrating plate is provided on the inner side wall of the outer shell and the partition plate facing each other, and soft brushes are provided on the inner side wall of both the outer shell and the partition plate. The two sets of soft brushes are arranged facing each other, and the brush bristles of the two sets of soft brushes are respectively in contact with the roller surface of the first extrusion roller and the second extrusion roller.
[0009] Preferably, the alarm mechanism includes an operation panel, a float plate, a first button, a support plate, a sliding block, a pressing block, a second button, a reset spring, and a limiting ring. The operation panel is provided on the outer wall of the outer side of the housing. The float plate is located inside the storage housing and is slidably installed on the inner wall of the side of the storage housing. The first button is provided on the inner wall of the top of the storage housing and is located directly above the float plate.
[0010] Preferably, the storage shell has a support plate on its inner side wall, two sets of sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged on the bottom inner wall of the support plate, a pressing block is arranged on the bottom outer wall of the support plate at the middle position, a second button is installed on the bottom inner wall of the storage shell and is located directly below the pressing block, two sets of cylindrical grooves are aligned on the bottom inner wall of the storage shell, and a return spring is arranged on the bottom inner wall of the cylindrical groove. The top of the return spring is connected to the bottom outer wall of the sliding block, and two sets of limiting rings are arranged on the bottom inner wall of the storage shell, and the sliding block is slidably connected to the limiting ring.
[0011] Preferably, the filtration mechanism includes a support frame, an upper pull plate, a middle pull plate, a lower pull plate, a filter layer, an activated carbon layer, and an ion exchange resin layer. Three sets of support frames are equally spaced between the outer shell and the inner side wall of the isolation plate, and the upper pull plate, middle pull plate, and lower pull plate are respectively installed inside the three sets of support frames. The upper pull plate, middle pull plate, and lower pull plate are respectively inserted into the interior of the three sets of support frames. The inner wall of the upper pull plate is provided with a filter layer, the inner wall of the middle pull plate is provided with an activated carbon layer, and the inner wall of the lower pull plate is provided with an ion exchange resin layer.
[0012] Preferably, the discharge mechanism includes a baffle, a fixing block, and a pin. The baffle is snapped onto the side of the storage shell, and the fixing blocks are symmetrically arranged on the outer side wall of the storage shell. The two outer sides of the baffle are symmetrically provided with square grooves for insertion and installation with the fixing blocks. The fixing blocks are inserted and installed with pins, and the pins are configured as inverted "L" shaped structures.
[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0014] 1. Equipped with a crushing mechanism, during use, when solid waste enters the shell from the solid waste inlet, the solid waste is concentrated by the concentrating plate and falls between the two extrusion rollers. Then, the extrusion rollers crush the larger solid waste into fine particles, thereby reducing the space occupied by large-volume waste and making full use of the collection space of the device to collect more waste.
[0015] 2. An alarm mechanism is installed. During use, when the device has collected enough wastewater, the buoyancy of the wastewater will push the floating block upwards. When the floating block touches and presses the second button, the alarm light on the control panel will light up, reminding the staff that the wastewater collection tank is full and the wastewater needs to be discharged for the next collection. This also prevents wastewater from overflowing from the device, causing pollution to the working environment and affecting the health of workers.
[0016] 3. By setting up a partition plate, the outer shell and the interior of the storage shell are separated into two parts, so as to collect wastewater and solid waste separately and prevent wastewater and solid waste from mixing together and causing cross-contamination. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the outer shell and wastewater inlet pipe of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the crushing mechanism of this utility model;
[0020] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the alarm mechanism of this utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 This utility model is shown. Figure 4 Enlarged 3D structural diagram at point A;
[0022] Figure 6The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the filtration mechanism of this utility model.
[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Outer shell; 2. Storage shell; 3. Wastewater inlet pipe; 4. Solid waste inlet; 5. Isolation plate; 6. Crushing mechanism; 61. Protective shell; 62. Drive motor; 63. First gear; 64. Second gear; 65. First extrusion roller; 66. Second extrusion roller; 67. Concentrating plate; 68. Soft brush; 7. Alarm mechanism; 71. Operation panel; 72. Floating plate; 73. First button; 74. Bearing plate; 75. Sliding block; 76. Pressing block; 77. Second button; 78. Return spring; 79. Limiting ring; 8. Filtering mechanism; 81. Support frame; 82. Upper pull plate; 83. Middle pull plate; 84. Lower pull plate; 85. Filter layer; 86. Activated carbon layer; 87. Ion exchange resin layer; 9. Discharge mechanism; 91. Baffle; 92. Fixing block; 93. Pin. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0025] Please see Figures 1-6 This utility model provides a technical solution: a waste collection device for veterinary drug production, including an outer shell 1, a storage shell 2, a wastewater inlet pipe 3, a solid waste inlet 4, and an isolation plate 5. The outer shell 1 is fixedly installed above the storage shell 2, and the internal spaces of the outer shell 1 and the storage shell 2 are interconnected. An isolation plate 5 is connected between the inner wall of the top of the outer shell 1 and the inner wall of the bottom of the storage shell 2. A crushing mechanism 6 is provided inside the outer shell 1, an alarm mechanism 7 is provided inside the storage shell 2, a filtering mechanism 8 is provided on the inner wall of the side of the isolation plate 5, and a discharge mechanism 9 is provided on the outer wall of the side of the storage shell 2.
[0026] The interior of the storage shell 2 is divided into two compartments by the partition plate 5, so that wastewater and solid waste can be collected separately to prevent wastewater and solid waste from mixing together and causing cross-contamination.
[0027] The crushing mechanism 6 includes a protective shell 61, a drive motor 62, a first gear 63, a second gear 64, a first extrusion roller 65, a second extrusion roller 66, a concentrating plate 67, and a soft brush 68. The protective shell 61 is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the outer shell 1. The drive motor 62 is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the protective shell 61. The output end of the drive motor 62 is connected to the outer side wall of the first gear 63. The second gear 64 is meshed on the side of the first gear 63. Both the first gear 63 and the second gear 64 are rotatably installed on the outer side wall of the outer shell 1. Both the first gear 63 and the second gear 64 are located inside the protective shell 61. The first extrusion roller 65 and the second extrusion roller 66 are rotatably installed between the inner walls of the two sides of the outer shell 1. The support shaft inside the first extrusion roller 65 passes through the outer side wall of the outer shell 1 and is connected to the first gear 63. The support shaft inside the second extrusion roller 66 passes through the outer side wall of the outer shell 1 and is connected to the second gear 64.
[0028] A concentration plate 67 is provided on the inner side wall of the outer shell 1 and the isolation plate 5 facing each other. Soft brushes 68 are provided on the inner side wall of both the outer shell 1 and the isolation plate 5. The two sets of soft brushes 68 are arranged facing each other, and the brush bristles of the two sets of soft brushes 68 are respectively in contact with the roller surface of the first extrusion roller 65 and the second extrusion roller 66.
[0029] When the device is in use, solid waste enters the interior of the outer casing 1 through the solid waste inlet 4. The inclined angle of the concentrating plate 67 allows the solid waste to fall between the first extrusion roller 65 and the second extrusion roller 66. Then, the drive motor 62 is activated, causing the first gear 63 to rotate, which in turn drives the second gear 64 to rotate. This causes both gears 63 and 64 to rotate inwards simultaneously, driving the first extrusion roller 65 and the second extrusion roller 66 to rotate inwards, thereby extruding and crushing the solid waste, reducing its volume. Large solid wastes are crushed into smaller pieces, which reduces the space occupied by larger wastes when they enter the storage shell 2, improves the utilization of the collection space, and allows the device to collect more waste. At the same time, during the crushing process, small pieces of waste will stick to the surface of the first extrusion roller 65 and the second extrusion roller 66. At this time, the brush tips of two sets of soft brushes 68 are respectively attached to the surface of the two extrusion rollers to sweep the debris from the surface of the extrusion rollers into the storage shell 2, thereby cleaning the surface of the extrusion rollers, improving the waste collection efficiency, and preventing excessive debris from affecting the crushing efficiency of the extrusion rollers.
[0030] The alarm mechanism 7 includes an operation panel 71, a float plate 72, a first button 73, a support plate 74, a sliding block 75, a pressing block 76, a second button 77, a reset spring 78, and a limiting ring 79. The operation panel 71 is provided on the outer side wall of the outer shell 1. The float plate 72 is located inside the storage shell 2 and is slidably installed with the inner side wall of the storage shell 2. The first button 73 is provided on the inner top wall of the storage shell 2 and is located directly above the float plate 72.
[0031] When the device is in use, wastewater passes through the filtration mechanism 8 and enters the interior of the storage shell 2. At this time, the wastewater level slowly rises. When the wastewater level is high enough, it will push the float plate 72 upward, causing the float plate 72 to touch the first button 73 and press it, triggering the alarm light on the surface of the operation panel 71 to sound an alarm, reminding the staff that the wastewater collection is full and the wastewater needs to be discharged for the next collection. This prevents the wastewater from accumulating too much and overflowing outside the device, causing pollution to the working environment. When the wastewater needs to be discharged, the device is pushed to the wastewater discharge point, and the wastewater is discharged through the outlet on the outer wall of the side of the storage shell 2.
[0032] The storage shell 2 has a support plate 74 on its inner side wall. Two sets of sliding blocks 75 are symmetrically arranged on the inner bottom wall of the support plate 74. A pressing block 76 is arranged on the outer bottom wall of the support plate 74 at the middle position. A second button 77 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the storage shell 2 and is located directly below the pressing block 76. Two sets of cylindrical grooves are aligned on the inner bottom wall of the storage shell 2. A return spring 78 is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the cylindrical groove. The top of the return spring 78 is connected to the outer bottom wall of the sliding block 75. Two sets of limiting rings 79 are arranged on the inner bottom wall of the storage shell 2, and the sliding block 75 is slidably connected to the limiting ring 79.
[0033] When the device is in use, solid waste falls onto the surface of the support plate 74, pressing the sliding block 75 downwards. This causes the sliding block 75 to move downwards inside the limit ring 79, compressing the return spring 78. When there is too much solid waste, the support plate 74 pushes the pressing block 76 downwards, causing the pressing block 76 to touch the second button 77 and press it down. This triggers another alarm light on the surface of the operation panel 71 to remind the staff that the solid waste collection is full and needs to be cleaned in time to prevent excessive accumulation of solid waste, which would affect the normal use of the extrusion roller and reduce the service life of the device.
[0034] The filtration mechanism 8 includes a support frame 81, an upper pull plate 82, a middle pull plate 83, a lower pull plate 84, a filter layer 85, an activated carbon layer 86, and an ion exchange resin layer 87. Three sets of support frames 81 are equally spaced between the outer shell 1 and the inner side wall of the isolation plate 5. The upper pull plate 82, the middle pull plate 83, and the lower pull plate 84 are respectively installed inside the three sets of support frames 81. The upper pull plate 82, the middle pull plate 83, and the lower pull plate 84 are respectively inserted into the interior of the three sets of support frames 81. The inner wall of the upper pull plate 82 is provided with a filter layer 85, the inner wall of the middle pull plate 83 is provided with an activated carbon layer 86, and the inner wall of the lower pull plate 84 is provided with an ion exchange resin layer 87.
[0035] When the device is in use, wastewater enters the interior of the outer casing 1 through the wastewater inlet pipe 3. It first falls onto the surface of the filter layer 85 inside the upper support frame 81, where the filter layer 85 filters out particulate impurities in the wastewater. Then, the wastewater passes through the filter layer 85 and flows through the holes at the bottom of the support frame 81 to the surface of the activated carbon layer 86 inside the middle support frame 81 for adsorption. Subsequently, the wastewater passes through the activated carbon layer 86 and flows through the holes at the bottom of the middle support frame 81 to the surface of the ion exchange resin layer 87 in the lower support frame 81. In this way, the activated carbon layer 86 and the ion exchange resin layer 87 adsorb and remove toxic substances in the wastewater, thereby treating the wastewater and reducing environmental pollution and harm to human health when the wastewater is discharged.
[0036] The discharge mechanism 9 includes a baffle 91, a fixing block 92, and a pin 93. The baffle 91 is snapped onto the side of the storage shell 2. The fixing blocks 92 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side wall of the storage shell 2. The two outer sides of the baffle 91 are symmetrically provided with square grooves for inserting and installing with the fixing blocks 92. The pin 93 is inserted and installed inside the fixing block 92. The pin 93 is set as an inverted "L" shaped structure.
[0037] When the device is in use, and the alarm mechanism 7 indicates that solid waste collection is complete and cleaning of the solid waste is required, the device is first moved to the waste discharge point. At this time, the pin 93 is pulled out from the inside of the fixing block 92, and the baffle 91 is pulled out from the inside of the storage shell 2. The solid waste falls out through the rectangular opening left after the baffle 91 is pulled out, thus cleaning the solid waste inside the storage shell 2. After cleaning, the baffle 91 is re-clamped into the side of the storage shell 2, and the fixing block 92 passes through the square grooves on both sides of the baffle 91. Then, the pin 93 is reinserted into the inside of the fixing block 92 to fix the baffle 91, thereby cleaning the solid waste and facilitating the next collection.
[0038] Working principle: According to Figures 1 to 2As shown, solid waste and wastewater enter the interior of the outer shell 1 through the solid waste inlet 4 and the wastewater inlet pipe 3, respectively, and are separated by the partition plate 5 for separate collection.
[0039] according to Figure 3 As shown, after the solid waste enters the outer shell 1, it is guided by the concentrating plate 67, causing it to fall between the first extrusion roller 65 and the second extrusion roller 66. Then, the drive motor 62 is connected to the external power supply and starts, causing the drive motor 62 to drive the first gear 63 to rotate counterclockwise, which in turn drives the second gear 64 to rotate clockwise. In this way, the first gear 63 and the second gear 64 simultaneously drive the first extrusion roller 65 and the second extrusion roller 66 to rotate inward, thereby extruding and crushing the solid waste.
[0040] according to Figures 4 to 5 As shown, the operation panel 71 is activated after being connected to an external power source via a power cord. When the wastewater in the empty compartment on the left side of the storage shell 2 is full, it will push the float plate 72 upward, causing the float plate 72 to touch and press the first button 73. At the same time, when there is too much solid waste in the empty compartment on the right side of the storage shell 2, it will press the support plate 74 downward, pushing the pressing block 76 downward, causing the pressing block 76 to contact and press the second button 77. At this time, the two alarm lights on the surface of the operation panel 71 will light up simultaneously to remind the staff that the waste collection is complete and the waste inside the device needs to be cleaned to facilitate the next collection.
[0041] according to Figure 6 As shown, when the filter layer 85, activated carbon layer 86, and ion exchange resin layer 87 need to be cleaned or replaced, the upper pull plate 82, middle pull plate 83, and lower pull plate 84 are pulled out from the inside of the support frame 81 to replace and clean the filter layer 85, activated carbon layer 86, and ion exchange resin layer 87. After the replacement and cleaning are completed, the upper pull plate 82, middle pull plate 83, and lower pull plate 84 are reinserted and snapped into the inside of the support frame 81 to facilitate the treatment of wastewater during the next waste collection.
[0042] The above is the entire working process of the device, and all contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.
[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A waste collection device for veterinary drug production, comprising an outer shell (1), a storage shell (2), a wastewater inlet pipe (3), a solid waste inlet (4), and a partition plate (5), characterized in that: The outer shell (1) is fixedly installed above the storage shell (2), and the internal spaces of the outer shell (1) and the storage shell (2) are connected. An isolation plate (5) is connected between the inner wall of the top of the outer shell (1) and the inner wall of the bottom of the storage shell (2). A crushing mechanism (6) is provided inside the outer shell (1), an alarm mechanism (7) is provided inside the storage shell (2), a filtering mechanism (8) is provided on the inner wall of the side of the isolation plate (5), and a discharge mechanism (9) is provided on the outer wall of the side of the storage shell (2).
2. The waste collection device for veterinary drug production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism (6) includes a protective shell (61), a drive motor (62), a first gear (63), a second gear (64), a first extrusion roller (65), a second extrusion roller (66), a concentrating plate (67), and a soft brush (68). The protective shell (61) is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the outer shell (1), and the drive motor (62) is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the protective shell (61). The output end of the drive motor (62) is connected to the outer side wall of the first gear (63), and the second gear (64) is meshed on the side of the first gear (63). 4), and the first gear (63) and the second gear (64) are rotatably mounted on the side outer wall of the outer shell (1), and the first gear (63) and the second gear (64) are both located inside the protective shell (61). The first extrusion roller (65) and the second extrusion roller (66) are rotatably mounted between the two inner walls of the outer shell (1). The support shaft inside the first extrusion roller (65) passes through the side outer wall of the outer shell (1) and is connected to the first gear (63). The support shaft inside the second extrusion roller (66) passes through the side outer wall of the outer shell (1) and is connected to the second gear (64).
3. The veterinary drug production waste collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A concentrating plate (67) is provided on the inner side wall of the outer shell (1) and the isolation plate (5) facing each other. A soft brush (68) is provided on the inner side wall of both the outer shell (1) and the isolation plate (5). The two sets of soft brushes (68) are arranged facing each other, and the brush bristles of the two sets of soft brushes (68) are respectively in contact with the roller surface of the first extrusion roller (65) and the second extrusion roller (66).
4. The veterinary drug production waste collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm mechanism (7) includes an operation panel (71), a float plate (72), a first button (73), a support plate (74), a sliding block (75), a pressing block (76), a second button (77), a reset spring (78), and a limiting ring (79). The operation panel (71) is provided on the outer side wall of the outer shell (1). The float plate (72) is located inside the storage shell (2), and the float plate (72) is slidably installed on the inner side wall of the storage shell (2). The first button (73) is provided on the inner top wall of the storage shell (2), and the first button (73) is located directly above the float plate (72).
5. The veterinary drug production waste collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The storage shell (2) has a support plate (74) on its inner side wall. Two sets of sliding blocks (75) are symmetrically arranged on the inner bottom wall of the support plate (74). A pressing block (76) is arranged on the outer bottom wall of the support plate (74) at the middle position. A second button (77) is installed on the inner bottom wall of the storage shell (2) and is located directly below the pressing block (76). Two sets of cylindrical grooves are aligned on the inner bottom wall of the storage shell (2). A return spring (78) is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the cylindrical groove. The top of the return spring (78) is connected to the outer bottom wall of the sliding block (75). Two sets of limiting rings (79) are arranged on the inner bottom wall of the storage shell (2). The sliding block (75) is slidably connected to the limiting ring (79).
6. The veterinary drug production waste collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtration mechanism (8) includes a support frame (81), an upper pull plate (82), a middle pull plate (83), a lower pull plate (84), a filter layer (85), an activated carbon layer (86), and an ion exchange resin layer (87). Three sets of support frames (81) are equally spaced between the inner side walls of the outer shell (1) and the isolation plate (5). The upper pull plate (82), the middle pull plate (83), and the lower pull plate (84) are respectively installed inside the three sets of support frames (81). The upper pull plate (82), the middle pull plate (83), and the lower pull plate (84) are respectively inserted into the interior of the three sets of support frames (81). The inner wall of the upper pull plate (82) is provided with a filter layer (85), the inner wall of the middle pull plate (83) is provided with an activated carbon layer (86), and the inner wall of the lower pull plate (84) is provided with an ion exchange resin layer (87).
7. The waste collection device for veterinary drug production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge mechanism (9) includes a baffle (91), a fixing block (92), and a pin (93). The baffle (91) is snapped onto the side of the storage shell (2). The fixing blocks (92) are symmetrically arranged on the outer side wall of the storage shell (2). The two outer sides of the baffle (91) are symmetrically provided with square grooves for insertion and installation with the fixing blocks (92). The pin (93) is inserted into the interior of the fixing block (92). The pin (93) is set as an inverted "L" shaped structure.