This invention relates to the field of water treatment technology for recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), and discloses a method for rapidly cultivating stable nitrifying bacteria in a land-based recirculating aquaculture system. The method includes the following steps: Step S1, system preparation and enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Step S2, oxygen deprivation and regulation to inhibit ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and create a growth window for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria; Step S3, restarting oxygenation to promote the establishment of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria dominance; Step S4, stable system operation. This method for rapidly cultivating stable nitrifying bacteria in a land-based recirculating aquaculture system achieves rapid startup of the biofilter and synchronization with aquaculture production, greatly improving facility utilization. This invention completely changes the traditional two-stage model of "cultivating bacteria first, then releasing fish." By simultaneously releasing low-density aquaculture organisms after system water injection, the bacteria cultivation process is fully integrated into the early stage of aquaculture. This allows the biofilter to reach a stable operating state within 25-30 days after the start of aquaculture, significantly shortening the system idle period.