The application provides a polysaccharide of an organic black fungus and a preparation method of a particle thereof. The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, taking a sporocarp of the organic black fungus, drying the sporocarp, and then crushing the sporocarp to obtain organic black fungus dry powder; Step 2, mixing the organic black fungus dry powder with water and infiltrating the organic black fungus dry powder to obtain an extracting solution; Step 3, carrying out microwave and ultrasonic extraction on the extracting solution in the Step 2, and taking a supernatant solution for later use; Step 4, taking the supernatant solution in the Step 3, removing albumen and discoloring the supernatant solution; Step 5, adding ethanol into a product in the Step 4, carrying out alcohol precipitation, and filtering and washing to obtain a polysaccharide coarse product; Step 6, purifying the polysaccharide coarse product in the Step 5 by high-speed countercurrent chromatography to obtain the polysaccharide of the organic black fungus. In the preparation method, a polysaccharide component of a black fungus is extracted by a method of combining multiple methods such as an ultrasonic extraction method, a microwave extraction method, a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, a high-speed countercurrent chromatographic method and the like; the purity of the polysaccharide is high; the extraction rate is high; an organic solvent used in a process is few, is not remained, and has no potential hazard; the polysaccharide is safe to eat; the time of the process is short; the cost is low.