A grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation

Abstract

A grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation, comprising a grain storage bin, a solar photovoltaic power generation system and a ventilation system; the grain storage bin is a square three-dimensional structure, the four sides and the bottom of the square three-dimensional structure are composed of mesh panels made of metal woven mesh, and the upper opening is connected to the bin roof; the grain storage bin is divided into two left and right storage bins by a ventilation duct arranged in the middle; the bin roof includes a "human" shaped sunlight panel; the ventilation system includes an axial flow fan and a control alarm unit, when the detected temperature and humidity are greater than the set threshold, the alarm is triggered, and the fan is controlled to start through the control module to realize the switching between natural ventilation and forced ventilation of the air duct. The solar photovoltaic power generation system is arranged next to the grain storage bin to provide the required power for the grain storage device. The device adopts a cross-flow ventilation structure for the entire bin, which saves drying costs and improves the space utilization rate of the bin.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of grain storage, in particular to green and energy-saving dehydration and storage of high-moisture grains after harvest in grain-producing areas. Background technology:

[0002] In recent years, my country's post-harvest grain storage technology has developed rapidly, and a number of new green and energy-saving grain storage technologies and methods have been promoted, which have greatly alleviated the problems of high post-harvest grain loss rate and serious mildew in my country. These technologies are represented by the scientific grain storage technology promoted by the grain department - steel mesh grain storage silo. This type of grain storage silo has been vigorously promoted and applied in Northeast my country, promoting the quality preservation and loss reduction of corn in Northeast China and increasing farmers' income. The silo makes full use of the cold and dry air in Northeast China as a medium. During the storage process of up to 4-5 months, the corn with ears can be dried from a moisture content of more than 25% to safe storage moisture, and the green drying of corn is achieved without consuming electricity and petrochemical energy while relying entirely on natural cold sources.

[0003] When this type of facility is used in the Yellow River Basin and corn producing areas in North China, there are very obvious problems: first, the grain layer is thick; second, there is no forced ventilation device; third, the top cover is a color steel plate, and the thermal efficiency is not high. Due to the large thickness of the grain layer (generally 1.2-1.5 meters when used in the Northeast region), coupled with the high temperature during harvest in the region and the limited penetration of natural wind, the corn is seriously moldy after a period of storage. In addition, a large number of farmers in the region still use the traditional "ground lying" grain storage, which is neither rainproof nor moisture-proof, and the grain is seriously polluted by mold. Some farmers also use cylindrical grain storage silos promoted by the high-yield project. The main problems are: there is no top cover on the top of the silo, which does not have the function of rainproof; the bottom of the silo is in direct contact with the ground, and no proper ventilation space is left; plus the diameter of the storage silo is too large and not suitable for local climatic conditions, the corn mold in the center during storage is also very serious. These problems not only seriously affect the quality of grain and farmers' income, but also because aflatoxin produced by grain mold is a type of carcinogen, moldy grain also poses a serious threat to people's health. Summary of the invention:

[0004] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a grain storage bin which integrates natural ventilation and solar energy driven ventilation, which solves the problems of large grain layer thickness, fatal structural defects and lack of forced ventilation devices in the existing bin types, and makes full use of the abundant solar energy thermal resources in the areas where the facilities are promoted and applied and the relatively dry air during storage. Forced ventilation and natural ventilation of the storage bin can be achieved without external power, thereby ensuring the quality and quality safety of the stored grain.

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation, comprising a grain storage bin, a solar photovoltaic power generation system 3 and a ventilation system; characterized in that:

[0007] The grain storage bin is a square three-dimensional structure, the four sides and the bottom of the square three-dimensional structure are composed of mesh panels made of metal woven mesh, and the upper opening is connected to the bin top cover 1; the grain storage bin is divided into two left and right storage bins, namely the left bin 4 and the right bin 5, by a ventilation duct arranged in the middle;

[0008] The left and right sides of the ventilation duct are inner mesh panels of the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 respectively, a front side panel 6 is arranged at the front end of the ventilation duct, a rear side panel 7 is arranged at the rear end of the ventilation duct, a solid ventilation duct top panel 10 is arranged at the upper end of the ventilation duct, and a ventilation duct bottom panel 12 is arranged at the lower end of the ventilation duct;

[0009] A silo roof 1 is arranged on the upper part of the grain storage silo, and the silo roof 1 comprises a roof support 8 and a "human" shaped sunlight board 9, wherein the roof support 8 is a frame structure with a triangular cross section, installed at the top of the grain storage silo, and the "human" shaped sunlight board 9 is covered on the roof support 8;

[0010] The ventilation system includes an axial flow fan 2 and a control alarm unit, wherein the axial flow fan is installed at the lower position of the front side plate 6 of the ventilation duct; the control alarm unit includes temperature and humidity sensors arranged inside the left bin 4 and the right bin 5, as well as an alarm and a control module, and the control module is connected to the axial flow fan;

[0011] The solar photovoltaic power generation system 3 is arranged next to the grain storage bin to provide the required power for the grain storage device.

[0012] The present invention further includes the following preferred embodiments:

[0013] Both sides of the "human" shaped sun panel 9 are reversible structures. When one side of the "human" shaped sun panel 9 is turned over, the grain storage bin on the corresponding side of the grain storage bin can be fed through the bin roof frame structure.

[0014] An openable / closable discharge port is provided on the outer mesh plates of the left bin 4 and the right bin 5, and the bottom side of the discharge port is flush with the lower mesh plate of the grain storage bin.

[0015] The lower end of the grain storage bin is also provided with supporting legs, and the height of the supporting legs from the ground is 300mm to 500mm.

[0016] The grain layer thickness is set to 700 mm to 1000 mm, that is, the width L2 of the left bin 4 and the width L2′ of the right bin 5 are both within the range of 700 mm to 1000 mm.

[0017] The length L1 of the grain storage bin shall not exceed 4000㎜, and the height H of the grain storage bin shall not exceed 3000㎜.

[0018] A temperature and humidity sensor 11 is installed inside the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 at a distance of 500mm-1000mm from the upper end surface of the grain storage bin and not less than 500mm from the grain loading surface. The output end of the temperature and humidity sensor 11 is connected to the controller, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected to the alarm and the start and stop switch of the axial flow fan.

[0019] The alarm is installed on the outside of the mesh panels around the grain storage bin, and the controller is installed near the start and stop switch of the axial flow fan.

[0020] The front side plate 6 arranged at the front end of the ventilation duct and the rear side plate 7 arranged at the rear end of the ventilation duct are shutter structures, and the shutter structures are operated manually or electrically;

[0021] The ventilation duct bottom plate 12 arranged at the lower end of the ventilation duct is a door-type structure, and the door-type structure adopts a manual or electric working mode.

[0022] When the temperature or humidity value measured by any temperature and humidity sensor in the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 exceeds the preset threshold, the alarm sends out an alarm signal, and the controller electrically controls the shutters of the front side panel 6 and the rear side panel 7 of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the bottom plate 12 of the ventilation duct to close, and then starts the axial flow fan, so that the grain storage device enters the forced ventilation mode, and the outside air is forced into the ventilation duct and crosses the material layer of the storage bins on both sides; when the temperature or humidity values ​​measured by all temperature and humidity sensors in the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 do not exceed the preset threshold, the shutters of the front side panel 6 and the rear side panel 7 of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the bottom plate 12 of the ventilation duct are opened manually or electrically by the controller, and the axial flow fan is not started, and the grain storage device enters the natural ventilation mode.

[0023] The preset thresholds include a temperature preset threshold and a humidity preset threshold, wherein the temperature preset threshold value ranges from 25°C to 35°C, and the humidity preset threshold value ranges from 65%RH to 80%RH, and both must be met at the same time; the temperature preset threshold optimization value is 26.5°C, and the humidity preset threshold optimization value is 70%RH.

[0024] Technical effect of the present invention.

[0025] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The thickness of the grain layer in the storage warehouse is reduced from more than 1.2 meters to 0.7-1.0 meters, which is suitable for the natural climate of the Yellow River Basin and the corn producing areas in North China. Natural air can be used for ventilation and precipitation, saving the drying cost. (2) The whole warehouse adopts a cross-flow ventilation structure, avoiding the shortcomings of small warehouse capacity and unstable warehouse body caused by a simple single-warehouse single-side ventilation structure; while ensuring the quality of grain, the space utilization rate of the warehouse is improved. (3) The forced ventilation control system is driven by solar photovoltaic power generation. When the moisture content of the grain in the warehouse reaches a critical value (i.e., a set threshold), the forced ventilation system is started to ensure that the quality of high-moisture corn does not deteriorate during storage. (4) The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation system can be used by farmers when forced ventilation is not required. (5) The gap of 0.4 meters between the bottom of the warehouse and the ground allows air to penetrate the grain layer more fully; the top adopts a light-transmitting material to make full use of solar energy for drying; these measures also improve the precipitation efficiency of the grain storage warehouse. Description of the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a front view of a grain storage device that integrates natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Right view of a grain storage device that integrates natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation;

[0028] Figure 3 Left view of a grain storage device that integrates natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working elevation of the grain storage bin under forced ventilation;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working plane of the grain storage bin under forced ventilation;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working elevation of the grain storage bin under natural ventilation;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working plane of the grain storage bin under natural ventilation;

[0033] Figure 8 The bottom door structure of the grain storage system integrates natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation;

[0034] Fig. 9 The front and rear side shutters of the grain storage system, which integrates natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation, are open;

[0035] Fig.10The front and rear side shutters of the grain storage silo system, which integrates natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation, are closed.

[0036] Among them, there are warehouse roof cover 1, axial flow fan 2, solar photovoltaic power generation system 3, left warehouse 4, right warehouse 5, front side panel of ventilation duct 6, rear side panel of ventilation duct 7, roof support 8, "human" shaped solar panel 9, ventilation duct top plate 10, temperature and humidity sensor 11, and ventilation duct floor 12. Specific implementation method:

[0037] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Depend on Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 It can be seen that the grain storage device of the present application which integrates natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation includes a grain storage bin, a solar photovoltaic power generation system 3 and a ventilation system.

[0039] The grain storage bin is a square three-dimensional structure, the four sides and the bottom of the square three-dimensional structure are composed of mesh panels made of metal woven mesh, and the upper opening is connected to the bin top cover 1; the grain storage bin is divided into two left and right storage bins through a ventilation duct arranged in the middle, namely the left bin 4 and the right bin 5. An openable / closable discharge port is arranged on the outer mesh panels of the left bin 4 and the right bin 5, and the bottom side of the discharge port is flush with the lower mesh panel of the grain storage bin.

[0040] The left and right sides of the ventilation duct are respectively the inner mesh panels of the left bin 4 and the right bin 5, a front side panel 6 is arranged at the front end of the ventilation duct, a rear side panel 7 is arranged at the rear end of the ventilation duct, a solid ventilation duct top panel 10 is arranged at the upper end of the ventilation duct, and a ventilation duct bottom panel 12 is arranged at the lower end of the ventilation duct. Among them, the front and rear side panels of the ventilation duct can be arranged in the corresponding mesh panels of the grain storage bin to form a ventilation duct with the two inner mesh panels of the left bin 4 and the right bin 5, or the mesh panel located between the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 of the grain storage bin can be removed, and the front and rear side panels of the ventilation duct can be respectively arranged between the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 on the front and rear sides of the grain storage bin to form a ventilation duct with the inner mesh panels of the storage bins on both sides.

[0041] A silo roof 1 is arranged on the upper part of the silo, and the silo roof 1 comprises a roof support 8 and a "human" shaped sun panel 9. The roof support 8 is a frame structure with a triangular cross section, which is installed on the top of the silo, and the "human" shaped sun panel 9 is covered on the roof support 8; the lower edge of the roof support 8 is welded or fixedly connected with the upper edge of the mesh panel around the silo by screws. Figure 2 The silo roof frame structure is covered with a "human" shaped sun panel 9, and the "human" shaped sun panel 9 can be flipped upward respectively. When one side of the "human" shaped sun panel 9 is turned over, the grain storage bin on the corresponding side of the grain storage bin can be fed through the silo roof frame structure.

[0042] The ventilation system includes an axial flow fan 2 and a control alarm unit, wherein the axial flow fan is installed at the lower position of the front side plate 6 of the ventilation duct; the alarm unit includes a temperature and humidity sensor 11 arranged inside the left bin 4 and the right bin 5, as well as an alarm and a control module, and the control module is connected to the axial flow fan. The temperature and humidity sensor 11 is used to indirectly measure the moisture content of grain in the grain storage bin. When the detected temperature and humidity are greater than the set threshold, the alarm is triggered, and the fan is started by controlling the control module to realize the switching between natural ventilation and forced ventilation of the air duct.

[0043] See attached Figure 1 The solar photovoltaic power generation system 3 is arranged next to the grain storage bin to provide the required power for the grain storage device. The solar photovoltaic power generation system uses the electricity converted from solar energy to provide 5 to 10 hours of electricity for the ventilation system every day, and the excess electricity can also be used for farmers' families.

[0044] The lower end of the grain storage bin is also provided with supporting legs, and the height of the supporting legs from the ground is 300mm to 500mm.

[0045] See attached Figure 2 The grain layer thickness is set to 700mm-1000mm, that is, the width L2 of the left bin 4 and the width L2′ of the right bin 5 are both within the range of 700mm-1000mm. The length L1 of the grain storage bin is not greater than 4000mm, and the height H of the grain storage bin is not greater than 3000mm.

[0046] A temperature and humidity sensor is installed inside the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 at a distance of 500mm-1000mm from the upper end surface of the grain storage bin and not less than 500mm from the grain loading surface. The output end of the temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the controller, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected to the alarm and the start and stop switch of the axial flow fan.

[0047] The alarm is installed on the outside of the mesh panels around the grain storage bin, and the controller is installed near the start and stop switch of the axial flow fan.

[0048] See attached Figure 8 The two sides of the ventilation duct are the inner mesh panels of the storage bin; the ventilation duct bottom plate 12 arranged at the lower end of the ventilation duct is a door-type structure, and the door-type structure adopts a manual or electric working mode (see attached Figure 8 ); the front side plate 6 disposed at the front end of the ventilation duct and the rear side plate 7 disposed at the rear end of the ventilation duct are shutter structures, and the shutter structure adopts a manual or electric working mode (see attached Fig. 9 , Attachment Fig.10 ). When forced ventilation is used, the door structure and shutters are closed; when natural ventilation is used, the door structure and shutters are opened. Fig. 9 The shutter is open. Fig.10The shutters are closed.

[0049] When the temperature or humidity value measured by any temperature and humidity sensor in the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 exceeds the preset threshold, the alarm sends out an alarm signal, and the controller electrically controls the shutters of the front side panel 6 and the rear side panel 7 of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the bottom plate 12 of the ventilation duct to close, and then starts the axial flow fan, so that the storage device enters the forced ventilation mode, and the outside air is forced into the ventilation duct and crosses the material layer of the storage bins on both sides; when the temperature or humidity values ​​measured by all temperature and humidity sensors in the left bin 4 and the right bin 5 do not exceed the preset threshold, the shutters of the front side panel 6 and the rear side panel 7 of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the bottom plate 12 of the ventilation duct are opened manually or electrically by the controller, and the axial flow fan is not started, and the grain storage device enters the natural ventilation mode.

[0050] The preset thresholds include a temperature preset threshold and a humidity preset threshold, wherein the temperature preset threshold has a value range of 25°C-35°C, and the humidity preset threshold has a value range of 65%RH-80%RH, both of which must be satisfied at the same time. The temperature preset threshold optimization value is 26.5°C, and the humidity preset threshold optimization value is 70%RH.

[0051] After the outside air enters the ventilation duct, it crosses the material layers on both sides. The airflow direction is shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 . Figure 4 , Figure 5 It is the air flow direction when the fan is forced to ventilate. At this time, the ventilation duct is in a closed state, the shutters of the front side panel 6 and the rear side panel 7 of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the ventilation duct bottom plate 12 are in a closed state, the fan is turned on, and the gas flows into the ventilation duct from the fan, and then flows out to the left bin 4 and the right bin 5. Figure 6 , Figure 7 It is the air flow direction during natural ventilation. At this time, the shutters of the front side panel 6 and the rear side panel 7 of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the ventilation duct bottom plate 12 are in the open state. The natural wind direction is changeable. The placement of the grain storage bin is based on the conventional wind direction of natural wind during corn harvest and the actual conditions of the site. The figure shows a hypothetical natural wind direction. The natural wind flows in from the right side of the bin 5, the ventilation duct bottom plate 11, and the ventilation duct front plate, and flows out from the left side of the bin 4 and the ventilation duct rear plate.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation, comprising a grain storage bin, a solar photovoltaic power generation system (3) and a ventilation system; characterized in that: The grain storage bin is a square three-dimensional structure, the four sides and the bottom of the square three-dimensional structure are composed of mesh panels made of metal woven mesh, and the upper opening is connected to the bin top cover (1); the grain storage bin is divided into two left and right storage bins through a ventilation duct arranged in the middle, namely, a left bin (4) and a right bin (5); the grain layer thickness is set to 700mm-1000mm, that is, the width L2 of the left bin (4) and the width L2' of the right bin (5) are both within the range of 700mm-1000mm; The left and right sides of the ventilation duct are respectively the inner mesh panels of the left bin (4) and the right bin (5); a front side panel (6) is arranged at the front end of the ventilation duct, a rear side panel (7) is arranged at the rear end of the ventilation duct, a solid ventilation duct top panel (10) is arranged at the upper end of the ventilation duct, and a ventilation duct bottom panel (12) is arranged at the lower end of the ventilation duct; a bin top cover (1) is arranged at the upper part of the grain storage bin, and the bin top cover (1) comprises a top cover bracket (8) and a "human" shaped sunlight panel (9); the top cover bracket (8) is a frame structure with a triangular cross section, which is installed at the top of the grain storage bin, and the "human" shaped sunlight panel (9) is covered on the top cover bracket (8); The front side plate (6) arranged at the front end of the ventilation duct and the rear side plate (7) arranged at the rear end of the ventilation duct are shutter structures, and the shutter structures are operated manually or electrically; The ventilation duct bottom plate (12) arranged at the lower end of the ventilation duct is a door-type structure, and the door-type structure adopts a manual or electric working mode; Both sides of the "human" shaped sunlight board (9) are reversible structures. When one side of the "human" shaped sunlight board (9) is turned over, the grain storage bin on the corresponding side of the grain storage bin can be fed through the bin roof frame structure; The ventilation system comprises an axial flow fan (2) and a control alarm unit, wherein the axial flow fan is installed at the lower part of the front side plate (6) of the ventilation duct; the control alarm unit comprises temperature and humidity sensors arranged inside the left bin (4) and the right bin (5), as well as an alarm and a control module, wherein the control module is connected to the axial flow fan; The solar photovoltaic power generation system (3) is arranged next to the grain storage bin to provide the required power for the grain storage device; When the temperature value and humidity value measured by any temperature and humidity sensor in the left bin (4) and the right bin (5) exceed the preset threshold value, the alarm sends out an alarm signal, and the controller electrically controls the shutters of the front side plate (6) and the rear side plate (7) of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the bottom plate (12) of the ventilation duct to close, and then starts the axial flow fan, so that the grain storage device enters a forced ventilation mode, and the outside air is forced into the ventilation duct and crosses the material layers of the storage bins on both sides; when the temperature value or humidity value measured by all temperature and humidity sensors in the left bin (4) and the right bin (5) do not exceed the preset threshold value, the shutters of the front side plate (6) and the rear side plate (7) of the ventilation duct and the door structure of the bottom plate (12) of the ventilation duct are opened manually or the controller electrically, and the axial flow fan is not started, and the grain storage device enters a natural ventilation mode; The preset thresholds include a temperature preset threshold and a humidity preset threshold, wherein the temperature preset threshold has a value range of 25°C-35°C, and the humidity preset threshold has a value range of 65%RH-80%RH, and both must be satisfied at the same time, that is, when the temperature value and the humidity value exceed the corresponding thresholds at the same time, the alarm sends an alarm signal and enters the forced ventilation mode; the optimized value of the temperature preset threshold is 26.5°C, and the optimized value of the humidity preset threshold is 70%RH.

2. The grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An openable / closable discharge port is provided on the outer mesh plates of the left bin (4) and the right bin (5), and the bottom side of the discharge port is flush with the lower mesh plate of the grain storage bin.

3. The grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower end of the grain storage bin is also provided with supporting legs, and the height of the supporting legs from the ground is 300mm to 500mm.

4. The grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length L1 of the grain storage bin shall not exceed 4000㎜, and the height H of the grain storage bin shall not exceed 3000㎜.

5. The grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A temperature and humidity sensor (11) is installed inside the left bin (4) and the right bin (5) at a distance of 500mm-1000mm from the upper end surface of the grain storage bin and not less than 500mm from the grain loading surface. The output end of the temperature and humidity sensor (11) is connected to the controller, and the output end of the controller is respectively connected to the alarm and the start and stop switch of the axial flow fan.

6. The grain storage device integrating natural ventilation and solar-driven ventilation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The alarm is installed on the outside of the mesh panels around the grain storage bin, and the controller is installed near the start and stop switch of the axial flow fan.

Images