A modular fixed bed reactor

Abstract

The present application discloses a modular fixed bed reactor, comprising a cylinder and an annular gap structure, wherein the cylinder is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The annular gap structure is arranged in the cylinder, and divides the inner cavity of the cylinder into an air inlet cavity connected to the air inlet and an air outlet cavity connected to the air outlet. The annular gap structure is provided with a connected reaction channel and a preheating channel, wherein the reaction channel is filled with a catalyst and connected to the air outlet cavity, and the preheating channel is connected to the air inlet cavity, wherein the annular gap structure has a first heat-conducting partition that simultaneously forms the reaction channel and the preheating channel, so that the heat generated by the catalytic reaction in the reaction channel can preheat the gas in the preheating channel through the first heat-conducting partition. The fixed bed reactor can not only effectively utilize the heat generated by the catalytic reaction, but also preheat the gas that has just entered in advance, thereby improving the reaction efficiency of the fixed bed reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fixed bed reactor equipment, and in particular to a modular fixed bed reactor. Background Art

[0002] Fixed bed reactor is a commonly used chemical reactor. It refers to a reactor filled with granular solid catalysts or solid reactants to form a stacked bed of a certain height. Gas or liquid materials flow through the static fixed bed through the gaps between particles, realizing a heterogeneous reaction process. This type of reactor is characterized by the solid particles filled in the equipment being fixed, which is different from the moving bed and fluidized bed in which the solid materials move in the equipment. It is also called a packed bed reactor. Fixed bed reactors are widely used in gas-solid phase reaction and liquid-solid phase reaction processes, for example, fixed semi-water gas generators in the synthetic ammonia industry, fixed bed ion exchange columns in water treatment, etc.

[0003] Existing fixed bed reactors often have the following problems:

[0004] The structure is complex, disassembly and assembly are troublesome, and the service life is short. Once a failure occurs, the entire equipment needs to be replaced, which not only affects the overall production, but also increases the equipment cost;

[0005] Secondly, the heat generated during the reaction process is difficult to recover effectively, and the overall energy efficiency is low, resulting in a waste of resources;

[0006] The loading of the catalyst is troublesome;

[0007] Only a single type of product can be produced. Once the demand for the product is small, it is very easy to cause waste of equipment;

[0008] Production efficiency is difficult to adjust flexibly and cannot adapt well to production capacities of different scales. Summary of the invention

[0009] One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular fixed bed reactor. By setting an annular gap structure and forming a reaction channel and a preheating channel that are connected in sequence, the heat generated by the catalytic reaction of the catalyst in the reaction channel can be utilized by the preheating channel to preheat the gas in the preheating channel. This can not only effectively reduce energy consumption, save resources, and reduce production costs, but also effectively increase the reaction speed by preheating the gas in advance, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0010] One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular fixed bed reactor. By arranging the preheating channel as an air inlet channel and an intermediate channel, and making at least one reaction channel adjacent to the air inlet channel, the gas in the air inlet channel can be effectively preheated, and the gas can be preheated for a second time in conjunction with the intermediate channel, thereby further improving the rate of the catalytic reaction.

[0011] One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular fixed bed reactor, which facilitates the rapid repair or replacement of the inactivated part of the annular gap structure by providing detachable ribs, thereby reducing the impact on the overall production and effectively extending the service life of the fixed bed reactor.

[0012] One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular fixed bed reactor, which can disperse the intake air by setting an air diffuser, further reducing the impact force generated by the concentrated intake air during the production process, making the annular gap structure work more stably, and effectively extending the service life of the fixed bed reactor.

[0013] One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular fixed bed reactor, which can produce different products when the same raw gas is provided by loading different catalysts in different reaction channels, thereby effectively meeting the needs of product regulation and is particularly suitable for the production of various small batch products.

[0014] One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular fixed bed reactor, which can produce different products when the same raw gas is provided by loading different catalysts in reaction channels with different annular gap structures, thereby effectively meeting the needs of product regulation.

[0015] One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular fixed bed reactor. By modularizing the annular gap structure as a unit, the structure of the fixed bed reactor can be simpler, which is convenient for disassembly, maintenance, repair and replacement, thereby greatly reducing the impact on the overall production progress.

[0016] To achieve at least one of the above advantages of the present invention, the present invention provides a modular fixed bed reactor, wherein the fixed bed reactor comprises;

[0017] a cylinder, wherein the cylinder is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; and

[0018] At least one annular gap structure, wherein the annular gap structure is arranged in the cylinder body and divides the inner cavity of the cylinder body into an air inlet cavity connected to the air inlet and an air outlet cavity connected to the air outlet, the annular gap structure is provided with a connected reaction channel and a preheating channel, wherein the reaction channel is filled with a catalyst and connected to the air outlet cavity, and the preheating channel is connected to the air inlet cavity, wherein the annular gap structure has a first heat-conducting partition that simultaneously forms the reaction channel and the preheating channel, so that the heat generated by the catalytic reaction in the reaction channel can preheat the gas in the preheating channel through the first heat-conducting partition.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preheating channel includes an air inlet channel and an intermediate channel, wherein the air inlet channel is connected to the air inlet cavity and is connected to the reaction channel through the intermediate channel, the first heat-conductive partition is arranged between the reaction channel and the intermediate channel, at least one reaction channel is adjacent to the air inlet channel, and the annular gap structure also has a second heat-conductive partition that simultaneously forms the reaction channel and the air inlet channel.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the annular gap structure is provided with a sleeve structure, an annular groove structure and a U-shaped groove structure distributed in concentric circles, wherein the sleeve structure is located in the middle of the annular gap structure, and the opening of the sleeve structure is close to the air inlet cavity;

[0021] The cross section of the annular groove structure is double U-shaped, and the annular groove structure respectively forms a first groove cavity facing the gas outlet cavity and a second groove cavity facing the gas inlet cavity, and the sleeve structure is gap-embedded in the first groove cavity of the annular groove structure located in the middle to form the gas inlet channel, the intermediate channel and the reaction channel, respectively, and two adjacent annular groove structures are gap-embedded with each other;

[0022] The U-shaped groove structure is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder, and the side wall gap of the U-shaped groove structure close to the middle is embedded in the second groove cavity.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the U-shaped groove structure away from the middle portion is formed by the side wall of the cylinder.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the annular gap structure further includes at least one rib, wherein the rib extends along the radial direction of the cylinder and detachably connects the U-shaped groove structure, the annular groove structure and the sleeve structure.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ribs are implemented as at least two ribs, which are cross-distributed at a predetermined angle, and the ribs are simultaneously arranged at the ends of the annular gap structure close to the air inlet cavity and the air outlet cavity.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the annular gap structure further includes an air diffuser, wherein the air diffuser is arranged at the connection between at least two of the ribs and close to the air inlet cavity, wherein the bottom and side walls of the air diffuser are both provided with air delivery channels.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst has a plurality of different types, and the catalysts of different types are respectively loaded into different reaction channels.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fixed bed reactor comprises a plurality of the annular gap structures, wherein the plurality of the annular gap structures are detachably arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder in a flat or stacked manner.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst has a plurality of different types, and the catalysts of different types are respectively loaded into the reaction channels of different annular gap structures.

[0030] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be fully reflected in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a modular fixed bed reactor of the present application is shown.

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the modular fixed bed reactor of the present application is shown.

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of the ventilation structure in the present application is shown.

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the modular fixed bed reactor of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The preferred embodiments described below are for example only, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description may be applied to other embodiments, variations, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0036] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of the specification, the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0037] refer to Figures 1 to 4A modular fixed bed reactor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below, wherein the modular fixed bed reactor comprises a barrel 10 and at least one annular gap structure 20, wherein the barrel 10 has an inner cavity 101, and is provided with an inlet 102 and an outlet 103 communicating with the inner cavity 101, wherein as a preferred embodiment, the inlet 102 is arranged at the upper part of the barrel 10, such as the top end of the barrel 10 or the side close to the top end, and the corresponding outlet 103 is arranged at the lower part of the barrel 10, such as the bottom end of the barrel 10 or the side close to the bottom end. The gas to be reacted enters the inner cavity 101 of the barrel 10 through the inlet 102 of the barrel 10, undergoes catalytic reaction through the annular gap structure 20, gathers at the upper part of the barrel 10, and is discharged through the outlet 103.

[0038] The annular gap structure 20 is arranged in the cylinder 10, and divides the inner cavity 101 of the cylinder 10 into an inlet cavity 1021 connected to the inlet port 102 and an outlet cavity 1031 connected to the outlet port 103. The annular gap structure 20 is provided with a reaction channel 201 and a preheating channel 202 connected to each other, wherein the reaction channel 201 is filled with a catalyst and connected to the outlet cavity 1031, so that the gas is discharged into the outlet cavity 1031 after catalytic reaction by the catalyst, and finally discharged from the cylinder 10 through the outlet port 103. The preheating channel 202 is connected to the inlet cavity 1021. The annular gap structure 20 has a first heat-conducting partition 203 that simultaneously forms the reaction channel 201 and the preheating channel 202. During operation, the heat generated by the catalytic reaction of the catalyst in the reaction channel 201 is used to preheat the gas in the preheating channel 202 through the first heat-conducting partition 203, which not only makes good use of the heat generated by the catalytic reaction, but also preheats the newly-incoming gas, so that the preheated gas can undergo a rapid catalytic reaction with the catalyst after entering the reaction channel 201, thereby accelerating the reaction rate and improving work efficiency.

[0039] The first heat-conductive separator 203 is preferably implemented as a plate, which not only has a certain structural strength but also has a certain thermal conductivity to ensure the stability of gas transmission and the efficiency of heat exchange between the reaction channel 201 and the preheating channel 202.

[0040] In addition, considering that the gas has a relatively light mass, it generally floats from bottom to top. The preheating channel 202 and the reaction channel 201 are preferably implemented to extend in a vertical direction, wherein when the reaction channel 201 extends in a vertical direction, it is easier to load the catalyst into the reaction channel 201.

[0041] In addition, the annular gap structure 20 refers to a gap along the annular direction, and the reaction channel 201 and the preheating channel 202 are formed by these annular gaps, and the gas flows between these channels and reacts with the catalyst, so that the tube wall forming the channel of the annular gap structure 20 will not be under pressure during use, and the material requirements are relatively low. Therefore, the material selection of the annular gap structure 20 is very convenient and extensive, and it is easier to process and manufacture, and can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the fixed bed reactor.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preheating channel 202 includes an air inlet channel 2021 and an intermediate channel 2022, wherein the air inlet channel 2021 is connected to the air inlet cavity 1021, and is connected to the reaction channel 201 through the intermediate channel 2022. The first heat-conducting separator 203 is arranged between the reaction channel 201 and the intermediate channel 2022, so that the heat generated by the catalyst in the reaction channel 201 provides preheating for the gas in the intermediate channel 2022 connected thereto. In addition, at least one of the reaction channels 201 is adjacent to the air inlet channel 2021, and at the same time, the annular structure 20 also has a second heat-conducting separator 204 that simultaneously forms the reaction channel 201 and the air inlet channel 2021, so that the catalytic reaction in the reaction channel 201 can not only provide preheating for the gas in the intermediate channel 2022, but also provide preheating for the adjacent air inlet channel 2021 through the second heat-conducting separator 204. In this way, the gas entering from the air inlet 102 is first preheated by the air inlet channel 2021, and then enters the intermediate channel 2022 from the air inlet channel 2021, undergoes secondary preheating in the intermediate channel 2022, and finally enters the reaction channel 201 to react with the catalyst, so that the heat generated by the catalytic reaction can be utilized to the maximum extent, and the gas that has undergone secondary preheating can undergo a catalytic reaction faster when it encounters the catalyst, thereby improving reaction efficiency.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional width of the reaction channel 201 is greater than the cross-sectional widths of the air inlet channel 2021 and the intermediate channel 2022, so that more of the catalyst can be loaded in a limited space, thereby effectively improving the reaction efficiency of the fixed bed reactor.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular gap structure 20 is provided with a sleeve structure 205, an annular groove structure 206 and a U-shaped groove structure 207 distributed in concentric circles, wherein the sleeve structure 205 is located in the middle of the annular gap structure 20, and the opening of the sleeve structure 205 is close to the air inlet cavity 1021;

[0045] The cross section of the annular groove structure 206 is double U-shaped, and the annular groove structure 206 forms a first groove cavity 2061 facing the gas outlet cavity 1031 and a second groove cavity 2062 facing the gas inlet cavity 1021. The sleeve structure 205 is interspaced in the first groove cavity 2061 of the annular groove structure 206 located in the middle, so that the gas inlet channel 2021, the intermediate channel 2022 and the reaction channel 201 are formed through the side wall of the sleeve structure 205 and the side wall of the first groove cavity 2061, and the adjacent two annular groove structures 206 are interspaced with each other to form the gas inlet channel 2021, the intermediate channel 2022 and the reaction channel 201;

[0046] The U-shaped groove structure 207 is disposed on the side wall of the cylinder 10 , and the side wall gap of the U-shaped groove structure 207 close to the middle is embedded in the second groove cavity 2062 .

[0047] It should be noted that in the specific embodiment of the above-mentioned annular gap structure 20, since the annular groove structure 206 is used to cooperate with the U-shaped groove structure 207 and the sleeve structure 205, and the gap between the adjacent two annular groove structures 206 is interlocked to form the inlet channel 2021, the reaction channel 2022 and the intermediate channel 201, the specifications of the fixed bed reactor can be flexibly adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of the annular groove structures 206, so as to meet the production capacity of different scales, and the use is more convenient and flexible. In simple terms, the more the number of the annular groove structures 206, the larger the cross-sectional area of ​​the fixed bed reactor will be, the more the catalyst that can be loaded will be, the more the amount of catalytic reaction will be, and the more gas that can be produced per unit time will be. The annular gap structure 20 does not require additional heat exchange medium, has few additional devices, has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble and assemble, and can be freely matched and assembled according to the on-site conditions.

[0048] In addition, it is worth mentioning that in certain specific cases, such as for the case of oblique air intake and oblique air outlet, the orientation of the openings of the U-shaped groove structure 207, the sleeve structure 205 and the annular groove structure 206 can also be set to form a certain angle with the axial direction of the cylinder 10, that is, the air intake channel 2021 and the reaction channel 201 are deflected clockwise or counterclockwise in the same direction by a certain angle, and the intermediate channel 2022 is parallel to the air intake channel 2021 and the reaction channel 201, and is also deflected by a certain angle to achieve oblique air intake, oblique gas transmission and oblique gas outlet. In particular, when there are a large number of intermediate channels 2022 connecting the reaction channel 201 and the air intake channel 2021, this oblique setting method can achieve the effect of baffled gas transmission in a limited space, so as to achieve a more sufficient preheating of the gas.

[0049] Preferably, the side wall of the U-shaped groove structure 207 away from the middle portion is formed by the side wall of the cylinder 10, so as to simplify the annular gap structure 20 and save raw materials.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the annular gap structure 20 further includes at least one rib 208 , wherein the rib 208 extends radially along the cylinder 10 and detachably connects the U-shaped groove structure 207 , the annular groove structure 206 and the sleeve structure 205 .

[0051] Since the U-shaped groove structure 207, the annular groove structure 206 and the sleeve structure 205 are all detachably connected to the rib 208, when a component becomes faulty or inactivated, the faulty component can be directly replaced without adjusting or replacing the entire fixed bed reactor, thereby reducing the impact on production efficiency and saving equipment costs.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ribs 208 are implemented as at least two, and the at least two ribs 208 are cross-distributed at a predetermined angle, and the ribs 208 are simultaneously arranged on the ends of the annular gap structure 20 close to the air inlet cavity 1021 and the air outlet cavity 1031, respectively, so that the U-shaped groove structure 207, the annular groove structure 206 and the sleeve structure 205 are fixed by a relatively simple connection structure, and the impact on the intake or exhaust can be effectively reduced.

[0053] In addition, considering that the fixed bed reactor catalyzes the gas through the annular gap structure 20, the annular gap structure 20 will inevitably be subjected to a greater impact force from the newly introduced gas at the end close to the air inlet 102. In order to further improve the service life of the fixed bed reactor, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular gap structure 20 also includes a diffuser 209, wherein the diffuser 209 is arranged at the connection between at least two of the ribs 208 and close to the air inlet cavity 1021, wherein the bottom and side walls of the diffuser 209 are provided with a gas transmission channel 2091 to disperse the gas coming in from the air inlet cavity 1021 at the bottom and circumference respectively, thereby reducing the concentration of the gas and reducing the impact force on the annular gap structure 20.

[0054] Preferably, the catalyst has multiple different categories, and the catalysts of different categories are respectively loaded in different reaction channels 201. In the case of the same raw gas, the multiple reaction channels 201 respectively perform different catalytic reactions according to the different catalysts, so that different products can be produced, which can meet the needs of flexible adjustment of product quantity, especially for the production of multiple types and small batches of products.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed bed reactor comprises a plurality of annular gap structures 20, wherein the plurality of annular gap structures 20 are detachably arranged in the inner cavity 101 of the cylinder 10 in a flat or stacked manner, that is, the plurality of annular gap structures 20 are horizontally flattened along the radial direction of the cylinder 10 to perform a single catalytic reaction on the gas, or are longitudinally stacked along the axial direction of the cylinder 10 to perform multiple catalytic reactions on the gas. When the plurality of annular gap structures 20 are arranged in the inner cavity 101 in a flat manner, the gaps between the plurality of annular gap structures 20 are also filled with blocking structures to prevent the gas coming in from the inlet cavity 1021 from directly passing through these gaps into the outlet cavity 1031 without reacting, and being discharged from the outlet 103. The blocking structure can be composed of various materials that do not have a negative reaction to the fixed bed reactor. Therefore, in the actual production process, the number of the annular gap structures 20 can be appropriately increased or decreased based on the annular gap structures 20, so as to carry out corresponding production expansion or production reduction, so as to facilitate the enterprise to control the production rhythm.

[0056] It is worth mentioning that, under the condition of the same raw gas, in addition to loading different catalysts in different reaction channels 201 in the same annular gap structure 20, different catalysts can also be loaded in the reaction channels 201 of different annular gap structures 20 based on the annular gap structure 20, and different products can also be produced through a fixed bed reactor.

[0057] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The advantages of the present invention have been fully and effectively achieved. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention may be deformed or modified in any way without departing from the principles.

Claims

1. A modular fixed bed reactor, characterized in that: Wherein the fixed bed reactor comprises: A cylinder, wherein the cylinder is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; and at least one annular gap structure, wherein the annular gap structure is arranged in the cylinder body and divides the inner cavity of the cylinder body into an air inlet cavity connected to the air inlet and an air outlet cavity connected to the air outlet, the annular gap structure is provided with a reaction channel and a preheating channel connected to each other, wherein the reaction channel is filled with a catalyst and connected to the air outlet cavity, and the preheating channel is connected to the air inlet cavity, wherein the annular gap structure has a first heat-conducting partition that simultaneously forms the reaction channel and the preheating channel, so that the heat generated by the catalytic reaction in the reaction channel can preheat the gas in the preheating channel through the first heat-conducting partition; The preheating channel includes an air inlet channel and an intermediate channel, wherein the air inlet channel is connected to the air inlet cavity and is connected to the reaction channel through the intermediate channel, the first heat-conducting separator is arranged between the reaction channel and the intermediate channel, at least one reaction channel is adjacent to the air inlet channel, and the annular gap structure further includes a second heat-conducting separator that forms both the reaction channel and the air inlet channel; The annular gap structure is provided with a sleeve structure, an annular groove structure and a U-shaped groove structure distributed in concentric circles, wherein the sleeve structure is located in the middle of the annular gap structure, and the opening of the sleeve structure is close to the air inlet cavity; The cross section of the annular groove structure is double U-shaped, and the annular groove structure respectively forms a first groove cavity facing the gas outlet cavity and a second groove cavity facing the gas inlet cavity, and the sleeve structure is gap-embedded in the first groove cavity of the annular groove structure located in the middle of the annular gap structure to respectively form the gas inlet channel, the intermediate channel and the reaction channel, and two adjacent annular groove structures are gap-embedded with each other; The U-shaped groove structure is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder, and the side wall gap of the U-shaped groove structure close to the middle of the annular gap structure is embedded in the second groove cavity.

2. The modular fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the U-shaped groove structure away from the middle of the annular gap structure is formed by the side wall of the cylinder.

3. The modular fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular gap structure further includes at least one rib, wherein the rib extends along the radial direction of the cylinder and detachably connects the U-shaped groove structure, the annular groove structure and the sleeve structure.

4. The modular fixed bed reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ribs are implemented as at least two ribs, which are cross-distributed at a predetermined angle, and the ribs are simultaneously arranged at the ends of the annular gap structure respectively close to the air inlet cavity and the air outlet cavity.

5. The modular fixed bed reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The annular gap structure further comprises an air diffuser, wherein the air diffuser is arranged at the connection of at least two of the ribs and close to the air inlet cavity, wherein the bottom and side walls of the air diffuser are both provided with air delivery channels.

6. The modular fixed bed reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The catalyst has a plurality of different types, and the catalysts of different types are respectively loaded into different reaction channels.

7. The modular fixed bed reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The fixed bed reactor comprises a plurality of the annular gap structures, wherein the plurality of the annular gap structures are detachably arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder in a flat or stacked manner.

8. The modular fixed bed reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The catalyst has a plurality of different categories, and the catalysts of different categories are respectively loaded into the reaction channels of different annular gap structures.

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