Aquaculture feed additive and preparation method thereof
By using feed additives of eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and olefin natural plant extracts in the aquaculture field, combined with emulsifiers and stabilizers, the problems of disease control and environmental pollution in aquaculture are solved, and no residues and no side effects are achieved. The insecticidal and antibacterial effects have improved the immunity of aquatic animals and the water quality of fish ponds.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211167648.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-09-23
AI Technical Summary
The aquaculture industry faces potential risks such as parasitic diseases and bacterial diseases. Traditional antibiotic feed additives lead to drug residues, reduced immunity and drug resistance problems, serious environmental pollution, and less research on plant essential oils in the aquaculture field.
The proportionally selected eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and olefin natural plant extracts are used as aquaculture feed additives, combined with emulsifiers and stabilizers to form a synergistic natural, efficient, and side-effect-free product, with insecticidal and inhibitory Bacterial effect.
It has achieved disease prevention and inhibition without residues and side effects, improved the immunity of aquatic animals, improved the water quality of fish ponds, avoided drug resistance, and effectively controlled environmental pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN115886150B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture feed, and in particular relates to an aquaculture feed additive and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] The current development prospects of the domestic aquaculture industry are quite promising. Whether it is the traditional four major carps or the yellow catfish and sea bass that have gradually emerged in recent years, the farming profits are very considerable, but they are also facing the impact of various parasitic diseases and bacterial diseases, which bring huge potential risks to the aquaculture industry. In order to avoid or reduce the harm caused by various diseases to the aquaculture industry, various aquaculture drugs have emerged in the market. Although there are many varieties, their quality is uneven.
[0003] Antibiotic feed additives can easily produce drug residues in farmed animals, causing problems such as reduced immunity, endogenous infection or superinfection in farmed animals. At the same time, bacteria, parasites and viruses can also develop drug resistance. In order to reduce losses, farmers can only rely on increasing the dosage to effectively control various diseases, which has also led to serious environmental pollution and damaged the food safety and health of the Chinese people. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs began a "comprehensive ban on antibiotics" on July 1, 2020, and the biological feed additive industry has also ushered in explosive growth, producing good social and economic benefits.
[0004] In order to cope with the harm caused by intensive production and abuse of antibiotics, plant essential oils have become a popular choice to replace antibiotics. In terms of production, plant essential oils have the advantages of abundant resources, safety, and non-toxicity; in terms of application, plant essential oils can be used as regulators of immune and physiological responses, and have the advantages of anti-stress, anti-oxidation, and promoting gastrointestinal health. At present, most of the research on plant essential oils is focused on livestock and poultry farming, and there are relatively few reports on aquaculture. However, existing reports show that plant essential oils have a potential role in promoting the health of aquatic animals. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aquaculture feed additive and a preparation method thereof, by selecting eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and olefin natural plant extracts in proportion, a synergistic effect is obtained, so that the prepared additive has the characteristics of being natural, highly effective, having no side effects and no residues, and having both insecticidal and antibacterial effects.
[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] The invention provides an aquaculture feed additive, which comprises, by weight percentage, 8-12% of essential oil, 17-23% of emulsifier, 26-34% of stabilizer and balance water; the essential oil comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: 56-63 parts of eucalyptus oil, 24-37 parts of tea tree oil and 7-13 parts of olefin natural plant extract.
[0008] Preferably, the olefin natural plant extract comprises the following components by weight: 2-4 parts of α-terpinene, 3-7 parts of γ-terpinene, and 1-3 parts of terpinene.
[0009] Preferably, the aquaculture feed additive comprises, by mass percentage, 10% essential oil, 20% emulsifier, 30% stabilizer and the balance water.
[0010] Preferably, the essential oil comprises the following components by mass: 60 parts of eucalyptus oil, 30 parts of tea tree oil, and 10 parts of olefin natural plant extract.
[0011] Preferably, the olefin natural plant extract comprises the following components by weight: 3 parts of α-terpinene, 5 parts of γ-terpinene and 2 parts of terpinene.
[0012] Preferably, the emulsifier is Tween-80.
[0013] Preferably, the stabilizer is 1,2-propylene glycol.
[0014] Preferably, the water is purified water.
[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an aquaculture feed additive, which is used for preparing the above-mentioned aquaculture feed additive, comprising the following steps: S1: uniformly mixing eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene and isoprene to obtain solution A; S2: mixing an emulsifier and a stabilizer to obtain solution B; S3: uniformly stirring the solution A obtained in step S1 and the solution B obtained in step S2 at 25-35°C, adding excess water, and uniformly stirring again to obtain the aquaculture feed additive.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0017] The aquaculture feed additive of the present invention adopts natural essential oil eucalyptus oil and tea tree oil as main effective ingredients, cooperates with emulsifier and stabilizer, is clear and transparent after dilution with water, avoids the problem that traditional plant essential oil is immiscible with water or has poor mutual solubility effect, and causes the insecticidal and bactericidal effects of essential oil itself to be affected, the product can be directly diluted and poured into pond for use, and can also be mixed with feed for feeding, can effectively prevent and inhibit diseases, improve the immunity of aquatic animals, and will not make farmed animals produce drug resistance. The plant essential oil feed additive with eucalyptus oil and tea tree oil as main effective ingredients of the present invention not only has the effects of anthelmintic and antibacterial, but also can improve the water quality of fish ponds, alleviate environmental pollution, has the characteristics of natural, efficient, no side effects, no residue, and is a feed additive with broad-spectrum antibacterial and insecticidal effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is the microscopic examination result of the number of wheelworms after using the feed additive of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
[0020] Embodiment 1:
[0021] The aquaculture feed additive provided in this embodiment includes, by mass percentage, 10% essential oil, 20% emulsifier, 30% stabilizer and the balance water, and the essential oil includes the following components by mass: 60 parts of eucalyptus oil, 30 parts of tea tree oil, and 10 parts of olefin natural plant extracts. Among them, the olefin natural plant extract includes the following components by mass: 3 parts of α-terpinene, 5 parts of γ-terpinene, and 2 parts of terpinene.
[0022] In this embodiment, the emulsifier is Tween-80, the stabilizer is 1,2-propylene glycol, and the water is purified water.
[0023] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing an aquaculture feed additive, which is used to prepare the above-mentioned aquaculture feed additive, comprising the following steps:
[0024] S1: 60 g of eucalyptus oil, 30 g of tea tree oil, 3 g of α-terpinene, 5 g of γ-terpinene and 2 g of terpinene were mixed evenly to obtain solution A.
[0025] S2: Solution B was obtained by mixing 20 g of Tween-80 and 30 g of 1,2-propylene glycol.
[0026] S3: Take 10 g of solution A obtained in step S1 and solution B obtained in step S2, stir them evenly at 30° C., add 40 g of water, and stir them evenly again to obtain an aquaculture feed additive with eucalyptus oil and tea tree oil as active ingredients.
[0027] The inhibition zone method was used to detect eight common pathogens of aquatic animals (including Aeromonas hydrophila ( Aeromonas hydrophila ), Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( Vibrio Parahaemolyticus )、Vibrio vulnificus( V. vulnificus ), Vibrio harveyi ( V. harveyirec )、Vibrio alginolyticus( V. alginolyticus )、Vibrio anguillarum( V. anguillarum )、Photobacterium luminescens( Photobacterium damselae ) and Streptococcus agalactiae ( Streptococcus agalactiae )) conducted an in vitro antibacterial effect test to compare the antibacterial effects of pure eucalyptus oil, pure tea tree oil, and a mixture of three olefins: pure α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, and isoprene, as well as natural plant essential oils mixed in different proportions. The results showed that both eucalyptus oil and tea tree oil had a certain antibacterial effect. 8 The eight bacterial liquids with a concentration of CFU / ml were spread on LB medium, and each essential oil was prepared into a mother solution of a certain concentration, and immersed in a drug-sensitive paper to make its concentration 5ppm. The results showed that pure eucalyptus oil, pure tea tree oil and pure three olefin mixed essential oils all had a certain degree of antibacterial effect, and the mixture of eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and three olefins prepared in a certain proportion had a significantly enhanced antibacterial effect. When the ratio of eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and three olefins was 6:3:1, the antibacterial effect was the best, as shown in Table 1:
[0028]
[0029] Table 1 Inhibitory effects of different natural plant essential oils on common aquatic pathogens
[0030] Note: When the diameter of the inhibition zone is >6mm, it means there is an antibacterial effect. The larger the diameter of the inhibition zone, the better the antibacterial effect.
[0031] The common oblique tubeworms of aquatic animals pre-cultivated in the laboratory were divided into 6 groups for experiments, one of which was a blank control group without adding any natural plant essential oils. A total of 5 essential oil formulas, including pure eucalyptus oil, pure tea tree oil, pure three olefin mixtures, and eucalyptus oil: tea tree oil: three olefin mixtures = 6:3:1 / 4:4:2, were used, and the essential oil concentration was set to 5ppm for insecticidal effect tests. The specific experimental scheme is: the experimental group added the above essential oils at a concentration of 5ppm to the oblique tubeworm culture dish, and the control group did not add any plant essential oils. After standing for 2h, the killing of oblique tubeworms was observed under a microscope and the video was taken, analyzed with ImageJ, and the survival rate was calculated. The results show that pure eucalyptus oil, pure tea tree oil and pure three olefin mixtures all have different degrees of insecticidal effects, and after the three are mixed into a mixed essential oil in a certain proportion, the insecticidal effect is significantly improved; when the ratio of eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and three olefin mixtures is 6:3:1, it has the best killing effect on oblique tubeworms, as shown in Table 2:
[0032]
[0033] Table 2 The killing effect of different natural plant essential oils on Obliquus fasciatus
[0034] After selecting the best ratio, the essential oil and emulsifier are mixed, and then field tests are conducted based on the disease conditions and pest infection conditions of different aquatic animals. The following is an explanation of the effects of field application.
[0035] Field application effect test:
[0036] 1. Antibacterial effect experiment
[0037] A field test was conducted at a Dongfeng snail farm in Guangdong. The Dongfeng snails in the farm crawled out of the sand bottom during the day due to infection with Vibrio and basically did not eat. The feed additive product of the present invention was used for pond splashing treatment, and the specific dosage was: 20g of the feed additive of the present invention was used per mu for splashing at a water depth of one meter, and the splashing was continued for 3 days. 50 Dongfeng snails were randomly taken for Vibrio detection, and it was found that the number of Vibrio decreased significantly, but a small amount of Vibrio still existed. Continue to splash for 3 days, and then randomly pick up 50 Dongfeng snails from the pond for inspection. It was found that the Vibrio was effectively controlled, the Dongfeng snails in the pond could eat normally, the activity was good, the growth state returned to normal levels, and the number of Vibrio in the water body was significantly reduced (see Table 3). In addition, the water body was taken for heavy metal and harmful substance inspection, and no heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic and copper were found to exceed the standard, and no harmful substances such as hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, methyl parathion and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected.
[0038]
[0039] Table 3 The inhibitory effect of the feed additive of the present invention on Vibrio
[0040] 2. Anti-insect effect test
[0041] A field test was conducted at a farm in Hainan. The white shrimp in the farm were infected with hepatocytosis, which caused them to eat slower and have poor feed efficiency, seriously affecting their digestion and absorption functions. 20 shrimp were randomly selected for hepatocytosis testing, and the test results showed a positive result of 5, and hepatocytosis was found under a microscope.
[0042] The feed additive with the best ratio of the present invention was used and divided into two groups for testing. One group used the pond splashing method, and the specific method of use was: 2g of the compound mixed feed additive product was used per mu of water with a depth of one meter for splashing, and then splashed again after an interval of 2 days. This method was repeated for one week, and then 50 white shrimps were randomly selected from the pond for liver cell parasite detection and microscopic examination. One group was mixed with ordinary aquatic feed and fed, and the specific method of use was: 100g of the compound mixed feed additive product was mixed with 200kg of ordinary aquatic feed, and the mixture was fully mixed and fed continuously for 3-5 days. This method was repeated for one week, and then 50 shrimps were randomly selected from the pond for liver cell parasite detection and microscopic examination. The results show that the best ratio of feed additives of the present invention can effectively kill liver parasites by pouring ponds and mixing feeds. Data comparison shows that the mixing feed method is better for feeding for anthelmintics, and the pouring pond method is not as effective as the mixing feed method. The possible reason is that after pouring ponds, the water solution outdoors is greatly affected by external factors, resulting in the rapid volatilization of essential oils and affecting the efficacy of the product (see Table 4). In addition, some shrimps were extracted and compared with shrimps killed with traditional chemical agents for solvent residues and heavy metal residues. The results show that after the feed additives of the present invention were used to kill insects, no excessive heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic and copper were detected in the shrimps, and no harmful substances such as hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, methyl parathion and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected.
[0043]
[0044] Table 4 The killing effect of feed additives with eucalyptus oil and tea tree oil as main active ingredients on hepatocellular parasites
[0045] Clinical trials were conducted at a cement pond farm in Hainan, with 15 cubic meters of water in each pond, a water level of 80 cm, 52 cement ponds, and 320 Eastern Star Spots. It was found that the Eastern Star Spots were infected with wheelworms, the fish body was de-sticky, the feeding slowed down, and some of them floated up. The feed additive of this embodiment was used for feeding, and the specific method of use was as follows: 100g of the feed additive of this embodiment was mixed with 200kg of ordinary aquatic feed, and the mixture was fed continuously for 3-5 days after being fully stirred, and it was used at least 3 times a month. After 3 days of feeding, the Eastern Star Spots gradually returned to normal, and the number of wheelworms was significantly reduced. After 6 days of feeding, most of the Eastern Star Spots ate well, with only a small amount of wheelworms. After 10 days of feeding, all the Eastern Star Spots ate well, had good activity, and the growth state returned to normal levels. After 3 days, 6 days, and 10 days of feeding, 20 Eastern Star Spots were randomly selected for microscopic examination. After 10 days of feeding, no wheelworms were found in the microscopic examination, and the anthelmintic rate reached 100%. The following are the microscopic examination results and attached pictures before and after actual use. After use, the fish body surface was smooth and flat, the flesh color was bright, the lines were clear, and no wheelworm parasites were found (see Table 5, Figure 1 ).
[0046]
[0047] Table 5 The killing effect of the feed additive of the present invention on Trichodina
[0048] Embodiment 2:
[0049] The aquaculture feed additive provided in this embodiment includes, by mass percentage, 12% essential oil, 17% emulsifier, 34% stabilizer and the balance water, and the essential oil includes the following components by mass: 56 parts of eucalyptus oil, 37 parts of tea tree oil, and 7 parts of olefin natural plant extracts. Among them, the olefin natural plant extract includes the following components by mass: 2 parts of α-terpinene, 4 parts of γ-terpinene, and 1 part of terpinene.
[0050] Embodiment three:
[0051] The aquaculture feed additive provided in this embodiment includes, by mass percentage, 12% essential oil, 23% emulsifier, 26% stabilizer and the balance water, and the essential oil includes the following components by mass: 63 parts of eucalyptus oil, 24 parts of tea tree oil, and 13 parts of olefin natural plant extracts. Among them, the olefin natural plant extract includes the following components by mass: 4 parts of α-terpinene, 7 parts of γ-terpinene, and 2 parts of terpinene.
[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. An aquaculture feed additive, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, it includes: 8-12% essential oil, 17-23% emulsifier, 26-34% stabilizer and the balance water; The essential oil comprises the following components by mass: 60 parts of eucalyptus oil; 30 parts of tea tree oil; 10 parts of olefin natural plant extracts; The olefin natural plant extract comprises the following components by weight: 2-4 parts of alpha-terpinene; 3-7 parts of gamma terpinene; 1-3 parts of terpinolene; The ratio of eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and three olefins is 6:3:
1.
2. The aquaculture feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes: 10% essential oil, 20% emulsifier, 30% stabilizer and the balance water.
3. The aquaculture feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The olefin natural plant extract comprises the following components by weight: 3 parts of alpha-terpinene; 5 parts of gamma terpinene; 2 parts of terpinolene.
4. The aquaculture feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emulsifier is Tween-80.
5. The aquaculture feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilizer is 1,2-propylene glycol.
6. The aquaculture feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water is purified water.
7. A method for preparing an aquaculture feed additive, used for preparing the aquaculture feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene and terpinene are mixed evenly to obtain solution A; S2: mixing the emulsifier and the stabilizer to obtain solution B; S3: After the solution A obtained in step S1 and the solution B obtained in step S2 are stirred at 25-35° C., the remaining amount of water is added, and the mixture is stirred again to obtain an aquaculture feed additive.