Saline-alkali soil sea rice and blue crab symbiotic planting and breeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a symbiotic planting and breeding method for sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following operation steps: S1, salt leaching and salinity reduction of the saline-alkali soil: separating a saline water system from a fresh water system, and firstly leaching salt in the saline-alkali soil to reduce the salinity to 0.5-0.6%; the periphery of the paddy field needs to be provided with annular ditches with the depth, and shallow ditches need to be dug in the center of the paddy field; s3, planting a rice variety and putting blue crabs: selecting a salt-tolerant sea rice variety for sowing, seedling raising, seedling throwing and planting, and putting blue crab seeds after seedlings turn green; s4, rice field management and disease and pest control: applying special feed to solve the disease and pest problem; the water in the rice field needs to flow in an internal circulation mode, and the water quality is adjusted through beneficial microbial preparations. The method has the advantages that the sea rice variety with the high salt tolerance is introduced, planting and breeding are combined, three-dimensional breeding is achieved, the output value is high, and the method has great significance in stabilizing grains and improving the planting field benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice-sludge crab symbiosis, and in particular to a method for symbiotically breeding sea rice and mud crabs in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Rice-crab farming is an agricultural model that combines rice planting and river crab farming. It is based on the theory of rice raising crabs, crab raising rice, and rice-crab symbiosis. Crabs can clear weeds in the fields and eat pests. Their excrement can fertilize the fields and promote rice growth. Rice provides rich natural bait and good living conditions for river crabs, forming a virtuous ecological cycle. Through reasonable transformation of ponds, rice planting, stocking crab seedlings and daily management, benign symbiosis and mutual promotion of rice and river crabs can be achieved, achieving the dual goals of improving economic and ecological benefits.

[0003] The rice-crab breeding technology currently being promoted and applied generally involves breeding freshwater hairy crabs in freshwater rice fields, because it is not possible to grow conventional rice and breed freshwater crabs in saline-alkali land. The salinity of fields transformed from tidal flats is relatively high, and they are not conventional freshwater fields, so general rice varieties are not suitable. In addition, the yield of single-planted sea rice is low and has little benefit. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problem that the above-mentioned general conventional rice and freshwater crabs cannot be cultured in saline-alkali land, the salinity of the fields transformed from tidal flats is relatively high, they are not conventional freshwater fields, general rice varieties are not suitable, and the yield of single-planted sea rice is low and there is little benefit. A method for symbiotically cultivating sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land is provided.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for symbiotic cultivation of seawater rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land, the method for symbiotic cultivation of seawater rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land comprising the following operation steps: S1, washing salt from saline-alkali land and reducing salinity: to plant seawater rice fields, the salt water and fresh water systems must be separated, and a dedicated pipe network must be provided. Saline-alkali land is generally reclaimed land by the sea, and seawater (salinity of 1.1-2.2%) must not be allowed to directly enter the rice fields, and another channel must be provided; the saline-alkali land rice fields must first be washed of salt, specifically by digging wells to take water, mechanical irrigation, deep plowing, and soaking in fresh water for 2-3 days and draining once, for 4-5 times in a row, to reduce the salinity to 0.5-0.6%;

[0006] Among them, the salinity is the key technical parameter to ensure the normal growth of rice and blue crabs; if the salinity is too high, the rice will not grow well, and if the salinity is too low, the blue crabs will not grow and may even affect the survival rate. This is a key balance point, which is to adjust the salinity of field production water by adjusting the ratio of salt water to fresh water.

[0007] S2. Digging ditches in rice fields: A circular ditch with a depth of 80-100cm and a width of 120-150cm should be dug around the paddy field to facilitate the blue crabs to swim and feed in the water. A shallow ditch should be dug in the center of the rice field, generally 50cm wide and 30cm deep, to be suitable for machine transplanting and harvesting. The water at the inlet and outlet is a closed loop, that is, the entire water can flow. The middle ditch is slightly shallower to facilitate the blue crabs to crawl and live under the rice.

[0008] S3. Planting rice varieties and releasing mud crabs: Select seawater rice varieties with high salt tolerance, such as Shengxian No. 1 and No. 2, and release mud crab seeds after the seedlings turn green;

[0009] S4. Rice field management and pest control: Rice and blue crab field management and pest control: Rice needs fertilizer to grow, blue crab needs bait to grow. Rice is usually tilled with organic biofertilizer before planting. Organic instant fertilizer or foliar topdressing can be used to solve the problem of fertilizer for rice growth. Blue crabs usually rely on plankton in the field or feed blue clams and blue crabs with special compound feed. You can also use a special feed that can be used as both fertilizer and bait. Agricultural, physical and biological control methods are used to solve pest problems. Do not use any chemical pesticides and herbicides to control pests and diseases; otherwise, it may cause large-scale death of blue crabs. Blue crab pests and diseases are treated according to the occurrence of crab diseases.

[0010] S5. Water quality management and bait placement for blue crabs: The water in rice fields for blue crab farming needs to be fresh and not too turbid. Beneficial microbial preparations should be used to regulate the water quality, and a certain amount of plankton should be added to keep the water fresh.

[0011] Preferably, seawater rice varieties with high salt tolerance need to be planted in rice fields with a salinity of 0.5-0.6%.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the sowing method can be rice seed seedling raising and broadcasting, the time is early March to early April, the specification of blue crab seeds released is preferably 30-50 grams per piece, and 500-600 pieces are released per mu. The blue crab seed seedlings can also be uniformly raised for a period of time before being released into the field.

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, the blue crabs are fed with blue clams and compound feeds at the same time or cross-fed, and are fed evenly along the surrounding grooves.

[0014] Preferably, each rice field should be surrounded by vinyl plastic fencing, about 1 meter high, with the lower part pressed into the bottom of the field close to the edge of the field, and surrounded by bamboo sticks. Anti-climbing film can also be added inside the guardrail to prevent escape.

[0015] The advantages of the present invention are: 1. Introducing sea rice varieties with high salt tolerance to solve the problem that conventional rice cannot be grown in saline-alkali land;

[0016] 2. Combining planting and breeding, three-dimensional breeding, high output value. Blue crabs need a cool environment to rest, and rice fields can be used for shade, and blue crabs can prey on pests;

[0017] 3. Blue crabs are a type of aquatic product that is farmed using desalination technology and require a certain salinity. If blue crabs are farmed together, the output value will be high and the benefits will be good. This will not only solve the problem of comprehensive development and utilization of saline-alkali land and the non-grainization of many acres of existing fish fields, but will also be of great significance to stabilizing grain and improving farming benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the planting method of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the water cycle of the rice-crab symbiosis of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Combined with Figure 1 A method for symbiotic cultivation of seawater rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land, the method comprising the following steps: S1, washing salt from saline-alkali land and reducing salinity: to plant seawater rice fields, the saltwater and freshwater systems must be separated, and a dedicated pipe network must be provided. Saline-alkali land is generally reclaimed land by the sea, and seawater (salinity of 1.1-2.2%) must not be allowed to directly enter the rice fields, and another channel must be provided; the saline-alkali land rice fields must first be washed of salt, specifically by digging wells to obtain water, mechanical irrigation, deep plowing, and soaking in fresh water for 2-3 days and draining once, for 4-5 times in a row, to reduce the salinity to 0.5-0.6%;

[0022] If conditions permit, the structure of the rice field can be optimized, and concrete slope protection can be used on the inner side and top of the field to ensure that there is no water leakage or collapse.

[0023] S2. Digging ditches in rice fields: A circular ditch with a depth of 80-100cm and a width of 120-150cm should be dug around the paddy field to facilitate the blue crabs to swim and feed in the water. A shallow ditch should be dug in the center of the rice field, generally 50cm wide and 30cm deep, to be suitable for machine transplanting and harvesting. The water at the inlet and outlet is a closed loop, that is, the entire water can flow. The middle ditch is slightly shallower to facilitate the blue crabs to crawl and live under the rice.

[0024] S3. Planting rice varieties and releasing mud crabs: Select seawater rice varieties with high salt tolerance, such as Shengxian No. 1 and No. 2, and release mud crab seeds after the seedlings turn green;

[0025] It should be noted that in order to facilitate the staggered time between rice planting and crab harvesting, the crabs should be caught before rice harvesting. The sowing method can be seed seedling broadcasting, the time is early March to early April, the specification of crab seeds is 30-50 grams per piece, 500-600 pieces per mu, and the crab seeds can also be uniformly raised for a period of time before being released into the field;

[0026] S4. Field management of rice and control of pests and diseases: Field management of rice and blue crabs and control of pests and diseases: Rice needs fertilizer to grow, and blue crabs need bait to grow. Rice is generally tilled with organic bio-fertilizer before planting. Organic instant fertilizer or foliar fertilization can be used to solve the problem of rice growth expenses. Blue crabs generally rely on plankton in the field or feed blue clams and blue crabs with special compound feed. You can also use a special feed that can be used as both fertilizer and bait. Agricultural, physical and biological control methods are used to solve pest and disease problems. Do not use any chemical pesticides and herbicides to control pests and diseases; otherwise, it may cause large-scale death of blue crabs. Blue crab diseases and pests are treated according to the occurrence of crab diseases.

[0027] It should be noted that for salt-tolerant rice, the use of medicines should be minimized. When it is really necessary to use medicines to expel or kill insects, care must be taken not to affect the blue crabs. High-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue disinfectants or other fishery drugs should be used regularly to control the quality of the blue crabs.

[0028] S5. Water quality management and bait placement for blue crabs: The water in rice fields for blue crab farming needs to be fresh and not too turbid. Beneficial microbial preparations should be used to regulate the water quality, and a certain amount of plankton should be added to keep the water fresh.

[0029] Among them, in addition to producing yields, rice can also provide a place for blue crabs to move around and live in the shade. The continuous flow of water can increase the amount of active oxygen in the rice fields. The water quality must be kept fresh and there must be a certain amount of plankton. Feeding must be done regularly. Blue clams and compound feeds can be fed at the same time or cross-fed, and fed evenly along the shallow ditches around the edges.

[0030] Seawater rice varieties with high salt tolerance need to be planted in rice fields with a salinity of 0.5-0.6%. The present invention introduces the "Shengxian No. 1" rice variety and successfully plants it.

[0031] Blue crabs are a species that is easy to escape, so escape prevention facilities should be put in place. Each rice field should be surrounded by vinyl plastic fencing, about 1 meter high, with the lower half pressed into the bottom of the field along the edge, and surrounded by bamboo sticks. You can also use anti-climbing film inside the guardrail to prevent escape.

[0032] When the present invention is implemented, the planting method is that the saline-alkali land must be washed first, specifically, wells are dug to obtain water, deep plowing and turning the field, fresh water soaking for 2-3 days and draining once, for 4-5 times in a row, the salinity is reduced to 0.5-0.6%, the salt water and fresh water systems are separated, and seawater (salinity of 1.1-2.2%) water is not allowed to come in, a circular ditch with a depth of 80-100 cm and a width of 120-150 cm is opened around the paddy field, a shallow ditch with a width of 50 cm and a depth of 30 cm is dug in the center of the rice field, and a sea rice variety (Shengxian No. 1) with high salt tolerance is selected, the sea rice is sown first, the time is early March to early April, and after the seedlings turn green, about early May, the blue crab seeds can be put in, the field is surrounded by vinyl plastic, the height is about 1 meter, the lower half is pressed into the bottom of the field close to the edge of the field, the surrounding is surrounded by bamboo sticks, and an anti-climbing film can also be added to the guardrail to prevent escape;

[0033] In daily maintenance, apply a special feed that can be used as both fertilizer and bait, use agricultural, physical and biological control methods to solve pest and disease problems, use beneficial microbial preparations to regulate water quality and keep the water fresh, use blue clams and compound feed to feed at the same time or cross-feed, and feed evenly along the surrounding ditches.

[0034] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for symbiotic cultivation of sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The method for symbiotic cultivation of sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: S1. Washing salt from saline-alkali land and reducing salinity: Planting seawater rice fields requires separating the seawater and freshwater systems and having a dedicated pipe network. Tidal saline-alkali land is generally close to the seashore and has a salinity of 1.1-2.2%. The saline-alkali land rice fields must first be washed out, specifically by digging wells to get water, pumping water for irrigation, deep plowing and turning the fields, soaking in fresh water for 2-3 days and draining once, for 4-5 times in a row, to reduce the salinity to 0.5-0.6%. The salinity of seawater rice cannot be too high, otherwise it cannot adapt, and the salinity of blue crabs cannot be too low, otherwise they will not grow well or even die, so the salinity of paddy fields must grasp a key balance point; S2. Setting up the salinity regulating pool and ditch system at the water inlet of the paddy field: A 50cm*100cm salinity regulating pool for water should be set up at a slightly higher position than the water inlet of the paddy field. Both the fresh water and sea water inlet pipes should be equipped with water volume regulating switches. The outlet pipe should be close to the field surface and also equipped with a switch to adjust the salinity according to the flow ratio of the two types of water. A circular ditch with a depth of 80-100cm and a width of 120-150cm should be dug around the paddy field. A shallow ditch should be dug in the center of the paddy field, generally 50cm wide and 30cm deep. The water at the water inlet and outlet is a U-shaped closed loop, that is, the entire water can flow in the field. The middle ditch is slightly shallow; the large ditch next to it is deep. S3. Planting rice varieties and releasing blue crabs: Select sea rice varieties with high salt tolerance for sowing, such as Shengxian No. 1, No. 2, etc. After the seedlings turn green, release blue crab seeds; the specification should be 30-50 grams per seedling, and 500-600 crabs should be released per mu. S4. Field management and pest control of rice and blue crabs: Rice needs fertilizer to grow, and blue crabs need bait to grow. Generally, rice is tilled with bio-organic fertilizer before planting. Usually, organic quick-dissolving fertilizer or foliar topdressing can be used to solve the fertilizer problem of rice growth. Blue crabs generally rely on plankton in the field or feed blue clams and blue crabs with special compound feeds. You can also use a special feed that can be used as both fertilizer and bait. Agricultural, physical, and biological control methods are used to solve the problem of rice pests and diseases. Do not use any chemical pesticides and herbicides to control pests and diseases; otherwise, it may cause large-scale death of blue crabs. Blue crab pests and diseases are controlled according to the occurrence of crab diseases. S5. Water quality management and bait placement for blue crabs: The water in rice fields for blue crab farming needs to be fresh. If it is too turbid, you should pay attention to changing the water and use beneficial microbial preparations to adjust the water quality. It is necessary to add a certain amount of plankton to keep the water fresh.

2. The method for symbiotic cultivation of sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: Seawater rice varieties with high salt tolerance need to be grown in rice fields with a salinity of 0.5-0.6%.

3. The method for symbiotic cultivation of sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the sowing method can be rice seed seedling broadcasting, the time is early March to early April, the specification of blue crab seeds released is preferably 30-50 grams per piece, and 500-600 pieces are released per mu. If the blue crab seeds are relatively small, they can also be uniformly raised for a period of time before being released into the field.

4. The method for symbiotic cultivation of sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the blue crabs are fed, and blue clams and compound feeds can be fed simultaneously or cross-fed, and are fed evenly along the surrounding ditch feeding platform.

5. The method for symbiotic cultivation of sea rice and blue crabs in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each rice field should be surrounded by vinyl plastic fencing, about 1 meter high, with the lower part pressed into the bottom of the field along the edge, and surrounded by bamboo sticks. You can also use a thick film inside the guardrail to prevent climbing and escape.

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