Bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The preparation method comprises the following steps: collecting and treating raw materials, namely collecting waste plant biomass, livestock excrement and the like, and crushing the collected waste plant biomass for later use; then fermentation is carried out, livestock manure is put into a fermentation bin, a compound microbial agent is added, and fermentation is carried out after fermentation conditions are set; and 2, adding the waste plant biomass crushed in the step 1 into a fermentation bin in batches, carrying out co-fermentation on the waste plant biomass and animal manure after each addition, entering a post-decomposition stage for continuous fermentation after the waste plant biomass is added for the last time, and drying and granulating the fermentation product after the fermentation is completed to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer. According to the technical scheme, waste biomass resources are reasonably combined, a specific fermentation preparation process is set, and the efficient bio-organic fertilizer is obtained; the waste biomass is reasonably utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and more particularly to a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, the demand for fertilizers is increasing. Although traditional chemical fertilizers can quickly provide the nutrients needed by crops, long-term use will lead to soil compaction, decreased fertility, and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of biofertilizers is particularly important.

[0003] Chinese chestnuts have a cultivation history of at least 2,500 years in China, and are distributed throughout the country. Qianxi chestnuts are the most famous and are known as the "Oriental Pearl". "Jingdong is the best place for chestnuts in China, and Qianxi is the best place for chestnuts in Jingdong." Chestnuts are not only the golden signboard of Qianxi, but also an important channel for farmers to increase their income and an important part of ecological construction. They have won many honors for Qianxi and made outstanding contributions to its economic and social development. Qianxi has the most suitable land for chestnut growth. The surface of the mountain is gneiss, which is easily weathered. It has a loose structure, high iron content, slightly acidic reaction, good ventilation and water permeability, and provides excellent conditions for chestnut growth. Qianxi has the most suitable precipitation for chestnut growth. The terrain is on the windward side of the southeast monsoon. The annual precipitation is about 800 mm, and the rainy season is mostly concentrated in July and August. The precipitation cycle just meets the water demand of chestnuts during the rapid growth period. Qianxi has the most suitable temperature for chestnut growth. The temperature difference between day and night is large, and the temperature is high during the day and low at night, which is conducive to photosynthesis and the accumulation of sugar in the fruit. However, during the chestnut planting process, a large amount of waste biomass resources will be generated due to the replacement of trees and the pruning of branches. The traditional crushing and direct return to the field method has a long decomposition cycle and is difficult to meet the supply of rapid fertilizers. Therefore, the utilization of chestnut branch biomass energy needs to be solved urgently. In order to make more full use of branches, the existing technology has crushed them into mushroom sticks, etc., but the reasonable solution of the waste mushroom sticks after use has also become a problem.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a reasonable technical solution to effectively solve the problem of biomass resources such as chestnut branches and discarded mushroom sticks is an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for preparing biological organic fertilizer, which uses discarded chestnut branches, mushroom sticks, etc. combined with livestock manure to carry out fermentation through a specific process to produce high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Raw material collection and processing

[0009] Collect waste plant biomass, livestock manure, etc., and crush the collected waste plant biomass for later use;

[0010] Step 2: Fermentation

[0011] (2.1) Loading livestock manure into a fermentation bin, adding a composite microbial agent, setting fermentation conditions, and then fermenting;

[0012] (2.2) adding the crushed waste plant biomass from step 1 to the fermentation bin in batches, and fermenting it with livestock manure after each addition;

[0013] (2.3) After the last addition of waste plant biomass, the fermentation continues in the post-maturity stage. After the fermentation is completed, the fermentation product is dried and granulated to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the waste plant biomass in step one is one or more of chestnut branches, waste mushroom sticks, and sawdust powder, and the crushed particle size is 0.2-0.4 mm; and the livestock manure is chicken manure.

[0015] Preferably, the composite microbial agent in step (2.1) is a mixture of EM bacteria and CM bacteria, the weight ratio of the two is 1:1, and the addition amount of the composite microbial agent is 0.1-0.5% of the weight of the livestock manure.

[0016] Preferably, the fermentation conditions in step (2.1) are as follows: humidity 50-60%, stacking thickness 1.2-2 m, pH = 6.3-6.6, temperature 55-65° C., and stirring every 4 hours.

[0017] Preferably, the batch adding in step (2.2) is specifically as follows: waste plant biomass is added to the fermentation chamber every day during the fermentation process, and each time the waste plant biomass added is 3%-5% of the total weight of the livestock manure, and the addition is continued for 10 days, that is, the total amount of waste plant biomass added is 30%-50% of the total weight of the livestock manure.

[0018] Preferably, the post-fermentation conditions of step (2.3) are as follows: humidity 50-60%, stacking thickness 1.2-2 m, pH = 6.3-6.6, temperature 55-65°C, and stirring every 4 hours, and fermentation is terminated after continuous fermentation for 10 days.

[0019] Preferably, before drying and granulation in step (2.3), a functional microbial agent is added to the fermented product, and the added amount is 0.1%-0.3% of the total weight of the fermented product.

[0020] Furthermore, the functional microbial agent is one or more of rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Trichoderma harzianum.

[0021] Preferably, the drying and granulation temperature in step (2.3) is 70-80°C, and the granulation particle size is 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0022] In addition, the present invention also provides a biological organic fertilizer prepared by the method described in the above technical solution.

[0023] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] By rationally combining waste biomass with livestock manure and setting up a reasonable fermentation preparation process, high-efficiency biological organic fertilizer is obtained; and the waste biomass is rationally utilized, which not only effectively utilizes resources, but also protects the environment and effectively reduces the use of chemical fertilizers. The raw materials are easily available, the preparation method is simple, and the cost is low. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The preparation method of biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Raw material collection and processing

[0029] Collect discarded chestnut branches, mushroom sticks, sawdust powder, and chicken manure, and crush the collected chestnut branches and mushroom sticks to a particle size of 0.2 mm for later use;

[0030] Step 2: Fermentation

[0031] (2.1) Chicken manure was loaded into a fermentation bin, and a composite microbial agent with a weight ratio of EM bacteria to CM bacteria = 1:1 was added, and the addition amount was 0.1% of the weight of the chicken manure. The fermentation conditions were set as follows: humidity 50%, stacking thickness 1.2m, pH = 6.3, temperature 55°C, and stirring was performed every 4 hours;

[0032] Among them, humidity regulation mainly controls moisture, which can be controlled by low-temperature drying and adding water; stacking thickness is the loading volume, and controlling stacking thickness and timely stirring are conducive to the smooth progress of aerobic fermentation; pH will affect microbial activity, and excessive acidity or alkalinity will affect the fermentation. pH control can be adjusted by adding regulators such as lime; temperature is the main condition affecting the smooth progress of fermentation, and controlling temperature can ensure a reasonable fermentation rate.

[0033] (2.2) adding the crushed chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder in step 1 to the fermentation bin in batches, i.e., adding waste plant biomass to the fermentation bin every day during the fermentation process, and each time adding waste plant biomass is 3% of the total weight of livestock manure, and adding for 10 consecutive days, i.e., the total amount of waste plant biomass added is 30% of the total weight of livestock manure, and each time adding is fermented with chicken manure under the original fermentation conditions;

[0034] (2.3) After the last addition of chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder, the fermentation continued in the post-maturity stage. The fermentation conditions were as follows: humidity 50%, stacking thickness 1.2m, pH=6.3, temperature 55°C, and stirring every 4h. The fermentation was terminated after 10 days of continuous fermentation. After the fermentation was completed, the fermentation product was dried and granulated at 70°C, and the particle size was 0.3mm, thus obtaining a biological organic fertilizer.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] The preparation method of biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Raw material collection and processing

[0038] Collect discarded chestnut branches, mushroom sticks, sawdust powder, and chicken manure, and crush the collected chestnut branches and mushroom sticks to a particle size of 0.3 mm for later use;

[0039] Step 2: Fermentation

[0040] (2.1) Chicken manure was loaded into a fermentation bin, and a composite microbial agent with a weight ratio of EM bacteria to CM bacteria = 1:1 was added, and the addition amount was 0.3% of the weight of the chicken manure. The fermentation conditions were set as follows: humidity 55%, stacking thickness 1.6m, pH = 6.5, temperature 60°C, and stirring was performed every 4 hours;

[0041] (2.2) adding the chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder crushed in step 1 to the fermentation bin in batches, i.e., adding waste plant biomass to the fermentation bin every day during the fermentation process, and each time adding waste plant biomass is 4% of the total weight of livestock manure, and adding continuously for 10 days, i.e., the total amount of waste plant biomass added is 40% of the total weight of livestock manure, and each time adding is fermented together with chicken manure under the original fermentation conditions;

[0042] (2.3) After the last addition of chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder, the fermentation continued in the post-maturity stage. The fermentation conditions were as follows: humidity 55%, stacking thickness 1.6m, pH = 6.5, temperature 60°C, and stirring every 4 hours. The fermentation was terminated after 10 days of continuous fermentation. After the fermentation was completed, the fermentation product was dried and granulated at 75°C, and the particle size was 0.4mm, thus obtaining a biological organic fertilizer.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The preparation method of biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Raw material collection and processing

[0046] Collect discarded chestnut branches, mushroom sticks, sawdust powder, and chicken manure, and crush the collected chestnut branches and mushroom sticks to a particle size of 0.4 mm for later use;

[0047] Step 2: Fermentation

[0048] (2.1) Load chicken manure into a fermentation bin, add a composite microbial agent with a weight ratio of EM bacteria to CM bacteria = 1:1, and the addition amount is 0.5% of the weight of the chicken manure. Set the fermentation conditions: humidity 60%, stacking thickness 1.2m, pH = 6.6, temperature 65°C, and stir every 4 hours;

[0049] (2.2) adding the crushed chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder in step 1 to the fermentation bin in batches, i.e., adding waste plant biomass to the fermentation bin every day during the fermentation process, and each time adding waste plant biomass is 5% of the total weight of livestock manure, and adding continuously for 10 days, i.e., the total amount of waste plant biomass added is 50% of the total weight of livestock manure, and each time adding is fermented together with chicken manure under the original fermentation conditions;

[0050] (2.3) After the last addition of chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder, the fermentation continued in the post-maturity stage. The fermentation conditions were as follows: humidity 60%, stacking thickness 1.2m, pH=6.6, temperature 65°C, and stirring every 4 hours. The fermentation was terminated after 10 days of continuous fermentation. After the fermentation was completed, the fermentation product was dried and granulated at 80°C, and the particle size was 0.5mm, thus obtaining biological organic fertilizer.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] The difference from Example 2 is that:

[0053] (2.3) After the last addition of chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder, the fermentation continued in the post-maturity stage. The fermentation conditions were as follows: humidity 55%, stacking thickness 1.6m, pH=6.5, temperature 60°C, and stirring every 4 hours. The fermentation was terminated after 10 days of continuous fermentation. After the fermentation was completed, 0.2% of the total weight of rhizobium agent was added to the fermentation product, mixed evenly and dried at 75°C for granulation. The particle size was 0.4mm, and the biological organic fertilizer was obtained.

[0054] Example 5

[0055] The difference from Example 2 is that:

[0056] (2.3) After the last addition of chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder, the fermentation continued in the post-maturity stage. The fermentation conditions were as follows: humidity 55%, stacking thickness 1.6m, pH=6.5, temperature 60°C, and stirring every 4 hours. The fermentation was terminated after 10 days of continuous fermentation. After the fermentation was completed, 0.2% of the total weight of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was added to the fermentation product, mixed evenly and dried at 75°C for granulation. The particle size was 0.4mm, and the biological organic fertilizer was obtained.

[0057] Example 6

[0058] The difference from Example 2 is that:

[0059] (2.3) After the last addition of chestnut branches, mushroom sticks and sawdust powder, the fermentation continued in the post-composting stage. The fermentation conditions were as follows: humidity 55%, stacking thickness 1.6m, pH=6.5, temperature 60°C, and stirring every 4 hours. The fermentation was terminated after 10 days of continuous fermentation. After the fermentation was completed, 0.3% of the total weight of growth-promoting bacteria was added to the fermentation product, mixed evenly and dried at 75°C for granulation. The particle size was 0.4mm, and the biological organic fertilizer was obtained.

[0060] The above-mentioned embodiments can be applied to specific production, which makes reasonable and full use of biomass, effectively protects the environment, and meets the needs of energy conservation, emission reduction and green development.

[0061] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0062] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Raw material collection and processing Collect waste plant biomass, livestock manure, etc., and crush the collected waste plant biomass for later use; Step 2: Fermentation (2.1) Loading livestock manure into a fermentation bin, adding a composite microbial agent, setting fermentation conditions, and then fermenting; (2.2) adding the crushed waste plant biomass from step 1 to the fermentation bin in batches, and fermenting it with livestock manure after each addition; (2.3) After the last addition of waste plant biomass, the fermentation continues in the post-maturity stage. After the fermentation is completed, the fermentation product is dried and granulated to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The waste plant biomass in step 1 is one or more of chestnut branches, waste mushroom sticks, and sawdust powder, and the crushed particle size is 0.2-0.4 mm; the livestock manure is chicken manure.

3. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite microbial agent in step (2.1) is a mixture of EM bacteria and CM bacteria, the weight ratio of the two is 1:1, and the addition amount of the composite microbial agent is 0.1-0.5% of the weight of the livestock manure.

4. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The fermentation conditions in step (2.1) are specifically as follows: humidity 50-60%, stacking thickness 1.2-2 m, pH=6.3-6.6, temperature 55-65° C., and stirring every 4 hours.

5. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The batch addition described in step (2.2) is specifically as follows: waste plant biomass is added to the fermentation chamber every day during the fermentation process, and each time the waste plant biomass added is 3%-5% of the total weight of the livestock manure, and the addition is continued for 10 days, that is, the total amount of waste plant biomass added is 30%-50% of the total weight of the livestock manure.

6. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The post-fermentation conditions of step (2.3) are as follows: humidity 50-60%, stacking thickness 1.2-2m, pH=6.3-6.6, temperature 55-65°C, and stirring every 4h, and fermentation is terminated after continuous fermentation for 10d.

7. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein In step (2.3), before drying and granulation, a functional microbial agent is added to the fermented product in an amount of 0.1% to 0.3% of the total weight of the fermented product.

8. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The functional microbial agent is one or more of rhizobium agents, nitrogen-fixing bacteria agents, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria agents, photosynthetic bacteria agents, growth-promoting bacteria agents, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Trichoderma harzianum.

9. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The drying and granulation temperature in step (2.3) is 70-80°C, and the granulation particle size is 0.3-0.5 mm.

10. A biological organic fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.