Preparation method of plant extract

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction, in particular to a preparation method of a plant extract, which comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing a plant raw material and water in a transparent container, cleaning based on preset cleaning times and preset standing time to obtain a target raw material, wherein the clarity of the upper-layer solution and the precipitation speed of the plant raw materials are determined based on a plurality of detection time points, and the standing time or the stirring speed of single-time cleaning of the plant raw materials and the preset cleaning frequency are adjusted according to the clarity and the precipitation speed of the upper-layer solution; drying and crushing the target raw material to obtain target powder; mixing the target powder with water to form a mixed solution, and boiling to obtain a target stock solution; grinding the target stock solution, adding diatomite, and carrying out pressure filtration to obtain a filter cake and a filtrate; determining the mass of diatomite according to the volume of the grinding liquid, and determining the thickness of a filter cake in the filter pressing process to dynamically adjust the filter pressing pressure; and carrying out ultrafiltration concentration, sterilization and spray drying on the filtrate to obtain a polysaccharide product. According to the method, the yield of the polysaccharide product is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction, and in particular to a method for preparing a plant extract. Background Art

[0002] Plant polysaccharides are natural high molecular weight compounds that have many significant benefits for the human body, including but not limited to immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-oxidation, and lipid-lowering biological activities. These effects make plant polysaccharides have broad application prospects in the fields of food, health products, and medicine.

[0003] At present, there are mainly the following methods for extracting plant polysaccharides: (1) hot water extraction, which uses a water system to penetrate plant tissues and has high extraction efficiency; (2) alkali extraction, which uses the destructive effect of alkali on cell walls to facilitate the leaching of acidic polysaccharides. (3) enzymatic extraction, which uses a combination of enzyme and hot water extraction to extract polysaccharides; (4) microwave-assisted extraction, which effectively improves the yield of active ingredients; (5) ultrasonic extraction, which uses the cavitation effect generated by ultrasound to destroy the cell membrane, which is conducive to the release of plant active ingredients.

[0004] Chinese patent publication number: CN115010824B, discloses a preparation method of kelp polysaccharide extract, comprising crushing kelp and alkali washing to obtain kelp residue II, fully stirring the kelp residue II with deionized water and hydrogen peroxide and then subjecting the mixture to microwave oxidation to obtain kelp polysaccharide primary extract, inoculating probiotics in a liquid fermentation medium containing the kelp polysaccharide primary extract and fermenting to obtain kelp polysaccharide fermentation crude product, and subjecting the kelp polysaccharide fermentation crude product to protease hydrolysis, purification and separation to obtain kelp polysaccharide extract with a molecular weight of 2000 to 20000Da.

[0005] It can be seen that the above technical solution reacts under relatively mild temperature and pH conditions, which avoids the destruction of fucoidan to the greatest extent and significantly improves the yield and purity of kelp polysaccharides. However, the above technical solution still has the following problems: it ignores the problem of impurities in kelp and does not wash the kelp multiple times, which affects the yield of polysaccharides. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a method for preparing a plant extract, which is used to overcome the problem in the prior art that during the polysaccharide extraction process of plant raw materials, the plant raw materials are not washed multiple times, thereby affecting the polysaccharide yield.

[0007] To achieve the above object, on the one hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing a plant extract, comprising: Step S1, stirring and mixing the plant raw material and water in a transparent container in a volume ratio of 1 part:10 parts to 15 parts, washing based on a preset number of washing times and a preset standing time, and draining the water to obtain the target raw material; Wherein, during the cleaning process, the clarity of the upper solution in the transparent container and the sedimentation rate of the plant material are determined based on several detection time points, and the standing time or stirring speed of the plant material for a single cleaning is adjusted according to the clarity of the upper solution and the sedimentation rate, and the preset number of cleaning times is adjusted; Step S2, drying the target raw material based on a preset drying time and a preset drying temperature, and crushing to obtain a target powder; Step S3, placing the target powder into an ethanol solution, allowing the polysaccharide to settle after standing and centrifugation, and obtaining a supernatant and a polysaccharide precipitate; In the precipitation process, several centrifugation operations are performed, and the polysaccharide content in the supernatant is detected after the several centrifugation operations, and the polysaccharide content is compared with a preset polysaccharide content threshold, and the timing of complete polysaccharide precipitation is identified according to the comparison result, and the supernatant and the polysaccharide precipitate are obtained at the timing of complete polysaccharide precipitation; Step S4, mixing the dried polysaccharide precipitate with water in a volume ratio of 1 part:15 parts to 20 parts to form a mixed solution, and boiling the mixture at 65° C. to 75° C. for 4 hours to 6 hours to obtain a target stock solution; Step S5, grinding the target stock solution to obtain a grinding liquid, adding diatomaceous earth to the grinding liquid, and filtering by filter press to obtain a filter cake and a filtrate; The mass of the diatomaceous earth is determined according to the volume of the grinding liquid, the thickness of the filter cake is measured during the filter pressing process, and the filter pressing pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the thickness of the filter cake; Step S6, ultrafiltration concentration, sterilization, and spray drying of the filtrate to obtain a polysaccharide product.

[0008] Furthermore, the sedimentation layer height data of the plant material in the transparent container is measured at the several detection time points, and the sedimentation speed of the plant material is determined according to the sedimentation layer height data.

[0009] Furthermore, during a single cleaning process, if the clarity of the upper solution is lower than a preset clarity or the precipitation rate is lower than a preset precipitation rate, the standing time is increased or the stirring speed is increased.

[0010] Furthermore, during a single cleaning process, if the sedimentation speed is greater than a preset sedimentation speed, the stirring speed is reduced.

[0011] Furthermore, the initial contamination degree of the plant raw material is determined according to the quality of the impurities and the quality of the raw material after the initial cleaning, and the preset number of cleaning times is determined according to the initial contamination degree.

[0012] Further, determining a preset number of cleaning times according to the initial contamination degree includes: If the initial contamination level is lower than the first contamination value, washing the plant material according to the first number of washing times; If the initial contamination degree is greater than the first contamination value and less than the second contamination value, washing the plant material according to the second washing number; If the initial contamination degree is greater than the second contamination value, the plant material is cleaned according to a third cleaning number.

[0013] Furthermore, during the cleaning process, if the clarity of the upper solution after a preset number of cleanings is less than a preset clarity and the sedimentation rate is greater than or equal to a preset sedimentation rate, the preset number of cleanings is increased.

[0014] Further, determining the dynamic filtration pressure according to the filter cake thickness comprises: If the filter cake thickness is less than the preset filter cake thickness, reducing the filter pressing pressure; If the filter cake thickness is greater than the preset filter cake thickness, the filter press pressure is increased.

[0015] Further, adjusting the volume of water in the mixed solution according to the polysaccharide yield of the polysaccharide product comprises: If the polysaccharide yield is lower than the preset yield, the volume of water is reduced.

[0016] Furthermore, the plant raw materials are composed of seaweed, white fungus and shiitake mushrooms, which are calculated by weight as follows: 8 to 22 parts of seaweed, 8 to 12 parts of white fungus, and 8 to 12 parts of shiitake mushrooms.

[0017] Furthermore, the plant polysaccharide composition extract can be used in anti-inflammatory treatment of osteoarthritis, gastroenteritis and other inflammatory diseases.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that, during the process of washing plant raw materials and water, the present invention dynamically adjusts the washing conditions based on the clarity of the upper solution and the sedimentation rate, and at the same time, the washed and dried plant raw materials are crushed, boiled, ground, and filtered, and diatomaceous earth is used to assist the filtration and the filtration pressure is dynamically adjusted, thereby effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides, while ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide products.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention adjusts the cleaning parameters during the cleaning process, including the stirring speed and the standing time, by detecting the clarity and the sedimentation rate of the upper solution in the transparent container during the cleaning process, thereby ensuring the cleaning quality, improving the cleaning efficiency, and further reducing impurities in the plant raw materials, thereby effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of the plant polysaccharides, while ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide products.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention determines the initial contamination degree of the plant raw material based on the quality of impurities and the quality of the raw material after the initial cleaning, and determines the cleaning coefficient based on the initial contamination degree, thereby ensuring the cleanliness of the plant raw material while avoiding waste of the plant raw material, further effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides, and ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide products.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention determines the filter cake thickness during the filtration process and dynamically adjusts the filtration pressure according to the filter cake thickness, which can promote the separation of polysaccharides and filter cakes, thereby further improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides while ensuring the safety and stability of polysaccharide products.

[0022] Furthermore, the present invention adjusts the volume of water in the mixed solution according to the polysaccharide yield of the polysaccharide product to avoid polysaccharide dilution caused by excessive water mass, thereby further effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides while ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the preparation method of the plant extract and its application; Figure 2 A flow chart of adjusting cleaning parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flow chart for determining a preset number of cleaning times for the present invention; Figure 4 A flow chart for determining dynamic filter press pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a bar graph of IL-6 content in the cell supernatant in each experimental group of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a bar graph of TNF-α content in the cell supernatant in each experimental group of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] See also Figure 1 As shown, it is a flow chart of the preparation method of the plant extract of the present invention. Specifically, the present invention provides a preparation method of the plant extract, comprising: Step S1, stirring and mixing the plant raw material and water in a transparent container in a volume ratio of 1 part:10 parts to 15 parts, washing based on a preset number of washing times and a preset standing time, and draining the water to obtain the target raw material; Wherein, during the cleaning process, the clarity of the upper solution in the transparent container and the sedimentation rate of the plant material are determined based on several detection time points, and the standing time or stirring speed of the plant material for a single cleaning is adjusted according to the clarity of the upper solution and the sedimentation rate, and the preset number of cleaning times is adjusted; Step S2, drying the target raw material based on a preset drying time and a preset drying temperature, and crushing to obtain a target powder; Step S3, placing the target powder into an ethanol solution, allowing the polysaccharide to settle after standing and centrifugation, and obtaining a supernatant and a polysaccharide precipitate; In the precipitation process, several centrifugation operations are performed, and the polysaccharide content in the supernatant is detected after the several centrifugation operations, and the polysaccharide content is compared with a preset polysaccharide content threshold, and the timing of complete polysaccharide precipitation is identified according to the comparison result, and the supernatant and the polysaccharide precipitate are obtained at the timing of complete polysaccharide precipitation; Step S4, mixing the dried polysaccharide precipitate with water in a volume ratio of 1 part:15 parts to 20 parts to form a mixed solution, and boiling the mixture at 65° C. to 75° C. for 4 hours to 6 hours to obtain a target stock solution; Step S5, grinding the target stock solution to obtain a grinding liquid, adding diatomaceous earth to the grinding liquid, and filtering by filter press to obtain a filter cake and a filtrate; The mass of the diatomaceous earth is determined according to the volume of the grinding liquid, the thickness of the filter cake is measured during the filter pressing process, and the filter pressing pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the thickness of the filter cake; Step S6, ultrafiltration concentration, sterilization, and spray drying are performed on the filtrate to obtain a polysaccharide product.

[0029] Specifically, if the polysaccharide content is less than or equal to the preset polysaccharide content threshold, then this is the time when the polysaccharide precipitation is complete, and the centrifuged solution is separated to obtain the supernatant and the polysaccharide precipitate.

[0030] Specifically, the plant raw materials are composed of seaweed, white fungus and shiitake mushrooms, which are calculated by weight as follows: 8 to 22 parts of seaweed, 8 to 12 parts of white fungus, and 8 to 12 parts of shiitake mushrooms.

[0031] It is understandable that the cleaning effect of the plant raw material can be ensured by dynamically adjusting the preset number of cleaning times, standing time, and stirring speed, thereby avoiding excessive cleaning and causing raw material loss. At the same time, after drying and crushing into the target powder, the target powder is mixed with water and boiled to ensure that the effective ingredients such as polysaccharides are dissolved to form the target stock solution. The target stock solution is subsequently filtered. During the filtration process, the filtration pressure is dynamically adjusted by monitoring the thickness of the filter cake to ensure the filtration efficiency and filtrate quality. Finally, the polysaccharide product is obtained by ultrafiltration concentration, sterilization, and spray drying.

[0032] In implementation, the plants in this technical solution include familiar organisms such as trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, ferns, algae and fungi.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, preferably, the seaweed is green algae and brown algae, and the weight ratio of green algae to brown algae is 2:1 to 1:2. The composition of the seaweed is not specifically limited and can be adjusted according to actual conditions. For example, the green algae can be replaced by one or more of Ulva, Enteromorpha, and Chlorella, and the brown algae can be replaced by one or more of Fucus, Laminaria, Undaria, and Carrageenan. No specific limitation is made here and will not be repeated.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, preferably, the plant raw material is calculated by weight, including 10 parts of seaweed, 10 parts of white fungus, and 10 parts of shiitake mushrooms. In another specific embodiment, preferably, the plant raw material is calculated by weight, including 20 parts of seaweed, 10 parts of white fungus, and 10 parts of shiitake mushrooms. In implementation, the weight of each raw material in the plant raw material can be determined according to actual conditions, which is not specifically limited here and will not be repeated.

[0035] In implementation, the plant material and water are stirred and mixed in a transparent container in a volume ratio of 1 part:10 parts to 15 parts. Preferably, the plant material and water are stirred and mixed in a volume ratio of 1 part:13 parts. The preset standing time for a single cleaning ranges from 8s to 15s. Preferably, the preset standing time for a single cleaning ranges from 12s. The value ranges of the several detection time points are 3s to 5s. Preferably, the value range of the several detection time points is 4s. The value range of the preset drying time is 7h to 9h. Preferably, the value range of the preset drying time is 8h. The value range of the preset drying temperature is 68°C to 72°C. Preferably, the value of the preset drying temperature is 70°C. The target powder and water are mixed in a volume ratio of 1 part: 15 parts to 20 parts to form a mixed solution, and the mixture is boiled at 65°C to 75°C for 4h to 6h to obtain the target stock solution. Preferably, the target powder and water are mixed in a volume ratio of 1 part: 16 parts to form a mixed solution, and the mixture is boiled at 70°C for 5h to obtain the target stock solution. The filter press pressure ranges from 0.6MPa to 1.2MPa, and preferably, the filter press pressure is 0.8MPa. No further details are given here.

[0036] In implementation, several centrifugal operations are performed, the number of centrifugal operations ranges from 3 to 6 times, preferably, the number of centrifugal operations is 5 times, and the value of the preset polysaccharide content threshold is 95% to 100% of the weight of polysaccharides in the plant raw material used, preferably, the preset polysaccharide content threshold is 98% of the weight of polysaccharides in the plant raw material used. The value of the preset polysaccharide content threshold can be determined based on the quality of algae in the plant raw material used and the polysaccharide content in the algae, which is not specifically limited here and will not be repeated.

[0037] It is understood that, in the polysaccharide extraction process, diatomaceous earth is added to the grinding liquid as a filter aid to improve the filtering effect, and the diatomaceous earth and the grinding liquid will form a filter cake layer during the filter pressing process. During the extraction process, the mass of the diatomaceous earth is determined according to the volume of the grinding liquid, and the thickness of the filter cake is determined during the filter pressing process. In practice, the ratio between the diatomaceous earth and the grinding liquid can be determined according to several experiments, and then the mass of the diatomaceous earth is determined, and the thickness of the filter cake can be obtained by measurement.

[0038] In implementation, a measuring tool such as a caliper or a micrometer may be used to measure the thickness of the filter cake. In implementation, the method for measuring the thickness of the filter cake may be determined according to actual conditions, and is not specifically limited here and will not be described in detail.

[0039] In the process of washing plant raw materials and water, the present invention dynamically adjusts the washing conditions based on the clarity of the upper solution and the precipitation rate, and at the same time, the washed and dried plant raw materials are crushed, boiled, ground, and filtered, and diatomaceous earth is used to assist the filtration and the filtration pressure is dynamically adjusted, thereby effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides, while ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide products.

[0040] Specifically, the sedimentation layer height data of the plant material in the transparent container is measured at the several detection time points, and the sedimentation speed of the plant material is determined according to the sedimentation layer height data.

[0041] It can be understood that the sedimentation layer is the algae material in the plant material, and the upper solution is impurities.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the clear interface reference line between the sediment layer and the liquid is found by observing from the side of the transparent container, and the height data of the sediment layer is measured vertically downward from the clear interface reference line to the bottom of the transparent container, and the height data of each measurement is recorded. The sedimentation rate of the plant material at the detection time point is The height of the sediment layer at the detection time point and the The difference between the sedimentation layer height at the first detection time point and the The detection time point and The method of measuring the height data of the sedimentation layer and the sedimentation rate of the plant raw material can be determined according to the actual situation in practice, which is not specifically limited here and will not be elaborated herein.

[0043] See also Figure 2 As shown, it is a flow chart of adjusting cleaning parameters in an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, in a single cleaning process, if the clarity of the upper solution is lower than the preset clarity or the sedimentation rate is lower than the preset sedimentation rate, the standing time is increased or the stirring speed is increased.

[0044] Specifically, during a single cleaning process, if the sedimentation speed is greater than a preset sedimentation speed, the stirring speed is reduced.

[0045] It is understandable that during the cleaning and standing process, if the standing time is short or the stirring speed is low, the impurities and algae raw materials cannot be effectively separated, which will reduce the cleaning efficiency. At the same time, if the stirring speed is too high, the separation effect of impurities and algae raw materials will also be very poor. Therefore, the standing time or stirring speed is adjusted according to the clarity of the upper solution and the sedimentation speed.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the clarity of the upper solution can be evaluated by measuring the amount and size of suspended matter in the cleaning solution in the transparent container. The optical principle can be used to reflect the amount and size of suspended matter in the upper solution by measuring the intensity of transmitted light.

[0047] In implementation, the preset clarity can be determined based on the average value of the amount of suspended matter in the final upper solution after multiple washings in several experiments, which is not specifically limited here and will not be repeated. The preset sedimentation rate ranges from 0.2cm / s to 0.4cm / s, and preferably, the preset sedimentation rate is 0.3cm / s. The increase in the standing time ranges from 3s to 5s, and preferably, the increase in the standing time is 4s. The increase / decrease in the stirring speed ranges from 10r / min to 20r / min, and preferably, the increase / decrease in the stirring speed is 15r / min, which will not be repeated here.

[0048] The present invention adjusts the cleaning parameters in the cleaning process, including the stirring speed and the standing time, by detecting the clarity and the sedimentation speed of the upper solution in the transparent container during the cleaning process, so as to ensure the cleaning quality, improve the cleaning efficiency, and further reduce the impurities in the plant raw materials, thereby effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of the plant polysaccharides, and at the same time ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide products.

[0049] See also Figure 3 Specifically, the initial contamination degree of the plant raw material is determined according to the impurity quality and the raw material quality after the initial cleaning, and the preset cleaning times are determined according to the initial contamination degree.

[0050] It can be understood that the initial contamination degree is used to measure the cleanliness (impurity-free degree) of the algae raw material in the plant raw material, the raw material quality is the raw material quality of the algae raw material in the plant raw material, and the sum of the impurity quality and the raw material quality is the plant raw material quality.

[0051] The initial contamination degree is the ratio of the weight of impurities to the weight of plant raw materials.

[0052] Specifically, the preset number of cleaning times is determined according to the initial contamination degree, including: If the initial contamination level is lower than the first contamination value, washing the plant material according to the first number of washing times; If the initial contamination degree is greater than the first contamination value and less than the second contamination value, washing the plant material according to the second washing number; If the initial contamination degree is greater than the second contamination value, the plant material is cleaned according to a third cleaning number.

[0053] In implementation, the value range of the first contamination value is 2% to 5%, preferably, the value of the first contamination value is 3%. The value range of the second contamination value is 6% to 10%, preferably, the value of the second contamination value is 8%. The value range of the first cleaning times is 1 to 3 times, preferably, the value of the first cleaning times is 2 times. The value range of the second cleaning times is 3 to 5 times, preferably, the value of the second cleaning times is 4 times. The value range of the third cleaning times is 4 to 7 times, preferably, the value of the third cleaning times is 6 times.

[0054] The present invention determines the initial contamination degree of the plant raw material according to the impurity mass and the raw material mass after the initial cleaning, and determines the cleaning coefficient according to the initial contamination degree, thereby ensuring the cleanliness of the plant raw material and avoiding waste of the plant raw material, further effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of the plant polysaccharides, and ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide products.

[0055] Specifically, during the cleaning process, if the clarity of the upper solution after the preset number of cleanings is less than the preset clarity and the sedimentation rate is greater than or equal to the preset sedimentation rate, the preset number of cleanings is increased.

[0056] It is understandable that during the cleaning process, if the clarity of the upper solution after the preset number of cleanings is less than the preset clarity and the sedimentation rate is greater than or equal to the preset sedimentation rate, it means that there are too many impurities in the plant material, and the preset number of cleanings is increased.

[0057] In implementation, the value range of the increase in the preset number of cleaning times is 1 to 3 times, and preferably, the value of the increase in the preset number of cleaning times is 2 times.

[0058] See also Figure 4 As shown, it is a flow chart of determining the dynamic filter pressing pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, determining the dynamic filter pressing pressure according to the filter cake thickness includes: If the filter cake thickness is less than the preset filter cake thickness, reducing the filter pressing pressure; If the filter cake thickness is greater than the preset filter cake thickness, the filter press pressure is increased.

[0059] It is understandable that if the filtration pressure is too high and the filter cake thickness decreases, the filter cake structure will be too dense, reducing the permeability of the filtrate and affecting the polysaccharide extraction effect. At the same time, if the filtration pressure is too low, the polysaccharide will not be completely extracted, so the filtration pressure should be increased.

[0060] In implementation, the preset filter cake thickness ranges from 5 mm to 10 mm, preferably, the preset filter cake thickness is 7 mm. The preset filter cake thickness can be determined based on multiple factors such as the polysaccharide content of the plant raw material and the type of the plant raw material, and is not specifically limited here. As long as the polysaccharide yield under the preset filter cake thickness is high, it will not be repeated here. The increase and decrease values ​​of the filter pressure can be determined based on the filter cake thickness and the filtrate quality, and are not specifically limited here and will not be repeated here.

[0061] The present invention determines the filter cake thickness during the filtration process and dynamically adjusts the filtration pressure according to the filter cake thickness, which can promote the separation of polysaccharides and filter cakes, thereby further improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides, while ensuring the safety and stability of polysaccharide products.

[0062] Specifically, adjusting the volume of water in the mixed solution according to the polysaccharide yield of the polysaccharide product comprises: If the polysaccharide yield is lower than the preset yield, the volume of water is reduced.

[0063] It is understandable that if the polysaccharide yield is low, there may be too much water in the mixed solution, which further dilutes the polysaccharides in the plant raw materials, resulting in a lower polysaccharide yield. Therefore, if the polysaccharide yield is lower than the preset yield, the volume of water is reduced.

[0064] The polysaccharide yield is the ratio of the weight of the polysaccharide product to the weight of the plant raw material.

[0065] In implementation, the preset yield is in the range of 15% to 25%, preferably, the preset yield is 22%. The reduction in the volume fraction of water is 2 to 4 parts, preferably, the reduction in the volume fraction of water in the mixed solution is 3 parts. The preset yield and the volume fraction of water in the mixed solution can be adjusted according to actual conditions, which will not be described in detail here.

[0066] The present invention adjusts the volume of water in the mixed solution according to the polysaccharide yield of the polysaccharide product to avoid polysaccharide dilution caused by excessive water mass, thereby further effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides and ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide product.

[0067] Specifically, the plant polysaccharide composition extract can be used in anti-inflammatory treatment of osteoarthritis, gastroenteritis and other inflammatory conditions.

[0068] It can be understood that, through the preparation method of the plant extract of the present invention, a plant polysaccharide extract having an anti-inflammatory effect equivalent to that of celecoxib can be obtained. The plant extract of the present invention has a significant anti-inflammatory effect and can be used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and gastroenteritis.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] The polysaccharide extraction preparation process is as follows: the plant raw materials are: 10 parts of seaweed, 10 parts of white fungus, and 10 parts of shiitake mushrooms. Seaweed includes green algae and brown algae, and the ratio of green algae to brown algae is 2:1. The plant raw materials are mixed and washed with 13 times the volume of water. Depending on the state of the material, the preset number of washing times is set to 4 times, the stirring speed is 60r / min, and the standing time is 12s. After repeated water washing to reach the preset number of washing times and draining the water to obtain the target raw material, the target raw material is then placed in an oven and dried continuously at 70°C for 8 hours, and the dried material is crushed with a coarse grinder to obtain the target powder. 16 times the volume of water was added to the target powder to form a mixed solution, and the target stock solution was obtained by boiling the material at 70°C for 5 hours; the target stock solution was ground with a low-temperature colloid to obtain a grinding liquid, and an appropriate amount of diatomaceous earth was added to the grinding liquid. The filtrate was obtained after plate and frame filtration (filter pressure 0.8MPa), and the filtrate was passed through a 5000Da ultrafiltration membrane and concentrated until the liquid flowed out of the outlet in a droplet state; at the same time, the collected filtered filtrate was sterilized in an instantaneous sterilizer and then spray-dried to obtain a polysaccharide product, the inlet air temperature was 185°C, the outlet air temperature was 85°C, and the yield of the polysaccharide product was 24.25%.

[0071] Table 1: Experimental parameters and results of Examples 1 to 11

[0072] From the results of Example 1 to Example 11, it can be seen that too many or too few times of washing the plant raw material, too fast or too slow stirring speed during the washing process, the length of the standing time during the washing process, the volume ratio of the target powder to water, and the size of the filter press pressure after mixing with diatomaceous earth will affect the yield of the polysaccharide product of the plant raw material. Too many washing times are likely to cause the loss of algae raw materials in the plant raw material, too few washing times are likely to retain impurities, and the stirring speed is too fast or too slow, and the algae raw material and impurities are not easy to separate. Furthermore, if the standing time after stirring is too long, it is easy to cause the separated impurities and algae raw materials to remix, and if the standing time is too short, it will cause the loss of algae raw materials floating in the upper solution. At the same time, too much water will also dilute the target powder and reduce the yield of the polysaccharide product. If the filter press pressure is too large, the thickness of the filter cake will be reduced, the filter cake structure will be too dense, the permeability of the filtrate will be reduced, and the polysaccharide extraction effect will be affected. At the same time, if the filter press pressure is too small, the polysaccharide will not be completely extracted.

[0073] Comparative Example 1 Fresh green algae are collected, cleaned and dehydrated; the dehydrated green algae are chopped and put into a colloid mill, and 48°C warm water is added to the colloid mill to obtain a green algae slurry containing green algae particles with a particle size of micrometers; the green algae slurry after ultrasonic and enzyme treatment is subjected to hot water extraction to obtain an extraction slurry, wherein the temperature of the hot water extraction is controlled at 68°C; the extraction slurry is coarsely filtered and the filtrate is collected; the filtrate is cooled to below 55°C by a heat exchanger, diluted with purified water, and then desalted by ultrafiltration, and the desalted filtrate is collected; the green algae proteoglycan is obtained by vacuum concentration, ethanol extraction and vacuum drying. The yield is 21.02%.

[0074] The above embodiments and comparative examples prove that in the process of washing plant raw materials and water, the present invention dynamically adjusts the washing conditions based on the clarity of the upper solution and the precipitation rate, and simultaneously utilizes diatomaceous earth to assist in filtration and dynamically adjusts the filtration pressure, thereby effectively improving the extraction efficiency and purity of plant polysaccharides, while ensuring the safety and stability of the polysaccharide products.

[0075] According to the polysaccharide product extracted in Example 1, the effect on the inflammatory factors of human chondrocytes under the inflammatory microenvironment was detected. The relevant experimental groups and experimental components are shown in Table 2 below. The experimental results are shown in Table 3, Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown: Table 2: Experimental groups and experimental components

[0076] Table 3: Cell ELISA test results of each experimental group

[0077] From Table 3 and Figure 5 The bar graph of IL-6 content in the cell supernatant in each experimental group of the present invention, Figure 6 The results of the bar graph of TNF-α content in the cell supernatant in each experimental group of the present invention show that compared with the blank control group, the content of inflammatory factors IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the cell supernatant of the model control group increased significantly; compared with the model control group, the content of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant of each sample group decreased significantly. In addition, the sample group is drug concentration-dependent. The higher the concentration of polysaccharide products in the sample group, the more significant the decrease in the content of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. There is no significant difference in the content of TNF-α in the cell supernatant between the sodium chondroitin sulfate group and the celecoxib group, and there is no significant difference in the content of TNF-α in the cell supernatant between the sodium chondroitin sulfate group and the celecoxib group and the medium and high dose groups of the sample group.

[0078] The results of the above experimental groups prove that the polysaccharide product of the present invention has an anti-inflammatory effect comparable to that of celecoxib and sodium chondroitin sulfate, and can improve the decreased proliferation ability of human chondrocytes (C28 / I2) and the increased inflammation level induced by interleukin-1β, and the higher the concentration of the polysaccharide product, the more significant the improvement.

[0079] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a plant extract, characterized in that: include: Step S1, stirring and mixing the plant raw material and water in a transparent container in a volume ratio of 1 part:10 parts to 15 parts, washing based on a preset number of washing times and a preset standing time, and draining the water to obtain the target raw material; Wherein, during the cleaning process, the clarity of the upper solution in the transparent container and the sedimentation rate of the plant material are determined based on several detection time points, and the standing time or stirring speed of the plant material for a single cleaning is adjusted according to the clarity of the upper solution and the sedimentation rate, and the preset number of cleaning times is adjusted; Step S2, drying the target raw material based on a preset drying time and a preset drying temperature, and crushing to obtain a target powder; Step S3, placing the target powder into an ethanol solution, allowing the polysaccharide to settle after standing and centrifugation, and obtaining a supernatant and a polysaccharide precipitate; In the precipitation process, several centrifugation operations are performed, and the polysaccharide content in the supernatant is detected after the several centrifugation operations, and the polysaccharide content is compared with a preset polysaccharide content threshold, and the timing of complete polysaccharide precipitation is identified according to the comparison result, and the supernatant and the polysaccharide precipitate are obtained at the timing of complete polysaccharide precipitation; Step S4, mixing the dried polysaccharide precipitate with water in a volume ratio of 1 part:15 parts to 20 parts to form a mixed solution, and boiling the mixture at 65° C. to 75° C. for 4 hours to 6 hours to obtain a target stock solution; Step S5, grinding the target stock solution to obtain a grinding liquid, adding diatomaceous earth to the grinding liquid, and filtering by filter press to obtain a filter cake and a filtrate; The mass of the diatomaceous earth is determined according to the volume of the grinding liquid, the thickness of the filter cake is measured during the filter pressing process, and the filter pressing pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the thickness of the filter cake; Step S6, ultrafiltration concentration, sterilization, and spray drying are performed on the filtrate to obtain a polysaccharide product.

2. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sedimentation layer height data of the plant material in the transparent container is measured at the several detection time points, and the sedimentation speed of the plant material is determined according to the sedimentation layer height data.

3. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 2, characterized in that: In a single cleaning process, if the clarity of the upper solution is lower than a preset clarity or the precipitation speed is lower than a preset precipitation speed, the standing time is increased or the stirring speed is increased.

4. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 3, characterized in that: During a single cleaning process, if the sedimentation speed is greater than a preset sedimentation speed, the stirring speed is reduced.

5. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial contamination degree of the plant raw material is determined according to the mass of impurities and the mass of the raw material after the initial cleaning, and the preset number of cleaning times is determined according to the initial contamination degree.

6. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preset number of cleaning times is determined according to the initial contamination degree, including: If the initial contamination level is lower than the first contamination value, washing the plant material according to the first number of washing times; If the initial contamination degree is greater than the first contamination value and less than the second contamination value, washing the plant material according to the second washing number; If the initial contamination degree is greater than the second contamination value, the plant material is cleaned according to a third cleaning number.

7. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the cleaning process, if the clarity of the upper solution obtained after cleaning for a preset number of times is less than the preset clarity, and the sedimentation rate is greater than or equal to the preset sedimentation rate, the preset number of cleaning times is increased.

8. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the dynamic filtration pressure according to the filter cake thickness includes: If the filter cake thickness is less than the preset filter cake thickness, reducing the filter pressing pressure; If the filter cake thickness is greater than the preset filter cake thickness, the filter press pressure is increased.

9. The method for preparing the plant extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises adjusting the volume of water in the mixed solution according to the polysaccharide yield of the polysaccharide product, comprising: If the polysaccharide yield is lower than the preset yield, the volume of water is reduced.

10. The method for preparing a plant extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant raw materials are composed of seaweed, white fungus and shiitake mushrooms, which are composed of 8 to 22 parts of seaweed, 8 to 12 parts of white fungus and 8 to 12 parts of shiitake mushrooms in terms of weight.

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