Self-generating pressure vessel three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a self-generating pressure vessel three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device and method. The device comprises a three-dimensional displacement detection device, a thermoelectric power generation device and a cloud platform. The three-dimensional displacement detection equipment comprises a bottom plate, and four vertical rods, a horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism and a vertical displacement monitoring mechanism which are arranged above the bottom plate; the thermoelectric power generation device comprises a cooling fin, a hot end conduction sheet, a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets and an energy storage assembly. The cloud platform comprises an expansion amount calculation module, an early warning module, a visual interface and a block chain. The method comprises the following steps: recording wavelength change in a grating sensor by using a multi-channel optical fiber demodulator; and the thermal expansion amount is calculated, pre-warned and visualized according to the wavelength change. According to the invention, the problem of power supply can be solved through self power generation, three-dimensional all-around real-time monitoring and early warning of the measured pressure vessel can be realized, reliable data can be provided, the state of equipment can be accurately reflected, and safe operation and efficient management of the equipment can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pressure vessel monitoring, and in particular to a three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device and method for a self-generating pressure vessel. Background Art

[0002] Boilers are one of the widely used equipment in industrial production and daily life. They are mainly used to heat water or other liquids to generate steam or hot water for heating and hot water supply of industrial equipment or buildings. With the development of industry, the application scenarios of boilers have become more complex, and the safety and reliability of boilers have received more and more attention. Especially large industrial boilers operating in high temperature and high pressure environments have complex structures and are subject to huge thermal and mechanical stresses. Under these conditions, the components of the boiler often undergo thermal expansion. If not monitored and warned in time, it may cause equipment damage or even safety accidents.

[0003] Traditional thermal expansion monitoring systems usually use wired sensors and fixed monitoring equipment for monitoring. These devices have high installation and maintenance costs, complex wiring, and are easily affected by environmental factors. In addition, the monitoring dimensions of traditional systems are limited, making it difficult to fully and accurately monitor the three-dimensional thermal expansion of the boiler during operation, and unable to reflect the status of the equipment in real time. In addition, thermal expansion monitoring usually relies on external power supply or built-in battery power supply. In high temperature and high pressure environments, the stability and continuity of the power supply method are difficult to guarantee. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-generating three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device and method for pressure vessels, which can solve the power supply problem through self-generation, and can also realize three-dimensional and comprehensive real-time monitoring and early warning of the pressure vessel under test, provide reliable data, accurately reflect the equipment status, and ensure the safe operation and efficient management of the equipment.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following scheme: a three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel, comprising a three-dimensional displacement detection device and a temperature difference power generation device and a cloud platform connected to the three-dimensional displacement detection device;

[0006] The three-dimensional displacement detection device comprises a bottom plate, four vertical rods arranged at the corners of the upper surface of the bottom plate, a horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism of a square ring structure horizontally arranged just above the bottom plate, and a vertical displacement monitoring mechanism vertically arranged just above the horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism;

[0007] The thermoelectric power generation device includes a heat sink, a hot end conduction plate arranged above the heat sink, a plurality of thermoelectric power generation plates arranged between the heat sink and the hot end conduction plate, and an energy storage component connected to the thermoelectric power generation plates; wherein the hot end conduction plate is connected to the outside of the pressure vessel to be tested.

[0008] The cloud platform includes an expansion volume calculation module, an early warning module, a visualization interface and a blockchain that are interconnected.

[0009] Optionally, the horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism includes an X-axis sliding rod and an X-axis grating sensor arranged between the vertical rods in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis sliding rod and a Y-axis grating sensor arranged between the vertical rods in the Y-axis direction, a Y-axis expansion indicating rod connected between the X-axis sliding rod and the X-axis grating sensor, and an X-axis expansion indicating rod connected between the Y-axis sliding rod and the Y-axis grating sensor, X-axis slip rings are arranged at both ends of the Y-axis expansion indicating rod, and Y-axis slip rings are arranged at both ends of the X-axis expansion indicating rod;

[0010] Among them, the X-axis sliding rod, the X-axis grating sensor, the Y-axis sliding rod and the Y-axis grating sensor are connected through the vertical rod, the Y-axis expansion indicating rod is connected to the X-axis sliding rod and the X-axis grating sensor through the X-axis slip ring, and the X-axis expansion indicating rod is connected to the Y-axis sliding rod and the Y-axis grating sensor through the Y-axis slip ring.

[0011] Optionally, the vertical displacement monitoring mechanism includes a Z-axis grating sensor, a positioning pin arranged at the bottom of the Z-axis grating sensor, a Z-axis slip ring arranged on the Z-axis grating sensor, a conductive rod arranged on the outer side of the Z-axis slip ring, and a movable slip ring arranged below the Z-axis slip ring;

[0012] Wherein, the Z-axis grating sensor is connected at the intersection of the X-axis expansion indicator rod and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod, one end of the conductive rod is connected to the pressure vessel to be measured, and the other end is connected to the Z-axis slip ring, and the movable slip ring is arranged at the intersection of the Z-axis grating sensor, the X-axis expansion indicator rod and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod.

[0013] Optionally, both the X-axis expansion indicator rod and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod are provided with a hollow slideway connected to a corresponding grating sensor for generating displacement.

[0014] Optionally, the energy storage component is connected to the three-dimensional displacement detection device, and the energy storage component includes a battery pack, a wire arranged between the thermoelectric power generation sheet and the battery pack, and an inverter for current conversion arranged on the wire.

[0015] Optionally, the expansion amount calculation module includes a first expansion amount calculation unit for calculating the wavelength change in the X-axis grating sensor, a second expansion amount calculation unit for calculating the wavelength change in the Y-axis grating sensor, and a third expansion amount calculation unit for calculating the wavelength change in the Z-axis grating sensor.

[0016] Optionally, the early warning module includes:

[0017] A threshold unit, used to calculate a static safety expansion threshold based on the pressure vessel under test, and to set a dynamic safety expansion threshold according to environmental conditions; the static safety expansion threshold and the dynamic safety expansion threshold both include multiple levels;

[0018] A first alarm unit, used to determine whether the calculated expansion amount is greater than the static safety expansion threshold, and if the determination result is yes, automatically trigger the corresponding alarm level; if the determination result is no, the pressure vessel under test passes the preliminary safety assessment;

[0019] The second alarm unit is used to determine whether the expansion amount that passes the preliminary safety assessment is greater than the dynamic safety expansion threshold. If the judgment result is yes, the corresponding alarm level is automatically triggered.

[0020] Optionally, the visualization interface includes a first visualization interface for displaying the X-axis expansion, a second visualization interface for displaying the Y-axis expansion, a third visualization interface for displaying the Z-axis expansion, and a fourth visualization interface for displaying the overall expansion of the pressure vessel under test.

[0021] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning method for a self-generating pressure vessel, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Selecting and deploying a grating sensor and a multi-channel fiber optic interrogator, and calibrating the grating sensor;

[0023] Connecting the grating sensor to the multi-channel fiber demodulator, and recording the wavelength change in the grating sensor by the multi-channel fiber demodulator;

[0024] The multi-channel optical fiber demodulator is connected to the cloud platform to calculate, warn and visualize the thermal expansion amount according to the wavelength change.

[0025] The present invention discloses the following technical effects by providing a three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device and method for a self-generating pressure vessel:

[0026] 1. The present invention uses the design of a three-dimensional displacement detection device to perform real-time monitoring of pressure vessels from three directions: X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. This multi-axis arrangement of sensors can capture thermal expansion in all directions (three-dimensional and omnidirectional) to ensure comprehensive monitoring. At the same time, because the grating sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, anti-electromagnetic interference, and adaptability to high temperature environments, the monitored data is more reliable.

[0027] 2. The present invention makes full use of the high temperature and high pressure environment through the design of the temperature difference power generation equipment (the temperature difference power generation plate converts thermal energy into electrical energy according to the Seebeck effect under the temperature difference between the hot end conduction plate and the heat sink), and directly provides stable and continuous power supply for the entire system.

[0028] 3. The present invention can realize real-time monitoring and early warning of thermal expansion of pressure vessels through monitoring and early warning methods, prevent equipment failures and safety accidents caused by thermal expansion, and also realize predictive maintenance, reduce unexpected downtime and maintenance costs, extend equipment service life, and ensure safe operation and efficient management of equipment.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional displacement detection device provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the device structure of the temperature difference power generation equipment provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the system architecture provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure numerals: 1, bottom plate; 2, vertical rod; 31, X-axis slide bar; 32, Y-axis slide bar; 33, X-axis grating sensor; 34, Y-axis grating sensor; 35, Y-axis expansion indicator rod 36, X-axis slip ring; 37, X-axis expansion indicator rod 38, Y-axis slip ring; 41, Z-axis grating sensor; 42, positioning pin; 43, Z-axis slip ring; 44, conduction rod; 45, moving slip ring; 51, heat sink; 52, hot end conduction plate; 53, temperature difference power generation plate; 61, battery pack; 62, wire; 63, inverter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel, including a three-dimensional displacement detection device and a temperature difference power generation device and a cloud platform connected to the three-dimensional displacement detection device.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the three-dimensional displacement detection device includes a base plate 1, four vertical rods 2 arranged at the corners of the upper surface of the base plate 1, a horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism of a square ring structure horizontally arranged directly above the base plate 1, and a vertical displacement monitoring mechanism vertically arranged directly above the horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism.

[0039] The horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism includes an X-axis sliding bar 31 and an X-axis grating sensor 33 arranged between the vertical bars 2 in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis sliding bar 32 and a Y-axis grating sensor 34 arranged between the vertical bars 2 in the Y-axis direction, a Y-axis expansion indicator rod 35 connected between the X-axis sliding bar 31 and the X-axis grating sensor 33, and an X-axis expansion indicator rod 37 connected between the Y-axis sliding bar 32 and the Y-axis grating sensor 34, X-axis slip rings 36 are arranged at both ends of the Y-axis expansion indicator rod 35, and Y-axis slip rings 38 are arranged at both ends of the X-axis expansion indicator rod 37.

[0040] Among them, the X-axis sliding rod 31, the X-axis grating sensor 33, the Y-axis sliding rod 32 and the Y-axis grating sensor 34 are connected through the vertical rod 2, the Y-axis expansion indicator rod 35 is connected to the X-axis sliding rod 31 and the X-axis grating sensor 33 through the X-axis slip ring 36, and the X-axis expansion indicator rod 37 is connected to the Y-axis sliding rod 32 and the Y-axis grating sensor 34 through the Y-axis slip ring 38.

[0041] The working principle of fiber Bragg grating sensor is based on the temperature and stress characteristics of fiber Bragg grating. When the ambient temperature around the fiber Bragg grating changes, the refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating will change, causing the wavelength of light to change. By detecting this change in wavelength, the change in temperature and strain can be inferred, and then the thermal expansion of the material can be monitored. In terms of specific applications, the fiber Bragg grating sensor can be fixed on the sample to be tested, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the sample can be calculated by measuring the change in wavelength of the sample when the temperature changes.

[0042] The grating scale displacement sensor is a specific type of grating sensor, which is mainly used to accurately measure linear or angular displacement (the thermal expansion displacement of pressure vessels is usually regarded as linear displacement). The grating scale displacement sensor is a measuring device that combines a grating scale (grating scale) and a grating sensor. It measures the displacement of an object by reading the optical stripes or holes on the grating scale. There is a series of evenly distributed stripes or holes on the grating scale, which form an optical reference benchmark. The grating sensor emits a light beam to the grating scale and detects the reflected or transmitted light signal. The stripes on the grating scale affect the interference or diffraction of the light, allowing the sensor to calculate the displacement. By analyzing the changes in the light signal, the grating scale displacement sensor can accurately measure the displacement of the object with high precision and high resolution.

[0043] The vertical displacement monitoring mechanism includes a Z-axis grating sensor 41, a positioning pin 42 arranged at the bottom of the Z-axis grating sensor 41, a Z-axis slip ring 43 arranged on the Z-axis grating sensor 41, a conduction rod 44 arranged on the outer side of the Z-axis slip ring 43, and a movable slip ring 45 arranged below the Z-axis slip ring 43.

[0044] Among them, the Z-axis grating sensor 41 is vertically connected to the intersection of the X-axis expansion indicator rod 37 and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod 35, one end of the conduction rod 44 is connected to the pressure vessel 7 to be measured, and the other end is connected to the Z-axis slip ring 43, and the movable slip ring 45 is arranged at the intersection of the Z-axis grating sensor 41, the X-axis expansion indicator rod 37 and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod 35.

[0045] The X-axis expansion indicating rod 37 and the Y-axis expansion indicating rod 35 are both provided with hollow slideways connected to corresponding grating sensors for generating displacement.

[0046] The thermal expansion displacement of the pressure vessel is transmitted to the Z-axis grating sensor 41 through the transmission rod 44 to measure the displacement value in the Z direction. The thermal expansion displacement of the pressure vessel is then driven by the moving slip ring 45, the X-axis slip ring 36 and the Y-axis slip ring 38 on the Z-axis grating sensor 41 to move the X-axis expansion indicator rod 37 and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod 35 on the X-axis slide bar 31 and the Y-axis slide bar 32 to measure the displacement of the thermal expansion in the X direction on the X-axis grating sensor 33 and the displacement of the thermal expansion in the Y direction on the Y-axis grating sensor 34.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the thermoelectric power generation device includes a heat sink 51, a hot end conduction plate 52 arranged above the heat sink 51, a plurality of thermoelectric power generation plates 53 arranged between the heat sink 51 and the hot end conduction plate 52, and an energy storage component connected to the thermoelectric power generation plates 53; wherein the hot end conduction plate 52 is connected to the outside of the pressure vessel 7 under test.

[0048] The energy storage component is connected to the three-dimensional displacement detection device, and the energy storage component includes a battery pack 61, a wire 62 arranged between the temperature difference power generation sheet 53 and the battery pack 61, and an inverter 63 for current conversion arranged on the wire 62.

[0049] Among them, the thermoelectric power generation sheet 53 converts thermal energy into electrical energy according to the Seebeck effect under the temperature difference between the hot end conductive sheet 52 and the heat sink 51, the battery pack 61 is used to store the electrical energy, and the inverter 63 is used to convert the direct current of the battery pack 61 into alternating current. Specifically, under the temperature gradient, the carriers in the conductor move from the hot end to the cold end and accumulate at the cold end, thereby forming a potential difference inside the material. At the same time, a reverse charge flow is generated under the action of the potential difference. When the charge flow of thermal motion reaches a dynamic equilibrium with the internal electric field, a stable thermoelectric electromotive force is formed at both ends of the semiconductor. The battery pack 61 stores the electrical energy emitted by the thermoelectric power generation sheet 53. The inverter 63 converts direct current into alternating current, and the alternating current can be supplied to other devices.

[0050] The cloud platform includes an interconnected expansion calculation module, an early warning module, a visualization interface and a blockchain. Specifically:

[0051] 1) Expansion calculation module

[0052] The first expansion amount calculation unit is used to calculate the wavelength change in the X-axis grating sensor 33.

[0053] The second expansion amount calculation unit calculates the wavelength change in the Y-axis grating sensor 34.

[0054] The third expansion amount calculation unit is used to calculate the wavelength change in the Z-axis grating sensor 46.

[0055] The principle of the grating sensor to measure thermal expansion is based on the characteristics of fiber grating. By measuring the strain and stress changes of the fiber grating caused by temperature changes, the thermal expansion of the material can be inferred. Specifically, the fiber grating sensor uses the Bragg grating structure in the optical fiber to achieve frequency-selective reflection of light waves, and reflects the thermal expansion of the material by measuring the changes in light waves.

[0056] The working principle of fiber grating sensor involves the basic structure and optical properties of optical fiber. Optical fiber is mainly composed of core, cladding and protective layer. Light waves propagate in the core, cladding ensures total internal reflection of light waves, and protective layer provides physical protection. Fiber grating sensor uses the photosensitivity of optical fiber to form periodic refractive index modulation in the optical fiber through ultraviolet light exposure to form Bragg grating. When the external temperature or stress changes, the period and refractive index of the grating change, causing the wavelength of the reflected light to change, so that the changes in external parameters can be measured.

[0057] Specific application examples include using fiber Bragg grating sensors to measure the thermal expansion coefficient of materials. By fixing the fiber Bragg grating on the sample to be measured, the thermal expansion coefficient of the material can be measured using the temperature and stress characteristics of the fiber Bragg grating. The measurement accuracy can reach 0.21×10^-7 / ℃, and this method has broad application prospects in the fields of materials science and engineering.

[0058] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the expansion amount using the wavelength change in the grating sensor (source is the article "Measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of materials using fiber grating" provided at https: / / www.docin.com / p-1541781657.html) is:

[0059] Δλ=λαΔT

[0060] Wherein, Δλ is the wavelength change, λ is the initial wavelength, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the pressure vessel under test, and ΔT is the temperature change of the pressure vessel under test 7.

[0061] 2) Early warning module:

[0062] The threshold unit is used to calculate the static safety expansion threshold based on the pressure vessel 7 under test, and to set the dynamic safety expansion threshold according to environmental conditions; the static safety expansion threshold and the dynamic safety expansion threshold both include multiple levels.

[0063] The first alarm unit is used to determine whether the calculated expansion amount is greater than the static safety expansion threshold. If the determination result is yes, the corresponding alarm level is automatically triggered. If the determination result is no, the pressure vessel 7 under test passes the preliminary safety assessment.

[0064] The second alarm unit is used to determine whether the expansion amount passing the preliminary safety assessment is greater than the dynamic safety expansion threshold, and if the judgment result is yes, automatically trigger the corresponding alarm level.

[0065] 3) Visual interface

[0066] The first visual interface: used to display the X-axis expansion.

[0067] The second visualization interface: used to display the Y-axis expansion.

[0068] The third visualization interface: used to display the Z-axis expansion.

[0069] The fourth visual interface is used to display the overall expansion amount of the pressure vessel 7 under test.

[0070] Among them, the visualization form can use charts (such as line charts, bar charts) to display the X-axis expansion, Y-axis expansion, Z-axis expansion and overall expansion in real time. Open source libraries such as D3.js or Chart.js can be used to implement dynamic data updates. Color coding (such as green for normal, yellow for warning, and red for danger) can be used to intuitively display the status of warning information. 3D visualization tools can be used to dynamically display the historical and real-time trends of expansion.

[0071] 4) Blockchain

[0072] It is mainly used to safely store historical data and real-time data for relevant personnel to view.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning method for a self-generating pressure vessel, comprising the following steps:

[0074] 1. Select and deploy a grating sensor and a multi-channel fiber demodulator (capable of processing data from multiple sensors simultaneously), and calibrate the grating sensor. Before installation, calibrate the grating sensor and record the initial wavelength and temperature data for reference in subsequent measurements.

[0075] 2. Connect the grating sensor to the multi-channel fiber demodulator, and record the wavelength change in the grating sensor through the multi-channel fiber demodulator. The wavelength change of the grating is directly related to the strain and temperature change, so the physical expansion can be calculated through the wavelength change.

[0076] Specifically, the relationship between the wavelength change of the grating and the change in strain and temperature is based on the physical properties of the grating. That is, the Bragg wavelength of the grating is affected by strain and temperature, and its change can be used to calculate the amount of physical expansion.

[0077] 3. Connect the multi-channel optical fiber demodulator to the cloud platform to calculate, warn and visualize the thermal expansion amount according to the wavelength change.

[0078] Therefore, the present invention provides a self-generating three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device and method for pressure vessels, which can solve the power supply problem through self-generation, and can also realize three-dimensional and comprehensive real-time monitoring and early warning of the pressure vessel under test, provide reliable data, accurately reflect the equipment status, and ensure the safe operation and efficient management of the equipment.

[0079] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0080] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel, characterized in that: It includes a three-dimensional displacement detection device and a temperature difference power generation device and a cloud platform connected to the three-dimensional displacement detection device; The three-dimensional displacement detection device comprises a bottom plate, four vertical rods arranged at the corners of the upper surface of the bottom plate, a horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism of a square ring structure horizontally arranged just above the bottom plate, and a vertical displacement monitoring mechanism vertically arranged just above the horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism; The thermoelectric power generation device includes a heat sink, a hot end conduction plate arranged above the heat sink, a plurality of thermoelectric power generation plates arranged between the heat sink and the hot end conduction plate, and an energy storage component connected to the thermoelectric power generation plates; wherein the hot end conduction plate is connected to the outside of the pressure vessel to be tested. The cloud platform includes an expansion volume calculation module, an early warning module, a visualization interface and a blockchain that are interconnected.

2. The three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal displacement monitoring mechanism comprises an X-axis sliding rod and an X-axis grating sensor arranged between the vertical rods in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis sliding rod and a Y-axis grating sensor arranged between the vertical rods in the Y-axis direction, a Y-axis expansion indicating rod connected between the X-axis sliding rod and the X-axis grating sensor, and an X-axis expansion indicating rod connected between the Y-axis sliding rod and the Y-axis grating sensor, X-axis slip rings are arranged at both ends of the Y-axis expansion indicating rod, and Y-axis slip rings are arranged at both ends of the X-axis expansion indicating rod; Among them, the X-axis sliding rod, the X-axis grating sensor, the Y-axis sliding rod and the Y-axis grating sensor are connected through the vertical rod, the Y-axis expansion indicating rod is connected to the X-axis sliding rod and the X-axis grating sensor through the X-axis slip ring, and the X-axis expansion indicating rod is connected to the Y-axis sliding rod and the Y-axis grating sensor through the Y-axis slip ring.

3. The three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The vertical displacement monitoring mechanism includes a Z-axis grating sensor, a positioning pin arranged at the bottom of the Z-axis grating sensor, a Z-axis slip ring arranged on the Z-axis grating sensor, a conductive rod arranged on the outer side of the Z-axis slip ring, and a moving slip ring arranged below the Z-axis slip ring; Wherein, the Z-axis grating sensor is connected at the intersection of the X-axis expansion indicator rod and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod, one end of the conductive rod is connected to the pressure vessel to be measured, and the other end is connected to the Z-axis slip ring, and the movable slip ring is arranged at the intersection of the Z-axis grating sensor, the X-axis expansion indicator rod and the Y-axis expansion indicator rod.

4. The three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The X-axis expansion indicating rod and the Y-axis expansion indicating rod are both provided with a hollow slideway connected to the corresponding grating sensor for generating displacement.

5. The three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The energy storage component is connected to the three-dimensional displacement detection device, and the energy storage component includes a battery pack, a wire arranged between the temperature difference power generation sheet and the battery pack, and an inverter for current conversion arranged on the wire.

6. The three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The expansion amount calculation module includes a first expansion amount calculation unit for calculating the wavelength change in the X-axis grating sensor, a second expansion amount calculation unit for calculating the wavelength change in the Y-axis grating sensor, and a third expansion amount calculation unit for calculating the wavelength change in the Z-axis grating sensor.

7. The three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The early warning module comprises: A threshold unit, used to calculate a static safety expansion threshold based on the pressure vessel under test, and to set a dynamic safety expansion threshold according to environmental conditions; the static safety expansion threshold and the dynamic safety expansion threshold both include multiple levels; A first alarm unit, used to determine whether the calculated expansion amount is greater than the static safety expansion threshold, and if the determination result is yes, automatically trigger the corresponding alarm level, and if the determination result is no, the pressure vessel under test passes the preliminary safety assessment; The second alarm unit is used to determine whether the expansion amount passing the preliminary safety assessment is greater than the dynamic safety expansion threshold, and if the judgment result is yes, automatically trigger the corresponding alarm level.

8. The three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning device for a self-generating pressure vessel according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The visualization interface includes a first visualization interface for displaying the X-axis expansion amount, a second visualization interface for displaying the Y-axis expansion amount, a third visualization interface for displaying the Z-axis expansion amount, and a fourth visualization interface for displaying the overall expansion amount of the measured pressure vessel.

9. A three-dimensional thermal expansion monitoring and early warning method for a self-generating pressure vessel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Selecting and deploying a grating sensor and a multi-channel fiber optic interrogator, and calibrating the grating sensor; Connecting the grating sensor to the multi-channel fiber demodulator, and recording the wavelength change in the grating sensor by the multi-channel fiber demodulator; The multi-channel optical fiber demodulator is connected to the cloud platform to calculate, warn and visualize the thermal expansion amount according to the wavelength change.

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