Anti-season pepper double-harvesting cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seed seedling cultivation and vegetable planting, and discloses an anti-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method which comprises the following steps: (1) pepper seedling culture and planting: completing pepper seedling culture and field planting from July to August; (2) picking the peppers in the first season; (3) pepper pruning and regeneration: selecting fine weather for pruning in the middle ten days of February of the next year, reserving 3-5 healthy twigs between the second branch and the fourth branch of each pepper plant, uniformly distributing the reserved twigs around without reserving the branches at the center, and cutting off all the rest old branches; in mid-to-late March, removing axillary buds, weak branches, diseased branches and diseased leaves in sunny days; and (4) picking the peppers in the second season, and adjusting the harvesting and seedling pulling time according to the market condition from the middle ten days of April to the last ten days of June in the next year. According to the scheme, a new technical scheme is provided for overwintering cultivation of peppers in Chongqing and similar domestic areas, the winter utilization rate of facility greenhouses is increased, facility vegetable planting benefits are improved, and supply and demand balance of the peppers in the areas is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seed and seedling cultivation and vegetable planting, and in particular to a double-harvest cultivation method for off-season peppers. Background Art

[0002] Chili peppers are native to tropical regions of Central and South America. They are warm-loving annual or perennial herbs. They were introduced to my country in the late 16th century and are now cultivated in various parts of my country, especially in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. Chili peppers have become one of the important vegetables that are indispensable on the tables of Chinese residents in all seasons. At the same time, chili peppers can also be used as medicine, with the effects of warming the middle and dispelling cold, lowering qi and promoting digestion.

[0003] However, due to the low temperature and little sunshine in Chongqing in winter, accompanied by humidity, there is generally no local pepper planting in winter, and most peppers from other places are supplied to the winter market. Specifically, Chongqing belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with abundant rainfall, rain and heat at the same time, and spring and summer are very suitable for pepper growth. In line with the regional climate, peppers in Chongqing are planted in spring, that is, they are planted in February and March and harvested in May to August. However, peppers planted in spring will not be able to continue to produce peppers in mid-to-late September due to high temperatures and heavy pests and diseases, so peppers will not survive the winter. Therefore, it is often the case that the seasonal peppers are concentrated on the market, the supply is large, the harvest is not high, and the off-season market (such as September to February of the following year) is occupied by peppers from other places, resulting in low income for local pepper farmers in Chongqing, and at the same time, it cannot meet people's demand for local fresh peppers in winter and spring.

[0004] The prior art (Introduction to the technology of promoting cultivation of peppers overwintering and regeneration in low-altitude areas of Chongqing, Chen Lei et al., Southern Agriculture, Vol. 15, No. 28, 2021) discloses a technology of promoting cultivation of peppers overwintering and regeneration in low-altitude areas of Chongqing. The technology involves sowing and raising seedlings in mid-to-late July, sowing in time, harvesting and marketing peppers in time after they mature in early to mid-October, and then pruning on sunny days when the temperature is lowest from mid-to-late December to mid-to-late January of the following year. After field management and topdressing, peppers can be harvested and marketed again from the end of April to June, thus achieving the regeneration of peppers overwintering. However, the prior art still has the following technical problems: (1) In the prior art, peppers can only be harvested in mid-to-early October, and basically no peppers are produced in early December, resulting in a short harvest time and low yield of peppers; (2) The temperature in Chongqing is low from mid-to-late December to mid-to-late January of the following year, and peppers basically stagnate in growth. The prior art pruning at this time is prone to increase the death rate of seedlings overwintering due to slow wound healing, significantly reducing the yield of peppers in the second season.

[0005] In view of this, the development of a double-harvest cultivation method for off-season peppers that can achieve overwintering and continuous supply in winter can not only effectively make up for the shortcomings of existing technologies, but also take into account the dual needs of pepper farmers' income in Chongqing and residents' consumption of fresh peppers. It is also of great significance to the development of off-season vegetable cultivation methods. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a double-harvest cultivation method for off-season peppers to solve the technical problem that the first season peppers need to be harvested in mid-to-early October in the existing pepper overwintering regeneration cultivation technology in Chongqing area, resulting in a short pepper harvest time and low yield.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a double-harvest cultivation method of off-season peppers, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (I) Pepper seedling raising and planting: From July to August, pepper seedling raising and planting are completed; the method of soaking pepper seeds before seedling raising is as follows: pepper seeds are soaked in warm water at 50℃~60℃ for 30min, then soaked in 200mg / L gibberellin solution for 8h, then rinsed with distilled water for 3 times, and the seeds are dried;

[0009] (ii) Peppers are picked in the first season, harvested in time from mid-September to mid-November, and harvested in time from late November to December according to market conditions;

[0010] (III) Pepper pruning and regeneration: In mid-February of the following year, choose sunny weather to prune. Keep 3 to 5 healthy shoots between the second fork (where the pepper grows) and the fourth fork of the pepper plant. The remaining shoots are evenly distributed around the plant, and the branches in the center are not kept. All other old branches are cut off. In mid-to-late March, remove axillary buds, weak branches, diseased branches, and diseased leaves on sunny days.

[0011] (IV) The second season for picking peppers is from mid-April to late June of the following year. The time for picking and pulling out the vines can be adjusted according to market conditions.

[0012] The principles and advantages of this solution are:

[0013] 1. Compared with the low pepper yield in the existing pepper overwintering regeneration cultivation technology in Chongqing, this plan breaks the traditional pepper planting idea, optimizes the seed soaking method, obtains strong seedlings and effectively advances the first harvest time in autumn, effectively increasing the yield; in winter, greenhouse facilities are used for overwintering and dormancy, and then they are picked again after pruning and regeneration in early spring to supply the market. It not only effectively solves the income problems of pepper farmers such as low centralized market prices and low economic benefits, but also effectively achieves double harvests of peppers, increases pepper production, ensures the supply of regional winter vegetables, solves the daily needs of residents in Chongqing for fresh peppers, and realizes the unity of economic benefits and social needs.

[0014] 2. This scheme soaks the pepper seeds in warm water first, and then in gibberellin. The warm water loosens the seed coat barrier, making it easier for gibberellin to enter the seed coat and directly act on the seed buds. This not only effectively improves the germination rate of pepper seed seedlings, but also effectively shortens the germination cycle and the seedling age, allowing them to be harvested in mid-September in advance, effectively improving production efficiency, filling the market gap in September, and thus increasing pepper yields and revenues. Specifically, after the pepper seeds are treated with the pepper seedling raising method of this scheme, pepper seedlings with 8 to 9 true leaves can be obtained at a seedling age of 30 to 35 days. In addition, the pepper seed pretreatment method of this scheme, combined with appropriate water and fertilizer management and nutrient soil ratio, effectively improves the seedling strengthening effect of pepper seedling raising, thereby effectively increasing pepper yields. The applicant found through long-term experiments that if only water soaking is used, then after soaking in warm water for 30 minutes, at least 12-24 hours of soaking are required before sowing; if only gibberellin is soaked, the germination rate is also low; and if gibberellin is soaked first and then water soaked, the seedling cycle is also longer, delaying the first pepper harvest time, which is not conducive to harvesting in mid-September to fill the market gap and reducing economic benefits.

[0015] 3. In this scheme, the first season peppers are harvested in two stages. Harvesting in time from September to mid-November is convenient for pepper plants to bear more fruits and increase yields. The temperature is low from late November to December, and the green peppers can remain on the plants for a long time without becoming overripe. In this stage, the harvesting time can be flexibly selected according to market conditions to increase the selling price of peppers and thus improve economic benefits. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if the peppers are kept on the plants for too long, such as delayed harvesting during the Spring Festival (January to February), the low temperature and high humidity in the greenhouse in winter will cause freezing and chilling damage and rotten fruits, which will affect the quality of the peppers at the least and make them impossible to harvest at the worst, reducing yields.

[0016] 4. In the process of cultivating off-season peppers to achieve double harvests, this plan effectively improves the regeneration speed of pepper plants and accelerates their fruiting speed by optimizing the pruning and regeneration time and reasonable pruning and regeneration operations, so that the second season pepper harvest time is advanced, which can not only fill the market gap, but also effectively increase the income of pepper farmers. Specifically, this plan keeps the pepper plants intact before pruning and regeneration in late February, which can reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption and enable pepper plants to better cope with low temperature environments; pruning and regeneration in mid-February, when the temperature gradually warms up, the wound healing period after pruning is shortened, and there is no need to spray disinfectants such as carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl for disinfection, and no diseases will occur; and after the temperature warms up, the branches sprout quickly after pruning, and the overall pepper regeneration speed is fast, which will not delay the harvest time of the second season of peppers, but will reduce a lot of disease risks and management costs.

[0017] Specifically, during the years of research and development by the applicant, attempts were made to prune from late January to early February. However, in Chongqing, the temperature during this period is relatively low, and peppers will stop growing. After pruning and regeneration, the low temperature and slow growth rate of pepper seedlings may lead to slow wound healing, increase the risk of disease, and reduce the survival rate over the winter. After that, the applicant also tried to properly retain the central branches during the pruning process. However, if the central branches are retained, the overall ventilation effect of the branches will be poor and affect the fruiting rate of the central branches, and retaining the central branches will also waste nutrients, which is not worth the loss. If too many surrounding branches are retained, the vitality of the pruning will be affected due to the aging of the branches after wintering, thereby reducing the yield of peppers in the second season. By chance, the surrounding side branches were accidentally broken during the pepper pruning process, and the pepper plants quickly grew new branches after breaking them. After retaining the evacuated and breathable branches, the yield was improved compared to retaining all the branches. Therefore, after analyzing various reasons, the applicant formed the method of pruning and regeneration in this scheme, which significantly increased the yield of peppers in the second season, and further improved the economic benefits.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, in (i) raising and planting pepper seedlings, the seedling raising is greenhouse cold bed plug tray matrix seedling raising, comprising the following steps: in mid-to-late July, in a plastic greenhouse covered with a sunshade net, sow the pepper seeds that have been soaked and disinfected in a 50-72-hole PS hard plastic plug tray filled with nutrient soil, and the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 25°C to 30°C during seedling raising.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, when the seedlings are 30 to 35 days old and have grown 8 to 9 true leaves, they can be transplanted on the right day.

[0020] Beneficial effects: This scheme effectively reduces the cost of seedling cultivation, increases the number of seedlings per unit area, and improves economic benefits by adopting the above-mentioned settings. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if floating seedlings are used, due to the high temperature and strong light during sowing and seedling cultivation, it is easy to form leggy seedlings, which will reduce the yield by more than 20%; and if nutrient pot seedlings are used, on the one hand, the substrate consumption and labor will increase compared with plug tray seedlings, and the cost is high; on the other hand, the number of seedlings per unit area of ​​the seedbed in nutrient pot seedlings is 20-30% less than that in plug tray seedlings.

[0021] Preferably, as an improvement, the nutrient soil comprises raw materials in the following mass ratio: the mass ratio of seedling matrix and compound fertilizer is 100:1; measured by volume, the seedling matrix is ​​peat: vermiculite: perlite: garden soil = 3:1:1:1, and the compound fertilizer is a potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, measured by mass ratio, N:P:K = 15:15:15; the garden soil is soil from a plot where no Solanaceae vegetable crops have been planted before and which has few pathogens and insect eggs.

[0022] Beneficial effect: This scheme effectively improves the seedling rate and seedling raising efficiency by adopting the above-mentioned settings. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if the content of compound fertilizer is too much, the root rot and seedling death will occur due to fertilizer damage; if the content of peat in the seedling raising medium is too little, the pepper seedlings will grow slowly due to insufficient water retention capacity; and if the content of peat is too much, it will cause hypoxia due to poor permeability, and the pepper seedlings will grow weakly; if the content of vermiculite and perlite in the seedling raising medium is too high, the pepper seedlings will grow slowly due to poor water retention; if the content of vermiculite and perlite is too low, it will lead to insufficient air permeability and slow root growth of the pepper seedlings; if the content of garden soil in the seedling raising medium is too high, the matrix will become compacted due to poor permeability, and the pepper seedlings will grow poorly; if the content of garden soil is too low, the pepper seedlings will grow slowly due to poor water retention. If the nitrogen fertilizer content in the compound fertilizer is too high, the pepper seedlings will grow too tall and become weak; if the nitrogen fertilizer content is too low, the pepper seedlings will turn yellow and become weak due to lack of nitrogen fertilizer; if the potassium fertilizer content in the compound fertilizer is too high, the growth of the pepper seedlings will be hindered due to excessive salt concentration; if there is too little potassium fertilizer, the resistance of the pepper seedlings will be reduced, making them prone to disease.

[0023] Preferably, as an improvement, after the nutrient soil is mixed, a sterilization treatment is also included, including the following contents: spray 400mL to 500mL of 50 times 40% formalin solution per cubic meter of nutrient soil, stir evenly and pile it flat, seal it with plastic film for more than 48 hours, and set it aside.

[0024] Beneficial effects: This scheme, by adopting the above-mentioned settings, is convenient for fully killing pathogens in the nutrient soil and improving the quality of seedling cultivation.

[0025] Preferably, as an improvement, in (i) raising pepper seedlings and planting, the planting comprises the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Prepare the land for the bed: disinfect the soil with quicklime, adjust the soil pH, and apply fertilizer to increase soil fertility. Then, deep plow and harrow the soil. Dig a bed of 1.3m to 1.4m, with a bed height of 15cm to 20cm, a bed width of 70cm, a bed ditch width of 60cm, and a ditch depth of 18cm to 22cm. Cover the ditch and bed with film and set aside.

[0027] Step 2: Planting: Plant 1,800 to 2,000 plants per mu, plant single plants in double rows, with a plant spacing of 45 cm to 55 cm and a row spacing of 45 cm to 55 cm.

[0028] Step 3: Water and fertilizer management: Water once to establish roots immediately after transplanting, and apply the first fertilizer after 10 to 15 days. The fertilizer should be a high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer.

[0029] Step 4: Lighting and insect prevention management: Cover the greenhouse with a shade net with a 60% shading rate and use 40-60 mesh insect-proof nets around the greenhouse for protection.

[0030] Beneficial effect: This scheme effectively improves the growth of pepper seedlings and pepper yield after planting by adopting the above-mentioned settings. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if the time interval between the first fertilization after watering the rooting water is too long, the pepper will grow slowly due to lack of fertilizer, and if the interval is too short, the fertilizer will be lost because the seedlings have not been successfully grown; if the nitrogen content of the fertilizer is too low, the pepper plants will lack nutrients and grow poorly, and if the potassium content of the fertilizer is too high, the normal growth of the pepper seedlings will be hindered due to the high salt concentration; if the shading rate of the shade net is too high, the peppers will grow too long due to lack of sunlight, and if the shading rate is too low, the peppers will grow too long due to excessive temperature, the flower buds will be poorly differentiated, and deformed fruits will be formed, and the commercial value of the fruit will decrease.

[0031] In addition, due to the long growth cycle of peppers cultivated over the winter, low temperature and high humidity in winter, peppers are prone to gray mold and blight. Appropriate sparse planting can improve ventilation and light transmission, reduce humidity in the greenhouse, improve photosynthesis efficiency, reduce the occurrence of diseases, reduce production costs, and increase yield and output value. After testing, the reasonable density of peppers cultivated over the winter is about 2,000 plants / mu.

[0032] Preferably, as an improvement, field management is included after planting, and the contents are as follows: from August to September, open the canopy and cover with a sunshade net in time to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 25°C to 30°C and the relative humidity at 55% to 60%, and apply fertilizer and water for the second time in time. The fertilizer is a high-potassium water-soluble nutrient fertilizer to ensure the normal growth of peppers; from October to December, seal the greenhouse film, and also seal the greenhouse with a film on all sides to keep warm and prevent frost damage; at this stage, attention should be paid to pepper virus diseases, blight, aphids, thrips, and whiteflies. After discovery, comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out using physical methods and biological pesticides.

[0033] Preferably, as an improvement, the mass ratio of elements in the high-potassium water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P:K=14:14:30, and the mass ratio of elements in the high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P:K=32:10:10; the mass concentration of the fertilizer when fertilizing water is 0.15% to 0.2%.

[0034] Beneficial effects: As a whole, this scheme effectively accelerates the maturity of peppers by selecting early-maturing varieties, combining warm water gibberellin for seed soaking and seedling cultivation, and applying fertilizers with different nutritional compositions in the vegetative growth and flowering and fruiting stages, so as to harvest 15-20 days in advance, effectively fill the market gap caused by the low yield of conventional peppers due to high temperature and heavy pests and diseases in mid-to-late September, and effectively increase the income of peppers. The applicant found through long-term experiments that if the element content of the fertilizer applied in each stage is the same (such as 15-15-15), the peppers will grow too vigorously or grow weakly due to the differences in the large elements required at different stages of the growth period of peppers, and it is also easy to cause flowers and fruits to fall off; if the amount of fertilizer is too high, the pepper seedlings will grow weakly or be damaged by fertilizer due to soil salinization and compaction, reducing the yield and quality. If the amount of fertilizer is too low, the peppers will grow slowly and the yield will be reduced due to insufficient nutrition such as large elements.

[0035] Preferably, as an improvement, after the first season of pepper (ii) is picked, including from December to early February of the following year to protect the seedlings from wintering, plant ash and / or quicklime are placed in the shed to reduce humidity; the time of opening the shed is reduced, and the shed is opened at noon on sunny days to assist in dehumidification, and kept closed at other times, and the temperature in the shed is maintained at 10°C to 15°C, and the humidity is maintained at 70% to 80%.

[0036] Beneficial effects: The above-mentioned setting is adopted in this scheme, which helps to reduce consumption and improve the success rate of pepper seedling preservation overwintering. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if the humidity is too high during the seedling preservation overwintering stage, gray mold and blight will occur more frequently, resulting in reduced production; if the temperature is too low, the growth point and leaves of the pepper will be frozen, resulting in seedling death and reduced production.

[0037] Preferably, as an improvement, after (iii) pruning and regeneration, fertilizer and water are applied in time, and the fertilizer used is a high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer; at this stage, attention should be paid to pepper virus diseases, blight, aphids, thrips, and whiteflies. After discovery, comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out by combining physical methods and biological pesticides.

[0038] Technical effect: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned setting, which is convenient for adding fertilizer and water to the regenerated pepper plants, promoting their recovery and growth, and improving the growth and yield of peppers.

[0039] Preferably, as an improvement, the pepper variety is a pepper variety that is resistant to weak light, has good cold resistance, is early maturing or early to medium maturing, and has small to medium fruit. As a reference, select thin-skinned lantern pepper varieties such as Xulong or Yujiao No. 13; select line pepper varieties Jiachang No. 16, Yanjiao No. 11 or Yanjiao No. 15.

[0040] Technical effect: Since the winter temperature in Chongqing is low and the sunshine is low, it is not conducive to the growth of peppers. Choosing early-maturing and low-temperature and weak-light-resistant varieties is conducive to the growth, flowering and fruiting of pepper plants, and obtaining higher yields. The pepper varieties selected in this scheme have all undergone 3-4 years of experiments. Among them, the line pepper varieties such as Jiachang No. 16, Yanjiao No. 11, Yanjiao No. 15, and pepper varieties such as Xulong and Yujiao No. 13 are early-maturing or early-medium-maturing, small and medium-sized fruit types. Fresh green peppers are harvested and have strong resistance to low temperature and weak light. According to this scheme, ideal yields and benefits can be obtained. The applicant found through long-term experiments that if medium-maturing (or medium-late maturing), large-fruited, and low-temperature and weak-light-intolerant varieties are selected, the first season harvest will be delayed, many seedlings will die overwintering, the second season harvest will also be delayed, and the commerciality of pepper fruits will be reduced (deformed fruits will increase). The result is a shortened harvest time, reduced yield, poor commerciality, and low planting efficiency.

[0041] This plan effectively advances the first pepper harvest time by combining early-maturing or early-mid-maturing pepper varieties, appropriate seed soaking and seedling raising, and appropriate water and fertilizer management at each stage, so that peppers can be picked and put on the market in mid-September when conventional pepper production cannot keep up, effectively supplying the market, increasing the selling price of peppers, and thereby increasing overall profits.

[0042] In summary, this plan optimizes seedling raising, planting, and picking strategies, and rushes to pick and market peppers in mid-to-late September when conventional pepper production cannot keep up, effectively supplies the market, and increases the selling price of peppers; and after the first season of harvest, the pruning and regeneration time is optimized and the pruning and regeneration operation is optimized, which effectively increases the regeneration speed of pepper plants and accelerates their fruiting speed, so that the second season of pepper harvesting time is advanced, which can not only fill the market gap, but also effectively increase the income of pepper farmers. This plan not only achieves the double harvest of peppers in autumn and winter and the following spring, but also effectively utilizes idle greenhouse facilities in winter, promotes the development of agricultural facility resource utilization technology, and is of great significance for taking into account the resource utilization of idle agricultural facilities and reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a site photo of pepper seedling cultivation covered by a shade net in Example 7 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a field picture of cultivating pepper seedlings in Example 7 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is the fruiting situation of peppers in the first season in Example 7 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a scene diagram of pepper pruning in Example 7 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is the situation in the greenhouse after pepper pruning in Example 7 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6The second season growth and fruiting conditions of peppers in Example 7 of the present invention are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples and experimental examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0050] Program Overview

[0051] Pepper varieties tested: Jiachang No. 6, Jiachang No. 16 and Xulong pepper seeds were all purchased from Huaibei Kubota Seed Co., Ltd., and Yanjiao No. 11, Yanjiao No. 13 and Yujiao No. 13 pepper seeds were all purchased from Chongqing Keguang Seedling Co., Ltd.

[0052] Test site: Select an area with an altitude of less than 500 meters, a short low temperature (-5°C) time (no more than 7-10 days in total), and require loose and fertile soil with a pH value of 6.25-7.21. For reference, this scheme specifically selects Youyang County Qiangmao Vegetable Planting Professional Cooperative (Examples 1-3, Example 7, Comparative Examples 2-7), Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences Experimental Base (Examples 4-6), and Bishan District Qitang Town Xiguan Village (Examples 8-9).

[0053] Peat: Peat soil imported from Denmark; Vermiculite specification: 1mm~3mm; Perlite specification: 2mm~4mm;

[0054] The integrated water and fertilizer facility uses a proportional mixing pump TF10.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] This scheme provides a double-harvest cultivation method for off-season peppers, comprising the following steps:

[0057] (1) Pepper seedling raising and planting: from July to August, pepper seedling raising and planting are completed;

[0058] (1) Seedling cultivation: Seedling cultivation is carried out in greenhouse cold bed plug tray substrate, including the following contents:

[0059] S1. Seed selection and seed soaking: The pepper varieties are selected to be weak light resistant, cold resistant, early maturing or early to medium maturing, and medium to small fruit types. As a reference, this scheme specifically selects thin-skinned lantern pepper varieties such as Xulong or Yujiao No. 13, and selects line pepper varieties such as Jiazhang No. 16, Yanjiao No. 11 or Yanjiao No. 15; specifically, the pepper variety in this embodiment is Jiazhang No. 6 (line pepper).

[0060] The scheme also provides a pepper seed soaking method, which includes the following contents: the pepper seeds are soaked in warm water at 50°C to 60°C for 30 minutes, then soaked in a 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 8 hours, then rinsed with distilled water for 3 times, and the seeds are dried; the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 25°C to 30°C.

[0061] S2. Prepare nutrient soil: mix peat, vermiculite, perlite and garden soil in a volume ratio of 3:1:1:1 to form a seedling medium, then mix the seedling medium with Stanley Sanan compound fertilizer 15-15-15 (NPK) in a weight ratio of 100:1 to form nutrient soil, spray 400mL-500mL of 50 times 40% formalin per cubic meter of nutrient soil, stir evenly and pile it flat, seal it with plastic film for more than 48 hours, and set aside;

[0062] S3. Sowing: In mid-to-late July, in a plastic greenhouse covered with a shade net, sow the soaked and disinfected pepper seeds in 50-72-hole PS hard plug trays filled with nutrient soil. When raising seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse should be maintained at 25℃~30℃.

[0063] The scheme also provides a pepper seedling raising method in plug trays, comprising the following steps: substrate humidity of 60-70%; pressing the tray after filling with the substrate to form a sowing hole 0.5-1 cm below the hole opening; sowing 1-2 seeds in each hole (the proportion of sowing 2 seeds is about 20%), and covering with 0.5-1 cm of substrate after sowing; after watering thoroughly, covering with a film to retain water, and when 50-60% of the seeds emerge from the soil, promptly uncovering the film to avoid burning the seedlings at high temperature; when transplanting, one seedling per hole.

[0064] After the seedlings emerge, pay attention to moisture removal and heat preservation, increase ventilation time appropriately, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse at around 25°C. The main diseases of pepper seedlings are damping-off, damping-off and gray mold, which can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.

[0065] When the seedlings are 30 to 35 days old and have grown 8 to 9 true leaves, they can be transplanted at the right time.

[0066] (2) Planting: including the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Prepare the land and make beds: prepare the land 20 days before transplanting, apply 200 catties of quicklime per mu to disinfect the soil, adjust the soil pH, apply 500 kg of Ezhou Ecological Engineering X3 series biological organic fertilizer per mu, apply 50 kg of Stanley Sanan compound fertilizer 19-19-19 per mu, deep plow and harrow, open beds at 1.3m to 1.4m, with a bed height of 15cm to 20cm, a bed width of 70cm, a bed ditch width of 60cm, and a ditch depth of 18cm to 22cm. Cover the ditch and beds with film and set aside;

[0068] Step 2: Planting: Plant 1,800 to 2,000 plants per mu, plant single plants in double rows, with a plant spacing of 45 cm to 55 cm and a row spacing of 45 cm to 55 cm.

[0069] Step 3: Water and fertilizer management: Immediately after planting, use the integrated water and fertilizer facility to irrigate the roots once, and apply the first fertilizer water through the integrated water and fertilizer facility after 10 to 15 days. The fertilizer is a high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.15% to 0.2%. As a reference, this plan specifically uses Anmuge's macronutrient water-soluble nutrient fertilizer high-nitrogen 32-10-10 (NPK).

[0070] Step 4: Lighting and insect prevention management: Cover the greenhouse with a shade net with a 60% shading rate and use 40-60 mesh insect-proof nets around the greenhouse for protection.

[0071] (3) Field management:

[0072] From August to September, open the canopy and cover the sunshade net in time to keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 25℃~30℃ and the relative humidity at 55%~60%. Apply the second fertilizer in time. The fertilizer is a high-potassium water-soluble nutrient fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.15%~0.2% to ensure the normal growth of peppers. As a reference, this plan specifically uses Stanley's macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer high-potassium 14-14-30 (NPK). From October to December, seal the greenhouse film, and also seal the greenhouse with film around to keep warm and prevent frost damage; at this stage, attention should be paid to pepper virus diseases, blight, aphids, thrips, and whiteflies. After discovery, comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out in combination with physical methods and biological pesticides.

[0073] (II) The first season for picking peppers is from mid-September to mid-November; from late November to December, they are harvested in time according to market conditions. Since the temperature is relatively low from late November to December, the green peppers can stay on the plants for a long time and will not become overripe, so the harvesting time can be chosen flexibly; if the peppers stay on the plants for too long, they will rot due to freezing and chilling damage, affecting the quality of the peppers.

[0074] From December to early February of the following year, the seedlings should be kept overwintered. The time of opening the shed should be reduced. The shed should be opened at noon on sunny days to dehumidify. The shed should be kept closed at other times. The temperature in the shed should be kept at 10℃~15℃ and the humidity should be kept at 70%~80%.

[0075] (III) Pepper pruning and regeneration: the first pruning is carried out in mid-February of the following year. Pruning is carried out in sunny weather. Between the second branch (where the pepper grows) and the fourth branch of the pepper plant, 3 to 5 healthy young branches are retained. The remaining young branches are evenly distributed around, and the branches in the center are not retained. All other old branches are cut off; after pruning, use chlorothalonil fumigant to sterilize once in time to avoid wound infection. Then, apply fertilizer and water in time (as a reference, you can use Anmuge macronutrient water-soluble nutrient fertilizer high nitrogen type 32-10-10, with a mass concentration of 0.15% to 0.2%); the second pruning is carried out in mid-to-late March. Wipe off axillary buds, weak branches, diseased branches, and diseased leaves on sunny days. After pruning, it is also necessary to use chlorothalonil fumigant to sterilize once in time to avoid wound infection.

[0076] During this stage, attention should be paid to aphids, thrips, epidemic diseases, and viral diseases. Once discovered, comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out using a combination of physical methods and biological pesticides.

[0077] (IV) The second season for picking peppers is from mid-April to late June of the following year. The time for picking and pulling out the vines can be adjusted according to market conditions.

[0078] Embodiments 2 to 9

[0079] The difference between Examples 2 to 9 and Example 1 is that the pepper varieties selected are, in order, Jiachang No. 16, Yanjiao No. 11, Yanjiao No. 13, Yujiao No. 13, Xulong, Jiachang No. 16, Yujiao No. 13 and Xulong.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] The conventional spring planting method in Chongqing is adopted, that is, planting in March and harvesting from May to July.

[0082] In this comparison, due to heavy rain, continuous high temperature and other weather conditions in Chongqing this year, the yield of conventionally grown peppers has dropped significantly and the price has rebounded.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the pepper seeds are soaked in warm water at 50°C to 60°C for 30 minutes and then soaked in water at room temperature for 12 hours. At the same time, pruning is carried out from December to January of the following year, and all branches above four gate buckets are cut off.

[0085] Comparative Example 3

[0086] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the pepper seeds are soaked in warm water at 50°C to 60°C for 30 minutes and then soaked in water at room temperature for 12 hours. At the same time, all small branches are cut off in late February, leaving only the main trunk for pruning, and all small side branches below the main trunk branches are pruned in summer.

[0087] Comparative Example 4

[0088] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the seedlings are grown in nutrient pots. At the same time, all the twigs are cut off in late February, only the main trunk is kept for pruning, and all the small side branches below the main trunk branches are pruned off in summer.

[0089] Comparative Example 5

[0090] The difference between this comparative example and embodiment 7 is that the seedlings are grown in nutrient pots. At the same time, the branches are pruned from December to January of the following year, and all branches above four gate buckets are cut off.

[0091] Comparative Example 6

[0092] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that floating seedling cultivation is adopted. At the same time, all twigs are cut off in late February, only the main trunk is retained for pruning, and all small side branches below the main trunk branches are pruned off in summer.

[0093] Comparative Example 7

[0094] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that floating seedling cultivation is adopted. At the same time, pruning is adopted from December to January of the following year, and all branches above four gate buckets are cut off.

[0095] Among them, comparison examples 2 to 7 were all completed in the greenhouse in 2023-2024.

[0096] Experimental Example 1: Pepper output value in this scheme

[0097] The cost, output (total output), selling price (average), and per-acre income of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 1 were compared, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0098]

[0099] Experimental data show that the off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method in this plan can effectively increase the off-season pepper yield, especially in 2023-2024, with an average yield of more than 3,300 kg per mu, an average price of 3.60-4.00 yuan per catty, and an output value of 25,000 yuan per mu, significantly increasing the economic benefits of pepper farmers. At the same time, this plan also provides a new technical solution for the winter cultivation of peppers in Chongqing and similar regions in China, improves the winter utilization rate of greenhouse facilities, improves the benefits of vegetable cultivation, and ensures the balance of pepper supply and demand in this region.

[0100] Experimental Example 2: The test results of various indicators during the pepper planting process in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2 to 7 are shown in Table 2.

[0101]

[0102] Experimental data show that this solution, by soaking pepper seeds in warm water first and then in gibberellin, loosens the seed coat barrier with warm water, facilitates gibberellin to enter the seed coat and directly act on the seed buds, which not only effectively improves the germination rate of pepper seed seedlings, but also effectively shortens the germination cycle, shortens the seedling age, and improves production efficiency. Moreover, the method of "first soaking in warm water, then soaking in gibberellin" in this solution can achieve good results even when the gibberellin soaking time is short. Compared with the method of "first soaking in gibberellin, then soaking in warm water", it can also effectively reduce the amount of gibberellin used and reduce costs.

[0103] When optimizing the double harvest method of pepper, the applicant found that the pepper seed soaking method and seedling raising method in the seedling raising stage, and the pruning time and pruning method in the pruning stage will significantly affect the growth state and yield of pepper. Specifically, when the method of "warm water soaking for 30 minutes and normal temperature water soaking for 12 hours" is adopted for soaking (such as comparative examples 2 to 3), the seedling rate and strong seedling rate of pepper seedlings are significantly reduced, which reduces the quality of seedling raising; and the number of days for seedling raising is also extended, thereby extending the pepper planting cycle, and then delaying the first pepper harvest time. The inventor analyzed that the reason is that warm water soaking effectively loosens the seed coat barrier, and the subsequent normal temperature water soaking can achieve a certain degree of germination promotion effect, but the lack of gibberellin stimulation reduces the overall germination rate of pepper seeds and prolongs the seedling cycle. However, the use of nutrient pot seedlings (such as comparative examples 4 to 5) or floating seedlings (such as comparative examples 6 to 7) will prolong the seedling cycle and delay the first harvest time, and floating seedlings will also form leggy seedlings, which are not strong and solid, but reduce the yield. Specifically, when floating seedlings are used, due to the high temperature and strong light during sowing and seedling raising, it is easy to form leggy seedlings, which will reduce the yield by more than 20%; when seedlings are raised in nutrient pots, not only is the seedling raising cycle long, but compared with plug tray seedlings, its substrate consumption and labor will increase, resulting in high costs; in addition, the number of seedlings per unit area of ​​the seedbed in nutrient pots will be 20-30% less than that in plug trays, increasing space costs.

[0104] In the pruning stage, when the pruning method of "pruning from December to January of the following year, cutting off all branches above the four gate bucket" is adopted (such as comparative examples 2, 5, and 7), the "small seedlings" are overwintered, which is prone to increase the incidence rate due to slow wound healing, and the wintering death rate will also increase significantly. When the pruning method of "cutting off all small branches in late February, only retaining the main trunk, and pruning all small side branches below the main trunk branches in summer" is adopted (such as comparative examples 3, 4, and 6), even if the "large seedlings" are overwintered, the pruning method retains all the main trunks, which will be too dense, resulting in an increase in the incidence rate, an increase in the wintering death rate, and a greater tendency to deformed fruits, which reduces the overall quality of peppers.

[0105] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating off-season peppers in double harvest, characterized in that: The steps include: (I) Pepper seedling raising and planting: From July to August, pepper seedling raising and planting are completed; the method of soaking pepper seeds before seedling raising is as follows: pepper seeds are soaked in warm water at 50℃~60℃ for 30min, then soaked in 200mg / L gibberellin solution for 8h, then rinsed with distilled water for 3 times, and the seeds are dried; (ii) Peppers are picked in the first season, harvested in time from mid-September to mid-November, and harvested in time from late November to December according to market conditions; (III) Pepper pruning and regeneration: In mid-February of the following year, choose sunny weather to prune. Keep 3 to 5 healthy shoots between the second fork (where the pepper grows) and the fourth fork of the pepper plant. The remaining shoots are evenly distributed around the plant, and the branches in the center are not kept. All other old branches are cut off. In mid-to-late March, remove axillary buds, weak branches, diseased branches, and diseased leaves on sunny days. (IV) The second season for picking peppers is from mid-April to late June of the following year. The time for picking and pulling out the vines can be adjusted according to market conditions.

2. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In (I) raising pepper seedlings and planting, the seedling raising is greenhouse cold bed plug tray substrate raising, including the following steps: in mid-to-late July, in a plastic greenhouse covered with a sunshade net, sow the pepper seeds that have been soaked and disinfected in 50-72-hole PS hard plug trays filled with nutrient soil, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 25℃~30℃ during seedling raising; when the seedlings are 30d~35d old and the seedlings have grown 8~9 true leaves, they can be transplanted on the right day.

3. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nutrient soil comprises the following raw materials in proportion by mass: 100 parts of seedling medium and 1 part of compound fertilizer; calculated by volume, the seedling medium is peat: vermiculite: perlite: garden soil = 3:1:1:1, and the compound fertilizer is a potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, calculated by mass ratio, N:P:K = 15:15:15; the garden soil is soil from a plot where no Solanaceae vegetable crops have been planted before and which has few pathogens and insect eggs.

4. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the nutrient soil is mixed, it also includes sterilization treatment, including the following: spray 400mL~500mL of 50 times diluted 40% formalin per cubic meter of nutrient soil, stir it evenly and flatten it, seal it with plastic film for more than 48 hours and set aside.

5. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In (i) raising pepper seedlings and planting, the planting includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the land for the bed: disinfect the soil with quicklime, adjust the soil pH, and apply fertilizer to increase soil fertility. Then, deep plow and harrow the soil. Dig a bed of 1.3m to 1.4m, with a bed height of 15cm to 20cm, a bed width of 70cm, a bed ditch width of 60cm, and a ditch depth of 18cm to 22cm. Cover the ditch and bed with film and set aside. Step 2: Planting: Plant 1,800 to 2,000 plants per mu, plant single plants in double rows, with a plant spacing of 45 cm to 55 cm and a row spacing of 45 cm to 55 cm. Step 3: Water and fertilizer management: Water once to establish roots immediately after transplanting, and apply the first fertilizer after 10 to 15 days. The fertilizer should be a high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer. Step 4: Lighting and insect prevention management: Cover the greenhouse with a shade net with a 60% shading rate and use 40-60 mesh insect-proof nets around the greenhouse for protection.

6. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After planting, field management is included, including the following: From August to September, open the canopy and cover with sunshade net in time, maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 25℃~30℃, and the relative humidity at 55%~60%, and apply the second fertilizer in time. The fertilizer should be high-potassium water-soluble nutrient fertilizer to ensure the normal growth of peppers; from October to December, seal the greenhouse film, and also seal the greenhouse with film on all sides to keep warm and prevent frost damage; at this stage, attention should be paid to pepper virus diseases, blight, aphids, thrips, and whiteflies. Once discovered, comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out using physical methods and biological pesticides.

7. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (ii) After the first season of pepper picking, including the period from December to early February of the following year to protect the seedlings from wintering, place wood ash and / or quicklime in the greenhouse to reduce humidity; reduce the time the shed is open, choose sunny noon to open the shed to assist in dehumidification, and keep it closed at other times, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 10℃~15℃, and the humidity at 70%~80%.

8. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (iii) After pruning and regeneration, apply fertilizer and water in time. The fertilizer used is high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer. At this stage, attention should be paid to pepper virus diseases, blight, aphids, thrips, and whiteflies. Once discovered, comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out using a combination of physical methods and biological pesticides.

9. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of elements in the high-potassium water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P:K=14:14:30, and the mass ratio of elements in the high-nitrogen water-soluble nutrient fertilizer is N:P:K=32:10:10; the mass concentration of the fertilizer when applying water is 0.15%-0.2%.

10. The off-season pepper double-harvest cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pepper varieties are those that are resistant to weak light, have good cold resistance, are early maturing or early to medium maturing, and have small to medium fruit types. As a reference, choose thin-skinned lantern pepper varieties such as Xulong or Yujiao No. 13; choose line pepper varieties such as Jiachang No. 16, Yanjiao No. 11 or Yanjiao No. 15.

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