Coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device and method, belongs to the technical field of mineral processing and resource recovery, and solves the problem that fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis is difficult to systematically develop. The device comprises a fluidized bed column, a filling medium, a slurry supply unit, a water supply unit and a gas supply unit, the fluidized bed column comprises a barrel body, the filling medium is arranged in the barrel body, the volume of the filling medium is reduced from bottom to top in a layered mode, the slurry supply unit comprises a slurry mixing barrel and a first conveying pipeline, and the first conveying pipeline is communicated with the slurry mixing barrel and the top of the barrel body; and the water supply unit is communicated with the air supply unit and then communicated with the lower part of the barrel body. According to the invention, the multi-element and multi-scale filling medium is adopted to disperse fluid and assist fluidization, and is limited between the two screens, so that the use amount of clear water and materials is reduced, a fluidized bed column separation dynamic test is optimized from the aspect of structure, the follow-up wastewater treatment amount of coarse grain mineral fluidized bed column separation of an actual separation plant is reduced, and the production cost is reduced. And the production cost of a selection plant is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mineral processing and resource recovery, and in particular to a coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of global resource competition, how to efficiently develop and utilize coal and mineral resources plays an extremely important role in ensuring a country's energy supply security and promoting the development of emerging industries. In the context of declining ore quality, increasing mining costs and more complex process flows, traditional flotation technology can no longer meet the needs of modern mineral processing. In particular, in the context of promoting the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, reducing energy consumption and emissions in mineral processing plants has become a pressing issue. Coarse-grained fluidized bed column sorting technology is gradually becoming a research focus due to its significant potential in reducing energy consumption and tailings resource utilization. Compared with the traditional method of relying on photoelectric beneficiation and gravity sorting to process large ores, the emergence of fluidized bed column sorting technology makes it possible to efficiently sort millimeter-level materials, opening up a new path for deep pre-selection and abandonment of low-grade mineral resources.

[0003] Fluidized bed column separation dynamics is a science that studies the movement of particles in the fluidized bed separation process. It involves the movement, interaction and dynamic relationship of particles with the fluid in the fluidized bed. It mainly focuses on how particles are separated under the action of the fluid in the fluidized bed separation process. Based on the density difference of particles, heavier particles will sink, while lighter particles will be carried away by the rising fluid, thus achieving effective separation of gangue and valuable minerals.

[0004] At present, the research on fluidized bed column sorting is mainly focused on the sorting effect. The bed stability in the sorting process, the setting of gas and water speeds and other issues have not been widely studied in the sorting process. At the same time, due to the lack of kinetic test methods and equipment, it is difficult to carry out kinetic tests in a systematic manner, and thus they are ignored in the field of coarse-grained mineral sorting. On the one hand, this leads to the need for continuous exploration of the sorting process technology and equipment structure in the coarse-grained mineral sorting and pre-discarding processes of actual concentrators, resulting in low efficiency. On the other hand, it also leads to the unreasonable design of the reagent system and the adjustment of the sorting process parameters based on human experience, making it difficult to achieve an efficient, green and economical sorting process. Therefore, fluidized bed column sorting test (analysis) methods and equipment are urgently needed to be developed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device and method, so as to solve the problem that the existing fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis is difficult to be systematically carried out.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device, comprising a fluidized bed column, a filling medium, a slurry supply unit, a water supply unit and an air supply unit, the fluidized bed column comprising a barrel body, the filling medium being arranged in the barrel body, the volume of the filling medium decreasing in layers from bottom to top, the slurry supply unit comprising a slurry mixing barrel and a first conveying pipeline, the first conveying pipeline connecting the slurry mixing barrel and the top of the barrel body, the water supply unit being connected to the air supply unit and then connected to the lower part of the barrel body.

[0007] Furthermore, the fluidized bed column further comprises a first screen and a second screen arranged in parallel, and the first screen and the second screen are both arranged in the barrel body.

[0008] Furthermore, the filling medium is arranged between the first screen and the second screen.

[0009] Furthermore, the fluidized bed column also includes a water distribution plate, and the water distribution plate is arranged below the second screen.

[0010] Furthermore, the water supply unit includes a replenishing water bucket, a centrifugal pump and a second delivery pipeline, one end of the second delivery pipeline is connected to the replenishing water bucket, and the other end is connected to the water distribution plate, and the centrifugal pump is arranged on the second delivery pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the water supply unit also includes a liquid flow meter and a bubble generator, and the liquid flow meter and the bubble generator are both arranged on the second delivery pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, the air supply unit includes an air pump, a third delivery pipeline and a gas flow meter, one end of the third delivery pipeline is connected to the air pump, and the other end is connected to the bubble generator, and the gas flow meter is arranged on the third delivery pipeline.

[0013] Furthermore, the slurry supply unit also includes a slurry pump arranged on the first conveying pipeline.

[0014] Furthermore, the fluidized bed column also includes a concentrate collecting trough and a tailings collecting cone, and the concentrate collecting trough and the tailings collecting cone are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the barrel body.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for analyzing the kinetics of coarse particle fluidized bed column separation, using the above-mentioned analysis device to perform kinetics analysis of the coarse particle fluidized bed column separation.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention adopts multi-element and multi-scale pre-filling media to disperse fluid and assist fluidization, avoiding the problem of water distribution plate clogging caused by mineral particle sedimentation, and enhancing the reliability and durability of the equipment; at the same time, the upper and lower screens are used to limit the multi-scale filling media to occupy a certain volume of space, reducing the amount of clean water and materials used, optimizing the fluidized bed column sorting kinetics test from a structural perspective, reducing the subsequent wastewater treatment volume of coarse-grained mineral fluidized bed column sorting in the actual concentrator, and saving the production cost of the concentrator.

[0018] (2) The present invention uses an air pump to adjust the air intake speed. The gas enters the column after cavitation through the Venturi tube (bubble generator). The multi-scale pre-filling medium dynamically regulates the bubble-carrying clean water entering from the water distribution plate, realizing uniform fluid distribution and strengthening the stability of the fluidized sorting environment. The rough cracks on the surface of the particles in the slurry provide a large number of cavitation sites for the formation of bubbles, thereby significantly improving the cavitation efficiency; compared with the traditional single water distribution plate structure, the pores formed between the high-density coarse-grained filling medium help further disperse the bubbles, delay the rising rate of the bubbles, increase the contact probability between the particles and the bubbles, and facilitate the bubbles to adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic particles, enhance the density difference between them and the hydrophilic gangue, and improve the sorting effect; the low-density fine-grained filling medium can respond to the change of fluid velocity, dynamically adjust its own position, eliminate the negative impact of uneven radial velocity distribution, ensure the balance and stability of the flow velocity of the entire column section, and realize the construction and stabilization of the flow field sorting environment of the coarse-grained fluidized bed column sorting dynamics test, which provides a certain reference for extending the service life of the on-site coarse-grained mineral column sorting production equipment.

[0019] (3) The present invention adds a frother for pre-water circulation and adds a collector for pre-stirring and slurry adjustment. During the fluidized bed column sorting kinetic test, the hydrophobic particles and bubbles complete countercurrent mineralization, which accelerates the sorting rate, indirectly reduces the time and power consumption required for the test, and finally effectively separates the useful minerals and gangue particles according to the difference in particle density. The concentrate samples are collected within different set time intervals, and the final parameter detection is carried out after drying and other steps to complete the quantitative research and analysis of the selectivity and sorting rate of coarse-grained mineral particles, which helps to better understand the behavior of the coarse-grained mineral flotation process. Based on the conclusions of the column sorting kinetic test under different conditions, the optimal sorting conditions (such as pulp concentration, reagent dosage, etc.) can be determined, which is convenient for optimizing the process parameters in the actual concentrator, improving the flotation recovery rate of coarse-grained minerals, reducing energy consumption and reagent consumption, and providing support for the concentrator to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement and green production.

[0020] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages can become obvious from the description, or can be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device of a specific embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the second delivery pipeline and the water distribution plate in a specific embodiment;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cumulative recovery rate variation trend of kinetic tests of chalcopyrite and pyrite in a specific embodiment;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the asymptote of the kinetics of fluidized bed column separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite in a specific embodiment;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the final cumulative recovery rate and K value of chalcopyrite and pyrite fluidized bed column separation at different collector dosages in a specific embodiment.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 1-fluidized bed column; 11-barrel body; 111-addition port; 12-first screen; 13-second screen; 14-concentrate collecting trough; 141-concentrate discharge pipe; 15-tailings collecting cone; 151-tailings discharge pipe; 152-accident discharge pipe; 16-pressure sensor; 17-water distribution plate; 2-filling medium; 3-slurry supply unit; 31-slurry mixing barrel; 32-slurry pump; 33-first conveying pipeline; 4-water supply unit; 41-addition water barrel; 42-centrifugal pump; 43-second conveying pipeline; 44-liquid flowmeter; 45-electrically controlled valve; 46-bubble generator; 5-air supply unit; 51-air pump; 52-third conveying pipeline; 53-gas flowmeter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A specific embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 As shown, a coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device is disclosed, comprising a fluidized bed column 1, a filling medium 2, a slurry supply unit 3, a water supply unit 4 and an air supply unit 5, wherein the filling medium 2 is arranged in the inner cavity of the fluidized bed column 1, the slurry supply unit 3 is connected with the top of the fluidized bed column 1, the water supply unit 4 is connected with the air supply unit 5 and then connected with the lower part of the inner cavity of the fluidized bed column 1, and the volume of the filling medium 2 increases layer by layer from the upper part to the lower part of the fluidized bed column 1.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the sorting kinetic analysis device provided in this embodiment adopts a multi-element and multi-scale filling medium 2 to dynamically regulate the fluid distribution, thereby enhancing the stability of the fluidized sorting environment and facilitating the high-precision recovery of coarse-grained minerals. The filling medium 2 disperses the fluid and assists fluidization, thereby effectively avoiding the blockage problem of the water distribution plate 17 caused by the sedimentation of mineral particles, thereby enhancing the reliability and durability of the equipment.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed column 1 comprises a barrel 11, preferably, the barrel 11 is a cylindrical barrel. The inner diameter of the barrel 11 is 80-100 mm, preferably 80 mm.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the filling medium 2 is arranged in the barrel 11. In order to limit the position of the filling medium 2 in the barrel 11, the fluidized bed column 1 further includes a first screen 12 and a second screen 13, the first screen 12 is arranged in the middle and upper part of the barrel 11, the second screen 13 is arranged in the middle and lower part of the barrel 11, the first screen 12 and the second screen 13 are arranged in parallel, and the filling medium 2 is arranged between the first screen 12 and the second screen 13. Preferably, the apertures of the first screen 12 and the second screen 13 are both 1 mm.

[0035] In this embodiment, the filling medium 2 is confined between the first screen 12 and the second screen 13, and between the first screen 12 and the second screen 13, the volume of the filling medium 2 increases from top to bottom, and the multi-scale filling medium 2 is used to dynamically control the fluid distribution, thereby strengthening the stability of the fluidized sorting environment. The filling medium 2 disperses the fluid and assists fluidization, effectively avoiding the blockage problem of the water distribution plate 17 caused by the sedimentation of mineral particles. At the same time, the upper and lower screens simultaneously restrict the multi-scale filling medium 2 to occupy a certain volume of space, reducing the amount of clean water and materials, optimizing the fluidized bed column 1 sorting kinetics test from a structural perspective, reducing the amount of wastewater treatment in the subsequent sorting of coarse-grained mineral fluidized bed columns in actual beneficiation plants, and saving the production cost of the beneficiation plant.

[0036] Considering the need to fill the barrel 11 with the filling medium 2, as Figure 1As shown, a adding port 111 is provided on the side wall of the barrel body 11 , and at least one adding port 111 is provided. When one adding port 111 is provided, the adding port 111 is provided close to the first screen 12 so that various filling media 2 can be filled into the barrel body 11 .

[0037] It should be noted that multiple addition ports 111 can also be set, and multiple addition ports 111 are set along the height of the barrel body 11. For example, the number of addition ports 111 is the same as the number of layers of the filling medium 2 or one less than the number of layers, so as to facilitate the filling of the filling medium 2.

[0038] It is worth noting that since the addition port 111 is opened on the side wall of the barrel body 11, and the flotation of the slurry is carried out in the barrel body 11, in order to prevent the slurry from flowing out of the addition port 111, a sealing cover should be provided at the addition port 111, and a sealing ring is provided in the addition port 111 or the sealing cover. When the sealing cover is covered, the sealing ring is pressed to achieve the sealing of the addition port 111.

[0039] Considering the collection of concentrates, e.g. Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed column 1 also includes a concentrate collecting trough 14, which is arranged at the top of the barrel body 11. The concentrate collecting trough 14 is provided with a concentrate discharge pipe 141. The concentrate produced after sorting floats to the concentrate collecting trough 14 on the top of the barrel body 11, and is finally discharged through the concentrate discharge pipe 141.

[0040] Considering the collection and discharge of tailings, Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed column 1 further includes a tailings collecting cone 15, which is disposed at the bottom of the barrel 11. The tailings collecting cone 15 may be an inverted cone structure or an inverted polygonal cone structure. Preferably, the tailings collecting cone 15 is an inverted cone structure, and the cone angle of the tailings collecting cone 15 is 10°-30°, preferably 15°.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a tailings discharge pipe 151 and an accident discharge pipe 152 are provided at the bottom of the tailings collecting cone 15. It can be understood that the tailings discharge pipe 151 and the accident discharge pipe 152 are both connected to the inner cavity of the tailings collecting cone 15. Preferably, the tailings discharge pipe 151 is concentrically arranged with the tailings collecting cone 15, and the accident discharge pipe 152 is arranged adjacent to the tailings discharge pipe 151, so as to discharge the mineral material in the tailings collecting cone 15.

[0042] In order to control the on-off of the tailings discharge pipe 151 and the accident discharge pipe 152, the fluidized bed column 1 further includes a first solenoid valve and a second solenoid valve, wherein the first solenoid valve is arranged on the tailings discharge pipe 151, and the second solenoid valve is arranged on the accident discharge pipe 152. The first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve control the on-off of the tailings discharge pipe 151 and the accident discharge pipe 152, respectively.

[0043] In order to monitor the pressure distribution in the barrel 11 during the sorting process, Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed column 1 also includes a pressure sensor 16, and a plurality of pressure sensors 16 are provided. The plurality of pressure sensors 16 are installed on the barrel body 11 at equal intervals from top to bottom. The number of pressure sensors 16 is generally 3-8, preferably 4. Two pressure sensors 16 are provided between the first screen 12 and the second screen 13, and one pressure sensor 16 is provided above the first screen 12 and below the second screen 13. In this embodiment, by providing a plurality of pressure sensors 16 on the barrel body 11, the pressure distribution in the barrel body 11 during the mineral sorting process can be monitored, so as to determine whether it is necessary to discharge ore or adjust equipment parameters.

[0044] It should be noted that the fluidized sorting process sets the rising water velocity (i.e., fluidized water velocity) according to the terminal settling velocity of the mineral particles to be sorted. The intermediate density particles with the same terminal settling velocity as the rising water velocity are suspended in the barrel 11 to form a fluidized bed. The low-density particles with a terminal settling velocity lower than the rising water velocity float up as concentrates and are discharged from the barrel 11 through the concentrate collecting trough 14. The high-density particles with a terminal settling velocity greater than the rising water velocity sink to the tailings collecting cone 15 as tailings and are discharged. The bed stability control during the sorting process is the core of fluidized flotation. The bed stability is usually characterized by the bed pressure, and the pressure is positively correlated with the bed thickness (i.e., the degree of material accumulation). In order to improve the monitoring accuracy, a plurality of pressure sensors 16 are installed at equal intervals from top to bottom on the barrel 11. During the fluidized sorting process, the bed stability is controlled by monitoring the pressure distribution in the bed. When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 16 is higher than the preset threshold, it indicates that the tailings are too accumulated and the tailings discharge pipe 151 needs to be opened to discharge the tailings; when the pressure is lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the tailings are discharged too fast and the tailings discharge pipe 151 needs to be closed to stop the discharge to avoid bed fluctuations. In addition, the sorting effect and bed stability can be optimized by adjusting equipment parameters such as water flow rate, feed rate, etc.

[0045] The filling medium 2 is usually spherical particles, and its type can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual sorting minerals and sorting density. It is generally resin (density about 1.2g / cm 3 ), quartz (density about 2.5g / cm 3 ), stainless steel (density about 7.8g / cm 3 ), copper (density about 8.96g / cm 3 ), etc., preferably resin and quartz form a multi-component auxiliary fluidization; the size (diameter) of the filling medium 2 is generally between 1-10 mm (needs to be larger than 1 mm to avoid leakage from the second screen 13), preferably 3, 5 and 8 mm three sizes to form a multi-gradient particle group for coordinated regulation. It should be noted that at least two different density particles are selected for the filling medium 2.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, for the multi-layer filling medium 2 in the barrel body 11, the filling medium 2 of the bottom layer is a filling medium with high-density large particles, the filling medium 2 of the middle layer is a filling medium with intermediate particles, and the filling medium 2 of the top layer is a filling medium with low-density fine particles. The pores formed between the high-density coarse-grained filling medium 2 are conducive to further dispersion of bubbles, slowing down the rising rate of bubbles, increasing the chance of contact between particles and bubbles, and facilitating the attachment of bubbles to the surface of hydrophobic particles, thereby enhancing the density difference between them and hydrophilic gangue and improving the sorting effect; the low-density fine-grained filling medium 2 can respond to changes in fluid velocity, dynamically adjust its own position, eliminate the negative impact of uneven radial velocity distribution, and ensure the balance and stability of the flow velocity of the entire column section.

[0047] In this embodiment, the high-density coarse-grained filling medium 2 is located at the bottom layer. These particles are generally not completely fluidized, but the pores formed between them help to further disperse the bubbles, slow down the rising rate of the bubbles, increase the chances of contact between the particles and the bubbles, and facilitate the bubbles to adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic particles, thereby enhancing the density difference between them and the hydrophilic gangue and improving the sorting effect; the low-density fine-grained filling medium 2 is located in the upper layer and is in a critical fluidized state. It can respond to changes in fluid velocity and dynamically adjust its own position to eliminate the negative impact of uneven radial velocity distribution and ensure the balance and stability of the flow velocity of the entire column section. The two densities of the intermediate-sized particle filling medium 2 form a transition from bottom to top. This gradual transition is conducive to improving the stability of the entire system and avoiding the decrease in sorting efficiency due to sudden changes in the fluidization state. This arrangement makes full use of the natural stratification effect of the particles, improves the sorting efficiency and the stability of the fluidized bed.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the slurry supply unit 3 includes a slurry mixing barrel 31, a slurry pump 32 and a first conveying pipeline 33. One end of the first conveying pipeline 33 is connected to the slurry mixing barrel 31, and the other end is connected to the upper inner cavity of the barrel body 11. The slurry pump 32 is arranged on the first conveying pipeline 33. The slurry in the slurry mixing barrel 31 enters the barrel body 11 through the slurry pump 32 and the first conveying pipeline 33.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the water supply unit 4 includes a water supply bucket 41, a centrifugal pump 42 and a second delivery pipeline 43. One end of the second delivery pipeline 43 is connected to the water supply bucket 41, and the other end is connected to the water distribution plate 17 arranged in the barrel body 11. The water distribution plate 17 is arranged below the second screen 13. The centrifugal pump 42 is arranged on the second delivery pipeline 43.

[0050] To monitor the flow of water, Figure 1As shown, the water supply unit 4 further includes a liquid flow meter 44, which is disposed on the second delivery pipeline 43. In order to control the on-off of the second delivery pipeline 43, the water supply unit 4 further includes an electric control valve 45, which is disposed on the second delivery pipeline 43. The water supply unit 4 further includes a bubble generator 46, which is disposed on the second delivery pipeline 43.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the air supply unit 5 includes an air pump 51 , a third delivery pipeline 52 and a gas flow meter 53 . One end of the third delivery pipeline 52 is connected to the air pump 51 , and the other end is connected to the bubble generator 46 . The gas flow meter 53 is arranged on the third delivery pipeline 52 .

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Another specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a kinetic analysis method for coarse particle fluidized bed column separation, using the kinetic analysis device of Example 1, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Close the tailings discharge pipe 151 and the accident discharge pipe 152 , and fill the barrel 11 with the filling medium 2 .

[0055] Specifically, the tailings discharge pipe 151 and the accident discharge pipe 152 are closed respectively by the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve to prevent accidental leakage of the mineral particles to be sorted. The filling medium 2 is filled through the addition port 111. The filling medium 2 is added in sequence, following the principle of "high density first and low density, large size first and small size", and the addition port 111 is closed after completion. The particle size ratio of the filling medium 2 is generally set to 2:3:4 or 1:2:3, preferably 1:2:3.

[0056] In this embodiment, two densities of filling medium 2 particles are used to assist fluidization, and each density particle is of three sizes: large, medium and small. The filling principle follows "high density first, low density second, coarse particles first, fine particles second". High-density coarse particles are located at the bottom layer. These particles are generally not completely fluidized. The pores formed between them help to further disperse the bubbles, slow down the rising rate of the bubbles, increase the chance of contact between particles and bubbles, and facilitate the attachment of bubbles to the surface of hydrophobic particles, thereby enhancing the density difference between them and hydrophilic gangue, and improving the sorting effect. Low-density fine particles are located at the top layer and are in a critical fluidization state. They can respond to changes in fluid velocity and dynamically adjust their own position to eliminate the negative impact of uneven radial velocity distribution, ensuring the balance and stability of the flow velocity of the entire column section. The intermediate-sized particles of the two densities transition from bottom to top, which is conducive to improving the stability of the overall system. This arrangement makes full use of the natural stratification effect of the particles, improves the sorting efficiency and the stability of the fluidized bed.

[0057] Step 2: Add frother to pre-fluidize the circulating water.

[0058] A foaming agent (the dosage is generally set to 5-15 mg / L, adjusted according to the bubble dispersion) is dripped into the water replenishing bucket 41 and enters the barrel body 11 together with clean water. The filling medium 2 between the first screen 12 and the second screen 13 is suspended to achieve a preliminary fluidized state. The filling medium 2 is naturally stratified due to differences in properties, and its spatial layout is adjusted to a balanced state. When the fluidized state of the filling medium 2 is stable (i.e., the indication of the pressure sensor 16 in the barrel body 11 has no obvious fluctuations), the electric control valve 45 is closed. The electric control valve 45 on the second delivery pipeline 43 is opened, and the clean water is pressurized by the centrifugal pump 42, and its speed is adjusted by the liquid flow meter 44. After passing through the bubble generator 46, it enters the barrel 11 through the water distribution plate 17 as a fluidized medium. The air pump 51 is turned on to adjust the air speed (the speed can be set at 0.2-0.6m / s, adjusted according to the sorting test conditions). The high-speed flowing clean water (the speed is set at 2.0-8.0m / s, adjusted according to the feed particle size range) cavitation occurs due to the throat negative pressure when passing through the bubble generator 46 to generate micro-nano-sized bubbles, enter the bottom of the barrel 11 through the water distribution plate 17, and diffuse from bottom to top in the barrel 11 space with the rising water flow. The foaming agent generally includes pine oil (No. 2 oil), methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), diethyl phthalate, and pine oil (No. 2 oil) is preferred.

[0059] Step 3: Add collector to pre-mix the slurry.

[0060] Add collectors to the mixing barrel 31 (the dosage is generally set to 200-800 mg / L, adjusted according to the specific sorting situation). Collectors generally include sodium ethyl xanthate, sodium isopropyl xanthate, sodium (potassium) butyl xanthate, sodium (potassium) isobutyl xanthate, etc., preferably sodium ethyl xanthate (ethyl xanthate). The feed particle size is initially set to -0.3mm (i.e. less than 0.3mm), 0.3-0.6mm, and 0.6-0.9mm for three samples to be tested. The slurry concentration is set to 30-40% based on relevant research (adjusted according to the specific test situation and mineral properties). After three minutes of mixing, open the pipeline valve of the mixing barrel 31, so that the primary slurry is pressurized by the slurry pump 32 and enters the interior of the barrel 11 from the first delivery pipeline 33 extending to the top of the barrel 11.

[0061] Step 4: Collection and processing of products.

[0062] The added water with micro-nano bubbles is used as a fluidizing medium to form a fluidized bed together with the filling medium 2. The particles to be sorted complete the sorting process by interfering with the sedimentation motion according to the Archimedean principle according to the density. The introduced bubbles will adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic particles to increase the density difference between them and the gangue particles. Among them, the pores formed between the high-density coarse-grained filling medium 2 help to further disperse the bubbles, slow down the rising rate of the bubbles, increase the chance of contact between the particles and the bubbles, and facilitate the bubbles to adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic particles, enhance the density difference between them and the hydrophilic gangue, and improve the sorting effect; the low-density fine-grained filling medium 2 can respond to the change of fluid velocity, dynamically adjust its position, eliminate the negative impact of uneven radial velocity distribution, and ensure the balance and stability of the flow velocity of the entire column section. The filling medium 2 of the intermediate size particles of the two densities forms a transition from bottom to top. This gradual transition is conducive to improving the stability of the entire system and avoiding the decrease in sorting efficiency due to sudden changes in the fluidization state. This arrangement makes full use of the natural stratification effect of the particles, improves the sorting efficiency and the stability of the fluidized bed.

[0063] The sorted concentrate particles float up and are collected through the concentrate collecting tank 14 to the concentrate discharge pipe 141 for discharge, and the tailing particles sink to the bottom of the fluidized bed. The tailing accumulation state is monitored in real time through the pressure sensor 16. When the pressure reaches the preset upper limit, the valve of the tailing discharge pipe 151 is automatically opened to discharge the tailings; when the pressure drops to the preset lower limit, the valve is closed to prevent excessive discharge from causing a sudden change in the fluidized bed pressure and ensure the stability of the fluidized bed.

[0064] It should be noted that the separation density of the bed can be adjusted by changing the type of filling medium 2 according to the properties of the feed and the actual test situation. For example, for high-density minerals (ρ>3.0g / cm 3 ), use high-density filling medium 2 (such as stainless steel, copper); for low-density minerals (ρ<3.0g / cm 3 ), a low-density filling medium 2 (such as resin, quartz) is selected. The filling medium 2 can be flexibly adjusted according to the physical and chemical properties of the actual separation test object, which is helpful for precise control of the bed density, creating different fluidized separation environments, and improving the adaptability of the fluidized bed separation column to the parameter changes in the fluidized bed column separation kinetic test process of coarse-grained minerals, providing a reference for the actual separation plant to achieve stable operation and precise control under parameter adjustment.

[0065] After adding the collector, the product received from the concentrate discharge pipe 141 within 30 seconds is A1, the product received within another 30 seconds is A2, the product received within another 1 minute is A3, the product received within another 1 minute is A4, and the product received within another 2 minutes is A5. The product receiving time is 5 minutes in total, and the fluidized bed column 1 is counted as tailings and discharged from the tailings discharge pipe 151. After subsequent steps such as drying and shrinking of products A1-A5, parameters such as sample yield and grade are tested.

[0066] By testing the yield, grade and other sorting parameters of the above five products, on the one hand, the first-order kinetic equation of sorting time and cumulative flotation yield can be established, and the effective flotation time of the coarse-grained mineral can be obtained based on the analysis of the drawn kinetic curve. According to the sorting kinetic constant under different conditions, that is, the flotation rate comparison, the optimal flotation time and reagent system are adjusted to improve the fluidized bed column sorting kinetic constant, and then the best sorting effect under the principle of maximum yield is obtained. On the other hand, through the grade and element detection results of the products in each continuous sorting time, the kinetic sorting rate curve of different elements in the coarse-grained mineral can be established, and the actual flotation order between the elements can be determined. At the same time, based on the actual on-site sorting requirements, the difference in sorting kinetic rates between different minerals and elements can be increased by adjusting the type of reagents and the order of addition, so as to achieve the effect of preferentially sorting a certain mineral and suppressing other minerals and improving the sorting accuracy. Based on this, the sorting kinetics can quantitatively analyze the fluidized bed column sorting effect of coarse-grained minerals, and realize the optimization and regulation of sorting results based on the directional adjustment of the sorting kinetics.

[0067] For example, the kinetics of fluidized bed column separation of chalcopyrite in a coarse-grained mineral are analyzed, as shown in Table 1, which are the parameters of five products of fluidized bed column separation of chalcopyrite in a coarse-grained mineral.

[0068] Table 1 Parameters of five products from the fluidized bed column separation of chalcopyrite from a coarse-grained mineral

[0069]

[0070] Note: Similarly, the parameters of five products of pyrite separation can be obtained based on the test results, which are not shown here as examples.

[0071] According to the parameters in Table 1, the cumulative recovery trend of chalcopyrite and pyrite kinetic test under certain flotation conditions can be obtained, such as Figure 3 As shown, the optimal flotation time under the flotation conditions can be determined by combining energy consumption, economic benefits, etc. The flotation rate process of the fluidized bed column separation kinetics test follows the following empirical rate equation (1), and studies have shown that the continuous flotation process in the laboratory small-scale flotation test can be simulated according to equation (1):

[0072] dR / dt=K(R ∞-R) / t (1)

[0073] The integral formula is: log[1 / (R ∞ -R)]=K log t+log A(2)

[0074] Where: R is the cumulative mineral flotation recovery rate when time equals t; R ∞ is the asymptote of R, representing the asymptotic value of the unknown maximum obtainable recovery rate of the floatable mineral, that is, the theoretical recovery rate or limit recovery rate that can be achieved in the process; K is the flotation rate coefficient, and its physical meaning is the rate at which the mineral reaches the maximum recovery rate during the flotation process, which can represent the flotation rate of the mineral; A is the intercept of the log-log curve at t=1.

[0075] Solving for R ∞ The method is a graphical trial and error method. ∞ Plot 1 / (R ∞- R) versus t. ∞ The value can be used to draw a straight line, and K is the slope of the straight line. K can also be calculated by equation (1). ∞ , K, and A are important parameters for studying the dynamic mechanism of rapid flotation, such as Figure 4 The following is a plot of 1 / (R ∞- The relationship curve of R) to t can be fitted to obtain a more accurate K value and the flotation rate coefficient under this condition. The flotation rate coefficient and the final cumulative recovery rate under other conditions can refer to the analysis process. Finally, the cumulative recovery rate and K value under different flotation conditions are counted and a curve is drawn for analysis, such as Figure 5 The flotation rate coefficient K value can be used to evaluate the influence of different collector dosages (different frother dosages, gas and water rates in the same way) on the kinetic effects of fluidized bed column flotation of chalcopyrite and pyrite in coarse-grained minerals. On the one hand, the optimal collector dosage (optimal frother dosage, gas and water rates in the same way) of the target mineral under the maximum cumulative recovery rate can be determined. On the other hand, the mineral sorting priority in the flotation process can be determined according to the changing trend of the flotation rate of each mineral in the flotation process, and the reagent system and process parameters such as gas and water rates can be adjusted to optimize the fluidized bed column sorting process for coarse-grained minerals.

[0076] In this embodiment, a curve of separation time and flotation cumulative yield is drawn according to the test results. Figure 3 , and according to formula (1) and (2), the flotation kinetic asymptote under this condition is calculated and plotted, and the asymptote slope K value is obtained by fitting, that is, the flotation rate coefficient under this flotation condition. According to the test results, a curve of separation time and flotation cumulative yield is plotted as follows: Figure 3It can be clearly seen that the growth trend of the curve gradually slows down, and there is basically no obvious increase in the later stage of flotation. Therefore, the time range with a high flotation recovery rate of the coarse-grained mineral can be determined, and the optimal flotation time can be determined based on comprehensive considerations from the perspectives of energy consumption and economic benefits; Figure 5 As described above, the influence of different collector dosages (different frother dosages, gas and water speeds) on the kinetic effect of fluidized bed column flotation of chalcopyrite and pyrite in coarse-grained minerals can be evaluated based on the variation trend of the flotation rate coefficient K value, and the kinetic effect of a certain target mineral (such as Figure 5 The best collector dosage (optimal frother dosage, gas and water speed are the same) of chalcopyrite in the sample. Figure 5 The flotation rate variation trend of chalcopyrite and pyrite under different collector dosages can be analyzed to obtain a set of parameters with large differences in the flotation rate constants of the two minerals under the influence of collector dosage conditions (the same applies to frother dosage, different gas and water rates). If the flotation rate of a coarse-grained mineral is larger, the coarse-grained mineral will be floated first, and then the other mineral will be sorted. If one of them is a gangue mineral, the two minerals can be effectively separated.

[0077] It should be noted that inhibitors can be introduced into the reagents for kinetic test verification, that is, on the basis of the original reagent system, inhibitors are added to inhibit the flotation of minerals at a certain stage of flotation, thereby reducing the flotation rate coefficient of this mineral under the flotation conditions, further increasing the difference in flotation rate coefficients of the two minerals under the flotation conditions, and improving the sorting accuracy. At the same time, the order of addition can be based on the flotation rate difference of the two minerals under certain flotation conditions. Minerals with a large flotation rate, such as chalcopyrite in the example, and reagents that inhibit the flotation of another mineral are added first. After a period of time (this time can refer to the optimal flotation time determined above), another coarse-grained mineral, such as pyrite in the example, is added for flotation, thereby realizing the regulation of the flotation order of coarse-grained minerals in the fluidized bed.

[0078] Through the above steps, qualitative and quantitative research on the sorting rate and selectivity of coarse-grained minerals was achieved, while taking into account the safety, flexibility and economy of the operation, providing advanced and systematic technical reference and guidance for the coarse-grained fluidized bed column sorting process and the selectivity research of coarse-grained ore.

[0079] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fluidized bed column (1), a filling medium (2), a slurry supply unit (3), a water supply unit (4) and an air supply unit (5); the fluidized bed column (1) comprises a barrel (11); the filling medium (2) is arranged in the barrel (11); the volume of the filling medium (2) decreases in layers from bottom to top; the slurry supply unit (3) comprises a slurry mixing barrel (31) and a first conveying pipeline (33); the first conveying pipeline (33) connects the slurry mixing barrel (31) and the top of the barrel (11); the water supply unit (4) is connected to the air supply unit (5) and then connected to the lower part of the barrel (11).

2. The coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized bed column (1) further comprises a first screen (12) and a second screen (13) which are arranged in parallel, and the first screen (12) and the second screen (13) are both arranged in the barrel body (11).

3. The coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filling medium (2) is arranged between the first screen (12) and the second screen (13).

4. The coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fluidized bed column (1) further comprises a water distribution plate (17), wherein the water distribution plate (17) is arranged below the second screen (13).

5. The coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water supply unit (4) comprises a replenishing water bucket (41), a centrifugal pump (42) and a second delivery pipeline (43); one end of the second delivery pipeline (43) is connected to the replenishing water bucket (41), and the other end is connected to the water distribution plate (17); the centrifugal pump (42) is arranged on the second delivery pipeline (43).

6. The coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water supply unit (4) further comprises a liquid flow meter (44) and a bubble generator (46), and the liquid flow meter (44) and the bubble generator (46) are both arranged on the second delivery pipeline (43).

7. The coarse particle fluidized bed column separation kinetic analysis device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air supply unit (5) comprises an air pump (51), a third delivery pipeline (52) and a gas flow meter (53); one end of the third delivery pipeline (52) is connected to the air pump (51), and the other end is connected to the bubble generator (46); the gas flow meter (53) is arranged on the third delivery pipeline (52).

8. The coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The slurry supply unit (3) also includes a slurry pump (32) arranged on the first conveying pipeline (33).

9. The coarse particle fluidized bed column sorting kinetic analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The fluidized bed column (1) further comprises a concentrate collecting trough (14) and a tailings collecting cone (15), wherein the concentrate collecting trough (14) and the tailings collecting cone (15) are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the barrel body (11).

10. A method for kinetic analysis of coarse particle fluidized bed column separation, characterized in that: The fluidized bed column sorting kinetics analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to perform sorting kinetics analysis on a coarse particle fluidized bed column.

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