Control method and device of fuel cell system, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method and device of a fuel cell system, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of fuel cell system control. The method comprises the following steps: when a fuel cell system runs until a proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state, determining that the fuel cell system is in a risk running state; when the fuel cell system is in the risk operation state, acquiring a single accumulated time length of the risk operation state; when the single accumulated duration is greater than a first threshold value, pulling and loading the fuel cell system from the current power to the target power so as to increase the water content of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system; and after the fuel cell system reaches the target power, controlling the fuel cell system to recover to the current power for operation. According to the technical scheme, when the fuel cell system runs to the risk running state tending to dry the membrane, the running power can be increased in time, the water content of the proton exchange membrane is improved, and the stability of long-time and low-power running of the fuel cell system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell system control, and in particular to a control method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for a fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] The proton exchange membrane in PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) is used to conduct protons, and the conduction process of protons requires water molecules as carriers. The fuel cell system is a power generation system composed of multiple proton exchange membrane fuel cells. After long-term low-power operation, the proton exchange membrane will cause membrane dryness. When the proton exchange membrane is dry, the proton conductivity will drop significantly, affecting the normal operation of the fuel cell system. When the membrane is dry, the resistance of the proton exchange membrane increases, and the heat generated when the current passes through the proton exchange membrane increases. In severe cases, it will cause local overheating and burn the proton exchange membrane. If the membrane is in a dry state for a long time, the dry area will continue to expand, eventually causing the entire proton exchange membrane to dry and rupture, causing irreversible damage to the fuel cell system. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem of how to make a fuel cell system operate stably for a long time and at low power, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a control method, device, electronic device and storage medium for a fuel cell system, which can effectively prevent the proton exchange membrane from drying out and improve the stability of the fuel cell system in long-term and low-power operation.

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling a fuel cell system, the method comprising:

[0006] When the fuel cell system is operated until its proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state, it is determined that the fuel cell system is in a risky operation state;

[0007] When the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state, obtain a single cumulative duration of the risky operating state;

[0008] When the single accumulated time is greater than a first threshold, the fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system;

[0009] After the fuel cell system reaches the target power, the fuel cell system is controlled to resume operation at the current power.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, before the fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power, the method further includes:

[0011] Determine whether the single cumulative duration is greater than a second threshold, where the second threshold is a duration less than the first threshold;

[0012] When the single accumulated time is greater than the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the fuel cell system is controlled to execute an operation adjustment task of slowing down the water loss of the proton exchange membrane, wherein the operation adjustment task includes lowering the stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, controlling the fuel cell system to perform an operation adjustment task of slowing down the water loss of the proton exchange membrane includes:

[0014] Outputting a speed increase instruction to the cooling fan of the fuel cell system to reduce the stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system;

[0015] Output an opening adjustment instruction to the target valve of the fuel cell system to reduce the amount of water from the cathode reaction of the fuel cell system penetrating into the anode, wherein the target valve is a valve on the fuel cell system that configures the ratio of air and hydrogen to the stack.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, before determining whether the single cumulative duration is greater than the second threshold, the method further includes:

[0017] Acquiring operation data of the fuel cell system in a risky operation state, wherein the operation data includes an output current density of the fuel cell system in the risky operation state;

[0018] Determine, based on the operation data, an estimated duration from a target time when the fuel cell system enters a risky operation state to a time when the operation adjustment task is executed;

[0019] The estimated duration is determined as the second threshold.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the fuel cell system is loaded from a current power to a target power, including:

[0021] According to the allowable input power of the system load, determine the maximum allowable value of the target power and the continuous loading time;

[0022] Obtaining a power load curve of the fuel cell system according to the current power, the maximum allowable value and the continuous load duration;

[0023] The fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power according to the power loading curve.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, controlling the fuel cell system to return to current power operation includes:

[0025] Determining a current load reduction power of the fuel cell system according to a power difference between the target power and the current power;

[0026] According to the current load reduction power and the load reduction response curve of the fuel cell system, a current load reduction curve of the fuel cell system is obtained, wherein the load reduction response curve is a curve showing that the load reduction power of the fuel cell system changes with response time;

[0027] The fuel cell system is controlled to reduce power output according to the current load reduction curve until the output power of the fuel cell system is restored to the current power.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, when the fuel cell system runs until its proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state, determining that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state includes:

[0029] When the current power output by the fuel cell system is less than a preset value, determining the output current density of the fuel cell system according to the current power;

[0030] When the output current density is within a preset current density range, it is determined that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state.

[0031] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control device for a fuel cell system, the device comprising:

[0032] A first determination module is used to determine that the fuel cell system is in a risky operation state when the fuel cell system runs until its proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state;

[0033] A first acquisition module is used to acquire a single cumulative duration of the risky operation state when the fuel cell system is in the risky operation state;

[0034] A loading module, used to load the fuel cell system from the current power to the target power when the single accumulated time is greater than a first threshold, so as to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system;

[0035] The first control module is used to control the fuel cell system to return to the current power operation when the fuel cell system reaches the target power.

[0036] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is coupled to the processor and stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device executes the steps of any one of the methods in the first aspect.

[0037] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the methods in the first aspect.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the control method, device, electronic device and storage medium of a fuel cell system of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention determines that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state when the fuel cell system runs to a state where its proton exchange membrane tends to dry out; when the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state, the single cumulative duration of the risky operating state is obtained; when the single cumulative duration is greater than a first threshold, it indicates that the proton exchange membrane has a risk of drying out, and the fuel cell system is pulled from the current power to the target power to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system; after the fuel cell system reaches the target power, the fuel cell system is controlled to return to the current power operation. This technical solution can increase the operating power in time to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane when the fuel cell system runs to a risky operating state where the membrane tends to dry out, effectively preventing the proton exchange membrane from drying out, thereby improving the stability of the fuel cell system in long-term, low-power operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 A flow chart of a control method for a fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the water content of a proton exchange membrane provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 A logic diagram of a control method for a fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a control device for a fuel cell system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Description of reference numerals: 10 - hydrogen subsystem; 11 - hydrogen supply unit; 12 - proportional valve; 13 - first sensor; 14 - hydrogen return pump; 15 - gas-liquid separator; 16 - hydrogen discharge valve;

[0047] 20-air subsystem, 21-air supply unit, 22-humidifier, 23-second sensor, 24-humidity control valve, 25-tail exhaust;

[0048] 30-thermal management subsystem, 31-water pump, 32-third sensor, 33-fan;

[0049] 40-Fuel cell stack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a control method for a fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method can be applied to a controller (FCU, Fuel Cell Control Unit) of a fuel cell system to implement operation control of the fuel cell system. The control method includes:

[0052] S11. When the fuel cell system runs until its proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state, it is determined that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state.

[0053] For details, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes a hydrogen subsystem 10, an air subsystem 20, a thermal management subsystem 30, a fuel cell stack 40 and a controller (ie, FCU).

[0054] The hydrogen subsystem 10 mainly includes a hydrogen supply unit 11, a proportional valve 12, a first sensor 13, a hydrogen return pump 14, a gas-liquid separator 15 and a hydrogen discharge valve 16. The airflow direction of the hydrogen subsystem 10 is shown in the direction of the arrow mark of the hydrogen subsystem in the figure. In the hydrogen subsystem, the function of the hydrogen supply unit 11 is to provide hydrogen supply, and the hydrogen supply unit 11 can be a hydrogen bottle; the function of the proportional valve 12 is to adjust the flow rate and pressure of hydrogen entering the stack; the first sensor 13 is used to detect the pressure of hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 40; the hydrogen return pump 14 realizes the recycling of hydrogen and improves the utilization rate of hydrogen; the gas-liquid separator 15 is used to separate liquid water from hydrogen; the function of the hydrogen discharge valve 16 is to control it to open regularly through a controller to discharge nitrogen impurity gas and liquid water in the hydrogen, so that the concentration and humidity of hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 40 are kept within a reasonable required range.

[0055] The air subsystem 20 mainly includes an air supply unit 21, a humidifier 22, a second sensor 23, a humidity control valve 24 and a tail exhaust 25. The airflow direction of the air subsystem is shown in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure. In the air subsystem 20, the air supply unit 21 is used to provide air supply, and the air supply unit 21 can be an air compressor; the humidifier 22 is a device for humidifying the dry air coming out of the air supply unit, and cooperates with the humidity control valve 24 to adjust the valve opening to control the flow of wet air from the stack outlet into the humidifier, thereby achieving the regulation of the humidity of the air entering the stack; the second sensor 24 is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the air entering the fuel cell stack 40; the tail exhaust 25 is used to discharge the excess air and waste hydrogen mixed.

[0056] The thermal management subsystem 30 mainly includes a water pump 31, a third sensor 32 and a fan 33. In the thermal management subsystem, the water pump 31 is used to provide coolant to the fuel cell stack 40; the third sensor 32 is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the coolant entering the fuel cell stack 40; and the fan 33 is used to dissipate heat and cool the coolant.

[0057] The proton exchange membrane is located inside the fuel cell stack 40. The proton exchange membrane tends to be in a dry state because the fuel cell system is in a low-power power generation state. When the fuel cell system is running at low power, less reaction water is produced inside the fuel cell stack, and the cathode metering is relatively large, and too much air will take away a large amount of moisture from the cathode. Even if the humidity regulating valve 24 controls all the humid air out of the cathode stack to enter the humidifier, the ideal humidity entering the stack cannot be achieved, and the humidification capacity of the humidifier is limited. If it is operated at low power for a long time, the proton exchange membrane will still dry out. Therefore, during the operation of the fuel cell system, the current power output can be obtained. When the current power is lower than the preset value, it means that the proton exchange membrane tends to be dry, which may cause damage to the proton exchange membrane, and then it is determined that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state.

[0058] Exemplarily, step S11 includes sub-steps S11-1 to S11-2, which are specifically described as follows:

[0059] S11-1. During the operation of the fuel cell system, the current power output is collected in real time. If the current power output is less than the preset value, it means that the fuel cell system is in a low-power operation state. Then, the output current density of the fuel cell system is determined according to the current power. It can be calculated according to the formula The output current density I is obtained, where P is the current power, S is the reaction area of ​​the fuel cell system, and U is the output voltage of the fuel cell system.

[0060] S11-1. When the output current density is within a preset current density range, it is determined that the fuel cell system is in a risky operation state. Current density range [I min ,Imax ] can be set based on actual needs, for example [0.1,0.2], unit A / cm 2 When the output current density is in the current density range, it means that the fuel cell system is in this operating state, the water produced inside the fuel cell stack is small, and a large amount of water in the cathode is taken away, and there is a risk of the proton exchange membrane drying out, then the fuel cell system is determined to be in a risky operating state. Since this implementation strategy can be applied to fuel cell systems of different specifications to implement risky operating state determination, the accuracy of risky operating state determination can be improved, and after determining that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state, step S12 is entered.

[0061] S12. When the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state, obtain a single cumulative duration of the risky operating state.

[0062] Specifically, the single cumulative duration represents the operating duration of the fuel cell system each time it enters the risky operating state. The single cumulative duration can be measured based on a software timer (or time counter). After each measurement of the single cumulative duration, the software timer is reset to zero, and the system enters the risky operating state again to re-measure the single cumulative duration. When measuring the single cumulative duration, a flag can be set. When the system does not enter the risky operating state, the flag is set to 1. When the flag is 0, the fuel cell system is determined to be operating at low power, and the software timer starts counting from zero.

[0063] S13. When the single accumulated duration is greater than a first threshold, the fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system.

[0064] Specifically, if the single cumulative duration is greater than the first threshold, it means that the fuel cell system has been running continuously for a long time under low power state, and membrane drying may occur, causing damage to the proton exchange membrane. In order to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane, the fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power. During the loading process, the fuel cell system can break away from low power operation, and then generate more reaction water inside the fuel cell stack, thereby increasing the water content of the proton exchange membrane and realizing timely hydration of the proton exchange membrane.

[0065] It should be noted that the target power can be determined based on the load connected to the fuel cell system. For example, when the fuel cell system is installed on a vehicle, the target power can be determined based on the vehicle's wheel-side power demand and the allowable input power of the power battery, so that the electric energy output by the fuel cell system can be absorbed by the vehicle's wheel ends and the power battery.

[0066] In practical applications, loading the fuel cell system may cause its output power to fluctuate. If the first threshold is set to be small, the fuel cell system may be frequently loaded. Based on this, in a specific implementation method, before loading the fuel cell system from the current power to the target power, the method further includes:

[0067] The first step is to determine whether the single cumulative duration is greater than a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is a duration less than the first threshold. The second threshold can be set based on the experience of technicians or determined based on calibration experiments.

[0068] In the second step, when the single cumulative duration is greater than the second threshold value and less than the first threshold value, it indicates that the water loss of the proton exchange membrane can be slowed down, and the fuel cell system is controlled to perform an operation adjustment task of slowing down the water loss of the proton exchange membrane. The operation adjustment task includes lowering the stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system, which can be achieved by increasing the operating speed of the fan or by increasing the flow rate of the coolant.

[0069] The execution of the operation adjustment task can also be implemented in the following ways, for example, outputting a speed increase instruction to the cooling fan of the fuel cell system to reduce the stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system. Furthermore, outputting an opening adjustment instruction to the target valve of the fuel cell system to reduce the amount of cathode reaction water penetrating into the anode of the fuel cell system, wherein the target valve is the valve on the fuel cell system that configures the ratio of air and hydrogen to the stack. Please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the target valve is the proportional valve 12. By increasing the opening of the proportional valve 12, the hydrogen-air pressure difference can be increased from ΔP1 to ΔP2, and the amount of cathode reaction water penetrating into the anode is reduced. It can be understood that after the opening adjustment of the target valve is implemented, the electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell stack must still be guaranteed to proceed normally. The adjusted opening is only to reduce the permeation of reaction water and does not affect the normal operation of the fuel cell system. By executing the operation adjustment task, the tendency of the proton exchange membrane to dry out can be effectively delayed, and the water loss of the proton exchange membrane can be slowed down.

[0070] It should be further explained that the second threshold is the estimated duration between the target time when the fuel cell system enters the risky operation state and the execution time of the operation adjustment task, and the second threshold can be set as a floating value. For example, the estimated duration is determined based on the operation data of the fuel cell system in the risky operation state, and the operation data includes the output current density of the fuel cell system in the risky operation state. Since the output current density is in the current density interval [I min ,I max], and the actual output current density is characterized by the operating data. Based on this, the estimated time it takes for the fuel cell system to dry out after entering a risky operating state can be determined. A data processing model can be established to estimate the heat generated by the output current density, and then an accurate estimated time is obtained, which is determined as the second threshold. The second threshold is in direct proportion to the output current density, that is, the greater the output current density, the greater the second threshold. After the fuel cell system performs an operation adjustment task, the water content of its proton exchange membrane will slow down the loss. In this state, the time to implement water replenishment is a fixed value. Based on the sum of this fixed value and the second threshold, the first threshold can be obtained.

[0071] Exemplarily, step S13 includes sub-steps S13-1 to S13-3, which are specifically described as follows:

[0072] S13-1. Determine the maximum allowable value of the target power and the continuous load-carrying duration according to the allowable input power of the system load. The system load is the load connected to the fuel cell system, which can be the vehicle's power battery and / or wheel hub motor. The allowable input power represents the input power that the fuel cell system can carry when it enters a risky operating state. Based on this, the maximum allowable value of the target power and the continuous load-carrying duration can be obtained.

[0073] S13-2, according to the current power, the maximum allowable value and the continuous loading time, obtain the power loading curve of the fuel cell system. The power loading curve is a curve showing the output power of the fuel cell system changing with the loading time. The power loading curve can be used to determine the change in the output power of the fuel cell system when loading is implemented. The continuous loading time can be adjusted based on the actual situation, for example, 1 minute.

[0074] S13-3, according to the power load curve, the fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power. When executing the load task of the fuel cell system, the controller reads the corresponding data of the power load curve, and makes real-time adjustments to the hydrogen subsystem, the air subsystem, and the thermal management subsystem until the output power of the fuel cell system reaches the target power. Based on this load strategy, while satisfying the increase in the water content of the proton exchange membrane, the execution of the load task can be reduced to reduce the frequent fluctuations in the output power of the fuel cell system.

[0075] At this point, the fuel cell system has been loaded from the current power to the target power, effectively increasing the water content of the paper exchange membrane.

[0076] S14. After the fuel cell system reaches the target power, control the fuel cell system to resume operation at the current power.

[0077] Specifically, the output power of the fuel cell system is obtained during the loading process. After reaching the target power, it indicates that the reaction water has been generated to wet the proton exchange membrane. In order to reduce the impact of the output power fluctuation on the load, the fuel cell system is unloaded until the fuel cell system recovers to the current power. The target power described in the embodiment of the present invention can be characterized by current density. For example, the current density corresponding to the target power is set to 0.5A / cm 2 ; Of course, it can also be set to other values, and there is no specific limitation here.

[0078] Exemplarily, step S14 includes sub-steps S14-1 to S14-3, which are described in detail as follows:

[0079] S14-1, determining the current load reduction power of the fuel cell system according to the power difference between the target power and the current power. Corresponding variables can be set for the target power and the current power respectively, and the difference between the two is determined as the current load reduction power, which represents the power required to reduce the control of the fuel cell system.

[0080] S14-2, according to the current load reduction power and the load reduction response curve of the fuel cell system, obtain the current load reduction curve of the fuel cell system. The load reduction response curve is a curve showing the load reduction power of the fuel cell system changing with the response time. The load reduction response curve can be used to determine the response time required by the fuel cell system under different load reduction powers, and then obtain a reasonable current load reduction curve.

[0081] S14-3, control the fuel cell system to reduce power output according to the current load reduction curve until the output power of the fuel cell system recovers to the current power. Since the current load reduction curve takes into account the response time of the fuel cell system to implement load reduction, the fuel cell system can achieve smooth load reduction during the load reduction process.

[0082] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the water content of the proton exchange membrane when executing the embodiment of the present invention. The water content is denoted as k, with a maximum value k max and the minimum value k min In the figure, the duration t1 is the duration measured after the fuel cell system enters the risky operation state. When the single cumulative duration is greater than the second threshold, that is, the dotted line position between duration t1 and duration t2, the operation adjustment task is performed. It can be seen from the figure that the water content loss is slowed down; when the single cumulative duration is greater than the first threshold, the dotted line position between duration t2 and duration t0 pulls the fuel cell system from the current power to the target power. It can be seen from the figure that the water content significantly increases to the initial state. When the fuel cell system is running at low power, repeating the above control can ensure the water content in the fuel cell stack and effectively reduce membrane dry damage to the proton exchange membrane.

[0083] The following embodiment of the present invention will generally describe the proposed control method. Figure 4 , Figure 4 It is the overall control logic diagram of the control method, which specifically includes:

[0084] S401. The fuel cell system operates normally.

[0085] S402, the controller (or FCU) monitors the stack current value I in real time.

[0086] S403, low power timer t=0.

[0087] S404、I min ≤I≤I max , and flag = 0, it means that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state, and the single cumulative time measurement is implemented.

[0088] S405: Calculate a first threshold and a second threshold.

[0089] S406: Determine whether the single cumulative duration is greater than a first threshold. If the single cumulative duration is greater than the first threshold, proceed to step S410.

[0090] S407: When the single cumulative duration is less than or equal to the first threshold, determine whether the single cumulative duration is greater than the second threshold. When the single cumulative duration is less than or equal to the second threshold, return to step S404; when the single cumulative duration is greater than the second threshold, proceed to step S408.

[0091] S408 , increasing the fan speed to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell stack from T1 to T2 .

[0092] S409, increase the opening of the proportional valve to increase the hydrogen-air pressure difference from ΔP1 to ΔP2.

[0093] S410, the stack current increases from I to I0 at a certain rate, and flag=1.

[0094] S411, judging whether the running time with the current I0 is greater than the time length t0.

[0095] S412, the stack current decreases from I0 to I at a certain rate, and flag=0.

[0096] Based on the same technical concept as the control method, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a control device for a fuel cell system, see Figure 5 , Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the control device is as follows:

[0097] The first determination module 501 is used to determine that the fuel cell system is in a risky operation state when the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell system is running to a membrane dry state;

[0098] The first acquisition module 502 is used to acquire a single cumulative duration of the risky operation state when the fuel cell system is in the risky operation state;

[0099] The loading module 503 is used to load the fuel cell system from the current power to the target power when the single accumulated time is greater than the first threshold, so as to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system;

[0100] The first control module 504 is used to control the fuel cell system to return to the current power operation when the fuel cell system reaches the target power.

[0101] In an optional embodiment, the control device further includes:

[0102] A judging module, used to judge whether a single cumulative duration is greater than a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is a duration less than the first threshold;

[0103] The second control module is used to control the fuel cell system to execute an operation adjustment task of slowing down the water loss of the proton exchange membrane when the single accumulated time is greater than the second threshold and less than the first threshold, wherein the operation adjustment task includes lowering the stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system.

[0104] In an optional embodiment, the second control module includes:

[0105] A first output submodule, used for outputting a speed increase instruction to the cooling fan of the fuel cell system to reduce the stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system;

[0106] The second output submodule is used to output an opening adjustment instruction to the target valve of the fuel cell system to reduce the amount of water from the cathode reaction of the fuel cell system penetrating into the anode, wherein the target valve is a valve on the fuel cell system that configures the ratio of air and hydrogen to the stack.

[0107] In an optional embodiment, the control device further includes:

[0108] A second acquisition module is used to acquire operation data of the fuel cell system in a risky operation state, wherein the operation data includes an output current density of the fuel cell system in the risky operation state;

[0109] A second determination module is used to determine, based on the operation data, an estimated duration between a target time when the fuel cell system enters a risky operation state and a time when the operation adjustment task is executed;

[0110] The third determining module is used to determine the estimated duration as the second threshold.

[0111] In an optional embodiment, the loading module includes:

[0112] The first determination submodule is used to determine the maximum allowable value of the target power and the continuous load duration according to the allowable input power of the system load;

[0113] The first acquisition submodule is used to obtain a power load curve of the fuel cell system according to the current power, the maximum allowable value and the continuous load duration;

[0114] The load submodule is used to load the fuel cell system from the current power to the target power according to the power load curve.

[0115] In an optional embodiment, the first control module includes:

[0116] A second determination submodule, used to determine the current load reduction power of the fuel cell system according to the power difference between the target power and the current power;

[0117] A second obtaining submodule is used to obtain a current load reduction curve of the fuel cell system according to the current load reduction power and the load reduction response curve of the fuel cell system, wherein the load reduction response curve is a curve of the load reduction power of the fuel cell system changing with response time;

[0118] The control submodule is used to control the fuel cell system to reduce power output according to the current load reduction curve until the output power of the fuel cell system recovers to the current power.

[0119] In an optional embodiment, the first determining module includes:

[0120] A third output submodule, used to determine the output current density of the fuel cell system according to the current power when the current power output by the fuel cell system is less than a preset value;

[0121] The third determination submodule is used to determine that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state when the output current density is in a preset current density range.

[0122] Based on the same technical concept as the control method, an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is coupled to the processor and stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device executes the steps of any one of the control methods.

[0123] Based on the same technical concept as the control method, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the control methods are implemented.

[0124] The technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present invention has at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0125] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention determines that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state when the fuel cell system runs to a state where its proton exchange membrane tends to dry out; when the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state, the single cumulative duration of the risky operating state is obtained; when the single cumulative duration is greater than a first threshold, it indicates that there is a risk of the proton exchange membrane drying out, and the fuel cell system is pulled from the current power to the target power to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system; after the fuel cell system reaches the target power, the fuel cell system is controlled to resume operation at the current power. This technical solution can increase the operating power in time to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane when the fuel cell system runs to a state where the membrane tends to dry out, effectively preventing the proton exchange membrane from drying out, thereby improving the stability of the fuel cell system during long-term, low-power operation.

[0126] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0127] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (modules, systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded computer, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0128] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0129] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0130] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0131] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A control method for a fuel cell system, characterized in that: The method comprises: When the fuel cell system is operated until its proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state, determining that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state; When the fuel cell system is in the risky operating state, obtaining a single accumulated duration of the risky operating state; When the single accumulated time is greater than a first threshold, the fuel cell system is loaded from a current power to a target power to increase the water content of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system; After the fuel cell system reaches the target power, the fuel cell system is controlled to resume operation at the current power.

2. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power, the method further includes: Determine whether the single cumulative duration is greater than a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is a duration less than the first threshold; When the single accumulated time is greater than the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the fuel cell system is controlled to perform an operation adjustment task of slowing down the water loss of the proton exchange membrane, wherein the operation adjustment task includes lowering the stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system.

3. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of controlling the fuel cell system to perform an operation adjustment task of slowing down the water loss of the proton exchange membrane includes: Outputting a speed increase instruction to a cooling fan of the fuel cell system to reduce a stack reaction temperature of the fuel cell system; Output an opening adjustment instruction to the target valve of the fuel cell system to reduce the amount of cathode reaction water penetrating into the anode of the fuel cell system, wherein the target valve is a valve on the fuel cell system that configures the ratio of air and hydrogen entering the stack.

4. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Before determining whether the single cumulative duration is greater than a second threshold, the method further includes: Acquiring operation data of the fuel cell system in the risk operation state, wherein the operation data includes an output current density of the fuel cell system in the risk operation state; Determining, based on the operation data, an estimated duration between a target time when the fuel cell system enters the risky operation state and a time when the operation adjustment task is executed; The estimated duration is determined as the second threshold.

5. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of increasing the power of the fuel cell system from the current power to the target power includes: Determine the maximum allowable value of the target power and the continuous loading time according to the allowable input power of the system load; Obtaining a power loading curve of the fuel cell system according to the current power, the maximum allowable value and the continuous loading time; The fuel cell system is loaded from the current power to the target power according to the power loading curve.

6. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controlling the fuel cell system to return to the current power operation includes: Determining a current load reduction power of the fuel cell system according to a power difference between the target power and the current power; Obtaining a current load reduction curve of the fuel cell system according to the current load reduction power and the load reduction response curve of the fuel cell system, wherein the load reduction response curve is a curve showing that the load reduction power of the fuel cell system changes with response time; The fuel cell system is controlled to perform power output load reduction according to the current load reduction curve until the output power of the fuel cell system recovers to the current power.

7. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the fuel cell system is running until its proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state, determining that the fuel cell system is in a risky operating state includes: When the current power output by the fuel cell system is less than a preset value, determining the output current density of the fuel cell system according to the current power; When the output current density is within a preset current density interval, it is determined that the fuel cell system is in the risky operating state.

8. A control device for a fuel cell system, characterized in that: The device comprises: A first determination module is used to determine that the fuel cell system is in a risky operation state when the fuel cell system runs until its proton exchange membrane tends to be in a membrane dry state; A first acquisition module, configured to acquire, when the fuel cell system is in the risky operation state, a single accumulated duration of the risky operation state; A loading module, used for loading the fuel cell system from a current power to a target power when the single accumulated time is greater than a first threshold, so as to increase the water content of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell system; The first control module is used to control the fuel cell system to return to the current power operation when the fuel cell system reaches the target power.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is coupled to the processor and stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device executes the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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