Device and method for observing influence of human activity destruction on habitat based on remote sensing image

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for observing the influence of human activity destruction on the habitat based on remote sensing images, and the device comprises at least one unmanned plane main body which is provided with a remote sensing collection mechanism; the sampling mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body; wherein the sampling mechanism comprises a guide shell, the bottom of which is provided with an inclined guide edge; the filter screen is obliquely arranged in the guide shell and is symmetrical to the guide edge; the sampling lifting part is arranged in the guide shell, the bottom end of the sampling lifting part movably penetrates through the guide shell, and the discharging end of the sampling lifting part is located above the filter screen. According to the invention, images and soil of human activity damage areas can be collected and sampled, a to-be-monitored area is divided into a plurality of human damage areas, and an area division graph is obtained according to soil data of the human damage areas, so that the influence of the soil coverage rate and air concentration of the human damage areas on the area soil can be clearly evaluated; and the to-be-monitored area can be observed conveniently and better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring, and in particular to a device and method for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing images. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion and deepening of human activities, their impact on the natural ecological environment is becoming increasingly significant. Accurately and timely monitoring and evaluating the impact of human activities on the ecological environment has become an important task for protecting biodiversity, maintaining ecological balance and promoting sustainable development. At present, remote sensing image data is used to observe the impact of human activities on habitats. By observing remote sensing image data, we can observe the impact of human activities on the surface, vegetation, water bodies, etc. Remote sensing image data is usually obtained by sampling drones. Some drones can not only obtain remote sensing image data of the ecological environment, but also sample the soil in the ecological environment as needed. Although these drones can achieve soil sampling, in areas damaged by human activities, such as over-development, unreasonable farming or areas with severe soil erosion, the soil often presents a state of exposed particles. When the sampled soil samples are subsequently tested and analyzed by analytical instruments, they will not only be interfered by the particles in the soil samples, but also may cause the analytical instruments to be blocked, which will seriously affect the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results. To this end, we propose a device and method for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing images. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing images, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A device for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing images, the device includes:

[0006] At least one drone body, the drone body being provided with a remote sensing acquisition mechanism which is wirelessly connected to the monitoring terminal and is used to acquire image data of the area to be monitored and air data; and

[0007] The sampling mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the drone body and is used to sample soil; wherein the sampling mechanism comprises:

[0008] A guide shell, the bottom of which is provided with an inclined guide edge, a lower end of the guide edge is provided with a first discharge port, and an outer wall of one side of the guide shell is provided with a second discharge port at a higher end of the guide edge;

[0009] The filter screen is tilted and arranged in the guide shell and symmetrical with the guide edge, and the lower end of the filter screen corresponds to the second discharge port; and

[0010] The sampling lifting part is arranged in the guide shell and its bottom end movably penetrates the guide shell. The discharge end of the sampling lifting part is located above the filter screen and is used for sampling soil to the filter screen.

[0011] A further improvement is that the remote sensing acquisition mechanism includes:

[0012] Image acquisition equipment, used for acquiring image data;

[0013] Air monitors to collect air data; and,

[0014] The control module is electrically connected to the image acquisition device, the air monitor and the sampling mechanism.

[0015] A further improvement is that the sampling lifting part comprises:

[0016] The sleeve has a hollow bottom end, a drill bit is sleeved on the lower end of the outer wall of the sleeve, and a discharge port is provided on one side of the sleeve and above the filter screen;

[0017] A spiral material transmission member is rotatably disposed in the sleeve, and its bottom end extends below the sleeve. A transmission rod is inserted into the top of the spiral material transmission member, and the transmission rod movably passes through the sleeve and the guide shell and is connected to an output end of the rotating device; and,

[0018] At least one telescopic device is arranged in the guide shell, and its output end is movably connected with the sleeve to drive the sleeve to move vertically.

[0019] A further improvement is that the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with an external thread, and the guide shell is provided with an internal thread through hole for the sleeve to pass through and cooperate with the external thread.

[0020] A further improvement is that an L-shaped knocking piece is abutted against the upper end of the filter, the top of the knocking piece is connected to the inner wall of the guide shell through an elastic piece, a rotating piece is provided on one side of the knocking piece, the rotating piece is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shell, one end of the rotating piece extends to the bottom of the outer wall of the transverse section of the knocking piece, the rotating piece and the outer wall on the opposite side of the transverse section of the knocking piece are provided with matching protrusions, and the rotating piece is transmission-connected to the transmission rod.

[0021] A further improvement is that the device further comprises a classification storage unit, wherein the classification storage unit comprises:

[0022] A fixed plate is arranged below the drone body through a bracket and is movably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve, and a discharge port connected to the discharge port is opened on the fixed plate;

[0023] A movable plate is fitted on the bottom of the fixed plate, and a connecting frame detachably connected to the bracket is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the movable plate. A plurality of groups of material containers for placing soil are embedded in a circular array on the movable plate, and one group of the material containers corresponds to the discharge port; and

[0024] The second rotating device is arranged on the connecting frame, and its output end is drivingly connected with the movable disk to drive the movable disk to rotate a preset angle.

[0025] A further improvement is that the device further comprises a stabilizing mechanism embedded in the supporting feet of the drone body, and the stabilizing mechanism comprises:

[0026] Assembly seat;

[0027] A movable plate is adapted to the assembly seat and is movably arranged in the assembly seat, and the top of the movable plate is connected to the inner wall of the assembly seat through an elastic member;

[0028] A plurality of groups of insertion rods are evenly arranged at the bottom of the movable plate, and the bottom ends of the insertion rods are located in the movable openings at the bottom of the assembly seat, and are used for being inserted into the soil; and,

[0029] A connecting air pipe has one end connected to the top of the assembly seat and the other end connected to one end of an air cylinder. The air cylinder is arranged on the guide shell. A piston rod is arranged in the air cylinder. One end of the piston rod is movably connected to the sleeve and is used to compress the gas in the air cylinder when the sleeve is downward, so that the gas enters the assembly seat through the connecting air pipe to drive the movable plate to move downward.

[0030] The method for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing images, using the above-mentioned device, includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: The drone body is released, and the drone body collects image data and air data of the area to be monitored through a remote sensing collection mechanism along a set route in the area to be monitored, and sends the image data and air data to the monitoring terminal; the image data is the land coverage rate, and the air data is the PM concentration;

[0032] S2: The monitoring terminal matches the received image data and air data with a preset first discrimination condition, and divides the area to be monitored into N human-damaged areas;

[0033] S3: Control the drone body to sample the soil of N human-damaged areas through the sampling mechanism according to the set period, obtain N soil samples of the human-damaged areas, and then obtain soil data of N human-damaged areas by testing and analyzing the obtained N soil samples of the human-damaged areas; wherein, when sampling, the drone body is controlled to the required sampling position, and then the soil at the required sampling position can be sampled to the filter screen for processing through the sampling lifting part; wherein the soil data includes the content of heavy metals in the soil and the pH value of the soil;

[0034] S4: The monitoring terminal matches the soil data of the N human-damaged areas with the preset second discrimination condition, obtains the area division map, and outputs it to the display module for observation.

[0035] A further improvement is that the specific determination process of the first determination condition is:

[0036] S201: Classify soil coverage: if 0≤land coverage≤20%, the regional level is Class I; if 20%<land coverage≤30%, the regional level is Class II; if 30%<land coverage≤50%, the regional level is Class III; if 50%<land coverage≤80%, the regional level is Class IV; if 80%<land coverage≤100%, the regional level is Class V;

[0037] S202: Divide each level area according to the set PM10 concentration gradient to obtain N human damage areas, wherein the set PM10 concentration gradient is PM10≤40μg / m 3 、PM10≤80μg / m 3 、PM10≤120μg / m 3 、PM10≤160μg / m 3 、PM10≤200μg / m 3 .

[0038] A further improvement is that the specific determination process of the second determination condition is:

[0039] S401: Classify the degree of soil heavy metal pollution in each of the N human-damaged areas: if 50≤lead mg / kg≤100, 0.4≤cadmium mg / kg≤0.8, 4≤mercury mg / kg≤1.0 or 20≤arsenic mg / kg≤50, the regional level is 1; if 100<lead mg / kg≤200, 0.8<cadmium mg / kg≤2.0, 1.0<mercury mg / kg≤3.0 or 50<arsenic mg / kg≤100, the regional level is 2; if lead mg / kg>200, cadmium mg / kg>2.0, mercury mg / kg>3.0 or arsenic mg / kg>100, the regional level is 3;

[0040] S402: According to the set soil pH value gradient, the regions of each soil heavy metal pollution degree are divided respectively to obtain M human soil damage regions, wherein the set soil pH value gradient is: if the pH value is ≤4.5, the region is extremely acidic soil; if 4.5<pH value ≤5.5, the region is strongly acidic soil; if 5.5<pH value ≤6.5, the region is acidic to slightly acidic soil; if 6.5<pH value ≤7.0, the region is slightly acidic to neutral soil; if 7.0<PH value ≤7.5, the region is neutral to slightly alkaline soil; if 7.5<PH value ≤8.5, the region is alkaline soil; if pH value>8.5, the region is strongly alkaline soil;

[0041] S403: Mark the same soil heavy metal pollution degree and soil pH value in the M human-damaged soil areas with the same color to form a regional division map.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The present invention obtains remote sensing images through the remote sensing acquisition mechanism on the main body of the drone to transmit to the monitoring terminal, so as to observe and analyze the impact of human activities on the habitat, and is provided with a sampling mechanism, which can sample the soil in the area damaged by human activities. When sampling, the soil is sampled to the filter screen for processing through the sampling lifting part, so as to prevent the sampled soil from containing large particles that affect the subsequent analysis or block the analysis instrument, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results;

[0044] The present invention divides the area to be monitored into multiple human-damaged areas and obtains a regional division map based on the soil data of the human-damaged areas. It can clearly evaluate the impact of soil coverage and air concentration in human-damaged areas on regional soil, facilitate better observation of the monitored areas, and facilitate subsequent management and ecological restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the guide shell structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the classification storage part of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the local structure in;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stabilizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0050] In the figure: 100, drone body; 200, remote sensing acquisition mechanism; 201, image acquisition equipment; 202, air monitor; 300, sampling mechanism; 301, guide shell; 302, sleeve; 303, telescopic device; 304, spiral material transmission member; 305, drill bit; 306, rotating device one; 307, rotating member; 308, knocking member; 309, discharge port one; 310, filter screen; 311, discharge port two; 312, fixed plate; 313, discharge port; 314, movable plate; 315, material storage container; 316, rotating device two; 400, stabilizing mechanism; 401, assembly seat; 402, movable plate; 403, insertion rod; 404, connecting air pipe; 405, air cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 2

[0054] A device for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing images, wherein the above-mentioned habitat is an ecological environment, and the device comprises:

[0055] At least one drone body 100, on which a remote sensing acquisition mechanism 200 is provided which is wirelessly connected to a monitoring terminal and is used to collect image data and air data of a monitored area. By analyzing the collected image data and air data, it is possible to determine which areas are damaged by human activities and the impact of human activities on the environment and air, etc.; and

[0056] The sampling mechanism 300 is disposed at the bottom of the drone body 100 and is used to sample soil. Sampling soil plays a vital role in observing the impact of human activities on habitats. By sampling soil and analyzing the information therein, we can understand the health status of the soil, assess the impact of human activities on the soil, and formulate corresponding governance and restoration measures.

[0057] Wherein, the sampling mechanism 300 comprises:

[0058] The guide shell 301 has an inclined guide edge at its bottom, a discharge port 1 309 at the lower end of the guide edge, and a discharge port 2 311 at the higher end of the guide edge on one side of the outer wall of the guide shell 301;

[0059] The filter screen 310 is tilted and arranged in the guide shell 301 and is symmetrical with the guide edge, and the lower end of the filter screen 310 corresponds to the second discharge port 311. In this way, after the sampled soil falls on the filter screen 310, the large particles in the soil can be discharged from the second discharge port 311 under the action of the filter screen 310, and the soil passing through the filter screen 310 can be discharged from the first discharge port 309 under the action of the guide edge; and,

[0060] The sampling lifting part is arranged in the guide shell 301 and its bottom end movably penetrates the guide shell 301 . The discharge end of the sampling lifting part is located above the filter screen 310 and is used to sample the soil to the filter screen 310 .

[0061] Preferably, the remote sensing acquisition mechanism 200 of this embodiment includes:

[0062] An image acquisition device 201 is used to acquire image data. For example, the image acquisition device 201 is a camera, etc.;

[0063] An air monitor 202, for collecting air data, the air monitor 202 is, for example, a gas monitor, etc.; and,

[0064] A control module, electrically connected to the image acquisition device 201, the air monitor 202 and the sampling mechanism 300, for controlling the electrical components in the drone body 100;

[0065] It also includes a data communication module, which can use wireless communication technology (such as Wi-Fi, 4G / 5G, satellite communication, etc.) to send the data collected by the image acquisition device 201 and the air monitor 202 to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal analyzes and processes the collected data, which belongs to the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] Preferably, the sampling lifting part of this embodiment includes:

[0067] The sleeve 302 is hollow at the bottom, and a drill bit 305 is sleeved on the lower end of the outer wall of the sleeve 302 so as to enter the soil. A discharge port is provided on one side of the sleeve 302 and above the filter screen 310 for discharging the sampled soil;

[0068] The spiral material transmission member 304 is rotatably disposed in the sleeve 302, and its bottom end extends to the bottom of the sleeve 302. The spiral material transmission member 304 includes a rod body and a spiral blade disposed on the outer wall of the rod body. A transmission rod is inserted at the top of the spiral material transmission member 304. The transmission rod and the spiral material transmission member 304 can be connected in a sliding manner. The transmission rod movably passes through the sleeve 302 and the guide shell 301 and is connected to the output end of the rotating device 306. The rotating device 306 includes a motor and a reducer; and,

[0069] At least one telescopic device 303 is arranged in the guide shell 301, and its output end is movably connected to the sleeve 302, so as to drive the sleeve 302 to move vertically. Specifically, the telescopic device 303 includes an electric telescopic rod, and its output end can be connected to a frame. The frame is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve 302 by a bearing sleeve. The depth of the sleeve 302 entering the soil can be controlled by the telescopic device 303.

[0070] Preferably, the outer wall of the sleeve 302 of this embodiment is provided with an external thread, and the guide shell 301 is provided with an internal threaded through hole for the sleeve 302 to pass through and cooperate with the external thread. Through this arrangement, the sleeve 302 can rotate under the action of the external thread and the internal threaded through hole when moving downward, so as to better enter the soil.

[0071] Preferably, the upper end of the filter screen 310 of the present embodiment is abutted against an L-shaped knocking piece 308, the top of the knocking piece 308 is connected to the inner wall of the guide shell 301 through an elastic piece, the elastic piece is, for example, an elastic telescopic rod, a rotating piece 307 is provided on one side of the knocking piece 308, the rotating piece 307 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shell 301, the rotating piece 307 is an annular piece, which can be rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shell 301 by a rotating shaft and a bearing, one end of the rotating piece 307 extends to the lower side of the outer wall of the transverse section of the knocking piece 308, the outer walls of the rotating piece 307 and the opposite side of the transverse section of the knocking piece 308 are provided with matching protrusions, the rotating piece 307 is transmission-connected to the transmission rod, for example, a rotating The rotating member 307 and the transmission rod are connected through a sprocket transmission group (including a sprocket and a chain). When the rotating device 306 drives the transmission rod and the spiral material transmission member 304 to rotate for soil sampling, the rotating member 307 is also driven. The protrusions on the rotating member 307 intermittently contact the protrusions of the horizontal section of the knocking member 308, and then the knocking member 308 intermittently moves upward. When the two protrusions are staggered, the knocking member 308 is reset and knocks the filter screen 310 under the action of the elastic member, so that the filter screen 310 can vibrate, so that the soil located on the filter screen 310 can be quickly processed by the filter screen 310, and at the same time, the sampled soil will not clump, which can be better stored and studied and analyzed later.

[0072] Please refer to the attached Figure 3 -Attached Figure 4

[0073] Preferably, the device of this embodiment further comprises a classification storage unit, through which soil from different locations can be collected conveniently and classified and stored;

[0074] The classification storage department includes:

[0075] The fixed plate 312 is arranged below the drone body 100 through a bracket and is movably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve 302. The fixed plate 312 is provided with a discharge port 313 connected to the discharge port 1 309 for receiving the soil discharged from the discharge port 1 309;

[0076] The movable plate 314 is fitted on the bottom of the fixed plate 312. The outer wall of the movable plate 314 is provided with a connecting frame detachably connected to the bracket through a bearing rotation sleeve. A plurality of groups of material containers 315 for placing soil are embedded in a circular array on the movable plate 314. The top of the material containers 315 is hollow. One group of material containers 315 corresponds to the discharge port 313. The connecting frame and the bracket can be connected by bolts, for example, so as to take the material containers 315; and,

[0077] The second rotating device 316 is arranged on the connecting frame, and its output end is connected with the movable disk 314 for driving the movable disk 314 to rotate a preset angle. The second rotating device 316 is, for example, a motor and a reducer. The output end of the second rotating device 316 and the movable disk 314 can be connected with a gear set (two sets of meshing gears) so that each time the movable disk 314 rotates a preset angle, there is a material container 315 that corresponds to the discharge port 313.

[0078] Please refer to the attached Figure 5

[0079] Preferably, the device of this embodiment further includes a stabilizing mechanism 400 embedded in the support foot of the drone body 100. The support foot is a conventional structure on the drone body 100, which is used to support the drone body 100 to contact the ground, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0080] The stabilizing mechanism 400 comprises:

[0081] Assembly seat 401;

[0082] The movable plate 402 is adapted to the assembly seat 401 and is movably arranged in the assembly seat 401. The top of the movable plate 402 is connected to the inner wall of the assembly seat 401 through an elastic member, and the elastic member is, for example, a spring;

[0083] A plurality of groups of insertion rods 403 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the movable plate 402, and the bottom ends of the insertion rods 403 are located in the movable opening at the bottom of the assembly seat 401, and are used for being inserted into the soil; and,

[0084] The connecting air pipe 404 has one end connected to the top of the assembly seat 401 and the other end connected to one end of the gas cylinder 405. The gas cylinder 405 is arranged on the guide shell 301. The top of the gas cylinder 405 is hollow and its bottom is connected to the connecting air pipe 404. The gas cylinder 405 stores gas with a certain pressure. The gas cylinder 405 is provided with a piston rod. One end of the piston rod is movably connected to the sleeve 302 and is used to compress the gas in the gas cylinder 405 when the sleeve 302 is downward, so that the gas enters through the connecting air pipe 404. The movable plate 402 is driven into the assembly seat 401 to move downward. The piston rod includes a piston movably arranged in the air cylinder 405 and adapted to the inner cavity of the air cylinder 405, and a piston rod with one end connected to the piston and the other end movably passing through the bottom end of the air cylinder 405. The piston rod is movably connected to the sleeve 302 through the piston rod. In this way, when the sleeve 302 rotates to enter the soil, the insertion rod 403 is extended from the supporting foot of the drone body 100 to enter the soil, thereby ensuring the stability of the drone body 100 when sampling the soil.

[0085] The method for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing images, using the above-mentioned device, includes the following steps:

[0086] S1: The drone body 100 is launched, and the drone body 100 collects image data and air data of the monitored area along a set route in the monitored area through the remote sensing collection mechanism 200, and sends the image data and air data to the monitoring terminal; wherein the image data is the land coverage rate, and the air data is the PM10 concentration.

[0087] S2: The monitoring terminal matches the received image data and air data with the preset first discrimination condition, and divides the area to be monitored into N human damage areas; the first discrimination condition is specifically:

[0088] S201: Classify soil coverage: if 0≤land coverage≤20%, the regional level is Class I; if 20%<land coverage≤30%, the regional level is Class II; if 30%<land coverage≤50%, the regional level is Class III; if 50%<land coverage≤80%, the regional level is Class IV; if 80%<land coverage≤100%, the regional level is Class V;

[0089] S202: Divide each level area according to the set PM10 concentration gradient to obtain N human damage areas, and set the PM10 concentration gradient to PM10≤40μg / m 3 、PM10≤80μg / m 3 、PM10≤120μg / m 3 、PM10≤160μg / m 3 、PM10≤200μg / m 3 .

[0090] S3: Control the drone body 100 to sample the soil of N human-damaged areas through the sampling mechanism 300 according to the set period, obtain N soil samples of the human-damaged areas, and then obtain N soil data of the human-damaged areas by testing and analyzing the N soil samples of the human-damaged areas; wherein, when sampling, the drone body 100 is controlled to the desired sampling position, and then the soil at the desired sampling position can be sampled to the filter 310 for processing through the sampling lifting part; wherein the soil data includes the heavy metal content of the soil and the pH value of the soil.

[0091] S4: The monitoring terminal matches the soil data of N human-damaged areas with the preset second discrimination condition, obtains the area division map, and outputs it to the display module for observation; the specific discrimination process of the second discrimination condition is:

[0092] S401: Classify the degree of soil heavy metal pollution in each of the N human-damaged areas: if 50≤lead mg / kg≤100, 0.4≤cadmium mg / kg≤0.8, 4≤mercury mg / kg≤1.0 or 20≤arsenic mg / kg≤50, the regional level is 1; if 100<lead mg / kg≤200, 0.8<cadmium mg / kg≤2.0, 1.0<mercury mg / kg≤3.0 or 50<arsenic mg / kg≤100, the regional level is 2; if lead mg / kg>200, cadmium mg / kg>2.0, mercury mg / kg>3.0 or arsenic mg / kg>100, the regional level is 3;

[0093] S402: According to the set soil pH value gradient, the regions of each soil heavy metal pollution degree are divided respectively to obtain M human soil damage regions, and the set soil pH value gradient is: if the pH value is ≤4.5, the region is extremely acidic soil; if 4.5<pH value ≤5.5, the region is strongly acidic soil; if 5.5<PH value ≤6.5, the region is acidic to slightly acidic soil; if 6.5<PH value ≤7.0, the region is slightly acidic to neutral soil; if 7.0<PH value ≤7.5, the region is neutral to slightly alkaline soil; if 7.5<PH value ≤8.5, the region is alkaline soil; if pH value>8.5, the region is strongly alkaline soil;

[0094] S403: Mark the same soil heavy metal pollution degree and soil pH value in the M human-damaged soil areas with the same color to form a regional division map.

[0095] The above method can clearly evaluate the impact of soil coverage and air concentration in human-damaged areas on regional soil, facilitate better observation of the monitoring area, and facilitate subsequent management and ecological restoration.

[0096] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing images, characterized in that: The device includes: At least one unmanned aerial vehicle body (100), the unmanned aerial vehicle body (100) being provided with a remote sensing collection mechanism (200) which is wirelessly connected to a monitoring terminal and is used to collect image data of a monitored area and air data; and The sampling mechanism (300) is arranged at the bottom of the drone body (100) and is used for sampling soil; wherein the sampling mechanism (300) comprises: The guide shell (301) has an inclined guide edge at its bottom, a discharge port 1 (309) is provided at the lower end of the guide edge, and a discharge port 2 (311) is provided at the higher end of the guide edge on the outer wall of one side of the guide shell (301); The filter screen (310) is tilted and arranged in the guide shell (301) and is symmetrical with the guide edge, and the lower end of the filter screen (310) corresponds to the second discharge port (311); and, The sampling lifting part is arranged in the guide shell (301) and its bottom end movably penetrates the guide shell (301). The discharge end of the sampling lifting part is located above the filter screen (310) and is used to sample soil to the filter screen (310).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote sensing acquisition mechanism (200) comprises: An image acquisition device (201), used for acquiring image data; an air monitor (202), for collecting air data; and The control module is electrically connected to the image acquisition device (201), the air monitor (202) and the sampling mechanism (300).

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling lifting part comprises: The sleeve (302) is hollow at the bottom end, a drill bit (305) is sleeved on the lower end of the outer wall of the sleeve (302), and a discharge port is provided on one side of the sleeve (302) and above the filter screen (310); A spiral material transmission member (304) is rotatably disposed in the sleeve (302), and its bottom end extends below the sleeve (302). A transmission rod is inserted at the top end of the spiral material transmission member (304), and the transmission rod movably passes through the sleeve (302) and the guide shell (301) and is connected to the output end of the rotating device (306); and, At least one telescopic device (303) is disposed in the guide shell (301), and its output end is movably connected to the sleeve (302) for driving the sleeve (302) to move vertically.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the sleeve (302) is provided with an external thread, and the guide shell (301) is provided with an internal thread through hole for the sleeve (302) to pass through and which cooperates with the external thread.

5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An L-shaped knocking piece (308) is abutted against the upper end of the filter screen (310); the top of the knocking piece (308) is connected to the inner wall of the guide shell (301) via an elastic piece; a rotating piece (307) is provided on one side of the knocking piece (308); the rotating piece (307) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shell (301); one end of the rotating piece (307) extends to below the outer wall of the transverse section of the knocking piece (308); the outer walls of the rotating piece (307) and the transverse section of the knocking piece (308) on opposite sides are both provided with matching protrusions; the rotating piece (307) is transmission-connected to a transmission rod.

6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device also includes a classification storage unit, which includes: A fixed plate (312) is arranged below the drone body (100) through a bracket and is movably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve (302), and a discharge port (313) communicating with a discharge port 1 (309) is provided on the fixed plate (312); A movable plate (314) is fitted on the bottom of the fixed plate (312), and a connecting frame detachably connected to the bracket is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the movable plate (314). A plurality of groups of material containers (315) for placing soil are embedded in a circular array on the movable plate (314), and one group of the material containers (315) corresponds to the discharge port (313); and, The second rotating device (316) is arranged on the connecting frame, and its output end is drivingly connected to the movable disk (314) for driving the movable disk (314) to rotate a preset angle.

7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device also includes a stabilizing mechanism (400) embedded in a supporting foot of the drone body (100), wherein the stabilizing mechanism (400) includes: Assembly seat (401); A movable plate (402) is adapted to the assembly seat (401) and is movably arranged in the assembly seat (401), and the top of the movable plate (402) is connected to the inner wall of the assembly seat (401) through an elastic member; A plurality of groups of insertion rods (403) are evenly arranged at the bottom of the movable plate (402), and the bottom ends of the insertion rods are located in the movable openings opened at the bottom of the assembly seat (401) for insertion into the soil; and, A connecting air pipe (404) has one end connected to the top of the assembly seat (401) and the other end connected to one end of an air cylinder (405). The air cylinder (405) is arranged on the guide shell (301). A piston rod is arranged inside the air cylinder (405). One end of the piston rod is movably connected to the sleeve (302) and is used to compress the gas in the air cylinder (405) when the sleeve (302) moves downward, so that the gas enters the assembly seat (401) through the connecting air pipe (404) to drive the movable plate (402) to move downward.

8. A method for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing images, using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The drone body (100) is launched, and the drone body (100) collects image data and air data of the area to be monitored along a set route in the area to be monitored through a remote sensing collection mechanism (200), and sends the image data and air data to a monitoring terminal; wherein the image data is land coverage, and the air data is PM10 concentration; S2: The monitoring terminal matches the received image data and air data with a preset first discrimination condition, and divides the area to be monitored into N human-damaged areas; S3: Controlling the drone body (100) to sample the soil of N human-damaged areas through the sampling mechanism (300) according to a set period, obtaining soil samples of N human-damaged areas, and then detecting and analyzing the obtained soil samples of the N human-damaged areas to obtain soil data of the N human-damaged areas; wherein, during sampling, the drone body (100) is controlled to a desired sampling position, and then the soil at the desired sampling position can be sampled to the filter (310) through the sampling lifting part for processing; wherein the soil data includes the content of heavy metals in the soil and the pH value of the soil; S4: The monitoring terminal matches the soil data of the N human-damaged areas with the preset second discrimination condition, obtains the area division map, and outputs it to the display module for observation.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific determination process of the first determination condition is as follows: S201: Classify soil coverage: if 0≤land coverage≤20%, the regional level is Class I; if 20%<land coverage≤30%, the regional level is Class II; if 30%<land coverage≤50%, the regional level is Class III; if 50%<land coverage≤80%, the regional level is Class IV; if 80%<land coverage≤100%, the regional level is Class V; S202: Divide each level area according to the set PM10 concentration gradient to obtain N human damage areas, wherein the set PM10 concentration gradient is PM10≤40μg / m 3 、PM10≤80μg / m 3 、PM10≤120μg / m 3 、PM10≤160μg / m 3 、PM10≤200μg / m 3 .

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific determination process of the second determination condition is as follows: S401: Classify the degree of soil heavy metal pollution in each of the N human-damaged areas: if 50≤lead mg / kg≤100, 0.4≤cadmium mg / kg≤0.8, 4≤mercury mg / kg≤1.0 or 20≤arsenic mg / kg≤50, the regional level is 1; if 100<lead mg / kg≤200, 0.8<cadmium mg / kg≤2.0, 1.0<mercury mg / kg≤3.0 or 50<arsenic mg / kg≤100, the regional level is 2; if lead mg / kg>200, cadmium mg / kg>2.0, mercury mg / kg>3.0 or arsenic mg / kg>100, the regional level is 3; S402: According to the set soil pH value gradient, the regions of each soil heavy metal pollution degree are divided respectively to obtain M human soil damage regions, wherein the set soil pH value gradient is: if the pH value is ≤4.5, the region is extremely acidic soil; if 4.5<pH value ≤5.5, the region is strongly acidic soil; if 5.5<pH value ≤6.5, the region is acidic to slightly acidic soil; if 6.5<pH value ≤7.0, the region is slightly acidic to neutral soil; if 7.0<PH value ≤7.5, the region is neutral to slightly alkaline soil; if 7.5<PH value ≤8.5, the region is alkaline soil; if pH value>8.5, the region is strongly alkaline soil; S403: Mark the same soil heavy metal pollution degree and soil pH value in the M human-damaged soil areas with the same color to form a regional division map.

Images