Method for cultivating chenopodium quinoa willd sprouting vegetables in summer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for cultivating quinoa sprouting vegetables in summer. According to the specific technical scheme, the method for cultivating chenopodium quinoa sprouting vegetables in summer comprises the steps that during June to August, soil preparation, base fertilizer application, ditching and planting substrate laying are conducted; the chenopodium quinoa seeds subjected to coating treatment are sown, leaf fertilizer is sprayed in the four-leaf period, and root topdressing is conducted; in the whole cultivation period, the soil humidity is kept at 70-80%; the planting substrate absorbs water until the humidity is kept at 60-80%, then is mixed with base fertilizer, and is laid in the ditches. According to the method, the problems that damping-off of the chenopodium quinoa willd sprouting vegetables occurs on a large scale during summer planting, leaves become small, the taste of the chenopodium quinoa willd sprouting vegetables is poor and the like in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer. Background Art

[0002] Quinoa (Chenopodimu quinoa willd, 2n = 4x = 36) is an annual dicotyledonous plant of the Chenopodium genus of the Amaranthaceae subfamily (Chenopodiaceae), native to the Andes Mountains in South America. Quinoa is rich in nutrients such as protein, starch, fat, minerals, and vitamins. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regards quinoa as a single food crop that can meet the basic nutritional needs of the human body and recommends it as the most suitable complete nutritious food for humans. In addition to grains as food, young leaves can also be eaten as leafy vegetables. The young leaves have a fine taste and a fresh fragrance. Quinoa leaves are also rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, ash, vitamins and minerals (especially calcium, iron, sodium, etc.) and bioactive substances such as polyphenols, flavonoids and carotenoids. γ-aminobutyric acid, total flavonoids and total polyphenols are higher than those in grains, while anti-nutrient saponins are lower than those in grains.

[0003] Quinoa sprouts can be cooked and eaten, and are also the raw materials for related food industries, such as quinoa leaf tea, quinoa leaf noodles, quinoa leaf bread, quinoa sprout drinks, etc.

[0004] There have been many studies on the cultivation of quinoa sprouts in recent years. Quinoa sprouts are divided into two types: seedlings and sprouts. Seedling quinoa has a growth period of 30-45 days, while sprouts have a growth period of only about 3 days.

[0005] In terms of seedlings, Zhang Qinping (Study on the nutritional function and quality characteristics of quinoa sprouts [D]. Chengdu University, 2020.) evaluated the quality performance of different genotypes of quinoa at different harvesting periods in a greenhouse in Qingdao, Shandong in September. The study found that there were differences in the vegetable quality of different quinoa genotypes, and the optimal harvest period for varieties with better quality was about 27 days after sowing. Yao Yanhui (Yao Yanhui. Screening of new varieties of seedling-type quinoa and evaluation of genetic diversity [D]. Shanxi Agricultural University, 2022.) sowed in a greenhouse in Shanxi Province in May, with conventional planting management, and harvested at 30d, 35d, 40d, 45d, and 50d after sowing. The study showed that the most suitable time was 40-45d. Mei Li (Mei Li, Han Lihong, Zhu Ning, et al. Facility cultivation technology of quinoa [J]. Zhejiang Agricultural Science) believed that quinoa sprouts were not suitable for production from June to August.

[0006] In terms of sprouts, Wei Junyu (Wei Junyu. Selection of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) varieties suitable for factory production of sprouts, nutritional characteristics and cultivation technology [D]. Nanjing Agricultural University, 2019.) selected some quinoa varieties suitable for factory production with the goal of factory production, and believed that quinoa sprouts cultured for 24 hours under dark conditions are most suitable for consumption. Li Xinpeng (Li Xinpeng, Li Zhanrong, et al. Effect of germination time on the nutritional and functional components of quinoa sprouts [J]. Food and Fermentation Industry) used hydroponics to study the changes in nutritional components of quinoa sprouts from 0 to 96 hours of germination, and found that the time for accumulating the maximum values ​​of nutritional components and functional components is different. The germination time can be controlled according to production needs to obtain quinoa sprouts that meet the expected quality.

[0007] According to the above research, quinoa is generally cultivated in April and May. In the field or greenhouse, after the land is plowed, a certain amount of fertilizer is applied, and ridges may or may not be formed. Quinoa is sown without treatment, and can be broadcast or sown in furrows, and watered in time. Harvested in time 29-45 days after sowing, the maximum yield of about 1,000 kg / mu can be obtained. If cultivated in June-August, the damping-off disease that rarely occurs during the cultivation period of April-May will occur on a large scale. Quinoa damping-off disease is caused by fungi and infects quinoa in a humid environment of 25-30℃, and the yield reduction is generally more than 50%. At the same time, quinoa seedlings accelerate into reproductive growth, the leaves become smaller, and the quality is reduced. Due to the premature entry into reproductive growth, quinoa tastes poor.

[0008] Since quinoa was introduced relatively recently, it is currently generally used as a coarse grain and less as a vegetable. The excellent nutritional properties of quinoa seedlings give it a certain development prospect, but it is susceptible to diseases and high temperatures in summer, which reduces the yield and quality of quinoa seedlings, making it difficult to achieve year-round continuous production and supply. Therefore, it is necessary to study a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for seedling-type quinoa in summer. Among them, pest and disease control is a major component of summer planting technology. The present invention proposes a comprehensive cultivation method to achieve the goal of high-yield and high-efficiency planting of quinoa seedlings in plains. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer, which solves the problems in the prior art of large-scale damping-off disease, smaller leaves and poor taste of quinoa sprouts when planted in summer.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0011] The invention discloses a method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer. The method comprises the following steps: during June to August, land preparation, application of base fertilizer, trenching and laying of planting substrates; sowing quinoa seeds after coating treatment, spraying foliar fertilizer at the 4-leaf stage and performing root topdressing; during the entire cultivation period, maintaining soil moisture at 70-80%; the planting substrate absorbs water until the moisture is maintained at 60-80%, then mixing in base fertilizer and laying in trenches.

[0012] Preferably, the soil in the ditch is loosened to a thickness of 15 to 35 cm, and the thickness of the laid planting substrate is 5 to 15 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the base fertilizer is compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 40-55 kg / mu, wherein the mass ratio of the base fertilizer applied after land preparation to the base fertilizer applied in the planting matrix is ​​2-5:1.

[0014] Preferably, the process of coating the quinoa seeds is to add imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin to the coating agent, and the mass ratio of the total amount of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin to the coating agent is 1-2:1-2; when dressing the seeds, the imidacloprid is prepared into a 150-250 times liquid, and the pyraclostrobin is prepared into a 50-150 times liquid; the mass ratio of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin is 1-2:1-2.

[0015] Preferably, the sowing rate of quinoa seeds is 70-80 kg / ha.

[0016] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer includes 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01% brassinolide, and the root is top-dressed with ammonium bicarbonate, the dosage is 18-30 kg / mu, the number of topdressing is 2-10 times, and the interval between each time is 8-12 days.

[0017] Preferably, the planting matrix includes carbonized rice husk, peat, vermiculite, blue stone, phytolith, perlite and coconut bran.

[0018] Preferably, the planting matrix comprises, by weight, 20 to 40 parts of carbonized rice husks, 25 to 60 parts of peat, 5 to 10 parts of vermiculite, 2 to 5 parts of bluestone, 5 to 8 parts of planting stone, 10 to 15 parts of perlite and 5 to 15 parts of coconut bran.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method of the planting matrix is: soaking blue stone, planting stone and perlite in water for 10 to 30 minutes, taking them out, and mixing them evenly with vermiculite, carbonized rice husks, peat and coconut bran. During the mixing process, water is added to keep the humidity at 60 to 80%.

[0020] Preferably, the quinoa sprouts are harvested at a time of 23 to 33 days.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The use of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin in the ratio disclosed in the present invention can effectively improve the survival rate of quinoa seedlings, thereby increasing the yield of quinoa seedlings. The present invention can increase the survival rate of quinoa seedlings to about 98%, and the present invention can increase the yield of quinoa seedlings to about 175kg / mu.

[0023] 2. The use of the planting matrix of the present invention can effectively increase the leaf size of quinoa seedlings, that is, the area of ​​the leaves of a single plant is larger, thereby increasing the yield of quinoa seedlings; at the same time, it also increases the proportion of the leaves in the total weight, thereby making the taste of quinoa sprouts better. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the implementation examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] The invention discloses a method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer. During June to August, land preparation, basal fertilizer application, furrowing, ridge formation, furrow spacing of 10 to 15 cm, sowing furrows on the ridges, loosening the soil in the furrows, the thickness of the loosened soil is 15 to 35 cm, and planting substrates are laid in the furrows, the thickness of the laid planting substrates is 5 to 15 cm. Then, quinoa seeds after coating treatment are sown, foliar fertilizer is sprayed at the 4-leaf stage, and root topdressing is performed; during the entire cultivation period, the soil humidity is maintained at 70 to 80%; the planting substrate absorbs water until the humidity is maintained at 60 to 80%, then the basal fertilizer is mixed in, and the substrate is laid in the furrows. The harvesting time of the quinoa sprouts is 23 to 33 days.

[0026] Furthermore, the base fertilizer is compound fertilizer, and Meifeng 30-6-0 compound fertilizer can be selected. Of course, other brands of compound fertilizers can also be selected. The application amount is 40-55 kg / mu, among which the mass ratio of the base fertilizer applied after land preparation to the base fertilizer applied in the planting matrix is ​​2-5:1.

[0027] Furthermore, the quinoa seed coating process is to add imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin to the coating agent, the mass ratio of the total amount of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin to the coating agent is 1-2:1-2; when dressing the seeds, the imidacloprid is prepared into a 150-250 times liquid, and the pyraclostrobin is prepared into a 50-150 times liquid; the mass ratio of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin is 1-2:1-2. The dosage relationship between the coating agent and the seeds is determined according to the reference dosage of the commercially available coating agent.

[0028] Furthermore, the sowing amount of quinoa seeds is 70-80 kg / ha.

[0029] Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer includes 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01% brassinolide, and the root is topdressed with ammonium bicarbonate, the dosage is 18-30 kg / mu, the number of topdressing is 2-10 times, and the interval between each time is 8-12 days. The root topdressing can also be replaced by other quick-acting fertilizers, and the amount of topdressing and base fertilizer can be adjusted according to the fertility of the local soil.

[0030] Furthermore, the planting matrix includes carbonized rice husk, peat, vermiculite, blue stone, planting stone, perlite and coconut bran.

[0031] Furthermore, the planting matrix includes, by weight, 20 to 40 parts of carbonized rice husks, 25 to 60 parts of peat, 5 to 10 parts of vermiculite, 2 to 5 parts of bluestone, 5 to 8 parts of planting stone, 10 to 15 parts of perlite and 5 to 15 parts of coconut bran.

[0032] Furthermore, the preparation method of the planting matrix is: soaking blue stone, planting stone and perlite in water for 10 to 30 minutes, taking them out, and mixing them evenly with vermiculite, carbonized rice husks, peat and coconut bran. During the mixing process, water is added to keep the humidity at 60 to 80%.

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Cultivation method of quinoa sprouts in Chengdu Plain from June to August:

[0036] 1. Work was carried out in Pi County, the core area of ​​the Chengdu Plain, and meteorological parameters related to planting were investigated. Youai Town, Pidu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, with an altitude of about 500m, has a subtropical monsoon humid climate, mild and rainy, foggy, less sunshine, long frost-free period, annual average temperature of 16.0℃, precipitation of 979.4mm, and sunshine of 1014 hours. The soil of the test site is sandy loam, with a 20-30cm tillage layer. From June to August, the average minimum temperature is 22.3℃ and the average maximum temperature is 31.2℃.

[0037] 2. Before tilling, apply 40kg of Meifeng 30-6-0 compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer. Prepare the land for sowing, make ridges, and dig sowing furrows with a furrow distance of 15cm; lay the planting matrix. Mix 10kg of compound fertilizer into the planting matrix.

[0038] The preparation method of the planting matrix is ​​as follows: soak the blue stone, the planting stone and the perlite in water for 20 minutes, take them out, mix them evenly with the vermiculite, the carbonized rice husk, the peat and the coconut husk, and add water during the mixing process to keep the humidity at 70%. During the mixing process, when the carbonized rice husk and the peat are mixed with other materials, the pH of the entire matrix needs to be monitored. Therefore, when adding the carbonized rice husk and the peat, they are not added at one time, but can be added in multiple times, so that the pH of the entire planting matrix is ​​6.0 to 7.5; of course, other raw materials can also be used to adjust its pH value, such as gypsum.

[0039] 3. Quinoa seeds were coated, and imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin were added to the coating agent. The preparation method was as follows: first, 100 times of pyraclostrobin solution and 200 times of imidacloprid solution were prepared respectively, and the two were mixed; then, the mixed solution was mixed with the commercially available coating agent in a ratio of 1:1.

[0040] 4. Sow at a sowing rate of 75kg / ha, spray the leaves with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01% brassinolide at the 4-leaf stage, and topdress the roots with 23kg / mu of ammonium bicarbonate, twice, 10 days apart. Water in time during cultivation to keep the soil moisture between 70% and 80%.

[0041] 5. Harvest 30 days after sowing.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] 1. Based on Example 1, the effects of different ratios of planting substrates on quinoa seedlings were studied. Unless otherwise specified, the other processes were the same as in Example 1. The specific ratios are shown in Table 1 below. The control group 1 (local soil) was used without adding planting substrate, the control group 2 was used with a mass ratio of river sand and loam of 1:1, and the control group 3 was used without soaking in water, including blue stone, planting stone and perlite.

[0044] Table 1 Planting substrates with different proportions (parts by weight)

[0045] Group Carbonized rice husk peat Vermiculite Blue Stone plant gold stone Perlite Coconut peat Group 1 20 30 5 3 5 10 6 Group 2 30 25 7 3 5 10 6 Group 3 40 60 10 3 5 10 6 Group 4 / 25 10 3 5 10 6 Group 5 20 / 5 3 5 10 6 Group 6 / / 5 3 5 10 6 Group 7 20 30 5 / / 10 6 Control group 3 30 25 7 3 5 10 6

[0046] Based on the above Table 1, the effects of different planting substrates in each group on quinoa seedlings during the growth period were determined, and the results are shown in the following Table 2.

[0047] Table 2 Effects of different substrate treatments on quinoa seedlings

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] 2. Based on Group 2 in Table 2, the effects of different ratios of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin on quinoa seedlings were studied, and the results are shown in Table 3. Among them, imidacloprid was prepared into a 200-fold solution, and pyraclostrobin was prepared into a 100-fold solution.

[0051] Table 3 Effects of different ratios of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin (mass ratio) on quinoa seedlings

[0052] Group Imidacloprid Pyraclostrobin Diseased seedling rate / % Insect larvae rate / % Survival rate / % Group 1 1 1 3.0 2.5 85.6 Group 2 2 1 0.2 0.3 97.8 Group 3 1 2 2.1 3.3 86.4

[0053] 3. Based on the groups in Table 1, seed dressing was performed according to Group 2 in Table 3 to study the effect of different fertilization amounts on yield. The number of fertilizations and intervals and other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0054] Table 4 Effect of different fertilizer application rates on yield (fresh weight / kg)

[0055] Group Fertilizer amount / kg Output / kg Fertilizer amount / kg Output / kg Fertilizer amount / kg Output / kg Group 1 18 154.2 23 157.6 30 149.7 Group 2 18 172.6 23 174.9 30 168.6 Group 3 18 165.4 23 170.1 30 153.2 Group 4 18 134.7 23 142.0 30 146.9 Group 5 18 116.8 23 128.3 30 133.6 Group 6 18 87.5 23 92.6 30 98.4 Group 7 18 156.7 23 162.8 30 166.5 Control group 1 18 75.4 23 82.4 30 87.0 Control group 2 18 78.6 23 85.2 30 91.3 Control group 3 18 168.6 23 173.5 30 160.1

[0056] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer, characterized in that: During June to August, the land is prepared, basal fertilizer is applied, trenches are dug and planting substrates are laid; quinoa seeds after coating treatment are sown, foliar fertilizer is sprayed at the 4-leaf stage, and root topdressing is performed; during the entire cultivation period, the soil moisture is maintained at 70-80%; the planting substrate absorbs water until the moisture is maintained at 60-80%, then the basal fertilizer is mixed in and laid in the trench.

2. A method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil in the ditch is loosened to a thickness of 15 to 35 cm, and the thickness of the laid planting substrate is 5 to 15 cm.

3. A method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 40-55 kg / mu, wherein the mass ratio of the base fertilizer applied after land preparation to the base fertilizer applied in the planting matrix is ​​2-5:

1.

4. The method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quinoa seed coating treatment process comprises adding imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin to the coating agent, wherein the mass ratio of the total amount of imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin to the coating agent is 1-2:1-2; when dressing the seeds, the imidacloprid is prepared into a 150-250 times liquid, and the pyraclostrobin is prepared into a 50-150 times liquid; and the mass ratio of imidacloprid to pyraclostrobin is 1-2:1-2.

5. The method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing amount of the quinoa seeds is 70-80 kg / ha.

6. The method for growing quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer comprises 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01% brassinolide, and the root is topdressed with ammonium bicarbonate, with an amount of 18-30 kg / mu, 2-10 times of topdressing, and each time interval is 8-12 days.

7. The method for growing quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting matrix includes carbonized rice husk, peat, vermiculite, blue stone, planting stone, perlite and coconut bran.

8. The method for growing quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 7, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the planting matrix includes 20 to 40 parts of carbonized rice husks, 25 to 60 parts of peat, 5 to 10 parts of vermiculite, 2 to 5 parts of blue stone, 5 to 8 parts of planting stone, 10 to 15 parts of perlite and 5 to 15 parts of coconut bran.

9. A method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The preparation method of the planting matrix is ​​as follows: soaking blue stone, planting stone and perlite in water for 10-30 minutes, taking them out, and evenly mixing them with vermiculite, carbonized rice husk, peat and coconut bran; during the mixing process, adding water to keep the humidity at 60-80%.

10. A method for cultivating quinoa sprouts in summer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The quinoa sprouts are harvested at a time of 23 to 33 days.

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