Extremely simple fish passing system

Abstract

The invention discloses a very simple fish passing system, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Comprising a fish luring and collecting mechanism, a lifting mechanism is arranged on the fish luring and collecting mechanism, and a transfer control mechanism is arranged on the lifting mechanism; the fish luring and collecting mechanism comprises a fishway, a fish screen arranged on the downstream side of the fishway, water retaining doors arranged at the head end and the tail end of the fishway, a flow monitoring device arranged at a downstream inlet of the fishway, a flow speed control gate arranged on the upstream of the flow monitoring device, and a reducing cage arranged on the upstream of the flow speed control gate. The fish quantity monitoring device is arranged at the upstream of the reducing cage, the lower fish blocking net and the upper fish blocking net are arranged at the upstream of the fish quantity monitoring device, the trash rack is arranged at the upstream of the upper fish blocking net, and a fish collecting space is formed between the lower fish blocking net and the upper fish blocking net; the overhauling operation bent frame and the manual opening and closing device are arranged on the upper portion of the fishway. The whole structure is simple, necessary fish luring, collecting and transporting facilities are complete, and the requirement for small-scale fish passing tasks can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a minimalist fish passing system, belonging to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of water conservancy, more and more rivers are blocked by dams, destroying the natural continuation of the original river ecology. The construction of fish-passing facilities has also become an important part of the current water conservancy project construction. At present, the mainstream fish-passing facilities include fishways, fish lifts and fish collection and transportation systems. Each type of fish-passing facility has its advantages and disadvantages. The fish collection and transportation system is suitable for high dam fish-passing, but the traditional fish collection and transportation system is relatively complex, with more equipment and more complicated operation. For some high dams with smaller fish-passing scales, the construction cost is high, resources are wasted, and funds are difficult to support. In order to solve the problem of meeting the scale of fish-passing, reducing overall investment, and not wasting resources, the research of small and simple fish-passing systems is imperative. If there is a practical small and simple fish-passing system, it can not only meet the basic fish-passing function requirements, but also maximize the savings in construction costs and simplify operation, which is of great significance to ecological protection and rational use of resources. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a minimalist fish passing system, which simplifies the structure of the fish passing system, retains the necessary fish passing mechanism, saves the overall engineering workload of the fish passing system, and can meet small-scale fish passing tasks.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a minimalist fish passing system, comprising a fish attracting and gathering mechanism, a lifting mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the fish attracting and gathering mechanism, and a control transport mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the lifting mechanism; The fish attracting and gathering mechanism comprises a fishway, a fish fence arranged on the downstream side of the fishway, a water retaining gate arranged at the head end and the end of the fishway, a flow monitoring device arranged at the downstream inlet of the fishway, a flow rate control gate arranged upstream of the flow monitoring device, a diameter reduction cage arranged upstream of the flow rate control gate, a fish quantity monitoring device arranged upstream of the diameter reduction cage, a lower fish intercepting net and an upper fish intercepting net arranged upstream of the fish quantity monitoring device, and a trash rack arranged upstream of the upper fish intercepting net, wherein a fish gathering space is formed between the lower fish intercepting net and the upper fish intercepting net; the fish attracting and gathering mechanism also comprises a maintenance and operation rack and a manual opening and closing device arranged on the upper part of the fishway.

[0005] In the aforementioned minimalist fish passage system, the fishway is a U-shaped corridor, which is trumpet-shaped at both ends; the fish barrier is a chain structure that spans the river channel and has its own weak current; the flow rate control gate is V-shaped, and the opening can be adjusted according to the flow value monitored and fed back by the flow monitoring device.

[0006] In the aforementioned extremely simple fish passing system, the reduced-diameter cage, the fish quantity monitoring device, the lower fish intercepting net and the upper fish intercepting net form an integral fishing mechanism; the reduced-diameter cage is composed of a frame A with reduced diameters on four sides, a surface net A with an aperture smaller than the minimum fish gathering target volume and an outlet; the lower fish intercepting net is composed of a frame B, a surface net B with an aperture smaller than the minimum fish gathering target volume and a bottom inlet; the fish quantity monitoring device is composed of a fish passing tube and a monitor; the outlet, the fish passing tube and the bottom inlet are connected; the upper fish intercepting net is composed of a frame C and a surface net C with an aperture smaller than the minimum fish gathering target volume; the fish gathering space is composed of a swimming space and a caisson pool; the trash rack is composed of a frame D, bars and lifting ears.

[0007] In the aforementioned minimalist fish passing system, the lifting mechanism includes a rack, a support frame is installed in the middle of the rack, a lifting track is installed on the support frame, the bottom of the lifting track is connected to the fish transport bucket, and an electric opening and closing device is arranged on the top of the lifting track, and the opening and closing device can lift the fish transport bucket; the fish transport bucket includes a fish transport bucket box body, a water leakage hole is arranged on the upper part of the fish transport bucket box body, an automatic fish release port is arranged at the bottom of the fish transport bucket box body, a frame lifting ear is arranged on the top of the fish transport bucket box body, and a three-way guide wheel is arranged on the side of the fish transport bucket box body, the three-way guide wheel and the lifting track cooperate to reciprocate up and down, and a fish release valve plug is arranged inside the fish transport bucket box body.

[0008] In the aforementioned minimalist fish passing system, the control and transfer mechanism includes a control room, a track is arranged on the top of the control room, a hole is arranged on the bottom of the control room, a traffic bridge is arranged on the side of the control room, a fish collecting pond is arranged on the control room side of the traffic bridge, a fish transport vehicle is arranged on the river bank at the other end of the traffic bridge, and a control system is arranged in the control room; the fish collecting pond includes a fish collecting pond box, a water leakage hole is arranged on the upper part of the fish collecting pond box, a supporting frame is arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting pond, a top rod is arranged inside the fish collecting pond, a fish releasing valve and a fish releasing hose are arranged on the side of the fish collecting pond, and the fish collecting pond can cooperate with the fish transport bucket to realize automatic fish releasing.

[0009] Beneficial effects of the invention: Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned technical scheme, so that the overall structure of the entire fish passing system is simple, which can save the amount of civil engineering work to the greatest extent, and the fish passing operation process is simple, the technology is mature and reliable, the construction cost is relatively low, and the necessary fish luring, fish gathering and fish transportation facilities are complete, which can meet the small-scale fish passing tasks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the side structure of Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fish attracting and gathering mechanism; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a top view structure; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fishing organization; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a top view structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper fish blocking net; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower fish intercepting net; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fish population monitoring device; Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the reduced diameter cage; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fish gathering space; Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trash rack; Fig.13 It is a structural diagram of the lifting mechanism; Fig.14 for Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the side structure of Fig.15 for Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a top view structure; Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control transport mechanism; Fig.17 for Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the side structure of Fig.18 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fish transport bucket; Fig.19 for Fig.18 A schematic diagram of a top view structure; Fig. 20 This is a structural diagram of the fish pond; Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of the coordination between the fish transport bucket and the fish collection pond; Fig. 22 This is a schematic diagram of the coordination between the fish transport bucket and the fish gathering space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0012] Embodiment of the present invention: A minimalist fish passing system, comprising a fish attracting and gathering mechanism 1, a lifting mechanism 2 and a control and transportation mechanism 3, wherein the lifting mechanism 2 is arranged on the upper part of the fish attracting and gathering mechanism 1, and the control and transportation mechanism 3 is arranged on the upper part of the lifting mechanism 2. The fish attracting and gathering mechanism 1 is used to attract fish and collect the attracted fish, the lifting mechanism 2 is used to lift the fish collected by the fish attracting and gathering mechanism 1, and the control and transportation mechanism 3 is used to transport the fish lifted by the lifting mechanism 2 to the destination.

[0013] The fish attracting and gathering mechanism includes a fishway 101, a fish barrier 102, a water gate 103, a flow monitoring device 104, a flow rate control gate 105, a diameter reduction cage 106, a fish quantity monitoring device 107, a lower fish barrier net 108, an upper fish barrier net 110, a trash rack 111, a maintenance and operation rack 112 and a manual opening and closing device 113.

[0014] The fish fence 102 is arranged in the river channel on the downstream side of the fishway 101, and the other equipment is arranged in the fishway 101. The fishway 101 is a U-shaped corridor, and both the head and tail are trumpet-shaped to guide water flow and fish; the fish fence 102 is a chain-like structure across the river channel, and its own weak current can automatically drive fish and guide them to swim to the trumpet mouth downstream of the fishway 101. The water retaining gate 103 is arranged at the head and end of the fishway 101. The water retaining gate 103 can be lowered at the same time to retain water for the inspection of all equipment in the fishway 101. Usually, it is lifted from the fishway 101 to realize the water passing through the water channel. The flow monitoring device 104 is arranged at the downstream entrance of the fishway 101. The flow rate control gate 105, the diameter reduction cage 106, the fish quantity monitoring device 107, the lower fish retaining net 108, the upper fish retaining net 110, and the trash rack 111 are arranged in the fishway 101 upstream of the flow monitoring device 104. A fish collecting space 109 is formed between the lower fish intercepting net 108 and the upper fish intercepting net 110. The flow rate control gate 105 is V-shaped, and can be opened according to the flow value monitored and fed back by the flow monitoring device 104 to create a water flow with a suitable flow rate to attract fish at the downstream bell mouth of the fishway 101 to enter the fishway 101; the reduced diameter cage 106, the fish quantity monitoring device 107, the lower fish intercepting net 108 and the upper fish intercepting net 110 form an integrated fishing mechanism; the reduced diameter cage 106 is composed of a frame A1061 with reduced diameters on four sides, a surface net A1062 with an aperture smaller than the minimum target volume for collecting fish, and an outlet 1063; the lower fish intercepting net 108 is composed of a frame B1081, an aperture B1082, and an aperture B1083. The surface net B1082 with an aperture smaller than the minimum target volume for fish gathering and a bottom inlet 1083 are composed; the fish quantity monitoring device 107 is composed of a fish tube 1071 and a monitor 1072; the outlet 1063, the fish tube 1071 and the bottom inlet 1083 are connected; the upper fish intercepting net 110 is composed of a frame C1101 and a surface net C1102 with an aperture smaller than the minimum target volume for fish gathering, which can completely confine the fish in the fish gathering space 109; the fish gathering space 109 is composed of a swimming space 1091 and a caisson pool 1092, which can limit the fish activity space and store the fish transport bucket 204 at the bottom of the pool. The trash rack 111 is composed of a frame D1111, bars 1112 and lugs 1113. The gaps between the bars 1112 are relatively large, which can block large trash from entering the upstream bell mouth of the fishway 101 to avoid damaging the fish gathering space 109, while trying not to block the upstream water. When there is a lot of trash, it can be lifted and removed through the lugs 1113. The maintenance and operation rack 112 and the manual opening and closing device 113 are arranged on the upper part of the fish attracting and gathering mechanism 1, and can be used to inspect the equipment arranged in the fishway 1.

[0015] By using the equipment and mechanism with the above structural characteristics, it is not difficult to obtain that the fish in the downstream of the river are first driven and restricted by the fish fence 102, and gathered at the bell mouth on the downstream side of the fishway 101. The flow rate control gate 105 adjusts the opening according to the flow value monitored and fed back by the flow monitoring device 104, and creates a water flow with a suitable flow rate, further attracting the fish at the bell mouth downstream of the fishway 101 to enter the fishway 101 and swim upstream. The fish further enter the fish gathering space 109 through the reduced diameter cage 106, the fish number monitoring device 107, and the lower fish intercepting net 108. Due to the reduced diameter structure of the reduced diameter cage 106, the probability of fish returning downstream is further limited. At the same time, the number of fish entering the fish gathering space 109 is monitored and measured. Through the restriction of the upper fish intercepting net 110, the fish gathering space 109 can continuously gather fish.

[0016] The lifting mechanism 2 includes a rack 201, a support frame 202 is set in the middle of the rack 201, the support frame 202 is a steel structure triangular support, a lifting track 203 is set on the support frame 202, the lifting track 203 is a steel structure channel steel track, the bottom of the lifting track 203 is connected to the fish transport bucket 204, the fish transport bucket 204 is a hydraulic automatic mechanical opening and closing box structure, which can automatically lift and release fish, a limit device is set on the fish transport bucket 204, which can cooperate with the lifting track 203, and an electric opening and closing device 205 is set on the top of the lifting track 203, and the electric opening and closing device 205 can lift the fish transport bucket 204. The fish transport bucket 204 includes a fish transport bucket box 2041, a water leakage hole is arranged on the upper part of the fish transport bucket box 2041, and when the fish transport bucket 204 is lifted, there is a certain distance between the water surface in the bucket and the top of the bucket to prevent fish from jumping out, an automatic fish release port is arranged at the bottom of the box 2041, and it is used to automatically release fish, a frame lifting ear 2042 is arranged on the top of the fish transport bucket box 2041, and a three-way guide wheel 2043 is arranged on the side of the fish transport bucket box 2041. The three-way guide wheel 2043 cooperates with the lifting track 203 to reciprocate up and down without leaving the predetermined track, and a fish release valve plug 2044 is arranged inside the fish transport bucket box 2041.

[0017] By using the equipment and mechanism with the above structural characteristics, it is not difficult to obtain that the fish transport bucket 204 is initially located in the caisson pool 1092. At this time, the fish release valve plug 2044 is located at the bottom of the fish transport bucket box 2041 due to its own weight, and the fish release port is automatically blocked to transport fish. When the fish collected in the fish collecting space 109 reaches a certain number, the fish transport bucket 204 is lifted by the electric opening and closing device 205 to lift the collected fish. The lifting mechanism 2 adopts a frame-type rack structure, reasonably designs the fish transport bucket 204, and uses the clever cooperation of the three-way guide wheel 2043 and the lifting track 203. The structure is simple, the amount of engineering investment is extremely small, but it does not affect the efficient lifting of fish.

[0018] The control and transfer mechanism 3 includes a control room 301, a track 302 is arranged on the top of the control room 301, a hole 303 is arranged at the bottom of the control room 301, a traffic bridge 304 is arranged on the side of the control room 301, a fish collecting pond 305 is arranged on the control room side of the traffic bridge 304, a fish transport vehicle 306 is arranged on the river bank at the other end of the traffic bridge 304, and a control system 307 is arranged in the control room 301; the fish collecting pond 305 includes a fish collecting pond box 3051, a water leakage hole is arranged on the upper part of the fish collecting pond box 3051, a supporting frame is arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting pond 305, a top rod 3053 is arranged inside the fish collecting pond 305, a fish releasing valve 3054 and a fish releasing hose 3055 are arranged on the side of the fish collecting pond 305, and the fish collecting pond 305 can cooperate with the fish transport bucket 204 to realize automatic fish releasing. A control system 307 is provided in the control room 301. The control system 307 receives the flow value monitored and fed back by the flow monitoring device 104 to control the opening of the gate 105 to attract fish. At the same time, the control system 307 receives the fish entry number signal received by the fish number monitoring device 107, controls the electric opening and closing device 205 to lift the fish transport bucket 204 through the hole 303 to enter the control room 301. A limit device is provided on the top track 302 of the control room 301, which can accurately move the fish transport bucket 204 to the fish pool 301 through the track 302. 5, and then put down the fish transport bucket 204, the fish transport bucket box 2041 enters the fish collecting pond box 3051, the top rod 3053 lifts the fish release valve plug 2044, and the fish in the fish transport bucket box 2041 automatically flow out from the bottom of the fish release port into the fish collecting pond box 3051, and the fish are lifted and released repeatedly in this way. After a certain number of fish are collected in the fish collecting pond box 3051, the fish release valve 3054 is opened, and the fish enter the fish transport vehicle 306 through the fish release hose 3055, and are transported to the upstream of the dam by the fish transport vehicle 306 to achieve the purpose of passing the fish.

[0019] By utilizing the equipment and mechanisms having the above-mentioned structural characteristics, it is not difficult to obtain that, through the joint dispatching operation of the control system 306 and the flow monitoring device 104 and the fish quantity monitoring device 107 and other equipment, the fish collected and lifted by the fish transport bucket 204 can be successfully placed into the fish collecting pond 305 and further placed into the fish transport vehicle 306 and transported to the upstream of the dam to achieve the purpose of fish passing. The structure is simple and the operation is simple and reliable.

[0020] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A minimalist fish passing system, characterized by: It comprises a fish attracting and gathering mechanism (1), a lifting mechanism (2) is arranged on the upper part of the fish attracting and gathering mechanism (1), and a control and transfer mechanism (3) is arranged on the upper part of the lifting mechanism (2); The fish attracting and gathering mechanism (1) comprises a fishway (101), a fish fence (102) arranged at the downstream side of the fishway (101), a water retaining gate (103) arranged at the head end and the tail end of the fishway (101), a flow monitoring device (104) arranged at the downstream inlet of the fishway (101), a flow rate control gate (105) arranged upstream of the flow monitoring device (104), a diameter reducing cage (106) arranged upstream of the flow rate control gate (105), and a flow control device (106) arranged on the diameter reducing cage (106). A fish number monitoring device (107) for swimming, a lower fish blocking net (108) and an upper fish blocking net (110) arranged upstream of the fish number monitoring device (107), and a trash rack (111) arranged upstream of the upper fish blocking net (110), wherein a fish gathering space (109) is formed between the lower fish blocking net (108) and the upper fish blocking net (110); the fish attracting and gathering mechanism (1) further comprises a maintenance and operation rack (112) and a manual opening and closing device (113) arranged on the upper part of the fishway (101); The lifting mechanism (2) comprises a rack (201), a support frame (202) is arranged in the middle of the rack (201), a lifting track (203) is arranged on the support frame (202), the bottom of the lifting track (203) is connected to the fish transport bucket (204), and an electric opening and closing device (205) is arranged on the top of the lifting track (203); the fish transport bucket (204) comprises a fish transport bucket box (2041), a water leakage hole is arranged on the upper part of the fish transport bucket box (2041), an automatic fish release port is arranged at the bottom of the fish transport bucket box (2041), a frame lifting lug (2042) is arranged on the top of the fish transport bucket box (2041), a three-way guide wheel (2043) is arranged on the side of the fish transport bucket box (2041), and a fish release valve plug (2044) is arranged inside the fish transport bucket box (2041); The control and transfer mechanism (3) comprises a control room (301), a track (302) is arranged on the top of the control room (301), a hole (303) is arranged on the bottom of the control room (301), a traffic bridge (304) is arranged on the side of the control room (301), a fish collecting pond (305) is arranged on the control room side of the traffic bridge (304), a fish transport vehicle (306) is arranged on the river bank at the other end of the traffic bridge (304), and a control system (307) is arranged in the control room (301); the fish collecting pond (305) comprises a fish collecting pond box (3051), a water leakage hole is arranged on the top of the fish collecting pond box (3051), a supporting frame is arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting pond (305), a top rod (3053) is arranged inside the fish collecting pond (305), and a fish releasing valve (3054) and a fish releasing hose (3055) are arranged on the side of the fish collecting pond (305).

2. A minimalist fish passing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fishway (101) is a U-shaped corridor, with both ends being trumpet-shaped; the fish barrier (102) is a chain-like structure spanning the river and having its own weak current; the flow rate control gate (105) is V-shaped, and its opening can be adjusted according to the flow value monitored and fed back by the flow monitoring device (104).

3. A minimalist fish passing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The reduced-diameter cage (106), the fish quantity monitoring device (107), the lower fish intercepting net (108) and the upper fish intercepting net (110) form an integrated fishing mechanism; the reduced-diameter cage (106) is composed of a frame A (1061) with reduced diameters on four sides, a surface net A (1062) with an aperture smaller than the minimum target volume for fish gathering, and an outlet (1063); the lower fish intercepting net (108) is composed of a frame B (1081), a surface net B (1082) with an aperture smaller than the minimum target volume for fish gathering, and a bottom inlet (1083); the fish quantity monitoring device (107) is composed of a fish passage tube (1071) and a monitor (1072); the outlet (1063), the fish passage tube (1071) and the bottom inlet (1083) are connected; the upper fish intercepting net (110) is composed of a frame C (1101) and a surface net C (1102) whose aperture is smaller than the minimum fish gathering target volume; the fish gathering space (109) is composed of a swimming space (1091) and a caisson pool (1092); the trash rack (111) is composed of a frame D (1111), bars (1112) and lifting ears (1113).

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