Magnetically-controlled plasma arc wire powder synergistic surfacing device and surfacing method

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetron plasma arc wire powder synergistic surfacing device and a surfacing method. The device comprises a welding gun fixing support; the welding gun is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket, is used for realizing metallurgical bonding between a base material and cladding metal and comprises a welding gun tube, a non-consumable welding electrode and an inner nozzle assembly; the non-consumable welding electrode is wrapped by an insulating clamping sleeve and is fixed in the welding gun tube; the inner nozzle assembly is arranged between the welding gun tube and the welding electrode; the inner nozzle assembly is provided with a powder feeding port, a shielding gas nozzle and an ion gas nozzle; and the wire feeding mechanism is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket and is used for feeding cladding metal to the surface of a base material. The method has the beneficial effects that the electric arc is controllable, parameters such as the direction and speed of cladding metal entering a molten pool can be adjusted, the surfacing process is stable, chemical components of a cladding layer are adjustable and controllable, the cladding speed is high, robot surfacing can be achieved, the automation degree of surfacing is improved, and the labor cost of surfacing is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal material surfacing, and in particular relates to a magnetron plasma arc wire powder coordinated surfacing device and a surfacing method. Background Art

[0002] Arc cladding is a common material surface modification technology. It uses the heat generated by the arc to melt the substrate and the cladding metal (wire or powder), so that the substrate and the cladding metal can be metallurgically bonded, thereby obtaining a surface cladding layer with special properties. This method is currently widely used in petrochemical equipment, aerospace, weapons industry, energy and power equipment, etc. For example, the cladding of the inner wall of the oil pipeline is clad with corrosion-resistant coatings, the cladding of the guide teeth of the track plate of the tank is clad with wear-resistant coatings, and the cladding repair of damaged blades of the gas turbine is clad. However, there are several problems with this method at present: 1) In the cladding process, the cladding metal is mostly made of one of the wires or powders, and the cladding metal composition is single, so it is difficult to obtain a cladding layer metal with composite properties; 2) When powder cladding is used, a large part of the cladding powder will be blown away before entering the molten pool under the action of the welding shielding gas, reducing the utilization rate of the powder; 3) During the cladding process, the direction and rate of the cladding metal entering the molten pool are random and uncontrollable, resulting in unstable cladding performance; 4) In order to obtain good forming (front side) during the cladding process, the cladding process is very complex. The cladding process with proper forming and cross-sectional morphology), appropriate dilution rate and stable cladding process requires precise control of welding arc energy, wire (or powder) feeding speed and wire (or powder) feeding angle, and the parameters affect each other, making the debugging process complicated; 5) The cladding method with separate powder feeding or wire feeding has low cladding rate and low arc energy utilization; 6) The arc is easily affected by the surrounding magnetic field during cladding, making the cladding process unstable and causing various cladding defects; 7) Most cladding welding guns are bulky and can only be used for cladding of special machines, and the degree of cladding automation is low. All of the above problems limit the application of arc cladding in industrial production.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to design a magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing welding device with controllable arc, adjustable parameters such as the direction and rate of the cladding metal entering the molten pool, stable surfacing process, adjustable and controllable chemical composition of the cladding layer, and high cladding rate. With the help of the designed magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing welding device, robot surfacing can be realized, the degree of automation of surfacing welding can be improved, and the labor cost of surfacing welding can be reduced. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a controllable arc, adjustable parameters such as the direction and rate of the cladding metal entering the molten pool, stable cladding process, adjustable and controllable chemical composition of the cladding layer, and high cladding rate. With the help of the designed magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative cladding device, robot cladding can be realized, the degree of automation of cladding can be improved, and the labor cost of cladding can be reduced. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative cladding device and collaborative cladding method.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical measures: The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device described in the present invention is characterized by comprising: Welding gun fixing bracket; A welding gun arranged on a welding gun fixing bracket for realizing metallurgical bonding between a substrate and a cladding metal, the welding gun comprising a welding gun tube, a non-consumable welding electrode wrapped by an insulating clamping kit and fixed in the welding gun tube, and an inner nozzle assembly arranged between the welding gun tube and the welding electrode, the inner nozzle assembly being provided with a powder feeding port, a shielding gas nozzle and an ion gas nozzle; the welding gun tube comprising an electromagnetic field generator surrounding at least part of the welding electrode for generating a magnetron magnetic field between the substrate and the cladding metal, and an outer nozzle surrounding at least part of the electromagnetic field generator, a cavity being defined between the electromagnetic field generator and the welding electrode, the inner nozzle assembly being arranged at the lower part of the cavity close to the substrate, a conductive sleeve being arranged at the upper part of the cavity away from the substrate and being electrically connected to the welding electrode, the conductive sleeve being provided with a powder pipe joint connected to the powder feeding port, a shielding gas pipe joint connected to the shielding gas nozzle, an ion gas pipe joint connected to the ion gas nozzle and a water-cooled cable joint; and / or A wire feeding mechanism is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket and is used to feed the cladding metal to the surface of the substrate.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the welding gun fixing bracket is used to fix the welding gun and the wire feeding mechanism. The welding gun fixing bracket is connected to the robot and can drive the welding gun and the wire feeding mechanism to move according to the set trajectory. The welding gun fixing bracket is a gooseneck-shaped structure, which is provided with a wire feeding mechanism mounting hole, a mounting surface connected to the robot, a welding gun mounting hole, a positioning hole, and a routing hole for facilitating the arrangement of various pipelines of the welding gun. The pipelines involved in the welding gun are all routed inside the welding gun fixing bracket, which facilitates the flexible movement of the welding gun driven by the robot.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the electromagnetic field generator includes an iron core shaft and an electromagnetic coil, the iron core shaft includes an integrally formed shaft head and a hollow column extending along the axial centerline direction of the shaft head, the upper end of the shaft head away from the substrate is connected to the conductive sleeve, and the lower end face of the shaft head close to the substrate is crimped to the end of the outer nozzle away from the substrate; the hollow column is inserted between the outer nozzle and the insulating clamping kit, an annular cavity is arranged between the hollow column and the insulating clamping kit, the top of the annular cavity is blocked by the conductive sleeve, and the lower part of the annular cavity is blocked by the inner nozzle assembly; a fluid chamber is arranged between the hollow column and the outer nozzle, and a protective gas flow chamber for connecting the annular cavity and the protective gas flow chamber of the protective gas nozzle is arranged between the lower end of the hollow column and the lower port part of the inner nozzle assembly, and the protective gas can flow into the fluid chamber and the protective gas flow chamber in sequence from the protective gas pipe joint and then be sprayed on the surface of the substrate.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the electromagnetic field generator can arrange different types of electromagnetic coils according to the needs, so as to obtain different types of magnetic fields, such as winding an electromagnetic coil around the outer peripheral wall of the hollow column of the electromagnetic field generator or directly placing the electromagnetic coil in the fluid chamber and fixing it with the coil fixing hole. The current passed into the electromagnetic coil can be direct current, alternating current, pulse current or other current with special waveforms, so as to achieve precise control of the direction and intensity of the magnetic field.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the outer nozzle is provided with a first water-electric connector and a second water-electric connector connected to the fluid chamber, the cooling medium is transported to the fluid chamber via the first water-electric connector, and is discharged via the second water-electric connector, and the connection terminal of the electromagnetic coil is led to the outside of the fluid chamber via the first water-electric connector and / or the second water-electric connector and connected to an external power source. The present application adopts a water-electric integration form, through the first water-electric connector and the second water-electric connector, it can realize the cooling of the outer nozzle and the iron core shaft, and it can also realize the power supply of the electromagnetic coil to obtain the required magnetron magnetic field, and the cooling water is introduced into the fluid chamber, and the electromagnetic coil, the iron core shaft and the outer nozzle can be cooled at the same time, and the cooling effect is good.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the insulating clamping kit includes a welding electrode sleeve, an inner sleeve, an insulating spacer, and an outer sleeve which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the welding electrode is inserted in the welding electrode sleeve, and the insulating spacer is provided with a plurality of buffer channels connected with the inner nozzle assembly; the outer sleeve is sleeved on the lower part of the insulating spacer, the conductive sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the insulating spacer, and the upper end of the outer sleeve away from the substrate is tightly inserted between the conductive sleeve and the insulating spacer.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the axial lengths of the welding electrode jacket, the inner sleeve, the insulating spacer and the outer sleeve gradually decrease.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the inner nozzle assembly is a split nozzle, including an upper nozzle component and a lower nozzle component assembled at the lower end of the upper nozzle component, the upper nozzle component is provided with a first through hole and a middle powder delivery channel, a middle protective gas delivery channel, a lower ion gas delivery channel, and a lower water cooling connection channel arranged circumferentially around the through hole; the lower nozzle component is provided with a second through hole, a lower powder delivery channel connected to the middle powder delivery channel one-to-one, and a lower protective gas delivery channel corresponding to and connected to the middle protective gas delivery channel one-to-one, the lower ion gas delivery channel is connected to the second through hole of the lower nozzle component through the buffer channel on the insulating spacer, and the middle protective gas delivery channel is connected to the annular cavity. The middle powder delivery channel of the upper nozzle component and the lower powder delivery channel of the combined lower nozzle component together form a complete powder delivery channel. The cladding powder flows through the powder delivery pipe, the upper powder delivery channel, and the middle powder delivery channel in sequence via the powder pipe joint, and is ejected through the ion gas nozzle; the shielding gas flows through the annular cavity, the middle shielding gas conveying channel, the lower shielding gas conveying channel, and the shielding gas flow chamber in sequence via the shielding gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the shielding gas nozzle; the ion gas flows through the ion gas conveying pipe, the upper ion gas conveying channel, and the lower powder delivery channel in sequence via the ion gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the powder delivery port.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the shielding gas nozzle ring is arranged on the periphery of the ion gas nozzle, and the powder feeding port is arranged between the shielding gas nozzle and the ion gas nozzle.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, a buffer cavity is processed on the outer wall of the lower part of the insulating spacer, and the buffer cavity separates the insulating spacer into an upper section and a lower section. The lower section is circumferentially provided with a plurality of buffer channels extending in the axial direction of the insulating spacer, and the inlet of the buffer channel is connected with the lower ion gas transport channel of the upper nozzle component through the buffer cavity, and the outlet of the buffer channel is connected to the second through hole.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the conductive sleeve is provided with an upper powder feeding channel, an upper protective gas conveying channel, an upper ion gas conveying channel, and an upper water-cooling connecting channel, and the upper end of the upper powder feeding channel is equipped with a powder pipe joint, the upper end of the upper protective gas conveying channel is equipped with a protective gas pipe joint, the upper end of the upper ion gas conveying channel is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint, and the upper end of the upper water-cooling connecting channel is equipped with a water-cooling cable joint. The upper powder feeding channel, the powder feeding pipe, the middle powder feeding channel and the lower powder feeding channel are connected in sequence to form a complete powder feeding channel, the lower end of the upper protective gas conveying channel is connected with the annular cavity, the upper ion gas conveying channel, the ion gas conveying pipe, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel and the lower ion gas conveying channel are connected in sequence to form a complete ion gas injection channel, and the lower end of the upper water-cooling connecting channel is connected to the water-cooling connecting channel of the upper nozzle component through a water-cooling connecting pipe to form a complete cooling channel.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the conductive sleeve, and the conductive sleeve is fixed to the shaft head of the iron core shaft by a round head ejector pin. Under the action of the thread, the round head ejector pin is embedded in the annular groove of the outer wall of the conductive sleeve, which can not only realize the connection between the iron core shaft and the conductive sleeve, but also facilitate the adjustment of the circumferential relative position between the two, so as to realize the adjustment of the powder feeding direction. The present application is illustrated by taking two powder feeding ports as an example, and the powder feeding ports are circular holes of equal size. The powder feeding direction is defined as the angle between the connecting line of the projections of the two powder feeding ports on the surface of the substrate and the surfacing direction. The powder feeding angle is defined as the angle between the axis of the powder feeding port and the horizontal plane. The powder feeding angle depends on the angle of the powder feeding port on the inner nozzle. The adjustment of the powder feeding angle is realized by replacing the inner nozzle with powder feeding ports of different angles.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the welding gun also includes a pressing mechanism, which includes a protective cover and a pressure head. The protective cover is arranged at the upper end of the welding gun tube away from the substrate, and is used to cover the welding electrode and the conductive sleeve located outside the welding gun tube; the lower part of the pressure head is passed through the protective cover and connected to the welding electrode jacket, and is used to crimp the welding electrode into the welding gun tube.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the wire feeding mechanism includes a position adjustment mechanism arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket for adjusting the position of the cladding metal wire and a wire guide assembly arranged on the position adjustment mechanism for feeding the cladding metal wire to the substrate to be processed.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the position adjustment mechanism includes a longitudinal adjustment mechanism and a transverse adjustment mechanism arranged on the longitudinal adjustment mechanism, the longitudinal adjustment mechanism includes a mounting plate, a longitudinal adjustment slide and a longitudinal adjustment screw, the longitudinal adjustment slide is slidably arranged on the mounting plate, the longitudinal adjustment screw is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate, the longitudinal adjustment screw is passed through the longitudinal adjustment slide and is threadedly connected to the longitudinal adjustment slide, for driving the longitudinal adjustment slide to move along the central axis direction of the welding gun; the transverse adjustment mechanism includes a transverse adjustment slide and a transverse adjustment screw, the transverse adjustment slide is slidably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide, the transverse adjustment screw is rotatably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide, the transverse adjustment screw is passed through the transverse adjustment slide and is threadedly connected to the transverse adjustment slide, for driving the transverse adjustment slide to move in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the welding gun.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the wire guide assembly includes a connecting rod, a fixing clamp and a wire guide nozzle, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the lateral adjustment slide, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the fixing clamp that clamps the wire guide nozzle through a hinge to adjust the wire feeding angle.

[0021] The cladding powder of the magnetron plasma arc wire powder cooperative cladding device described in the present application flows through the upper powder feeding channel, the powder feeding pipe, the middle powder feeding channel, and the lower powder feeding channel in sequence through the powder pipe joint, and is ejected through the powder feeding port; the shielding gas flows through the upper shielding gas delivery channel, the annular cavity, the middle shielding gas delivery channel, the lower shielding gas delivery channel, and the shielding gas flow chamber in sequence through the shielding gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the shielding gas nozzle; the ion gas flows through the upper ion gas delivery channel, the ion gas delivery pipe, the lower ion gas delivery channel, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel, and the second through hole in sequence through the ion gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the ion gas nozzle; the coolant is sent to an upper water cooling connection channel, a water cooling connection pipe, the lower water cooling connection channel, and the cooling cavity in sequence through the water cooling cable joint, and then sent out from another water cooling connection pipe, the upper water cooling connection channel, and the water cooling cable joint to complete the circulation of the coolant. The entire welding gun integrates powder feeding, ion gas, shielding gas, and coolant delivery, with a simple structure and diverse functions. Moreover, the present application utilizes arc heat generated by a plasma arc welding gun to achieve melting of the substrate and the cladding metal. The cladding metal is fed into the molten pool to achieve metallurgical bonding between the cladding metal and the substrate, thereby obtaining a cladding layer with special properties. For example, the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, fatigue resistance, etc. of the cladding layer surface can be improved, and it can also be used for repairing damaged substrate surfaces and additive manufacturing of parts.

[0022] The present application discloses a surfacing method using the magnetron plasma arc wire powder surfacing device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Determine the type and amount of cladding metal to be introduced based on the substrate material and the required composite properties; Fix the substrate on the workbench, adjust the welding gun to the set position, and use the built-in and external inert gas of the welding gun to perform real-time tracking gas protection on the processing area of ​​the substrate; The welding gun of the base material and the magnetron plasma arc wire powder cooperative surfacing device is energized, and a controllable arc is formed between the welding gun and the base material, and the arc is compressed to form a plasma arc; The cladding metal powder is delivered to the welding area on the surface of the substrate in a set state, and the substrate and the cladding metal powder are melted under the action of the plasma arc, so that the substrate and the cladding metal powder are fused with each other; The welding torch extinguishes the arc, and the part of the substrate to be processed is cooled under the protection of the shielding gas sprayed by the welding torch, forming a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.

[0023] As a preference of the present application, during the substrate processing, the arc axis needs to remain perpendicular to the surface of the substrate to be processed.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, during the fusion process between the substrate and the cladding metal powder, a cladding metal welding wire is fed into the area of ​​the substrate to be processed. The wire feeding mechanism can adjust the feeding position and angle of the cladding metal welding wire.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the cladding metal welding wire and the cladding metal powder can use materials with different properties as cladding materials, so as to obtain a cladding layer with composite properties. For example, by using a combination of a wire with good toughness and a powder with high hardness, a composite cladding layer with both high hardness and good toughness can be obtained, avoiding the problem of poor toughness of a simple high-hardness material.

[0026] As a preference of the present application, the working current introduced by the welding gun is a variable polarity current, and different types of electromagnetic fields can be introduced during the cladding process to control the arc, so as to achieve different cladding purposes.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the electric arc is a compressed arc, an expanded arc, etc. The robot controls the working state of the welding gun (the working state includes the processing position and working angle of the welding gun), further realizes the left and right swing and the front and back swing of the electric arc, and then controls the state of the cladding metal powder entering the molten pool of the substrate through the magnetic field (the state includes the spraying direction, spraying angle and spraying speed of the cladding metal powder), so as to adjust the formation and performance of the cladding layer. The powder feeding direction can be adjusted by adjusting the direction of the inner nozzle, thereby adjusting the formation of the cladding layer, such as the width, thickness and dilution rate of a single cladding layer.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The welding gun has a compact structure and good welding accessibility, and can be used for robot cladding; 2. Silk powder synergistic surfacing, high surfacing rate and high arc energy utilization; 3. Magnetically controlled arc can obtain different arc states, which is beneficial to adjust the performance of the cladding layer and the thickness and width of the cladding layer; 4. Magnetron arc can also increase the proportion of cladding metal entering the molten pool and improve the utilization rate of cladding metal; 5. Powder feeding inside the welding gun greatly reduces the structural size of the wire-powder collaborative cladding system and improves the accessibility of welding; 6. Silk-powder integrated cladding can well adjust the performance of the cladding layer and obtain composite cladding layer performance; 7. By adjusting the direction of the inner nozzle assembly, the cladding angle and direction can be easily adjusted, thereby conveniently adjusting the cladding formation; 8. The wire feeding mechanism has a simple structure and the wire feeding position is easy to adjust; 9. The specially designed welding gun fixing bracket can conveniently realize the connection between the welding gun and the robot, and can greatly increase the operable space for welding.

[0029] 10. The electromagnetic field introduced by the welding gun can also act on the molten pool to achieve the regulation of the microstructure and properties of the cladding metal and improve the microstructure and properties of the cladding layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the collaborative surfacing method of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the welding gun fixing bracket of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a welding gun of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 It is a front view of a welding gun of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 It is one of the longitudinal cross-sectional views of the welding gun of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is the second longitudinal sectional view of the welding gun of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 for Figure 5 One of the partial enlarged images.

[0038] Fig. 9 for Figure 5 The second partial enlarged image.

[0039] Fig.10 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the connection between the conductive sleeve and the inner nozzle assembly of the present invention.

[0040] Fig.11 This is the second schematic diagram of the connection between the conductive sleeve and the inner nozzle assembly of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the welding gun tube of the present invention.

[0042] Fig.13 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the welding gun tube of the present invention.

[0043] Fig.14 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the iron core shaft of the present invention.

[0044] Fig.15 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the iron core shaft of the present invention.

[0045] Fig.16 It is a schematic structural diagram of the outer nozzle of the present invention.

[0046] Fig.17 It is a schematic structural diagram of the conductive sleeve of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.18 It is a schematic structural diagram of the inner nozzle assembly of the present invention.

[0048] Fig.19 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the inner nozzle assembly of the present invention.

[0049] Fig. 20 It is a schematic structural diagram of the upper nozzle component of the present invention.

[0050] Fig.21 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lower nozzle component of the present invention.

[0051] Fig. 22 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower nozzle component of the present invention.

[0052] Fig.23 It is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating spacer of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.24 It is a partial enlarged view of the insulating spacer of the present invention.

[0054] Fig.25 It is a structural schematic diagram of the wire feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0055] Fig.26 It is a schematic structural diagram of the longitudinal adjustment slide plate of the present invention.

[0056] Fig. 27 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mounting plate of the present invention.

[0057] Fig.28 It is a schematic diagram of the powder feeding direction of the present invention.

[0058] In the attached figure: 1- welding gun fixing bracket; 11- wire feeding mechanism mounting hole; 12- mounting surface; 13- welding gun mounting hole; 14- positioning hole; 15- wiring hole; 2- welding gun; 21- welding gun tube; 22- welding electrode; 221- tip; 23- insulation clamping kit; 24- inner nozzle assembly; 25- water-cooled cable connector; 26- conductive sleeve; 27- powder pipe connector; 28- shielding gas pipe connector; 29- ion gas pipe connector; 200- cable connector; 201- outer nozzle; 202- iron core shaft; 2021 shaft head; 2022- hollow column; 2023- third ring groove; 2024- coil fixing hole; 203- first water and electricity connector; 204- second water and electricity connector; 205- fluid chamber; 231- welding electrode jacket; 232- inner sleeve; 233- insulation spacer; 234- outer sleeve; 2331- buffer channel; 2332- buffer chamber; 241- upper nozzle component; 242-lower nozzle member; 2411-first through hole; 2412-middle powder delivery channel; 2413-middle shielding gas delivery channel; 2414-lower ion gas delivery channel; 2415-lower water cooling connection channel; 2416-annular plug-in portion; 2417-first annular groove; 2421-second through hole; 2422-lower powder delivery channel; 2423-cooling chamber; 2424-inner annular portion; 2425-outer annular portion; 2426-second annular groove; 2427-lower shielding gas delivery channel; 261-upper powder delivery channel; 262-upper shielding gas delivery channel; 263-upper ion gas delivery channel; 264-upper water cooling connection channel; 266-round head ejector pin; 267-annular groove; 3-wire feeding mechanism; 31-position adjustment mechanism; 32-wire guide assembly; 311-longitudinal adjustment mechanism; 312-lateral adjustment mechanism; 3111-mounting plate; 3112-longitudinal adjustment slide; 3113-longitudinal adjustment screw rod; 3114-dovetail groove; 3115-convex strip; 3121-lateral adjustment slide; 3122-lateral adjustment screw rod; 321-connecting rod; 322-fixing clamp; 323-wire guide nozzle; 4-pressing mechanism; 41-protective cover; 42-pressing head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following describes the implementation of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementations, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application.

[0060] It should be noted that the process equipment or devices not specifically specified in the following embodiments are all conventional equipment or devices in the art.

[0061] In addition, it should be understood that one or more method steps mentioned in this application do not exclude the existence of other method steps before or after the combination step or the insertion of other method steps between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless otherwise specified; it should also be understood that the combination connection relationship between one or more devices / apparatuses mentioned in this application does not exclude the existence of other devices / apparatuses before or after the combination device / apparatus or the insertion of other devices / apparatuses between these two explicitly mentioned devices / apparatuses, unless otherwise specified. Moreover, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of each method step is only a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of each method step or the scope of implementation of this application. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships shall also be regarded as the scope of implementation of this application without substantial changes in the technical content.

[0062] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0063] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "axial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0064] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0065] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0066] The present application is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0067] like Figure 2~Figure 26 As shown, the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device of the present invention comprises: Welding gun fixing bracket 1; A welding gun 2 is arranged on a welding gun fixing bracket 1 for realizing metallurgical bonding between a base material and a cladding metal, the welding gun 2 comprising a welding gun tube 21, a non-consumable welding electrode 22 wrapped and fixed in the welding gun tube 21 by an insulating clamping set 23, and an inner nozzle assembly 24 arranged between the welding gun tube 21 and the welding electrode 22, the welding gun tube 21 is provided with an electromagnetic field generator surrounding at least a part of the welding electrode 22 for generating a magnetron magnetic field between the base material and the cladding metal, the electromagnetic field generator and the welding electrode A cavity is defined between the electrodes 22, and an inner nozzle assembly 24 is arranged at the lower part of the cavity close to the substrate, and the inner nozzle assembly 24 is provided with a powder feeding port, a shielding gas nozzle and an ion gas nozzle; an upper part of the cavity away from the substrate is provided with a conductive sleeve 26 electrically connected to the welding electrode 22, and the conductive sleeve 26 is provided with a powder pipe joint 27 connected to the powder feeding port, a shielding gas pipe joint 28 connected to the shielding gas nozzle, an ion gas pipe joint 29 connected to the ion gas nozzle and a water-cooled cable joint 25; and / or A wire feeding mechanism 3 is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket 1 and is used for feeding the cladding metal to the surface of the substrate.

[0068] As shown in the figure, the welding gun fixing bracket 1 is used to fix the welding gun 2 and the wire feeding mechanism 3. The welding gun fixing bracket 1 is connected to the robot and can drive the welding gun 2 and the wire feeding mechanism 3 to move according to the set trajectory. The welding gun fixing bracket 1 is a gooseneck structure, a Z-shaped structure or a Z-shaped structure, and is provided with a wire feeding mechanism mounting hole 11, a mounting surface 12 connected to the robot, a welding gun mounting hole 13, a positioning hole 14, and a routing hole 15 for facilitating the arrangement of various pipelines of the welding gun. The pipelines involved in the welding gun are routed inside the welding gun fixing bracket, which facilitates the flexible movement of the welding gun driven by the robot.

[0069] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Fig.10 As shown, the lower end of the welding electrode 22 close to the substrate is a conical tip 221, and the tip 221 is accommodated in the inner nozzle assembly.

[0070] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the welding gun tube 21 includes an electromagnetic field generator and an outer nozzle 201, the electromagnetic field generator includes an iron core shaft 202 and an electromagnetic coil, the iron core shaft 202 includes an integrally formed shaft head 2021 and a hollow column 2022 extending along the axial centerline direction of the shaft head 2021, the upper end of the shaft head 2021 away from the substrate is connected to the conductive sleeve 26, and the lower end surface of the shaft head 2021 close to the substrate is crimped to the end of the outer nozzle 201 away from the substrate; the hollow column 2022 is inserted between the outer nozzle 201 and the insulating clamping set 23, and an annular cavity is provided between the hollow column 2022 and the insulating clamping set 23, the top of the annular cavity is blocked by the conductive sleeve 26, and the lower part of the annular cavity is blocked by the inner nozzle assembly 24. Plugged; a fluid chamber 205 is arranged between the hollow column 2022 and the outer nozzle 201, and a protective gas flow chamber connecting the annular cavity and the protective gas nozzle is arranged between the lower end of the hollow column 2022 and the lower port of the inner nozzle assembly 24; an electromagnetic coil is wound around the outer peripheral wall of the hollow column 2022 or the electromagnetic coil is directly placed in the fluid chamber and fixed by the coil fixing hole 2024; a first water-electric connector 201 and a second water-electric connector 202 connected to the fluid chamber are arranged on the outer nozzle 201, and the cooling medium is transported to the fluid chamber via the first water-electric connector 201 and is discharged via the second water-electric connector 202, and the connection terminal of the electromagnetic coil is led to the outside of the fluid chamber via the first water-electric connector 201 and / or the second water-electric connector 202 and connected to an external power supply.

[0071] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the insulating clamping kit 23 includes a welding electrode sleeve 231, an inner sleeve 232, an insulating spacer 233, and an outer sleeve 234 which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the welding electrode 22 is inserted in the welding electrode sleeve 231, and the insulating spacer 233 is provided with a plurality of buffer channels 2331 which are connected with the inner nozzle assembly 24; the outer sleeve 234 is sleeved on the lower part of the insulating spacer 233, the conductive sleeve 26 is sleeved on the outside of the insulating spacer 233, and the upper end of the outer sleeve 234 away from the substrate is tightly inserted between the conductive sleeve 26 and the insulating spacer 233.

[0072] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the axial lengths of the welding electrode jacket 231, the inner sleeve 232, the insulating spacer 233, and the outer sleeve 234 gradually decrease.

[0073] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a cable connector 200 is also inserted into the insulating sleeve 233 , and the cable connector 200 passes through the insulating sleeve 233 , the inner sleeve 232 , and the welding electrode jacket 231 from the outside to the inside in sequence. The cable connected to the welding electrode 22 can be led from the cable connector 200 to the outside of the welding gun.

[0074] like Figure 18 to Figure 22 As shown, the inner nozzle assembly 24 is a split nozzle, including an upper nozzle component 241 and a lower nozzle component 242 assembled at the lower end of the upper nozzle component 241. The upper nozzle component 241 is provided with a first through hole 2411 and a middle powder delivery channel 2412, a middle protective gas delivery channel 2413, a lower ion gas delivery channel 2414, and a lower water cooling connection channel 2415 arranged around the through hole in a circumferential direction; the lower nozzle component 242 is provided with a second through hole 2421 and a cooling cavity 2423 surrounding the second through hole 2421. , a lower powder delivery channel 2422 which is connected to the middle powder delivery channel 2412 in a one-to-one manner, and a lower protective gas delivery channel 2427 which corresponds to and is connected to the middle protective gas delivery channel 2413 in a one-to-one manner, the lower ion gas delivery channel 2414 is connected to the second through hole 2421 of the lower nozzle component 242 through the buffer channel 2331 on the insulating spacer 233, the middle protective gas delivery channel 2413 is connected to the lower protective gas delivery channel 2427 and the annular cavity in sequence, and the lower water-cooling connecting channel 2415 is connected to the cooling cavity.

[0075] like Figure 18~Figure 20 As shown, the lower end of the upper nozzle component 241 is provided with an annular plug-in portion 2416 which can be plugged and matched with the lower nozzle component 242 , and the annular plug-in portion 2416 is adapted to the second through hole 2421 of the lower nozzle component 242 .

[0076] like Fig. 20 As shown, a first annular groove 2417 is provided on the outer annular wall of the annular plug-in portion 2416 .

[0077] like Fig.19 As shown, the lower nozzle component 242 is provided with a special-shaped cooling cavity 2423 which is plugged into the annular plug-in portion 2416 of the upper nozzle component 241. The cooling cavity 2423 which is open at the top and closed at the bottom divides the lower nozzle component 242 into an inner annular portion 2424 and an outer annular portion 2425 which are coaxially arranged opposite to each other, wherein a second annular groove 2426 is processed on the outer wall of the inner annular portion; when the upper nozzle component 241 and the lower nozzle component 242 are combined, the annular plug-in portion 2416 is inserted into the cooling cavity 2423.

[0078] like Fig.14 and Fig.15 As shown, a third annular groove 2023 is provided on the outer annular wall of the hollow column 2022 of the core shaft.

[0079] In order to ensure the sealing of the upper nozzle component 241 and the lower nozzle component 242 , the iron core shaft and the outer nozzle, sealing rings may be installed in the first annular groove 2417 , the second annular groove 2426 and the third annular groove 2023 .

[0080] like Figure 18 to Figure 22 As shown, the lower nozzle component 242 is provided with one or more pairs of lower powder delivery channels 2422 , and the pairs of lower powder delivery channels 2422 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second through hole 2421 .

[0081] like Figure 18 to Figure 22 As shown, the lower powder feeding channel 2422 includes an integrally formed straight powder feeding channel and an oblique powder feeding channel, and the upper end of the straight powder feeding channel is connected to the middle powder feeding channel 2412 of the upper nozzle component 241 .

[0082] like Figure 18~Figure 20 As shown, the angle between the inclined powder feeding channel and the vertical direction ranges from 0 to 60°.

[0083] like Figure 18~Figure 20 As shown, the aperture size of the lower powder feeding channel 2422 is 1 to 5 mm.

[0084] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Fig.23 and Fig.25 As shown, an annular buffer cavity 2332 is processed on the outer wall of the lower part of the insulating spacer 233, and the buffer cavity 2332 separates the insulating spacer 233 into an upper section and a lower section. The lower section is circumferentially provided with a plurality of buffer channels 2331 extending in the axial direction of the insulating spacer 233, and the inlet of the buffer channel 2331 is connected with the lower ion gas transport channel 2414 of the upper nozzle component 241 through the buffer cavity, and the outlet of the buffer channel 2331 is connected to the second through hole 2421.

[0085] Fig.23 and Fig.25 As shown, the bottom end pipe opening of the insulating sleeve 233 and the bottom end pipe opening of the lower nozzle component 242 are both of a constricted structure, which can prevent the lower nozzle component 242 from escaping from the insulating sleeve 233.

[0086] like Fig.11As shown, the conductive sleeve 26 is provided with an upper powder delivery channel 261, an upper protective gas delivery channel 262, an upper ion gas delivery channel 263, and an upper water cooling connection channel 264, and the upper end of the upper powder delivery channel 261 is equipped with a powder pipe joint 27, the upper end of the upper protective gas delivery channel 262 is equipped with a protective gas pipe joint 28, the upper end of the upper ion gas delivery channel 263 is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint 29, and the upper end of the upper water cooling connection channel 264 is equipped with a water cooling cable joint 25, the upper powder delivery channel 261, the powder delivery pipe, the middle powder delivery channel The channel 2412 is connected with the lower powder delivery channel 2422 in sequence to form a complete powder delivery channel, the lower end of the upper protective gas delivery channel 262 is connected with the annular cavity, the upper ion gas delivery channel 263, the ion gas delivery pipe, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel 2331 and the lower ion gas delivery channel 2414 are connected in sequence to form a complete ion gas injection channel, the upper water-cooling connecting channel 264, the water-cooling connecting pipe, the lower water-cooling connecting channel 2415 of the upper nozzle component 241, and the cooling cavity 2423 are connected in sequence to form a complete cooling channel.

[0087] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the shielding gas nozzle ring is arranged on the outer periphery of the ion gas nozzle, and the powder feeding port is arranged between the shielding gas nozzle and the ion gas nozzle.

[0088] like Fig.17 As shown, an annular groove 267 is provided on the outer wall of the conductive sleeve 26, and the conductive sleeve 26 is fixed to the shaft head 2021 of the core shaft 202 by a round head ejector pin 266. Under the action of the thread, the round head ejector pin 266 is embedded in the annular groove 267 on the outer wall of the conductive sleeve 26, which can not only realize the connection between the core shaft 202 and the conductive sleeve 26, but also facilitate the adjustment of the circumferential relative position between the two, thereby realizing the adjustment of the powder feeding direction, and also facilitating the arrangement of the water pipe on the outer nozzle and the electromagnetic coil connection wire. This application is explained by taking two powder feeding ports as an example (for the convenience of distinction, Fig.28In the figure, the powder feeding ports are marked as powder feeding port 1 and powder feeding port 2 respectively), and the powder feeding ports are circular holes of equal size. The powder feeding direction is defined as the angle between the line of the projection of the two powder feeding ports on the substrate surface and the surfacing direction. The powder feeding angle is defined as the angle between the axis of the powder feeding port and the horizontal plane. The powder feeding angle depends on the angle of the powder feeding port on the inner nozzle. The powder feeding angle can be adjusted by replacing the inner nozzle with powder feeding ports of different angles. The cladding powder flows through the upper powder delivery channel, the powder delivery pipe, the middle powder delivery channel, and the lower powder delivery channel in sequence through the powder pipe joint, and is ejected through the powder delivery port; the shielding gas flows through the upper shielding gas delivery channel, the annular cavity, the middle shielding gas delivery channel, the lower shielding gas delivery channel, and the shielding gas flow chamber in sequence through the shielding gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the shielding gas nozzle; the ion gas flows through the upper ion gas delivery channel, the ion gas delivery pipe, the lower ion gas delivery channel, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel, and the second through hole in sequence through the ion gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the ion gas nozzle; the coolant is sent to an upper water cooling connection channel, a water cooling connection pipe, the lower water cooling connection channel, and the cooling cavity in sequence through the water cooling cable joint, and then sent out from another water cooling connection pipe, the upper water cooling connection channel, and the water cooling cable joint to complete the circulation of the coolant. The entire welding gun integrates powder delivery, ion gas, shielding gas, and coolant delivery.

[0089] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the welding gun 2 also includes a pressing mechanism 4, which includes a protective cover 41 and a pressing head 42. The protective cover 41 is arranged at the upper end of the welding gun tube 21 away from the substrate, and is used to cover the welding electrode 22 and the conductive sleeve 26 located outside the welding gun tube 21; the lower part of the pressing head 42 is penetrated into the protective cover 41 and connected to the welding electrode jacket 231, and is used to crimp the welding electrode 22 into the welding gun tube 21.

[0090] like Figure 3~Figure 6 As shown, the wire feeding mechanism 3 includes a position adjustment mechanism 31 arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket 1 for adjusting the position of the cladding metal wire and a wire guide assembly 32 arranged on the position adjustment mechanism 31 for feeding the cladding metal wire to the substrate to be processed.

[0091] like Figure 25~Figure 27As shown, the position adjustment mechanism 31 includes a longitudinal adjustment mechanism 311 and a transverse adjustment mechanism 312 arranged on the longitudinal adjustment mechanism 311, the longitudinal adjustment mechanism 311 includes a mounting plate 3111, a longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 and a longitudinal adjustment screw 3113, the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 is slidably arranged on the mounting plate 3111, the longitudinal adjustment screw 3113 is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate 3111, the longitudinal adjustment screw 3113 is penetrated on the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, and is threadedly connected with the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, for driving The longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 moves along the central axis direction of the welding gun 2; the transverse adjustment mechanism 312 includes a transverse adjustment slide 3121 and a transverse adjustment screw 3122, the transverse adjustment slide 3121 is slidably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, the transverse adjustment screw 3122 is rotatably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, the transverse adjustment screw 3122 is penetrated by the transverse adjustment slide 3121, and is threadedly connected with the transverse adjustment slide 3121, and is used to drive the transverse adjustment slide 3121 to move in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the welding gun 2.

[0092] like Fig. 27 As shown, the mounting plate 3111 is a rectangular plate parallel to the central axis of the welding gun, and a waist-shaped hole is provided on the mounting plate 3111. The mounting plate 3111 realizes the connection between the wire feeding mechanism and the welding gun fixing bracket through the waist-shaped hole thereon, and the mounting plate 3111 is provided with a dovetail groove 3114 extending along the central axis of the welding gun.

[0093] like Fig.26 As shown, the end surface of the longitudinal adjustment slide plate 3112 facing the mounting plate 3111 is provided with a convex strip 3115 adapted to the dovetail groove 3114, and the convex strip 3115 is provided with a threaded hole 3116 extending along the central axis direction of the welding gun for passing the longitudinal adjustment screw rod 3113. The longitudinal adjustment slide plate 3112 is slidably connected with the mounting plate 3111 through the mutually engaged convex strip 3115 and the dovetail groove 3114, and is lifted and lowered in the longitudinal direction (i.e., in the central axis direction of the welding gun) under the drive of the longitudinal adjustment screw rod 3113 to achieve the up and down adjustment of the longitudinal adjustment slide plate 3112.

[0094] like Fig.25 As shown, the wire guide assembly 32 includes a connecting rod 321, a fixing clamp 322 and a wire guide nozzle 323. One end of the connecting rod 321 is connected to the lateral adjustment slide 3121, and the other end of the connecting rod 321 is connected to the fixing clamp 322 clamping the wire guide nozzle 323 through a hinge 324 for adjusting the wire feeding angle.

[0095] like Fig.26As shown, a slot for embracing the connecting rod 321 is provided on the end surface of the lateral adjustment slide 3121 which is away from the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112. The connecting rod 321 is inserted into the slot, and a fixing clamp 322 is installed at the free end of the connecting rod 321. By adjusting the hinge 324 between the fixing clamp 322 and the connecting rod 321, the wire feeding angle can be adjusted. Combined with the movement of the lateral adjustment slide 3121 and the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, the wire feeding angle and wire feeding position can be adjusted accurately.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present application, the welding electrode 22 is a tungsten electrode.

[0097] The present application discloses a surfacing method using the magnetron plasma arc wire powder surfacing device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1 Determine the type and amount of cladding metal to be introduced based on the substrate material and the required composite properties; S2 fixes the substrate on the workbench, adjusts the welding gun to the set position, and then uses the built-in and external inert gases of the welding gun to perform real-time tracking gas protection on the substrate's processing area; S3 The welding gun of the base material and magnetron plasma arc wire powder cladding device is energized, and a controllable arc is formed between the welding gun and the base material, and the arc is compressed to form a plasma arc; S4: delivering the cladding metal powder to the to-be-processed area on the surface of the substrate in a set state, and melting the substrate and the cladding metal powder under the action of the plasma arc, so that the substrate and the cladding metal powder are fused with each other; S5 The welding torch extinguishes the arc, and the part of the substrate to be processed is cooled under the protection of the shielding gas sprayed by the welding torch, forming a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.

[0098] In some embodiments of the present application, during the fusion process between the substrate and the cladding metal powder, a cladding metal welding wire is fed into the area of ​​the substrate to be processed. The wire feeding mechanism can adjust the feeding position and angle of the cladding metal welding wire.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present application, the cladding powder delivered by the welding gun and the welding wire delivered by the wire feeding mechanism can be the same material or different materials. The properties of the two materials can be the same or similar, or complementary, and the properties of the obtained cladding layer can be the properties of a single material or the properties of a composite of two materials.

[0100] Specifically, the cladding metal welding wire and the cladding metal powder can use materials with different properties as cladding materials, so as to obtain a cladding layer with composite properties. For example, by using a combination of a wire with good toughness and a powder with high hardness, a composite cladding layer with both high hardness and good toughness can be obtained, avoiding the problem of poor toughness of a simple high-hardness material.

[0101] The working current introduced by the welding gun is a variable polarity current. Different types of electromagnetic fields can be introduced during the cladding process to control the arc and achieve different cladding purposes.

[0102] The electric arc is a compressed arc, an expanded arc, etc. The robot controls the working state of the welding gun (the working state includes the processing position and working angle of the welding gun), further realizes the left and right swing and the front and back swing of the arc, and then controls the state of the cladding metal powder entering the molten pool of the substrate through the magnetic field (the state includes the spraying direction, spraying angle and spraying speed of the cladding metal powder), so as to adjust the formation and performance of the cladding layer. The powder feeding direction can be adjusted by adjusting the direction of the inner nozzle, thereby adjusting the formation of the cladding layer, such as the width, thickness and dilution rate of a single cladding layer.

[0103] In the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device of the present application, the powder feeding direction during surfacing can be adjusted and controlled by rotating the inner nozzle assembly, and the powder feeding angle can also be adjusted and controlled by replacing the inner nozzle. By arranging different magnetic fields during surfacing, the control of the arc and the powder fed into the arc can be achieved. The arc can be compressed, expanded, rotated, etc., and the powder fed into the arc can be increased in temperature, speed, ionization, and utilization rate. The magnetic field arranged during surfacing can also act on the molten pool. By stirring the two materials in the molten pool, the two materials can be evenly mixed, and the metal of the cladding layer can be refined.

[0104] The above examples are for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments disclosed by the present invention and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. In addition, the various modifications listed herein and the variations of methods and compositions in the invention are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the present invention has been specifically described in conjunction with various specific preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention should not be limited to these specific embodiments. In fact, various modifications obvious to those skilled in the art as described above to obtain the invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device, characterized in that: include: Welding gun fixing bracket (1); A welding gun (2) arranged on a welding gun fixing bracket (1) for achieving metallurgical bonding between a base material and a cladding metal, the welding gun (2) comprising a welding gun tube (21), a non-consumable welding electrode (22) wrapped and fixed in the welding gun tube (21) by an insulating clamping kit (23), and an inner nozzle assembly (24) arranged between the welding gun tube (21) and the welding electrode (22), the welding gun tube (21) comprising an electromagnetic field generator surrounding at least a portion of the welding electrode (22) for generating a magnetron magnetic field between the base material and the cladding metal, and an outer nozzle (201) surrounding at least a portion of the electromagnetic field generator, A cavity is defined between the electromagnetic field generator and the welding electrode (22); an inner nozzle assembly (24) is disposed at a lower portion of the cavity close to the substrate, the inner nozzle assembly (24) being provided with a powder delivery port, a shielding gas nozzle and an ion gas nozzle; an upper portion of the cavity away from the substrate is provided with a conductive sleeve (26) electrically connected to the welding electrode (22); the conductive sleeve (26) is provided with a powder pipe joint (27) connected to the powder delivery port, a shielding gas pipe joint (28) connected to the shielding gas nozzle, an ion gas pipe joint (29) connected to the ion gas nozzle, and a water-cooling cable joint (25); and / or A wire feeding mechanism (3) is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket (1) and is used for feeding the cladding metal to the surface of the substrate.

2. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic field generator comprises an iron core shaft (202) and an electromagnetic coil, wherein the iron core shaft (202) comprises an integrally formed shaft head (2021) and a hollow column (2022) extending along the axis of the shaft head (2021), wherein the upper end of the shaft head (2021) away from the substrate is connected to the conductive sleeve (26), and the lower end surface of the shaft head (2021) close to the substrate is crimped to the end of the outer nozzle (201) away from the substrate; the hollow column (2022) is inserted between the outer nozzle (201) and the insulating clamping set (23), and an annular cavity is provided between the hollow column (2022) and the insulating clamping set (23), wherein the top of the annular cavity is blocked by the conductive sleeve (26), and the annular cavity is provided between the outer nozzle (201) and the insulating clamping set (23). The lower part of the cavity is blocked by the inner nozzle assembly (24); a fluid chamber is provided between the hollow column (2022) and the outer nozzle (201); a protective gas flow chamber for connecting the annular cavity and the protective gas nozzle is provided between the lower end of the hollow column (2022) and the lower end of the inner nozzle assembly (24); a first water-electric connector (203) and a second water-electric connector (204) for connecting the fluid chamber are provided on the outer nozzle (201); the cooling medium is transported to the fluid chamber via the first water-electric connector (203) and discharged via the second water-electric connector (204); and the connection terminal of the electromagnetic coil is led to the outside of the fluid chamber via the first water-electric connector (203) and / or the second water-electric connector (204) to be connected to an external power source.

3. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insulating clamping kit (23) comprises a welding electrode jacket (231), an inner sleeve (232), an insulating spacer (233), and an outer sleeve (234) which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside; the welding electrode (22) is inserted into the welding electrode jacket (231); the insulating spacer (233) is provided with a plurality of buffer channels (2331) which are in communication with the inner nozzle assembly (24); the outer sleeve (234) is sleeved on the lower part of the insulating spacer (233); the conductive sleeve (26) is sleeved on the outside of the insulating spacer (233); and the upper end of the outer sleeve (234) which is away from the substrate is tightly inserted between the conductive sleeve (26) and the insulating spacer (233).

4. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner nozzle assembly (24) is a split nozzle, comprising an upper nozzle component (241) and a lower nozzle component (242) assembled at the lower end of the upper nozzle component (241); the upper nozzle component (241) is provided with a first through hole (2411) and a middle powder delivery channel (2412), a middle protective gas delivery channel (2413), a lower ion gas delivery channel (2414), and a lower water cooling connection channel (2415) arranged circumferentially around the through hole; the lower nozzle component (242) is provided with a second through hole (2421), a cooling cavity (2423) surrounding the second through hole (2421), and a cooling cavity (2424) arranged around the second through hole (2421). The middle powder delivery channel (2412) is connected to a lower powder delivery channel (2422) one-to-one, and a lower protective gas delivery channel (2427) is connected to the middle protective gas delivery channel (2413) one-to-one. The lower ion gas delivery channel (2414) is connected to the second through hole (2421) of the lower nozzle component (242) through the buffer channel (2331) on the insulating spacer (233). The middle protective gas delivery channel (2413) is connected to the lower protective gas delivery channel (2427) and the annular cavity in sequence; the lower water cooling connection channel (2415) is connected to the cooling cavity (2423).

5. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A buffer cavity (2332) is machined on the outer wall of the lower part of the insulating spacer (233), and the buffer cavity divides the insulating spacer (233) into an upper section and a lower section. The lower section is provided with a plurality of buffer channels (2331) extending in the axial direction of the insulating spacer (233) along the circumferential direction, and the inlet of the buffer channel (2331) is connected to the lower ion gas transport channel (2414) of the upper nozzle component (241) through the buffer cavity, and the outlet of the buffer channel (2331) is connected to the second through hole (2421).

6. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conductive sleeve (26) is provided with an upper powder delivery channel (261), an upper protective gas delivery channel (262), an upper ion gas delivery channel (263), and an upper water cooling connection channel (264), and the upper end of the upper powder delivery channel (261) is equipped with a powder pipe joint (27), the upper end of the upper protective gas delivery channel (262) is equipped with a protective gas pipe joint (28), the upper end of the upper ion gas delivery channel (263) is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint (29), and the upper end of the upper water cooling connection channel (264) is equipped with a water cooling cable joint (25). The middle powder delivery channel (2412) and the lower powder delivery channel (2422) are connected in sequence to form a complete powder delivery channel, the lower end of the upper protective gas delivery channel (262) is connected to the annular cavity, the upper ion gas delivery channel (263), the ion gas delivery pipe, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel (2331) and the lower ion gas delivery channel (2414) are connected in sequence to form a complete ion gas injection channel, and the lower end of the upper water-cooling connecting channel (264) is connected to the water-cooling connecting channel (2415) of the upper nozzle component (241) through a water-cooling connecting pipe to form a complete cooling channel.

7. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeding mechanism (3) comprises a position adjustment mechanism (31) arranged on a welding gun fixing bracket (1) for adjusting the position of a cladding metal wire, and a wire guide assembly (32) arranged on the position adjustment mechanism (31) for feeding the cladding metal wire to a substrate to be processed.

8. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The position adjustment mechanism (31) comprises a longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311) and a transverse adjustment mechanism (312) arranged on the longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311); the longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311) comprises a mounting plate (3111), a longitudinal adjustment slide plate (3112) and a longitudinal adjustment screw rod (3113); the longitudinal adjustment slide plate (3112) is slidably arranged on the mounting plate (3111); the longitudinal adjustment screw rod (3113) is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate (3111); the longitudinal adjustment screw rod (3113) is passed through the longitudinal adjustment slide plate (3112) and is threadedly connected to the longitudinal adjustment slide plate (3112) for driving the longitudinal adjustment slide plate (3112). The longitudinal adjustment slide (3112) moves along the central axis direction of the welding gun (2); the transverse adjustment mechanism (312) comprises a transverse adjustment slide (3121) and a transverse adjustment screw rod (3122); the transverse adjustment slide (3121) is slidably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide (3112); the transverse adjustment screw rod (3122) is rotatably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide (3112); the transverse adjustment screw rod (3122) is passed through the transverse adjustment slide (3121) and is threadedly connected to the transverse adjustment slide (3121) for driving the transverse adjustment slide (3121) to move along a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the welding gun (2).

9. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The wire guide assembly (32) comprises a connecting rod (321), a fixing clamp (322) and a wire guide nozzle (323); one end of the connecting rod (321) is connected to the lateral adjustment slide plate (3121); the other end of the connecting rod (321) is connected to the fixing clamp (322) clamping the wire guide nozzle (323) via a hinge (324) for adjusting the wire feeding angle.

10. A surfacing method using the magnetron plasma arc wire powder surfacing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Determine the type and amount of cladding metal to be introduced based on the substrate material and the required composite properties; Fix the substrate on the workbench, adjust the welding gun to the set position, and use the built-in and external inert gas of the welding gun to perform real-time tracking gas protection on the processing area of ​​the substrate; The welding gun (2) of the device for cooperatively welding the substrate and the magnetron plasma arc wire powder is energized, and a controllable electric arc is formed by breakdown between the welding gun (2) and the substrate, and the electric arc is compressed to form a plasma arc; The cladding metal powder is delivered to the molten pool on the surface of the substrate in a set state, and the substrate and the cladding metal powder are melted under the arc heat of the plasma arc, so that the substrate and the cladding metal powder are fused with each other; The welding torch extinguishes the arc, and the part of the substrate to be processed is cooled under the protection of the protective gas sprayed by the welding torch (2), thereby forming a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.

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