Method for improving cross pollination pod bearing rate of phalaenopsis amabilis

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the pod bearing rate of butterfly orchid cross pollination, which comprises the following steps: preparation before pollination: selecting a female parent and a male parent to construct a cross combination, selecting a butterfly orchid plant as a pollination object, and preparing tools and equipment required by pollination; a pollination process is optimized, wherein a pollination material is selected, and pollination is conducted 1d-30d after the butterfly orchid flowers bloom; hanging a tag on the female parent after pollination; performing repeated pollination according to the blooming degree of the flowers and the pollination condition; cultivation management after pollination: after pollination, controlling day and night temperature difference, air humidity and illumination intensity, and providing an optimal growth environment for phalaenopsis amabilis; according to the growth requirements of the phalaenopsis, fertilization, watering and pest control are conducted, and healthy growth of plants is promoted. The pollination pod bearing rate reaches 95% or above, and the technology is simple and beneficial to popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid breeding, and specifically relates to a method for improving the hybrid pollination and pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis. Background Art

[0002] Phalaenopsis aphrodite is a member of the genus Phalaenopsis in the orchid family. It is native to subtropical rainforests and is an epiphytic orchid with elegant flower shapes. It is also a type of flower that has strict requirements on temperature, light, humidity, cultivation substrate conditions and fertilizers in the cultivation environment. The annual supply of seedlings is about 218 million plants, the annual consumption of finished flowers is about 185 million plants, and the annual export volume is about 18.8 million plants.

[0003] Phalaenopsis is a highly ornamental flower that is loved by many flower lovers. In the field of Phalaenopsis cultivation and reproduction, pollination and pod setting rate is an important indicator to measure its reproduction efficiency and quality.

[0004] At present, the pollination method widely used mostly relies on natural pollination or traditional artificial pollination technology. However, these methods have many shortcomings in practical applications. First, natural pollination is greatly affected by environmental conditions, and pollination success rate and pod-setting rate are difficult to guarantee, especially under unfavorable climatic conditions, pod-setting rate significantly decreases. In addition, the selection and treatment of pollination pollen in the prior art also lack unified standards, resulting in uneven pollination quality, further affecting the reproductive efficiency and quality of Phalaenopsis. Therefore a cultivation method that can improve the pollination pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis, to meet market demand and improve the production efficiency of Phalaenopsis. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the hybrid pollination and podding rate of Phalaenopsis, which can significantly improve the pollination and podding rate of Phalaenopsis by optimizing the pollination process and managing subsequent growth conditions, and improve the quality and yield of Phalaenopsis, thereby providing strong support for the development of the field of flower cultivation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for improving the hybrid pollination and pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis, comprising the following steps: S1: Preparation before pollination: According to the breeding direction, select varieties with good comprehensive traits and wide adaptability as female parents, and select varieties with improved target traits as male parents to construct hybrid combinations; parent selection is one of the important links in orchid hybrid breeding; select Phalaenopsis plants with strong growth, full buds and no diseases and insect pests as pollination objects; prepare the tools and equipment required for pollination to ensure the smooth progress of pollination operations; S2: Optimize the pollination process: Before pollination, select healthy and mature Phalaenopsis flowers for pollination; ensure that the flowers are in the best growth state, which will help improve the success rate of pollination. When pollinating, select bright yellow, sticky, loose and non-hardened pollen as pollination materials to ensure that the pollen has high activity and pollination ability. Pollinate on the 1st to 20th day after the Phalaenopsis flowers are in full bloom; disinfect the pollination tools with alcohol; first remove the pollen blocks of the mother parent, take the light yellow fresh pollen blocks of the father parent and place them in the stigma cavity of the mother parent to ensure that the pollen is evenly and accurately attached to the pistil to improve the success rate of pollination. After pollination, hang a tag on the mother parent to avoid damaging the flowers and causing unnecessary pollution. Repeat pollination according to the degree of opening of the flowers and the pollination situation; repeat pollination at the right time to ensure sufficient pollination; at this time, the pollination organs of the flowers are in the best condition, which is conducive to improving the success rate of pollination; S3: Cultivation management after pollination: After pollination, control the temperature difference between day and night, air humidity and light intensity to provide the best growth environment for Phalaenopsis; according to the growth needs of Phalaenopsis, carry out fertilization, watering and pest control to promote the healthy growth of the plant.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the male parent that blooms on the same day and the female parent that blooms 3d-7d after flowering are selected for cross pollination.

[0008] Furthermore, the tools and equipment required for pollination in step S1 include pollen isolation nets, rubber bands, ropes, scissors, etc.

[0009] Furthermore, the pollen isolation net is an ultra-dense nylon net with a pore size of 500-1000 meshes.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S2, bright yellow, sticky, and newly bloomed pollen is selected as the pollination material.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S2, pollination is performed 1-10 days after the Phalaenopsis flowers bloom.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, pollination is performed 3-4 days after the Phalaenopsis flowers bloom.

[0013] Furthermore, the pollination in step S2 is repeated 2-4 times.

[0014] Furthermore, the tools used in step S2 are disinfected with 75% alcohol.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, light intensity: Phalaenopsis requires sufficient scattered light, but should avoid strong direct sunlight; ensure that the plant is placed in a position with bright but not too strong light to promote flower bud differentiation and successful pollination. The light intensity is 12000-15000 lux; day and night temperature difference: Phalaenopsis is suitable for growing in a warm environment, and the temperature should be kept between 23-28°C during the day and night; avoid excessively high or low temperatures, which will affect the germination of fruit pods and the results of pollination. The appropriate temperature difference helps maintain the health of the plant and increase the pollination and pod setting rate; air humidity: Phalaenopsis prefers a high humidity environment, and keeping the air humidity between 70-85% helps promote pollen germination and successful pollination; the air humidity can be increased by spraying water, increasing the humidity of greenhouse facilities, etc.; fertilization: fertilize regularly to provide necessary nutrients, but avoid excessive fertilization to avoid damaging the plant fertilizer P10-30-20 / 15-20-25 Alternating between 4000 and 4000 times, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can promote the healthy development of Phalaenopsis pods; Pest and disease control: Regularly check the growth of Phalaenopsis, promptly detect and deal with pest and disease problems, keep the plants healthy, and help increase the pollination and pod setting rate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention realizes precise control of the pollination and podding process of Phalaenopsis through comprehensive measures in multiple aspects such as excellent parents, selection of high-quality pollen, optimization of pollination technology and post-pollination management, as well as optimization and adjustment of environmental factors such as light, temperature and humidity, standards and procedures for pollen screening, specific operational details of pollination technology and specific measures for post-pollination management, and significantly improves the pollination and podding rate of Phalaenopsis, which can reach more than 95%, improves the quality and yield of Phalaenopsis, and greatly improves the ornamental value, thereby ensuring that Phalaenopsis can be sold at a higher price, increasing its economic value and promoting industrial development; the scheme has the advantages of short cultivation period, strong plant growth and simple production process, and can be cultivated on a large scale and industrialized, effectively reducing the cultivation cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 For the mother plant.

[0018] Figure 2 For the father.

[0019] Figure 3 To remove the stamens.

[0020] Figure 4 Pollination is successful after 3-5 days.

[0021] Figure 5 The flower stem gradually expands to make it strong.

[0022] Figure 6 For successful pod formation.

[0023] Figure 7 For mature fruit pods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 S1: Preparation before pollination: The male and female individuals selected for Phalaenopsis hybridization. The male individual involved in hybridization is called the father, represented by the symbol ♂; the female individual involved in hybridization is called the mother, represented by the symbol ♀. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, according to the breeding direction, varieties with good comprehensive traits and wide adaptability are selected as female parents; Figure 2 As shown, select varieties with improved target traits as male parents to construct hybrid combinations; select Phalaenopsis plants with strong growth, full buds and no pests and diseases as pollination objects; prepare the tools and equipment required for pollination, such as pollen isolation nets, rubber bands, ropes, scissors, etc.; the pollen isolation net is an ultra-dense nylon net with a pore size of 500-1000 mesh to ensure the smooth progress of pollination operations; S2: Optimize the pollination process: Before pollination, select healthy and mature Phalaenopsis flowers for pollination; when pollinating, select bright yellow, sticky, loose and non-hardened pollen as pollination materials, and pollinate on the first day after the Phalaenopsis flowers bloom; disinfect the pollination tools with 75% alcohol; Figure 3 As shown, first remove the pollen block of the female parent, take the fresh yellowish pollen block of the male parent and place it in the stigma cavity of the female parent; after pollination, hang a tag on the female parent; Figure 4 As shown, pollination was repeated twice according to the degree of flower opening and pollination; S3: Post-pollination cultivation management: Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, after pollination, control the temperature difference between day and night at 23°C, the air humidity at 70%, and the light intensity at 12,000 lux to promote flower bud differentiation and successful pollination; when fertilizing, in order to avoid damaging the plants, use P10-30-20 / 15-20-25 4,000 times alternately twice. Increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can promote the healthy development of Phalaenopsis pods; regularly check the growth of Phalaenopsis, promptly discover and deal with pests and diseases, keep the plants healthy, and help increase the pollination and pod setting rate.

[0026] Example 2 S1: Preparation before pollination: The male and female individuals selected for Phalaenopsis hybridization. The male individual involved in the hybridization is called the father, represented by the symbol ♂; the female individual involved in the hybridization is called the mother, represented by the symbol ♀. According to the breeding direction, select varieties with good comprehensive traits and wide adaptability as the mother parent, and select varieties with improved target traits as the father parent to construct hybrid combinations; select Phalaenopsis plants with strong growth, full buds and no diseases and pests as pollination objects; prepare the tools and equipment required for pollination, such as pollen isolation nets, rubber bands, ropes, scissors, etc.; the pollen isolation net is an ultra-dense nylon net with a pore size of 500-1000 mesh to ensure the smooth progress of pollination operations; S2: Optimize the pollination process: Before pollination, select healthy and mature Phalaenopsis flowers for pollination; during pollination, select bright yellow, sticky, loose and non-hardened pollen as pollination materials, and pollinate on the 10th day after the Phalaenopsis flowers bloom; disinfect the pollination tools with 75% alcohol; first remove the pollen blocks of the female parent, take the fresh yellowish pollen blocks of the male parent and place them in the stigma cavity of the female parent; hang a tag on the female parent after pollination; repeat pollination 4 times according to the degree of flower opening and pollination conditions; S3: Cultivation management after pollination: After pollination, control the temperature difference between day and night at 28℃, air humidity at 85%, and light intensity at 15,000 lux to promote flower bud differentiation and successful pollination; when fertilizing, in order to avoid damaging the plants, use P10-30-20 / 15-20-25 4,000 times alternately 4 times. Increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can promote the healthy development of Phalaenopsis pods; regularly check the growth of Phalaenopsis, promptly discover and deal with pests and diseases, keep the plants healthy, and help increase the pollination and pod setting rate.

[0027] Example 3 S1: Preparation before pollination: The male and female individuals selected for Phalaenopsis hybridization. The male individual involved in the hybridization is called the father, represented by the symbol ♂; the female individual involved in the hybridization is called the mother, represented by the symbol ♀. According to the breeding direction, select varieties with good comprehensive traits and wide adaptability as the mother parent, and select varieties with improved target traits as the father parent to construct hybrid combinations; select Phalaenopsis plants with strong growth, full buds and no diseases and pests as pollination objects; prepare the tools and equipment required for pollination, such as pollen isolation nets, rubber bands, ropes, scissors, etc.; the pollen isolation net is an ultra-dense nylon net with a pore size of 500-1000 mesh to ensure the smooth progress of pollination operations; S2: Optimize the pollination process: Before pollination, select healthy and mature Phalaenopsis flowers for pollination; during pollination, select bright yellow, sticky, loose and non-hardened pollen as pollination materials, and pollinate on the third day after the Phalaenopsis flowers bloom; disinfect the pollination tools with 75% alcohol; first remove the pollen blocks of the female parent, take the light yellow fresh pollen blocks of the male parent and place them in the stigma cavity of the female parent; hang a tag on the female parent after pollination; repeat pollination 3 times according to the degree of flower opening and pollination conditions; S3: Cultivation management after pollination: After pollination, control the temperature difference between day and night at 26℃, air humidity at 80%, and light intensity at 13000lux to promote flower bud differentiation and successful pollination; when fertilizing, in order to avoid damaging the plants, use P10-30-20 / 15-20-25 4000 times alternately twice. Increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can promote the healthy development of Phalaenopsis pods; regularly check the growth of Phalaenopsis, promptly discover and deal with pests and diseases, keep the plants healthy, and help increase the pollination and pod setting rate.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in step S2, pollination is performed 30 days after the Phalaenopsis flowers are in full bloom, and the other steps are the same.

[0029] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in step S2, pollination is performed on the 7th day after the Phalaenopsis flowers are in full bloom, and the other steps are the same.

[0030] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in step S3, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 35° C., and the other steps are the same.

[0031] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the air humidity in step S3 is 90%, and the other steps are the same.

[0032] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the light intensity in step S3 is 20000 lux, and the other steps are the same.

[0033] The pollination and pod setting rates of each embodiment and comparative example were tested. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0034] Table 1 Performance test results

[0035] From the above performance test results, it can be seen that the pollination and pod setting rates of Examples 1-3 are significantly improved, reaching more than 95%, especially the pollination and pod setting rate of Example 3 is the highest. However, since Comparative Examples 1-5 do not adopt the necessary technical solutions, their corresponding performance tests are significantly worse than those of the Examples. The above experimental results further prove the importance of the technical solutions defined in the present invention for its technical effects.

[0036] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybridization pollination, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Preparation before pollination: According to the breeding direction, select varieties with good comprehensive traits and wide adaptability as female parents, and select varieties with improved target traits as male parents to construct hybrid combinations; select Phalaenopsis plants with strong growth, full buds and no diseases and insect pests as pollination objects; prepare the tools and equipment required for pollination to ensure the smooth progress of pollination operations; S2: Optimize the pollination process: Before pollination, select healthy and mature Phalaenopsis flowers for pollination; during pollination, select bright yellow, sticky, loose and non-hardened pollen as pollination materials, and pollinate on the 1st to 30th day after the Phalaenopsis flowers are in full bloom; disinfect the pollination tools with alcohol; first remove the pollen blocks of the female parent, take the fresh yellowish pollen blocks of the male parent and place them in the stigma cavity of the female parent; hang a tag on the female parent after pollination; repeat pollination according to the degree of flower opening and pollination conditions; S3: Cultivation management after pollination: After pollination, control the temperature difference between day and night, air humidity and light intensity to provide the best growth environment for Phalaenopsis; according to the growth needs of Phalaenopsis, carry out fertilization, watering and pest control to promote the healthy growth of the plant.

2. A method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybridization pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a male parent that blooms on the same day and a female parent that blooms 3-7 days after flowering are selected for cross pollination.

3. A method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybridization pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tools and equipment required for pollination in step S1 include a pollen isolation net, a rubber band, a rope, a scissors, etc.

4. A method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybrid pollination according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pollen isolation net is an ultra-dense nylon net with a pore size of 500-1000 meshes.

5. A method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybrid pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, bright yellow, sticky, and newly bloomed pollen is selected as the pollination material.

6. The method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybridization pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, pollination is performed 1 to 10 days after the Phalaenopsis flowers bloom.

7. The method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybrid pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, pollination is performed 3-4 days after the Phalaenopsis flowers bloom.

8. The method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybridization pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollination in step S2 is repeated 2-4 times.

9. The method for improving the pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis hybrid pollination according to claim 1, characterized in that: All tools used in step S2 are disinfected with 75% alcohol.

10. The method for improving the hybrid pollination and pod-setting rate of Phalaenopsis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the temperature difference between day and night is 23-28° C., the air humidity is 70-85%, and the light intensity is 12000-15000 lux; when fertilizing, in order to avoid damaging the plants, fertilizer P10-30-20 / 15-20-25 4000 times is used alternately.

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