Solanaceous fruit seedling raising facility and seedling raising method thereof

Abstract

According to the solanaceous seedling raising facility and the solanaceous seedling raising method provided by the invention, the intelligent environment regulation and control system of the facility can accurately adjust various environmental factors in the seedling raising treatment chamber, meet the requirements of seedlings at different stages, optimize growth conditions and improve the seedling raising efficiency and uniformity. Meanwhile, resources such as water and fertilizer can be precisely put in the system, and waste is reduced. An automatic seedling raising processing system in the facility can automatically execute operations such as sowing and grafting according to the breeding progress, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced. Meanwhile, the invention further provides a matched seedling raising method. According to the method, an automatic seedling raising treatment system is utilized, the seedling raising task can be automatically, continuously and rapidly completed, and errors generated by manual operation are reduced. For example, the visual module can quickly position the grafting part, shorten the adjustment time, accelerate the grafting speed, realize the process standardization and guarantee the grafting quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation and planting, and further to a solanaceous seedling cultivation facility and a seedling cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Seedling facilities for Solanaceae crops occupy a vital position in modern agricultural production. However, current seedling facilities still expose many defects in multiple key links such as environmental regulation, sowing efficiency and seedling quality. These problems directly restrict the healthy growth and final yield of Solanaceae seedlings. Traditional seedling facilities usually adopt a simple greenhouse structure, and their environmental regulation ability is limited, which makes it difficult to meet the precise requirements of seedlings for environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and light at different growth stages. In addition, the traditional seedling facilities have a low degree of automation in key links such as sowing and grafting, resulting in high labor intensity, low efficiency, and easy human errors. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a facility that can realize intelligent environmental regulation and automated seedling processing. In addition, the sowing and seedling raising process is highly dependent on manual operation, lacking the ability to adjust key growth parameters such as light, temperature and humidity in real time, which not only leads to poor seedling raising effect, but also makes seedling raising efficiency low, and seedling quality is difficult to be effectively guaranteed. At the same time, the lack of automation also affects production efficiency and the overall quality of seedlings.

[0003] In modern agricultural production scenarios such as large greenhouses and agricultural science and technology demonstration parks, how to effectively improve the environmental control capabilities of eggplant and tomato seedling facilities and achieve intelligent and precise control of key growth parameters such as light, temperature and humidity, therefore, it is necessary to provide an automatic and intelligent seedling facility and a supporting seedling method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the existing problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solanaceae seedling raising facility and a seedling raising method thereof. The solanaceae seedling raising facility is equipped with an intelligent environmental control system, which can accurately adjust various environmental factors in the seedling raising treatment room to meet the environmental requirements of seedling raising at different growth stages. Such intelligent management significantly improves the stability of the seedling raising environment, ensures that the seedlings grow under the best environmental conditions, improves the seedling raising efficiency, and maintains the uniformity of the seedlings. At the same time, the system can also accurately control the input of resources, such as water and fertilizers, effectively reduce resource waste, and improve resource utilization efficiency. The automated seedling raising processing system in the facility can automatically perform operations such as sowing and grafting according to the breeding progress, greatly improving the operating efficiency, realizing the automation of breeding, and significantly reducing the intensity of manual labor. At the same time, the present invention also provides a set of matching seedling raising methods. This method uses an automated seedling raising processing system to continuously and quickly complete the seedling raising task, reducing errors in manual operations. For example, the visual module can quickly locate the grafting site, shortening the search and adjustment time during grafting. It not only speeds up the grafting process, but also promotes the standardization of the grafting process, ensuring that the grafting of each seedling follows a unified high standard, thereby improving the overall quality of the grafting.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A seedling raising facility for Solanaceae vegetables, comprising: a plant factory, an intelligent environmental control system, and an automated seedling raising processing system; the plant factory comprises a plurality of seedling raising processing rooms, each of which provides a cultivation place for each seedling raising stage of the Solanaceae seedlings; the intelligent environmental control system is used to monitor the environment in the plant factory, and to control the temperature, humidity, light, water and fertilizer, CO2 concentration and substrate in the plant factory according to the seedling raising conditions of the Solanaceae seedlings; the automated seedling raising processing system is used to perform automated sowing, grafting and seedling transportation according to the breeding process.

[0007] In some embodiments, the intelligent environment control system includes: a temperature and humidity control unit, a lighting control unit, a CO2 concentration control unit, and a water and fertilizer control unit; the temperature and humidity control unit is used to monitor and control the temperature and humidity in the seedling treatment room; the lighting control unit is used to monitor and control the lighting ratio, lighting intensity and lighting time; the CO2 concentration control unit is used to monitor and control the CO2 concentration; the water and fertilizer control unit is used to prepare and apply nutrient solution, including an irrigation module and a fertilizer control module, the irrigation module is used to automatically irrigate according to the growth status and substrate status of the Solanaceae seedlings, and the fertilizer control module is used to monitor the substrate status and prepare and apply fertilizer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the temperature and humidity control unit further includes: an automatic water spraying module, which is used to automatically spray water according to the humidity in the plant factory and control the water spraying amount and water spraying frequency.

[0009] In some embodiments, the intelligent environment control system further includes: a liquid return module, which is used to recycle the remaining liquid from irrigation.

[0010] In some embodiments, the automated seedling processing system includes: an automatic sowing unit, a grafting unit, a transplanting unit and a conveying unit; the automatic sowing unit includes a substrate processing module, a sowing module, a soil covering module and an irrigation module; the grafting unit includes: a visual module, used to monitor and determine whether the state of the Solanaceae seedlings has reached a suitable state for grafting, and to monitor the steps in the grafting process in the grafting area; the transplanting unit is used to transplant the Solanaceae seedlings after grafting healing to the seedling tray; the conveying unit is used to transport the Solanaceae seedlings to each unit according to the seedling processing process.

[0011] The present invention also provides a seedling raising method for Solanaceae vegetables, which adopts the above-mentioned seedling raising facility and comprises the following steps: sowing Solanaceae seeds in a plug tray filled with a matrix, and then germinating them to obtain seedlings; when the seedlings grow to a predetermined seedling age, grafting the scion seedlings with rootstocks to obtain grafted seedlings, wherein the scion seedlings are the seedlings to be grafted; after the grafted seedlings have grown slowly, seedlings are obtained, and the seedlings are cultivated until they emerge.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of sowing Solanaceae seeds in a plug tray filled with a substrate includes: placing the processed substrate into the plug tray, sowing the Solanaceae seeds into each hole of the plug tray, covering with vermiculite, and watering the plug tray.

[0013] In some embodiments, the germination step includes: covering the plug tray where the Solanaceae seeds are sown with a film, observing the germination every 2-8 hours, and when the germination rate reaches 30% to 40%, uncovering the film, moving the plug tray into the growth chamber, and supplementing light.

[0014] In some embodiments, before sowing Solanaceae seeds in a plug tray filled with a substrate, the process further includes: substrate treatment: soaking the substrate with a nutrient solution, wherein the substrate is a rock wool plug or coconut bran; and / or, before sowing Solanaceae seeds in a plug tray filled with a substrate, the process further includes: selecting the Solanaceae seeds; and / or, before grafting the scion seedlings with the rootstock, the process further includes: disinfecting the grafting environment, separating the rootstock, and irrigating the rootstock and the scion seedlings with a nutrient solution.

[0015] In some embodiments, the seedling raising method further comprises: transplanting and planting management of the seedlings according to a planting plan.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the Solanaceae seedling raising facility and the method thereof provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The intelligent environment control system provided in the solanaceous seedling raising facility provided by the present invention is highly intelligent and can accurately adjust the environmental parameters in each seedling raising processing room according to the specific needs of the seedlings at different growth stages, including temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., thereby greatly improving the stability and quality of the seedling raising environment, and carrying out refined management of the seedling raising environment to ensure that the seedlings grow under the best conditions, thereby improving the uniformity of the seedlings, and can also achieve accurate delivery of resources, such as water and fertilizers, to reduce waste and improve resource utilization efficiency; and the automated seedling raising processing system can automatically complete a series of operations such as sowing, grafting, and seedling transportation according to the breeding process, greatly improving production efficiency, realizing the automation of breeding, and reducing manual labor intensity;

[0018] 2. The present invention also provides a seedling raising method matched with the seedling raising facility. The automated seedling raising processing system of the system can continuously and quickly complete tasks such as sowing, transplanting, and grafting, reducing errors caused by manual operation. For example, the visual module can quickly identify the grafting site, reducing the search and adjustment time during the grafting process. The visual module not only improves the grafting speed, but also assists in the standardization of the grafting process, ensuring that the grafting of each plant is carried out according to a unified standard, thereby improving the overall grafting quality. This automated breeding method not only has high breeding efficiency, but also saves labor costs, and is of great significance for improving the level of modernization of agricultural production and promoting sustainable agricultural development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the Solanaceae vegetable seedling raising facility provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 The present invention provides a schematic flow chart of the method for raising seedlings of solanaceous vegetables. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] In order to simplify the drawings, only the parts related to the invention are schematically shown in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, in order to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of the parts with the same structure or function is schematically drawn or marked. In this article, "one" not only means "only one", but also means "more than one".

[0024] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0025] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] In addition, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] In this embodiment, a solanaceous vegetable seedling raising facility is provided, including: a plant factory, an intelligent environmental control system, and an automated seedling raising and processing system.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the plant factory includes multiple seedling processing rooms, each of which provides a cultivation place for each seedling stage of Solanaceae vegetables. For example, there are 4 seedling processing rooms, namely a sowing room, a germination room, a grafting room and a growth room. Solanaceae vegetable seeds are automatically sown in the sowing room, and the plug trays with sown seeds are sent to the germination room for germination. The plug trays that reach the preset germination rate are first sent to the growth room for growth. When the seedlings reach the period for grafting, they are sent to the grafting room for grafting. After the grafting is completed, the grafted seedlings are sent to the growth room for healing and growth until they emerge.

[0030] It should be noted that the number of the above-mentioned seedling processing rooms can be adjusted according to the seedling plan.

[0031] The above-mentioned intelligent environmental control system is used to monitor the environment within the plant factory, and regulate the temperature, humidity, light, water and fertilizer, CO2 concentration and substrate within the plant factory according to the seedling conditions of Solanaceae and eggplant seedlings. That is, the intelligent environmental control system detects the environmental parameters in each seedling treatment room, and adjusts the environmental parameters in each seedling treatment room in combination with the Solanaceae and eggplant seedlings at different growth periods to provide them with a suitable growth environment.

[0032] The above-mentioned automated seedling raising and processing system is used for automated sowing, grafting and transplanting, that is, automatically completing the sowing of Solanaceae vegetable seeds in the sowing room, the grafting process in the grafting room, and the process of transplanting the healed grafted seedlings.

[0033] In some embodiments, the intelligent environment control system includes: a temperature and humidity control unit, a light control unit, a CO2 concentration control unit and a water and fertilizer control unit, specifically:

[0034] The temperature and humidity control unit is used to monitor and control the temperature and humidity of the seedling processing room. Each seedling processing room is respectively provided with a temperature detection module, a temperature adjustment module, a humidity detection module and an automatic water spraying module. The temperature detection module can detect the temperature of each seedling processing room in real time through a temperature sensor. The temperature adjustment module (heat pump or air conditioning equipment, etc.) adjusts the temperature according to the temperature value. The humidity detection module detects the humidity of each seedling processing room in real time through a humidity sensor. The automatic water spraying module automatically sprays water according to the humidity value, and can automatically adjust the water spraying amount and frequency.

[0035] The light control unit is used to monitor and control the light ratio, light intensity and light time, including: light sensors, fill-light equipment and shading equipment. The light sensors are used to sense the position and intensity of sunlight (natural light). When natural light is insufficient, the light control unit will automatically start the fill-light equipment and automatically adjust parameters such as light intensity to ensure the amount of light required for plant growth; when the light is too strong or no light is needed, the light control unit will turn on the shading equipment (such as a shade net) to reduce the light intensity or directly avoid light to prevent plants from being damaged by strong sunlight.

[0036] The CO2 concentration control unit is used to monitor and control the CO2 concentration, including: a CO2 concentration detection module, a CO2 concentration increasing module and a CO2 concentration reducing module. The CO2 concentration detection module can detect the CO2 concentration in real time through a concentration sensor. When the CO2 concentration is insufficient, the CO2 concentration increasing module (such as a CO2 generator, etc.) automatically starts to introduce CO2 into the seedling treatment room; when the CO2 concentration is too high, the CO2 concentration reducing module (such as a fan or a CO2 absorption device) is turned on to reduce the CO2 concentration.

[0037] The water-fertilizer control unit can allocate and apply nutrient solution, including an irrigation module and a fertilizer control module. The irrigation module is used to automatically irrigate according to the growth conditions and substrate conditions of Solanaceae vegetable seedlings. The fertilizer control module is used to monitor the substrate conditions and allocate and apply nutrient solution. The above nutrient solution is prepared from fertilizer and water.

[0038] Furthermore, the above-mentioned intelligent environmental control system also includes: a liquid return module, which is used to recycle the remaining liquid (water, nutrient solution, etc.) after irrigation so that irrigation can be carried out again.

[0039] The above-mentioned intelligent environmental control system can automatically optimize and adjust the growth environment of Solanaceae and eggplant vegetable seedlings according to the specific needs of the seedlings at different stages of seedling cultivation, ensuring that the seedlings receive the most suitable temperature, humidity, light and carbon dioxide concentration. In addition, the intelligent environmental control system has an automatic and efficient management method, which significantly improves the efficiency of energy use, avoids unnecessary energy consumption, and realizes precise allocation of resources.

[0040] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned automated seedling raising and processing system includes: an automatic sowing unit, a grafting unit, a transplanting unit and a conveying unit, specifically:

[0041] The automatic sowing unit includes a substrate processing module, a sowing module, a soil covering module and an irrigation module. The substrate processing module pre-treats the substrate for sowing Solanaceae vegetable seeds, including automatically crushing and stirring the substrate to ensure the homogeneity and appropriate moisture content (50% to 60%) of the substrate and create an ideal substrate environment; the sowing module is used to sow the processed Solanaceae vegetable seeds in the hole tray, and precision mechanical equipment can be used for sowing; the soil covering module is used to cover the soil after sowing, and the amount of soil covering is adjusted according to the actual situation to provide a dark environment for the seeds to facilitate germination; the irrigation module is used to irrigate the hole tray after covering the soil to keep the substrate moist and provide water supply for seed germination.

[0042] The core component of the grafting unit is the visual module, which is used to monitor and determine whether the state of the Solanaceae vegetable seedlings has reached the appropriate state for grafting, and to monitor and guide the grafting operation steps in the grafting area to improve the grafting survival rate. During the manual grafting process, the visual module captures the seedling image through a high-resolution camera and identifies the seedling scion and rootstock suitable for grafting. Using image processing technology, it identifies the best cutting position of the scion and rootstock, and transmits the image information to the display screen. The operator can determine the grafting period and cutting position based on the information in the image. If mechanical equipment such as a grafting robot is used, the camera helps identify the grafting position, and the robot makes precise cuts according to the guidance of the visual module. At the same time, the visual module monitors the grafting process in real time and guides the robot to accurately dock the scion and rootstock. The visual module can also guide the robot to cut at an appropriate angle and depth to meet different grafting requirements. In addition, with the assistance of the visual module, the robot can correctly use the grafting tape or grafting glue to ensure that the scion and rootstock are tightly fixed.

[0043] The Solanaceae vegetable seedlings are transplanted to the seedling tray, and precision mechanical equipment can be used to carry out the transplanting process.

[0044] The conveying unit is used to transport Solanaceae vegetable seedlings to various units according to the seedling processing process, such as sending the completed sowing plug trays to the germination room for germination, then moving the sprouted plug trays out of the germination room and sending them to the growth room for growth, sending the plug trays in the growth room to the grafting room, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] This embodiment also provides a method for raising seedlings of solanaceous vegetables, using the solanaceous vegetable seedling raising facility in Example 1. The steps of the method are briefly described as follows:

[0047] (1) Sowing and germination: In the sowing room, sow the Solanaceae seeds in the plug tray containing the substrate, transfer the plug tray to the germination room for germination, obtain the seedlings, and transfer the seedlings to the growth room for cultivation.

[0048] (2) Grafting: When the seedlings grow to a predetermined age, the seedlings are transferred to a grafting room, and the scion seedlings are grafted onto the rootstock with the assistance of a visual assistance module to obtain grafted seedlings. The scion seedlings are the seedlings to be grafted, and the grafted seedlings are then transferred to a growth room for cultivation.

[0049] (3) Healing and seedling acclimatization: The grafted site of the grafted seedlings needs some time to heal and then to be grown. The seedlings are then cultivated until they emerge.

[0050] During the entire seedling raising process, the above-mentioned intelligent environmental control system can accurately control the internal environment of each seedling treatment room, and automatically adjust the temperature, humidity, light, CO2 concentration and nutrient solution. The system can optimize environmental parameters and nutrient solution conditions according to the specific needs of different seedling ages to ensure that crop growth is not restricted by natural conditions, greatly improving the efficiency and stability of seedling raising. Thanks to the automated control system, manual intervention is reduced, labor intensity is reduced, and overall production efficiency is significantly improved.

[0051] In some embodiments, the step of sowing Solanaceae vegetable seeds in step (1) comprises:

[0052] Place the processed substrate into the plug tray, sow the Solanaceae and eggplant vegetable seeds into each hole of the plug tray, cover it with vermiculite, and water the plug tray to keep the substrate moist and ensure that there is enough water for the seeds to germinate.

[0053] In some embodiments, the germination step in step (1) comprises:

[0054] Cover the plug tray where sowing Solanaceae vegetable seeds is done with film, observe the germination every 2-8 hours, and when the germination rate reaches 30%-40%, remove the film, move the plug tray into the growth room, and provide additional light.

[0055] In some embodiments, step (1) further includes a substrate treatment step: soaking the substrate with a nutrient solution, the substrate being a rock wool plug or coconut bran (should comply with the requirements of NY / T 2118). The seedling blocks may also be rock wool plugs or coconut bran.

[0056] If rock wool plugs are selected for sowing, the shape is preferably cylindrical, with dimensions of 20 mm (diameter) × 27 mm (height), which can be loaded into a 240-hole rock wool plug tray, with a plug tray length and width of 450 mm (diameter) × 620 mm.

[0057] When the rock wool block is used for the first transplant, the dimensions are: length × width × height = 10cm × 10cm × 6.5cm.

[0058] If coconut husk bricks are used for sowing, the size is: length × width × height = 30cm × 30cm × 12 ± 2cm (5kg compressed, size before expansion), EC < 0.3mS / cm, pH: 5.8 ~ 7.0, Na (BaCl2-H2O) < 1.0mmol / L, K (BaCl2-H2O) < 2.0mmol / L, water content < 18%, particles: 0-6mm. After expansion, put it into a 128-hole standard plug tray, the number of holes is 8 × 16, length × width = 54cm × 28cm, the diameter of a single hole is 3cm, the depth is 3.8cm, and the bottom diameter is 1.3cm.

[0059] If coconut bran blocks are selected for the first transplanting, 100%, particles 0-6 mm, EC <1, pH 5.8-6.8, the size after expansion is: length × width × height = 10 cm × 10 cm × 6.5 cm.

[0060] In some embodiments, before step (1), the method further includes: selecting and disinfecting Solanaceae vegetable seeds.

[0061] In some embodiments, before step (2), the method further includes: disinfecting the grafting environment, dividing the rootstock, and irrigating the rootstock and scion seedlings with nutrient solution.

[0062] In some embodiments, step (3) further includes: transplanting and planting the seedlings according to the planting plan.

[0063] The following describes the seedling raising method in detail by taking the cultivation of tomato seedlings as an example and combining the solanaceous vegetable seedling raising facility in Example 1:

[0064] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the plant factory is set up with four seedling processing rooms as an example, namely the sowing room, germination room, grafting room and growth room. Figure 1 The arrow in the middle shows the breeding process between the processing chambers of the automated seedling processing system.

[0065] Preferably, the air quality of the above-mentioned seedling raising facility environment should meet the requirements of GB 3095. At the same time, the seedling raising facility should have the properties of solid structure, good thermal insulation effect, strong fire resistance and disaster resistance, and the shell of the seedling raising processing room adopts double-sided color steel polyurethane sheet with a thickness of not less than 100mm.

[0066] The entire plant factory is reasonably planned according to the entire planting area. The length is preferably 25-30m, preferably 25m; the span is between 7m-9m, preferably 8m; the height is 4m-5m, preferably 4.5m, that is, the area of ​​a plant factory is 200m 2 The maximum number of seedlings raised at a time can reach about 200,000 (seedlings), which is convenient for management and regulation. If the number of seedlings raised is large, 200m 2 Just increase the number of plant factories for the unit.

[0067] Furthermore, the performance requirements of the intelligent environmental control system are:

[0068] Temperature control range: 18-30℃±1℃.

[0069] Relative humidity range: 50%~100%.

[0070] Light intensity: 250-300 μmol / m2 / s.

[0071] CO2 control concentration: 400-2000μmol / mol.

[0072] Fresh air: The ratio is adjustable and equipped with filtering and sterilization equipment.

[0073] Wind speed: 0.5-1m / s, and the wind speed is uniform.

[0074] The irrigation water complies with GB 5084 (agricultural irrigation water quality standard) and is treated with ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis during use to ensure that the conductivity of the irrigation pure water is ≤50μS / cm.

[0075] Preferably, during the seedling raising process, the seedbed should be a multi-layer seedbed with a metal bed frame, a PVC bed surface, and an aluminum alloy frame treated with hot-dip galvanizing for corrosion and rust prevention. It can be a movable seedbed vehicle with pulleys and brakes, or a fixed seedbed frame.

[0076] Considering the convenience of manual operation, it is recommended to set up 4 layers with a height of no more than 2m. The LED supplementary light installed in the seedbed is required to have an adjustable red-to-blue ratio, and the light intensity of each layer irradiating the top of the plant should not be less than 250μmol / s / m 2 ; It is required to use tidal seedbeds, the water filling time is completed within 1-2 minutes, and the drainage time is about 5-10 minutes. The above-mentioned lighting, water filling and drainage are automatically controlled by the intelligent environmental control system.

[0077] Seedbed specific parameters refer to Table 1 below:

[0078] Table 1 Seedbed setting parameters

[0079]

[0080] The plant factory should use facility-specific disinfectants, such as 84, to wipe or spray disinfectant according to the recommended proportions in the instructions 5 days before use.

[0081] S0, substrate and seed treatment:

[0082] Substrate preparation: The substrate processing module crushes and mixes the substrate and then loads it into the plug tray.

[0083] If rock wool plugs are used for seedling cultivation, soak all the plugged plugged plugs in nutrient solution for 1 hour before sowing. This will give better results when spraying during machine sowing. The EC of the nutrient solution for soaking the plugs should be 1.0mS / cm-1.5mS / cm, and the pH should be 5.5.

[0084] If coconut bran is used for seedling cultivation, it should comply with the requirements of NY / T 2118 and NY / T 2119. The coconut bran must be fully soaked one day before sowing (using clean water), put into the plug tray, and sprayed with a machine on the day of sowing for better results. The machine should only spray clean water during sowing.

[0085] Seed treatment: The quality of Solanaceae vegetable seeds should meet the requirements of hybrid seeds of grade one or above and conventional seeds or above in GB 16715.3. Seeds with high germination rate and strong germination potential should be selected.

[0086] The tomato seeds in this embodiment are selected from the main tomato varieties that are disease-resistant (such as various viral diseases, especially tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease), high-yield, high-quality, high-sugar, and suitable for market demand and people's consumption habits.

[0087] Plant coated or pelleted seeds can be sown directly, while uncoated or pelleted seeds need to be sterilized by soaking in 55℃ hot water, that is, soaking the seeds in 55℃ hot water for about 20-30 minutes, and then naturally cooling to room temperature. At present, the tomato seeds generally sown, especially the modern greenhouse varieties, are coated or sterilized, and do not need to be sterilized by soaking in hot water.

[0088] S1. Sowing: Sow the processed tomato seeds in the sowing room. The sowing module starts the seeder and sows the seeds into each hole. The sowing depth should be 0.5cm-1cm. Vermiculite is used for covering. The automatic water spraying module starts the spraying equipment to spray the covered hole tray with water until water seeps out of the drainage holes at the bottom of the hole tray.

[0089] When sowing, the rootstock can be sown together. The rootstock should have a well-developed root system, high resistance to diseases such as bacterial wilt and root rot, strong and stable grafting affinity and symbiosis with the tomato scion, and the rootstock variety should not change the fruit shape, color, taste, flavor, produce deformed fruits, reduce the growth of the plant, or cause the plant to grow too tall after grafting with the tomato.

[0090] In the sowing module, it is advisable to select sowing equipment with functions such as automatic sowing, matrix covering, and spraying. The sowing effect of the machine should be checked before covering the matrix after sowing to ensure that there is no missed sowing or over-sowing.

[0091] S2, germination: After sowing, quickly put the plug tray into the stacking tray and cover it with a film. The conveying unit will send the plug tray from the sowing room to the germination room for germination. After a period of cultivation, the seedlings will be obtained, and then the seedlings will be transferred to the growth room for cultivation. The germination temperature is 25°C and the humidity is 100%. From the second day (40 hours after sowing), observe the emergence every 2-8 hours (every 2 hours during the day and 8 hours after 10 pm. If some or individual seeds have sprouted at 10 pm, the plug tray should be uncovered and placed in the artificial light seedling plant factory, and the supplementary light should be turned on). When the germination rate on the plug tray reaches 30% to 40%, uncover the film, quickly send the plug tray into the growth room, and turn on the supplementary light. Depending on the variety, tomato seeds can generally sprout 2-5 days after sowing.

[0092] The intelligent environmental control system regulates the environmental parameters in the germination room and the growth room according to the germination conditions. According to the time required for planting in production, the light cycle in the growth room can be set to: 12h / 12h, 14h / 10h, 16h / 8h, 18h / 6h, 20h / 4h (light / dark), etc. 14h / 10h or 16h / 8h is recommended.

[0093] Light intensity was set to: 250-300 μmol / m 2 / s (measured at a height of about 25cm from the lamp tube). Red-to-blue ratio = 8:2, far-red light and ultraviolet light can be added in small amounts as an alternative. Temperature: 24-26℃ / 22-23℃ (light / dark). Relative humidity: 70%-90%. CO2 concentration: 800-1000μmol / mol (supplement under light, stop supplementing under dark). Tidal irrigation: EC is 2.0mS / cm-2.5mS / cm, pH is 5.5, ensure that the rock wool plug is not short of water (not less than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity).

[0094] The area of ​​the above-mentioned germination room is generally 20 to 30 m 2 , the height is 3-4m, the maximum number of seeds germinated at a time is not less than 200,000, the temperature, control and gas exchange in the germination room are controlled by the intelligent environment control system, the temperature can be controlled at 18℃-35℃, and the relative humidity can be controlled at 50%-100%. It is best to have a direct passage between the germination room and the growth room, or the distance is close to avoid a large temperature difference between the two, or a large temperature difference during transportation, so as to facilitate the nearby transportation of seedlings.

[0095] S3. Grafting:

[0096] (1) Grafting room setting: The area of ​​the grafting room is generally 20 to 30 m 2 , the height is 4m-5m, the intelligent environmental control system can effectively control the indoor temperature and humidity (can be humidified), and the indoor temperature can be ensured to be around 25°C and the relative humidity is 90%-100% during grafting. It is equipped with an operating table and lighting. It is better to build the grafting room and the growth room together, which can be separated by a door. After grafting, they can be quickly sent to the plant factory for seedling acclimatization.

[0097] (2) Preparation before grafting: The grafting room needs to be disinfected. If manual grafting is used, prepare necessary tools such as razor blades (sharp, prepare more, and replace them in time if there is a problem with manual cutting), 75% alcohol (prepare more and disinfect in time), and grafting clips (use white transparent tubular types, prepare more, generally 1.5-2.5 mm can be equipped, with 2 mm as the main type).

[0098] Rootstock seedlings: Transplant the seedlings in time (it can be done one week after germination), whether it is a 240-hole rock wool plug tray or a 128-hole bulk coconut bran plug tray, the seedlings should be transplanted in time, and one seedling should be taken out from each hole, that is, a 240-hole plug tray and a 128-hole plug tray have 120 and 64 seedlings respectively.

[0099] Scion seedlings (seedlings to be grafted): No need to separate (usually it takes 13-16 days from sowing to grafting).

[0100] When grafting, the scion seedlings and the rootstock seedlings should be of the same size, with two leaves and one heart, and a stem thickness of 2mm. In the growth room, the light intensity, photoperiod, temperature and other environmental controls can be used to make the scion seedlings and the rootstock seedlings of the same size when grafting.

[0101] The rootstock and scion seedlings are irrigated with nutrient solution 2 hours before grafting to allow the plants to fully absorb water.

[0102] (3) Formal grafting: The seedlings in the growth room are transferred to the grafting room and grafted using oblique grafting. With the assistance of the visual module, the scion seedlings are grafted onto the rootstock to obtain grafted seedlings. The grafting operation can be done manually or by machine. Taking manual grafting as an example, the rootstock seedlings are cut about 1 cm below the cotyledons, and the scion is cut about 0.5 cm above the cotyledons. The incisions of the scion and the rootstock are roughly at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees (the angles of the scion and the rootstock are consistent). The rootstock and scion plants are bonded immediately after cutting, and the grafted parts of the two are fixed together using a grafting clamp. In actual operation, you can first cut off half a plate of rootstock seedlings, then quickly add the grafting clamps, and then quickly insert the scion to ensure that the scion and rootstock fit tightly. The visual module can help the grafting personnel identify the grafting position more quickly. The grafting personnel only need to cut according to the image on the display screen. The visual module also monitors each link of the grafting process. When problems occur in the manual operation process, it can provide timely reminders and corrections, greatly improving the accuracy of the grafting process.

[0103] S4, healing & slowing down:

[0104] Transfer the grafted seedlings to the growth room for healing and acclimatization, which usually takes 5-6 days. Depending on the variety, it usually takes about 20 days from sowing to the end of grafting. After grafting, the tomato seedlings should be quickly placed in a high humidity environment. The environment of the growth room can refer to the following management measures:

[0105] On the first day (about 15 h), no light treatment was carried out, and the temperature and humidity were set at 25° C. and 100%, respectively.

[0106] The next day (24 h), the light intensity was set to 100 μmol / m 2 / s, the daytime (3h) temperature was set to 25℃, and the nighttime (3h) temperature was set to 23℃, which is equivalent to one cycle every 6 hours.

[0107] On the third day (24 h), the light intensity was set to 100 μmol / m 2 / s, the daytime (5h) temperature was set to 25℃, and the nighttime (5h) temperature was set to 23℃, which is equivalent to one cycle every 10 hours.

[0108] On the fourth day (24 h), the light intensity was set to 200 μmol / m 2 / s, the daytime (5h) temperature was set to 25℃, and the nighttime (5h) temperature was set to 23℃, which is equivalent to one cycle every 10 hours.

[0109] On the fifth day (24 h), the light intensity was set to 300 μmol / m 2 / s, the daytime (5h) temperature was set to 25℃, and the nighttime (5h) temperature was set to 23℃, which is equivalent to one cycle every 10 hours.

[0110] On the sixth day (15 h), the light intensity was set to 300 μmol / m 2 / s, the daytime (10h) temperature is set to 25°C, and the nighttime (5h) temperature is set to 23°C. At this time, the seedlings have fully survived and the grafted seedlings can grow in a normal seedling environment.

[0111] The relative humidity (RH) was set to 100% 1-2 days after grafting, 90%-100% for 2-4 days, and 85%-95% for 4-6 days. The red-to-blue ratio of the LED light source was set to 8:2, and no far-red light or ultraviolet light was added during the seedling acclimatization period.

[0112] In summary, the principle of environmental regulation in the growth room is to not provide light for a period of time (such as 12-15 hours) just after grafting, and then (the next day) provide moderate light. As long as the plant does not wilt seriously, weak light (such as 100μmol / m2 / s) can be continuously provided. After a slight wilt, the light can be suspended, and the light can be continued after the plant recovers. At this time, the relative humidity in the facility is 100%. After that, the light time and light intensity are gradually increased, and the relative humidity in the facility is gradually reduced, so that the plant does not wilt seriously. Under normal circumstances, the plant can be successfully grown after 5-6 days, and the grafted seedlings can be fully survived.

[0113] Evaluation criteria for grafted seedlings:

[0114] (1) Survival rate:

[0115] Excellent: The survival rate of grafted seedlings must be ≥ 95%.

[0116] Qualified: 95% > Grafted seedling survival rate ≥ 85%,

[0117] Unqualified: Grafted seedling survival rate <85%.

[0118] The price of tomato seedlings used in modern greenhouses is relatively high, and the survival rate of grafted seedlings is generally required to be ≥ 95%.

[0119] (2) Seedling index

[0120] Calculation formula: Tomato seedling index = [(stem diameter / plant height) × aboveground dry weight].

[0121] It is generally required that after successful grafting recovery (the 6th day after grafting), the grafting interface between the rootstock and the scion is well healed, the plant has a high seedling index, dark green leaves, and thick stems. The seedling index calculated by the above formula should be >0.01, and 0.015 is ideal.

[0122] After the grafting is successful, through the seedling acclimatization method provided by the invention, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is above 95%, and the seedling index is above 0.015.

[0123] 4. Transplanting and planting:

[0124] After the grafted seedlings have grown, the seedlings are transplanted to the substrate blocks (using the rock wool plugs or coconut bran mentioned above), and the seedlings are separated and cultivated in the growth room until they emerge. After the seedlings have grown, the environmental parameter settings and irrigation strategies of the growth room are still managed with reference to the parameters before grafting.

[0125] According to different planting plans, the management of transplanting and planting is divided into the following categories:

[0126] (1) Management of planting single seedlings

[0127] Due to the limited space in the plug tray, if the planting plan determines that the small seedlings (three leaves and one heart) with single heads are to be planted, they should be transported out of the growth room about 3 days after the grafting and transplanted to the designated cultivation greenhouse. The seedlings can grow in the plant factory for about 20-25 days.

[0128] (2) Management of planting single large seedlings

[0129] If the growth room is sufficient, the grafted seedlings can be transplanted to rock wool blocks or coconut bran blocks in time after the seedlings are successfully grown (within 2 days) (the substrate blocks are fully irrigated with nutrient solution). The seedlings can be transplanted twice. The substrate blocks for the first transplant are about 100 blocks / m 2 After 3-5 days, the distance between the matrix blocks is increased again, and the placement density is 15-20 blocks / m 2 , and then grow for about 5-7 days. When the seedlings begin to have flower spikes or grow near the supplementary light of the seedbed, they are transported out of the growth room and transplanted to the designated cultivation greenhouse. You can also choose to transplant the seedlings once, that is, the plug tray seedlings are directly placed in the substrate blocks, with a placement density of 15-20 blocks / m 2This saves labor, but increases the energy consumption of seedling cultivation. Seedlings can grow in a plant factory for about 30-35 days.

[0130] If the plant factory does not have enough light area (the plant factory area is limited), the substrate blocks can also be placed on the seedbed of the natural light seedling greenhouse in advance. After the substrate blocks fully absorb the nutrient solution (soaked in nutrient solution one day in advance), the grafted seedlings are directly transplanted into the substrate blocks. Refer to the above seedling division method and divide the seedlings into 2 times. The substrate blocks for the first seedling division are about 100 blocks / m 2 After 3-5 days, the distance between the matrix blocks is increased again, and the placement density is 15-20 blocks / m 2 , and then grow for about 5-7 days. When the seedlings begin to have flower spikes, they are transported out of the plant factory and transplanted to the designated cultivation greenhouse. The seedlings can grow for about 20-25 days in the plant factory and about 10-15 days in the seedbed of the natural light seedling greenhouse. At this time, the temperature of the natural light seedling greenhouse should be controlled at 23-28℃ during the day (depending on the low and high temperature seasons), preferably 25℃, 18-22℃ at night, and the greenhouse humidity should be 70% to 85%.

[0131] (3) Planting management of 2-3 seedlings

[0132] If the planting plan determines that small seedlings with multiple heads are to be planted, then 2 days after the successful grafting, the heads should be removed after leaving 3 true leaves. The removed seedlings can then grow in the plant factory for another 5-7 days. The total growth time of the seedlings in the plant factory is about 25-30 days.

[0133] (4) Planting management of 2-3 large seedlings

[0134] On the basis of 2-3 seedlings planting management, if the plant factory has enough area (sufficient light area), the headed seedlings in the 2-3 seedlings planting management can be transplanted into 10cm×10cm×6.5cm rock wool blocks or coconut bran blocks (the matrix blocks are fully irrigated with nutrient solution) in advance, and finally placed in the multi-layer seedbed matrix blocks are 15-20 blocks / m 2 , then the seedlings can grow for about 7 more days in the plant factory. When the plant factory emerges, the seedlings can be transplanted and planted in the designated cultivation greenhouse with flowers. The seedlings can grow for about 35-37 days in the plant factory.

[0135] Similarly, if the plant factory does not have enough light area, the matrix blocks can be placed on the seedbed of the natural light seedling greenhouse in advance. After the matrix blocks fully absorb the nutrient solution (soaked in nutrient solution one day in advance), the grafted seedlings can be directly transplanted into the matrix blocks. You can choose to remove the heads before transplanting into the matrix blocks, or you can transplant the seedlings into the matrix blocks and then remove the heads. The final matrix blocks are still 15-20 blocks / m 2, the seedlings can grow for about 20-30 days in the artificial light seedling plant factory, and about 7-15 days in the seedbed of the natural light seedling greenhouse. At this time, the temperature of the natural light seedling greenhouse should be controlled at 23-28℃ during the day (depending on the low and high temperature seasons), preferably 25℃, 18-22℃ at night, and the greenhouse humidity should be 70% to 85%.

[0136] Furthermore, the seedling standard is: the grafting interface between the rootstock and the scion is well healed, the stem is short and thick, the grafted seedlings grow robustly and uniformly, the leaves are thick and dark green, the root system is well developed, there are no quarantine pests and diseases, and no mechanical damage.

[0137] (1) Single-headed seedling: plant height is about 10-12cm, stem thickness is about 2-3mm, and the number of leaves is 3-4.

[0138] (2) Single-headed large seedlings: The plant height is about 25-50 cm (the plant height of large seedlings in plant factories is determined by the height limit of the layer), the stem thickness is about 6-9 mm, the number of leaves is 7-9, and it is better to have flower spikes.

[0139] (3) 2-3 seedlings: plant height is about 12-15cm, main stem is about 3-4mm thick, with 3 leaves, side branches are relatively uniform in size, about 5cm in length, and the stems of the side branches are thick and dark in color.

[0140] (4) 2-3 large seedlings: plant height is about 25-50 cm (the plant height of large seedlings in plant factories is determined by the height limit of the layer), the main stem is about 7-10 mm thick, and there are 3 leaves; the side branches are relatively uniform in size, about 20-30 cm, with 4-5 leaves, and flower spikes appear.

[0141] Further, the fertilizer in this embodiment should comply with the requirements of NY / T 1107-2020 (macro-element water-soluble fertilizer), NY2266-2012 (medium-element water-soluble fertilizer), and NY 1428-2010 (trace element water-soluble fertilizer). The formula of the nutrient solution (prepared by fertilizer and water) is as follows:

[0142] Table 2 Nutrient solution formula

[0143] A kg / 1000L A g / 1000L B kg / 1000L <![CDATA[Ca(NO3)2·4H2O]]> 130 <![CDATA[MnSO4·H2O]]> 175 <![CDATA[KNO3]]> 50 EDTA-Fe (13% Fe) 1.4 <![CDATA[ZnSO4·7H2O]]> 125 <![CDATA[KH2PO4]]> 25 <![CDATA[Na2B4O7·10H2O]]> 350 <![CDATA[K2SO4]]> 15 <![CDATA[CuSO4·5H2O]]> 25 <![CDATA[MgSO4·7H2O]]> 50 <![CDATA[Na2MoO4·2H2O]]> 15

[0144] Table 2 is the formula of the mother solution of nutrient solution. The irrigation nutrient solution uses the same proportion of mother solution A and B, adds appropriate amount of clean water, and HNO3 or NaOH for adjusting the acidity and alkalinity, to prepare the nutrient solution required for different seedling raising periods; the nutrient solution for soaking rock wool plug trays has an EC of 1.0mS / cm-1.5mS / cm and a pH of 5.5. The irrigation nutrient solution after emergence has an EC of 2.0mS / cm-2.5mS / cm and a pH of 5.5.

[0145] Furthermore, during the seedling raising process, plant protection during the seedling raising period must also be carried out, which should comply with the GB / T 8321 standard.

[0146] (1) Disease prevention and control: The plant factory should do a good job of disinfection, effectively control the humidity in the facility, and keep the concentrated seedling raising time short, so fungal diseases generally do not occur. If a disease occurs, it can be prevented and controlled in accordance with the requirements of NY / T3931-2021 and TCAMA49-2021.

[0147] (2) Pest control: The principle of "prevention first" should be followed during the prevention and control process, and strict management should be carried out before and during seedling cultivation. Common pests of tomato seedlings include whiteflies, whiteflies, aphids, etc., which can be trapped using yellow and blue boards (tapes), or controlled using 100 times biological soap.

[0148] Preferably, a production file can also be established during the seedling raising process: the production file includes key information such as the source of scion and rootstock seeds, the source of seedling raising medium, sowing date, grafting date, environmental control measures at different stages of the seedling stage, environmental parameters and irrigation conditions within the facility, use of fertilizers and pesticides, etc., and it should be properly preserved to facilitate future query and traceability, providing strong data support for later seedling raising.

[0149] In addition, a plant factory personnel entry and exit system needs to be formulated, including:

[0150] (1) Principle of no entry for unrelated personnel: Any personnel not related to seedling cultivation are prohibited from entering the plant factory, including staff in the cultivation area and visitors.

[0151] (2) Strict disinfection principle for seedling workers: Seedling workers entering the plant factory must strictly disinfect, including washing hands, changing work clothes, wearing head covers, disinfecting the soles of feet or wearing foot covers, etc.

[0152] (3) Principle of strict disinfection of various tools and equipment: All facilities and equipment in the plant factory, various operating tools, sensors, cameras, etc. brought in must be strictly disinfected.

[0153] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling raising facility for Solanaceae vegetables, characterized in that: include: Plant factories, intelligent environmental control systems, and automated seedling processing systems; The plant factory comprises a plurality of seedling raising and processing rooms, each of which provides a cultivation place for each seedling raising stage of Solanaceae seedlings; The intelligent environmental control system is used to monitor the environment in the plant factory and control the temperature, humidity, light, water and fertilizer, CO2 concentration and substrate in the plant factory according to the conditions for raising the solanaceous seedlings; The automated seedling raising and processing system is used for automated sowing, grafting and seedling transport according to the breeding process.

2. The seedling raising facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent environment control system includes: a temperature and humidity control unit, a light control unit, a CO2 concentration control unit and a water and fertilizer control unit; The temperature and humidity control unit is used to monitor and control the temperature and humidity in the seedling treatment room; The lighting control unit is used to monitor and control the lighting ratio, lighting intensity and lighting time; The CO2 concentration control unit is used to monitor and control the CO2 concentration; The water-fertilizer control unit is used for preparing and applying nutrient solution, and includes an irrigation module and a fertilizer control module. The irrigation module is used for automatic irrigation according to the growth conditions and substrate conditions of the Solanaceae seedlings, and the fertilizer control module is used for monitoring the substrate conditions and preparing and applying nutrient solution.

3. The seedling raising facility according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control unit further includes: an automatic water spraying module, which is used to automatically spray water according to the humidity in the plant factory and to control the water spraying amount and water spraying frequency.

4. The seedling raising facility according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent environmental control system further comprises: a liquid return module, and the liquid return module is used to recycle the remaining liquid after irrigation.

5. The seedling raising facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automated seedling raising and processing system comprises: an automatic sowing unit, a grafting unit, a transplanting unit and a conveying unit; The automatic sowing unit includes a substrate processing module, a sowing module, a soil covering module and an irrigation module; The grafting unit includes: a visual module for monitoring and determining whether the state of the solanaceous seedlings has reached a suitable state for grafting, and monitoring the steps in the grafting process in the grafting area; The transplanting unit is used to transplant the solanaceous seedlings after grafting and healing to the seedling tray; The conveying unit is used to convey the Solanaceae seedlings to various units according to the seedling raising process.

6. A method for raising seedlings of Solanaceae vegetables, using the seedling raising facility as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Sowing Solanaceae seeds in a plug tray filled with a substrate, and then germinating them to obtain seedlings; When the seedlings grow to a predetermined age, the scion seedlings are grafted onto the rootstock to obtain grafted seedlings, wherein the scion seedlings are the seedlings to be grafted; After the grafted seedlings have grown, seedlings are obtained and the seedlings are cultivated until they emerge.

7. The seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of sowing Solanaceae seeds in a plug tray containing a substrate comprises: The processed substrate is placed in the plug tray, the Solanaceae seeds are sown into the holes of the plug tray, and after covering with vermiculite, the plug tray is watered.

8. The seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The germination accelerating step comprises: covering the plug tray where the solanaceous seeds are sown with a film, observing the germination every 2-8 hours, and when the germination rate reaches 30%-40%, uncovering the film, moving the plug tray into the growth chamber, and supplementing light.

9. The seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises the following steps before sowing Solanaceae seeds in the plug tray containing the substrate: Substrate treatment: soaking the substrate with nutrient solution, wherein the substrate is rock wool plug or coconut bran; and / or, The method further comprises the following steps before sowing Solanaceae seeds in the plug tray containing the substrate: Selecting the Solanaceae seeds; and / or, Before the grafting of the scion seedling and the rootstock, the method further includes: disinfecting the grafting environment, dividing the rootstock, and irrigating the rootstock and the scion seedling with nutrient solution.

10. The seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: Transplant and plant the seedlings according to the planting plan.

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