Space-time memory task normal form method combining time discrimination and space memory

Abstract

The invention discloses a space-time memory task paradigm method and a space-time memory task device.The space-time memory task paradigm device comprises a treadmill, an arc-shaped track and two connecting bottom plates, the two ends of the arc-shaped track are fixedly installed with one ends of the connecting bottom plates respectively, the edges of the other ends of the two connecting bottom plates are close to the two ends of the treadmill respectively, and the arc-shaped track is connected with the two ends of the treadmill. The treadmill, the arc-shaped track and the two connecting bottom plates form a closed annular track, and a rodent moves on the track; ten marking points are arranged on the arc-shaped track at intervals, and the number of the marking points is ten. According to the space-time memory task device, the time length information and the accurate position information are associated, the complex situation that scene memory time and space information are combined is simulated, the comprehensiveness of data analysis is enhanced, and the space-time memory task device has great significance in mechanism research related to scene memory. And a feasible experimental normal form is provided for the influence of time reconstruction and dynamic interaction of brain function connection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal memory tasks, and in particular relates to a spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method that combines time discrimination and spatial memory. Background Art

[0002] Episodic memory is the memory of events (situations) that are personally experienced and occur at a certain time and place, using time and space as coordinates. Episodic memory is the most advanced and latest mature memory system in humans. It is also the memory system most affected by aging, and tends to decline with age.

[0003] The hippocampus is an important brain structure for episodic memory. There is a type of neuron in the hippocampus that can specifically represent spatial information, called place cells, which can emit action potentials at specific locations. This specific location is called the place domain of the place cell, and the place domain is considered to be the basis of the brain's spatial cognitive ability. Similarly, there is a type of neuron in the hippocampus that can specifically represent temporal information, called time cells, which can emit action potentials at specific moments. The specific moments are called the time domain of the time cell, and the time domain is also considered to be the basis of the brain's time perception ability. Spatial cognitive ability and time perception ability are both important parts of the brain's cognitive ability. Similarly, spatial information and time information are also important parts of episodic memory. However, there are no definite answers to how spatial cognition and time perception rely on neuronal representation in task states, and how the brain integrates different types of information. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the internal neural mechanisms that encode spatial information and time information in the brain.

[0004] However, at present, there is still no experimental paradigm in rodent research that can separately study the activity mechanisms of information encoding of temporal information and spatial information in the brain, and can also link temporal information and spatial information to study the neural mechanisms underlying episodic memory. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a spatiotemporal memory task device.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method that combines time discrimination and spatial position memory. The spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method of the present invention uses a spatiotemporal memory task device to explore the internal neural mechanism of encoding time information and spatial information in the brain under situational memory.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0008] A time-space memory task device comprises: a treadmill, an arc track and two connecting bottom plates, wherein two ends of the arc track are respectively fixed to one end of a connecting bottom plate, and the edges of the other ends of the two connecting bottom plates are respectively close to the two ends of the treadmill, so that the treadmill, the arc track and the two connecting bottom plates form a closed circular track, and a rodent moves on the track; and spaced marking points are arranged on the arc track, and the number of the marking points is 10.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the arc track remains horizontal and the arc track and the top surface of the treadmill are located in the same horizontal plane.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the spatiotemporal memory task device further includes: a blocking plate for preventing rodents from leaving the treadmill.

[0011] A temporal-spatial memory task paradigm method combining time discrimination and spatial memory, comprising: using the temporal-spatial memory task device to conduct a 14-day formal experiment on rodents, wherein the formal experiment is conducted in a seven-day cycle, the rodents are fed with controlled food in the first six days of each cycle, and the rodents are allowed to eat freely on the last day of each cycle; the formal experiment is conducted once a day in the order of steps S1, S2 and S3;

[0012] One end of the treadmill is taken as the starting position. In the formal experiment, the jth mark point and the j+2th mark point are selected from the 10 mark points every day as reward points, where 3≤j≤5 and the j value is random. An indicator block is fixed on the arc track outside the selected jth mark point and the j+2th mark point. The reward point close to the end where the rodent leaves the treadmill is taken as the near reward point, and the reward point far away from the end where the rodent leaves the treadmill is taken as the far reward point.

[0013] The rodents moved across the treadmill in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the belt on the treadmill's upper surface;

[0014] S1, free exploration phase

[0015] Repeat the following operation five times in a row: place the rodent at the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to start, let the rodent run a circle of the track in any time and return to the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to end, among which, no food reward is set for the rodent during the free exploration stage;

[0016] S2, rule familiarity stage

[0017] The rule familiarization task was repeated five times, and each rule familiarization task included the first long-term motor memory task and the first short-term motor memory task performed sequentially;

[0018] The first long-term motor memory task: place food rewards near the reward point, place the rodent at the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to start, make the rodent move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 15 seconds, play the medium-frequency sound prompt to end, the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track, and when the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in the air, play a low-frequency sound prompt to indicate that it has stopped at the correct reward position; if the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in the air, play a high-frequency sound prompt but no food reward is given, indicating that it has stopped at the wrong reward position;

[0019] The first short-term motor memory task: place the food reward at the far reward point, place the rodent at the starting position, play the medium-frequency sound prompt to start, make the rodent move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 6 seconds, play the medium-frequency sound prompt to end, the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track, and when the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in the air, play the low-frequency sound prompt to indicate that it has stopped at the correct reward position; if the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in the air, play the high-frequency sound prompt but no food reward is given, indicating that it has stopped at the wrong reward position;

[0020] S3, spatiotemporal memory task stage

[0021] Perform the second long-term motor memory task 15 times and the second short-term motor memory task 15 times in random order as one session, and perform two sessions in total;

[0022] The second long-term motor memory task: the rodent is placed at the starting position, and a medium-frequency sound prompt is played to start. The rodent is made to move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 15 seconds. The medium-frequency sound prompt is played to end, and the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track. When the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in hand, a low-frequency sound prompt is played to prompt that it has stopped at the correct reward position and the rodent is given a food reward. If the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in hand, a high-frequency sound prompt is played but no food reward is given, indicating that the wrong reward position has been found.

[0023] Second short-term motor memory task: Place the rodent at the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to start, and make the rodent move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 6 seconds. Play the medium-frequency sound prompt to end, and the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track. When the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in hand, play a low-frequency sound prompt to stop at the correct reward position and give the rodent a food reward; if the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in hand, play a high-frequency sound prompt but no food reward is given, indicating that the rodent has found the wrong reward position;

[0024] In S2 and S3, while the rodent was moving at a constant speed on the treadmill, a blocking plate was used to prevent the rodent from leaving the treadmill so that the rodent could complete the constant speed movement for a corresponding period of time.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the food control standard is: rodents are only allowed to obtain 20g to 25g of food per day.

[0026] In the above technical solution, after the rodent performs each step S1, S2 and S3, the rodent is taken away from the spatiotemporal memory task device and rests for 5 minutes, and the surface of the arc track is wiped within 5 minutes of the rodent's rest to remove the odor marks left by the rodent.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the speed of the treadmill is set to 12m / min.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the rodents were taken away from the spatiotemporal memory task device to rest for 5 minutes between two sessions, and the surface of the arc track was wiped with a wet towel within 5 minutes to remove the odor marks left by the rodents.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The spatiotemporal memory task device of the present invention links time length information with precise location information, simulates the complex situation of combining episodic memory time and spatial information, enhances the comprehensiveness of data analysis, and provides a feasible experimental paradigm for the study of mechanisms related to episodic memory, such as the development and control of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and the influence on the temporal reconstruction and dynamic interaction of brain functional connections. It is of great significance in the field of neuroscience for understanding how the brain processes and stores complex information, and promoting research and treatment in related fields.

[0031] 2. The spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method of the present invention can analyze the representation patterns of hippocampal neurons for time information and spatial information, and can also analyze the joint representation patterns in episodic memory containing time information and spatial position, which has promoted the current research on episodic memory. The spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method of the present invention also provides a feasible method for the study of the neural basis of rats' spatial cognitive function and time perception ability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spatiotemporal memory task device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A flowchart of the spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is the accuracy of the rats in the first session and the second session;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge characteristics of rat time cells;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a heat map of the firing of place cells in rats;

[0037] Figure 6 Heat maps of rats' discharges at different encoding stages.

[0038] Among them, 1: treadmill, 2: arc track, 3: marking point, 4: indicator block, 5: cylindrical support, 6: base, 7: connecting bottom plate, 8: blocking plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The spatiotemporal memory task device and paradigm method of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a time-space memory task device includes: a treadmill 1, an arc track 2 and two connecting base plates 7, the two ends of the arc track 2 are respectively fixed to one end of a connecting base plate 7, and the edges of the other ends of the two connecting base plates 7 are respectively close to the two ends of the treadmill 1, so that the treadmill 1, the arc track 2 and the two connecting base plates 7 form a closed ring track, and rodents (mouse) move on the track; spaced marking points 3 are set on the arc track 2.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A space-time memory task device, based on Example 1, the treadmill 1 is a Cyons animal experiment treadmill (product number: SA101), the outer diameter of the arc track 2 is 105 cm, the inner diameter is 95 cm, and the central angle of the arc track 2 is 252°; each marking point 3 is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 0.5 cm, and the number of marking points is 10.

[0044] The angle range of the arc track 2 is 54° to 306°, and the 10 marking points are evenly distributed in the angle range of 118° to 242° of the arc track and close to the center of the arc track. The distance between any two adjacent marking points is 12 cm. The first marking point is fixed at the 118° position of the arc track, and the tenth marking point is fixed at the 242° position of the arc track.

[0045] Four circular rail supports 5 (50 cm in height) are fixed to the bottom of the curved track 2. The treadmill 1 is fixed on a base 6. The base 6 and the circular rail supports 5 keep the curved track 2 horizontal and the top surface of the curved track 2 and the treadmill 1 in the same horizontal plane.

[0046] In this embodiment, the base 6 includes: a rectangular frame (45 cm long, 22 cm wide) and four cylindrical pillars 18.5 cm high. The rectangular frame is horizontally arranged, and the four cylindrical pillars are vertically fixed below the rectangular frame. The treadmill is fixed on the rectangular frame.

[0047] The time-space memory task device further includes: a blocking plate 8, which is a black acrylic plate of 35 cm×22 cm, used to prevent the rat from leaving the treadmill;

[0048] The upper surface of the arc track 2 and the connecting bottom plate 7 is covered with floor leather to isolate the metal material and provide visual clues for the rat. The arc track 2 and the base 6 are both made of stainless steel plate.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] On the basis of Example 2, Figure 2 As shown, a temporal-spatial memory task paradigm method combining time discrimination and spatial memory comprises: using the temporal-spatial memory task device in Example 1 to conduct a formal experiment on rats for 14 days, wherein the formal experiment is conducted in a cycle of seven days, the rats are fed with controlled food in the first six days of each cycle, and the rats are allowed to eat freely on the last day of each cycle, and the controlled food standard is: the rats are only allowed to obtain 20g to 25g of food (rat food) per day; the formal experiment is conducted once a day in the order of steps S1, S2 and S3, and the rats are taken away from the temporal-spatial memory task device after each step of S1, S2 and S3 and rest for 5 minutes, and the surface of the arc track is wiped within 5 minutes of the rats resting to remove the odor mark left by the rats;

[0051] One end of the treadmill is taken as the starting position. In the formal experiment, the jth mark point and the j+2th mark point are selected from the 10 mark points every day as reward points, where 3≤j≤5 and the j value is random. An indicator block 4 (the indicator block 4 is a black plastic block of 7 cm×3.5 cm×0.1 cm) is fixed on the arc track 2 outside the selected jth mark point and the j+2th mark point. The reward point close to the end where the rat leaves the treadmill is taken as the near reward point, and the reward point far away from the end where the rat leaves the treadmill is taken as the far reward point.

[0052] The direction in which the rats crossed the treadmill was opposite to the direction of movement of the running belt on the upper surface of the treadmill, and the speed of the treadmill was set at 12 m / min;

[0053] S1, free exploration phase

[0054] The following operation was repeated five times: the rat was placed at the starting position, a 1500 Hz medium-frequency sound was played as a reminder to start, the rat was allowed to run a circle of the track in any time and return to the starting position, and a 1500 Hz medium-frequency sound was played as a reminder to end. No food reward was set for the rat during the free exploration stage;

[0055] S2, rule familiarity stage

[0056] The rule familiarization task was repeated five times, and each rule familiarization task included the first long-term motor memory task and the first short-term motor memory task performed sequentially;

[0057] The first long-term motor memory task: food rewards were placed near the reward point, the rats were placed at the starting position, a 1500Hz medium-frequency sound was played to prompt the start, the rats were made to move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 15s, a 1500Hz medium-frequency sound was played to prompt the end, the rats left the treadmill and entered the arc track 2, when the rats stopped at the near reward point and waited with their heads forward, a 1000Hz low-frequency sound was played to prompt that they stopped at the correct reward position; if the rats stopped at the far reward point and waited with their heads forward, a 2000Hz high-frequency sound was played to prompt that there was no food reward, indicating that they stopped at the wrong reward position;

[0058] The first short-term motor memory task: food rewards were placed at the far reward point, the rats were placed at the starting position, and a 1500Hz medium-frequency sound was played to prompt the start. The rats were made to move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 6 seconds, and a 1500Hz medium-frequency sound was played to prompt the end. The rats left the treadmill and entered the arc track 2. When the rats stopped at the far reward point and waited with their heads forward, a 1000Hz low-frequency sound was played to prompt them to stop at the correct reward position. If the rats stopped at the near reward point and waited with their heads forward, a 2000Hz high-frequency sound was played to prompt them that there was no food reward, indicating that they stopped at the wrong reward position.

[0059] S3, spatiotemporal memory task stage

[0060] Performing the second long-term motor memory task 15 times and the second short-term motor memory task 15 times in random order was considered as one session, and two sessions (30 second long-term motor memory tasks and 30 second short-term motor memory tasks) were performed in total. Between the two sessions, the rats were taken away from the spatiotemporal memory task apparatus to rest for 5 minutes, and the surface of the arc track was wiped with a wet towel within 5 minutes to remove the scent marks left by the rats.

[0061] The second long-term motor memory task: the rat was placed at the starting position, and a 1500Hz medium-frequency sound was played to prompt the start. The rat was made to move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 15 seconds. The 1500Hz medium-frequency sound was played to prompt the end. The rat left the treadmill and entered the arc track 2. When the rat stopped at the near reward point and waited with its head in hand, a 1000Hz low-frequency sound was played to prompt it to stop at the correct reward position and give the rat a food reward. If the rat stopped at the far reward point and waited with its head in hand, a 2000Hz high-frequency sound was played but no food reward was given, indicating that the wrong reward position was found.

[0062] Second short-term motor memory task: Place the rat at the starting position, play a 1500Hz medium-frequency sound to prompt the start, and let the rat move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 6 seconds. Play a 1500Hz medium-frequency sound to prompt the end, and the rat leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track 2. When the rat stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in hand, play a 1000Hz low-frequency sound to prompt it to stop at the correct reward position and give the rat a food reward; if the rat stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in hand, play a 2000Hz high-frequency sound but no food reward is given, indicating that the rat has found the wrong reward position;

[0063] The rats used in the above procedures were Long-Evans and the food reward was popcorn crumbs.

[0064] In S2 and S3, during the uniform motion of the rat on the treadmill, the blocking plate 8 is used to prevent the rat from leaving the treadmill so that the rat completes the uniform motion for a corresponding period of time.

[0065] The rats were formally experimented with the spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method in Example 2, and the accuracy was recorded. The accuracy was used to measure the behavioral performance of the rats. The experimental period of the formal experiment was two weeks, and the experimental period increased or decreased according to the state of the rats. Under normal circumstances, the experimental period was two weeks. The accuracy rate was calculated as follows: if the rat stopped at the correct reward position, it was judged as correct, and if it stopped at the wrong reward position, it was judged as wrong. In the first long-term motor memory task and the second long-term motor memory task, the position of the near reward point was regarded as the correct reward position, and the position of the far reward point was regarded as the wrong position; in the first short-term motor memory task and the second short-term motor memory task, the position of the far reward point was regarded as the correct reward position, and the position of the near reward point was regarded as the wrong reward position.

[0066] according to Figure 3 It can be seen that the accuracy of rats finding the reward position is higher than the random level, which is 50%, proving that rats can learn the spatiotemporal memory task device. Rats can match and integrate time information and spatial position information one by one in one task. Figure 3S1 represents the accuracy rate of rats finding the reward location in the first session of the spatiotemporal memory task; S2 represents the accuracy rate of rats finding the reward location in the second session of the spatiotemporal memory task.

[0067] During the experiment, the spatiotemporal memory task device in Example 2 was used to obtain the discharge characteristics of the time cells of rats on the treadmill during the spatiotemporal memory task stage, such as Figure 4 As shown;

[0068] in, Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 (b) shows the action potential firing of a cell in rats in all the second short-term motor memory tasks in the first session and the second session, respectively. Figure 4 (c) and Figure 4 (d) shows the action potential firing of the same cell in all the second long-term motor memory tasks of rats in the first session and the second session. Figure 4 (a) to Figure 4 (d) are all discharge grid diagrams.

[0069] Figure 4 (e) and Figure 4 (f) are the discharge rates of all the second short-term motor memory tasks in the two sessions and the discharge rates of all the second long-term motor memory tasks in the two sessions. Figure 4 (e) and Figure 4 (f) are all discharge heat maps. Figure 4 (g) is a graph of the discharge rate changes on the time axis for all second short-term motor memory tasks and all second long-term motor memory tasks in the spatiotemporal memory task stage. Based on this paradigm, time cells can be collected, and subsequent single neuron and neuron cluster analysis can be performed to explore the brain's encoding mechanism of time information.

[0070] During the experiment, the firing characteristics of the place cells of rats on the arc track were also obtained, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The middle left picture shows the firing characteristics of place cells when the rat is near a distant reward point on the arc track. Figure 5 The middle right picture shows the firing characteristics of place cells when the rat is near the reward point on the arc track. Based on this paradigm, place cells can be collected and subsequent single neuron and neuron cluster analysis can be performed to explore the brain's encoding mechanism of time information.

[0071] During the experiment, the rats' ability to encode temporal and spatial information in episodic memory was analyzed based on their behavioral performance and discharge characteristics in the time-space memory task on any day of the experimental cycle, creating conditions for scientific research on the encoding of multiple information in post-episodic memory, such as Figure 6 As shown. Among them, Figure 6 The upper left picture shows the representation of time cells in rats in the second short-term motor memory task. Figure 6 The lower left picture shows the representation of time cells in rats in the second long-term motor memory task. Figure 6 The upper right picture shows the representation of place cells in rats in the second short-term motor memory task. Figure 6 The lower right image shows the representation of place cells in rats during the second long-term motor memory task. Figure 6 It can be seen that the ability of rats to jointly encode temporal and spatial information can be explored at the single neuron level and the neural cluster level, and then the neural mechanism of episodic memory that integrates multiple information, as well as the pathological mechanism and subsequent regulation of related diseases can be explored.

[0072] The present invention is described above by way of example. It should be noted that, without departing from the core of the present invention, any simple deformation, modification or other equivalent replacement that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A space-time memory task device, characterized in that: include: A treadmill, an arc track and two connecting bottom plates, the two ends of the arc track are respectively fixed to one end of a connecting bottom plate, and the edges of the other ends of the two connecting bottom plates are respectively close to the two ends of the treadmill, so that the treadmill, the arc track and the two connecting bottom plates form a closed ring track, and the rodents move on the track; interval marking points are set on the arc track, and the number of marking points is 10.

2. The spatiotemporal memory task device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved track remains level and the curved track is at the same level as the top surface of the treadmill.

3. The spatiotemporal memory task device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatiotemporal memory task apparatus further includes a blocking plate for preventing the rodent from leaving the treadmill.

4. A spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method combining temporal discrimination and spatial memory, characterized in that: include: A 14-day formal experiment is conducted on rodents using the spatiotemporal memory task device described in any one of claims 1 to 3. The formal experiment is conducted in a cycle of seven days. The rodents are fed with controlled food for the first six days of each cycle, and the rodents are allowed to eat freely on the last day of each cycle. The formal experiment is conducted once a day in the order of steps S1, S2 and S3. One end of the treadmill is taken as the starting position. In the formal experiment, the jth mark point and the j+2th mark point are selected from the 10 mark points every day as reward points, where 3≤j≤5 and the j value is random. An indicator block is fixed on the arc track outside the selected jth mark point and the j+2th mark point. The reward point close to the end where the rodent leaves the treadmill is taken as the near reward point, and the reward point far away from the end where the rodent leaves the treadmill is taken as the far reward point. The rodents moved across the treadmill in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the belt on the treadmill's upper surface; S1, free exploration phase Repeat the following operation five times in a row: place the rodent at the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to start, let the rodent run a circle of the track in any time and return to the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to end, among which, no food reward is set for the rodent during the free exploration stage; S2, rule familiarity stage The rule familiarization task was repeated five times, and each rule familiarization task included the first long-term motor memory task and the first short-term motor memory task performed sequentially; The first long-term motor memory task: place food rewards near the reward point, place the rodent at the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to start, make the rodent move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 15 seconds, play the medium-frequency sound prompt to end, the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track, and when the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in the air, play a low-frequency sound prompt to indicate that it has stopped at the correct reward position; if the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in the air, play a high-frequency sound prompt but no food reward is given, indicating that it has stopped at the wrong reward position; The first short-term motor memory task: place the food reward at the far reward point, place the rodent at the starting position, play the medium-frequency sound prompt to start, make the rodent move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 6 seconds, play the medium-frequency sound prompt to end, the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track, and when the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in the air, play the low-frequency sound prompt to indicate that it has stopped at the correct reward position; if the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in the air, play the high-frequency sound prompt but no food reward is given, indicating that it has stopped at the wrong reward position; S3, spatiotemporal memory task stage Perform the second long-term motor memory task 15 times and the second short-term motor memory task 15 times in random order as one session, and perform two sessions in total; The second long-term motor memory task: the rodent is placed at the starting position, and a medium-frequency sound prompt is played to start. The rodent is made to move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 15 seconds. The medium-frequency sound prompt is played to end, and the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track. When the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in hand, a low-frequency sound prompt is played to prompt that it has stopped at the correct reward position and the rodent is given a food reward. If the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in hand, a high-frequency sound prompt is played but no food reward is given, indicating that the wrong reward position has been found. Second short-term motor memory task: Place the rodent at the starting position, play a medium-frequency sound prompt to start, and make the rodent move at a constant speed on the treadmill for 6 seconds. Play the medium-frequency sound prompt to end, and the rodent leaves the treadmill and enters the arc track. When the rodent stops at the far reward point and waits with its head in hand, play a low-frequency sound prompt to stop at the correct reward position and give the rodent a food reward; if the rodent stops at the near reward point and waits with its head in hand, play a high-frequency sound prompt but no food reward is given, indicating that the rodent has found the wrong reward position; In S2 and S3, while the rodent was moving at a constant speed on the treadmill, a blocking plate was used to prevent the rodent from leaving the treadmill so that the rodent could complete the constant speed movement for a corresponding period of time.

5. The spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feeding control standard is: rodents are only allowed to obtain 20g to 25g of food per day.

6. The spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the rodents performed each step of S1, S2 and S3, they were taken away from the spatiotemporal memory task apparatus and rested for 5 minutes. During the 5 minutes of rest, the surface of the arc track was wiped to remove the scent marks left by the rodents.

7. The spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The speed of the treadmill was set at 12 m / min.

8. The spatiotemporal memory task paradigm method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Between two sessions, the rodents were taken away from the temporal-spatial memory task apparatus to rest for 5 min, and the surface of the arc track was wiped within 5 min to remove the scent marks left by the rodents.

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