Gap structure of air cylinder plasma generator

Abstract

The gap structure of the air cylindrical plasma generator, the cathode and cathode are hollow cylindrical bodies located at the middle and lower ends, and the gap is at the connection between the two electrodes. An air ring column is set at the gap: W oblique air guide holes are set inside; at the same time, W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes are set, and the two are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction. The gap ignites the arc, and realizes the functions of water guide, air guide, positioning, etc., meeting the requirements of the overall design of the cylindrical cathode and cathode. The arc moves on the inner wall of the two cylinders, the heating surface is greatly increased, the temperature of the cylinder wall directly cooled by water is low, the electrode is not easy to burn out, and the ejected arc temperature is as high as 3000 degrees; it meets the requirements of high temperature treatment and long life. The water cooling system is from the upper end water inlet pipe, the cathode spiral water channel, the gap water inlet pipe, the anode spiral water channel, the lower return water tank, and then discharged in the reverse direction through the annular outlet and the outlet pipe. The two spiral water channels and the two cooling heat exchange surfaces are large, and the cooling effect is extremely optimized. The present invention not only solves the problems of expensive inert gas materials, high cost, short structural life and difficult maintenance, but also solves the problem of high temperature treatment with long life, especially the treatment of industrial hazardous wastes.

Description

(I) Technical field:

[0001] The invention discloses an air cylinder plasma generator gap structure, which relates to a plasma generator using air as a medium and belongs to the ion generation and spark gap category (H01T). (II) Background technology:

[0002] The existing non-transferred arc plasma generators basically use inert gas as the working medium (carrier), which has expensive materials, high cost, short structural life and difficult maintenance. People began to turn to the development and research of plasma generators using air as the medium.

[0003] Comparative Document 1 Chinese invention patent (patent number ZL022761748) discloses a <plasma generator with air as the medium>. Although it has a simple structure, convenient maintenance and low cost, it is still a traditional non-transferred arc structure in terms of arc movement structure, that is, the cathode is fixed at the top to generate a fixed arc; there is no improvement in the life of the plasma generator, and the biggest problem is that the scope of application is limited and it cannot be used for high-temperature treatment.

[0004] Comparative Document 2, Chinese Invention Patent (Patent No. ZL2004200604268), also discloses a <Plasma Generator with Air as Medium>, which has simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost and long life, but from the perspective of arc movement structure, it is still a traditional non-transferred arc structure, that is, the cathode is fixed at the top to generate a fixed arc; from the perspective of air medium, it is not a complete air medium but a combination of air and inert gas, without a full air gap. Therefore, the above-mentioned characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost and long life are also limited and local; the biggest problem is that the scope of application is limited, especially in the treatment of high-temperature industrial hazardous wastes.

[0005] Therefore, the development of air plasma generators that can treat high-temperature industrial hazardous wastes has been put on the agenda, and one of the key technologies of air plasma generators that can treat high temperatures is its gap structure. (III) Summary of the invention:

[0006] The air cylinder plasma generator gap structure provided by the present invention solves the gap structure of a long-life plasma generator that uses air as a medium and realizes high-temperature industrial hazardous waste treatment. The gap structure can realize the overall design of the air cylinder plasma generator for the gap's multifunctional requirements such as water conduction, gas conduction, arc transmission, and support.

[0007] The technical solution is as follows:

[0008] The air cylinder plasma generator gap structure includes: a cathode, an anode, and a gap, and is characterized by:

[0009] 1) The cathode 1 is arranged at the center of the axial middle section of the plasma generator, and is a cylindrical body, in which there is a cathode hollow pipe 1.1 for the power supply arc to move; the anode 3 is arranged at the center of the axial lower section and is also a cylindrical body, in which there is also an anode hollow pipe 3.1 for the power supply arc to move; the axial connection between the cathode and the anode is a gap 2. 2) An air ring column 2.3 is arranged at the gap, including: ① The outer surface of the air ring column is provided with a jet ring groove 2.2 connected to the external air intake system 7; ② The center hole 2.1 of the air ring column is connected to the cathode hollow pipe 1.1 and the anode hollow pipe 3.1; ③ W radial oblique air guide holes 2.4 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are arranged in the air ring column; ④ W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are arranged in the air ring column, and the gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4 is connected to the water cooling system 6 of the air cylinder plasma generator.

[0010] The water cooling system 6 and the external air intake system 7 are described in detail in the following specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The formation and structure of the cathode outer spiral water inlet 6.3 and the anode outer spiral water inlet 6.5 in the water cooling system are described in detail in the following specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The cross-section of the anode hollow pipe 3.1 can be a stepped shape with an enlarged inner diameter along the outlet direction.

[0011] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0012] 1) The gap structure of the air cylinder plasma generator ensures that the gap is completely filled with air for plasma formation, thus solving the problems of expensive materials and high cost of the existing inert gas, short structural life and difficult maintenance.

[0013] 2) The cylindrical cathode and anode structure is adopted, the temperature of the cylinder wall directly cooled is low, and the temperature of the plasma arc discharged from the cylindrical body is as high as about 3000 degrees, which can meet the long-life requirements of high-temperature treatment of industrial hazardous waste. Since the cathode is changed from the existing fixed upper end to generate the arc (for example, item 2, item 3 of comparative document 2, item 5 of comparative document 1), the cathode is changed to a cylindrical body located at the center of the middle section, and its cylinder wall is a hollow pipe for the power supply arc to move; the anode is a cylindrical body located at the center of the lower end, and its cylinder wall is also a hollow pipe for the power supply arc to move; the gap is at the connection between the cathode and the cathode. That is, the arc 10 moves on the inner walls of the two cylinders, and the heating surface is greatly increased. The arc moves on the cathode cylinder wall, the heat from the arc root is dispersed, and the electrode is not easily burned. The temperature of the cylinder wall of the anode arc movement is not high, and the temperature of the ejected arc 10A is extremely high. Therefore, the present invention can meet the long-life requirements of high-temperature treatment of industrial hazardous waste.

[0014] 3) The gap structure provided, in addition to the functions of generating arc and separating cathode and anode, also has the functions of water and air conduction, positioning, support, insulation, etc.; and the water and air conduction are independent structures and do not affect each other. Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 There are W radial oblique air guide pipes 2.4 in the air ring cylinder 2.3 at the gap, so that air is evenly pressed into the vertical air guide groove 7.2 and the gap jet ring groove 2.2, and then discharged into the center hole 2.1 to spray air to the arc at the gap. Figure 1 There are W groups of vertical gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4 in the gas ring column; the water falling from the cathode outer spiral water tank 6.3 falls evenly inside it, and is discharged into the lower annular water return tank 6.6 through the even gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4 and the anode outer spiral water tank 6.5. Figure 1 The gas ring column is set at the two ends of the axial cylindrical cathode and anode to position and support the two ends. Therefore, the gap structure with the gas ring column not only produces arc starting and separation of cathode and anode functions, but also has multiple functions such as water guide, air guide, positioning, support, insulation, etc. The water guide and air guide are independent structures and do not affect each other. And the small size and small space occupied meet the overall design requirements of the cylindrical cathode and anode structure.

[0015] 4) Optimized cooling effect: The water cooling system adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is input from the upper vertical water inlet pipe and the upper annular water return groove into the spiral water inlet channel radially close to the cathode, and then flows downward through the gap vertical water inlet pipe, the anode outer spiral water inlet channel, and flows into the lower annular water return groove, and then reverses upward through the radial water outlet channel (i.e., the annular water outlet channel) and the vertical water outlet pipe of the shell flange to be discharged. The inlet water cools the cathode and anode downward, and the return water cools the lower return water isolation cylinder, the vertical air guide groove and the shell upward. The two spiral water inlets and the two cooling heat exchange surfaces are very large, and the cooling effect is extremely optimized. (IV) Description of the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 Front cross-sectional view of the air cylinder plasma generator (ZX plane).

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA cross-sectional view (YX plane). (including cathode)

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The BB cross-sectional view (YX plane) is a gap structure including the jet ring groove 2.2, the air ring column 2.3, the air ring column center hole 2.1, the vertical gap water inlet pipe 6.4, etc.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 1 CC section view (plane YX). (including anode).

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 1 DD section view (YX plane). (Including insulation seat).

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 1The partial enlarged view W (ZX plane) is a gap structure including the jet ring groove 2.2, the gas ring column 2.3, the center hole 2.1, the vertical gap water inlet pipe 6.4, etc.

[0022] The names of the reference numerals in the above figures are as follows:

[0023] 1-Cathode: 1.1-Cathode hollow pipe. 2-Gap; 2.1-Center hole, 2.2-Jet ring groove, 2.3-Air ring column, 2.4-Radial oblique air guide hole. 3-Anode, 3.1-Anode hollow pipe. 4-Shell. 5-Insulation seat. 6-Water cooling system: 6.1-Vertical water inlet pipe, 6.2-Upper annular return water groove, 6.3-Cathode outer spiral water inlet (6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.34 are four spiral water channels wound in parallel), 6.4-Gap vertical water inlet pipe, 6.5-Anode outer spiral water inlet (6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 are four spiral water channels wound in parallel), 6.5A-Lower return water isolation tube, 6.6-Lower annular return water groove, 6.7-Long cylindrical water outlet, 6.8-Vertical water outlet pipe. 7-External air intake system: 7.1-Vertical air intake pipe, 7.2-Vertical air guide groove, 7.3-Air-water separator. 8-Air intake end cover; 8.1-Air intake ring groove of end cover. 9-Water outlet flange; 9.1-Radial water outlet channel of shell flange. 10-Cylinder arc 10A-Outlet arc. 11-Adjusting nut. 12-Fix nut. (V) Specific implementation methods:

[0024] The gap structure of the air cylinder plasma generator of this embodiment is composed as follows:

[0025] 1) Cylindrical electrode and axial arrangement:

[0026] See Figure 1 The cathode 1 is located at the center of the axial middle section and is a cylindrical body, in which there is a cathode hollow pipe 1.1 where the power arc 10 moves. The anode 3 is located at the center of the lower end and is also a cylindrical body, in which there is an anode hollow pipe 3.1 where the power arc moves. The diameter of the center hole of the anode hollow pipe 3.1 toward the outlet is a two-stage enlarged step shape. The gap 2 is located at the axial connection between the cathode and the anode. Figure 1 In the water cooling system 6, the vertical water inlet pipe 6.1 and the vertical water outlet pipe 6.8 are arranged at the upper end; in the external air intake system 7, the vertical air intake pipe 7.1 is arranged at the upper end, and the insulating seat 5 is arranged at the center position of the upper end.

[0027] 2) Gap structure:

[0028] See Figure 1 , Figure 6, a gas ring column 2.3 is provided in the gap 2 as follows: ① The outer surface is provided with a gas injection ring groove 2.2 connected to the vertical gas guide groove 7.2. ② The center hole 2.1 is axially connected to the cathode hollow pipe 1.1 and the anode hollow pipe 3.1. ③ See Figure 3 , Figure 6 , W radial oblique air-guiding holes 2.4 are arranged in the air ring column 2.3. In this embodiment, W is set to 5, and there are five radial oblique air-guiding holes 2.4, which guide air from the jet ring groove 2.2 into the central hole 2.1. The five radial oblique air-guiding holes 2.4 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. ④ Figure 3 , W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4 are arranged in the air ring column; in this embodiment, W is taken as five groups, and the five groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4 are evenly distributed along the circumference, and the five groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4 and the five radial oblique air guide holes 2.4 are arranged at intervals. Each group has four gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4, and a total of 20. Figure 1 The water falling from the cathode outer spiral water trough 6.3 falls into 20 pipes and is discharged into the anode outer spiral water inlet channel 6.5 through the outlet ring groove of the gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4, and then falls and is discharged into the lower ring return water trough 6.6.

[0029] 3) The water cooling system 6 and the external air intake system 7 of this embodiment:

[0030] See Figure 1 The water cooling system includes a vertical water inlet pipe 6.1 for downward water flow, an upper annular return water trough 6.2, a cathode outer spiral water inlet 6.3, a gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4, an anode outer spiral water inlet 6.5, and a lower annular return water trough 6.6, which are connected in sequence from top to bottom; after the water flows in reverse, a long cylindrical water outlet 6.7, a shell flange radial water outlet 9.1, and a vertical water outlet pipe 6.8 are connected in sequence from bottom to top. The cold water mainly cools the cathode and anode from top to bottom through the water cooling system, and after the water flows in reverse from the lower annular return water trough 6.6, it mainly cools the lower return water isolation tube 6.5A, the vertical air guide groove 7.2 and the shell 4 from bottom to top.

[0031] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 The cathode outer spiral water inlet 6.3 is formed by opening an axial thread on the outer surface of the cathode 1. Figure 2 The cathode spiral water inlet channel is on the same horizontal circular surface and has N tooth grooves evenly distributed circumferentially. In this embodiment, N is taken as 4, corresponding to four spiral water channels 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, and 6.34 wound in parallel in the axial direction, and four upper water inlets are evenly distributed circumferentially on the upper port; four lower water outlets are evenly distributed circumferentially on the lower ports of the four spiral water channels.

[0032] See Figure 1 , Figure 4 The anode outer spiral water inlet 6.5 is formed by opening an axial thread on the outer surface of the anode 3. Figure 4The anode spiral water inlet has 4 tooth grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same horizontal circular surface, corresponding to the four spiral water channels 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, and 6.54 wound in parallel in the axial direction, and the upper port has 4 upper water inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the lower ports of the 4 spiral water channels have 4 lower water outlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0033] See Figure 1 A lower annular return water groove 6.6 is opened at the inner lower part of the anode 3 in the radial direction, and a lower return water baffle 6.5A is provided. After the water discharged from the four anode external spiral water channels falls into the lower annular return water groove 6.6, the water is reversed from bottom to top through the long cylindrical outlet channel 6.7, the radial outlet channel 9.1 of the shell flange, and the vertical outlet pipe 6.8 to be discharged to the external pump circulating water pipeline.

[0034] See Figure 1 The external air intake system 7 includes a vertical intake pipe 7.1, an end cover intake ring groove 8.1, and a vertical air guide groove 7.2 connected in sequence from top to bottom. The air is introduced into the jet ring groove 2.2 in the gap structure from top to bottom through the intake system, and the air is sprayed into the gap. With the air as a carrier, an arc 10 is generated in the gap and the cathode and cathode cylinders, and moves downward along the cylinder wall. The cylinder wall temperature is not high, but the center and outlet arc 10A temperature is very high.

[0035] See Figure 1 ,See Figure 2 The cylindrical vertical air guide groove 7.2 is set outside the spiral arc surface 6.3A of the outer surface of the cathode spiral water inlet channel 6.3, and the set air-water separator 7.3, the long cylindrical water outlet channel 6.7, and the shell 4 are sequentially arranged radially outside the vertical air guide groove 7.2 to form a compact structure of radially staggered arrangement of the water-cooled air intake system.

[0036] 4) Insulation seat 5: see Figure 1 , Figure 5 ,

[0037] The central hole of the insulating seat 5 is a vertical water inlet pipe 6.1, and the lower part of the insulating seat is connected to the cathode spiral water inlet channel 6.3 through the upper annular water return groove 6.2. The upper part of the insulating seat is provided with an air inlet end cover 8, a water outlet flange 9, an adjustment nut 11 and a fixing nut 12 for adjustment and fixing. The outer periphery of the insulating seat is provided with a vertical air guide groove 7.2, and radially outwardly arranged air-water separation cylinders 7.3, a long cylindrical water outlet channel 6.7 and a housing 4. Thus, the upper insulating seat assembly realizes the functions of cold water pressure in, water return extraction, air introduction, installation adjustment and fixing, etc.

Claims

1. An air cylinder plasma generator gap structure, comprising: a cathode, an anode, and a gap, characterized in that: 1) The cathode (1) is arranged at the center of the axial middle section of the plasma generator and is a cylindrical body, in which a cathode hollow pipe (1.1) is provided for the power arc to move; the anode (3) is arranged at the center of the axial lower section and is also a cylindrical body, in which a anode hollow pipe (3.1) is provided for the power arc to move; the axial connection between the cathode and the anode is a gap (2); 2) An air ring column (2.3) is provided at the gap, comprising: ① an air jet ring groove (2.2) connected to an external air intake system (7) is provided on the outer surface of the air ring column; ② a central hole (2.1) of the air ring column is connected to a cathode hollow pipe (1.1) and an anode hollow pipe (3.1); ③ W radial oblique air guide holes (2.4) are evenly distributed along the circumference are provided in the air ring column; ④ W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes (6.4) are evenly distributed along the circumference are provided in the air ring column, and the gap vertical water inlet pipes are connected to a water cooling system (6) of the air cylinder plasma generator.

2. The air cylinder plasma generator gap structure according to claim 1, characterized in that : The water cooling system (6) comprises: a vertical water inlet pipe (6.1) for water to flow downward, an upper annular water return groove (6.2), a cathode outer spiral water inlet (6.3), a gap vertical water inlet pipe (6.4), an anode outer spiral water inlet (6.5), and a lower annular water return groove (6.6) connected in sequence from top to bottom; and a long cylindrical water outlet (6.7) for water to flow upward, a housing flange radial water outlet (9.1), and a vertical water outlet pipe (6.8) connected in sequence from bottom to top; The air intake system (7) comprises: a vertical air intake pipe (7.1), an air intake ring groove (8.1) on the end cover, and a vertical air guide groove (7.2) connected in sequence from top to bottom; the lower end of the vertical air guide groove is connected to the air injection ring groove (2.2) at the gap.

3. The air cylinder plasma generator gap structure according to claim 2, characterized in that : The cathode external spiral water inlet (6.3) is formed by opening an axial thread on the outer surface of the cathode (1); the spiral water inlet has N tooth grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same horizontal circular surface, corresponding to N spiral water channels (6.31, 6.32 ... 6.3N) arranged in parallel in the axial direction, and the upper port has N upper water inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the lower port has N lower water outlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the anode external spiral water inlet (6.5) has the same formation and structure as the cathode external spiral water inlet (6.3).

4. The air cylinder plasma generator gap structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the anode hollow pipe (3.1) is a stepped shape with the inner diameter enlarged along the outlet direction.

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