Gas mixing distributor and fixed bed reactor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a gas mixing distributor and a fixed bed reactor, belonging to the technical field of chemical catalytic reactions. The gas mixing distributor comprises: an annular gas distribution pipe, a first drainage pipe, a second drainage piece, and a mixing drainage piece; the annular gas distribution pipe is horizontally arranged, and a plurality of first gas distribution holes are opened on the wall; the lower end of the first drainage pipe is connected with the annular gas distribution pipe; the second drainage piece is coaxially arranged below the annular gas distribution pipe, and the inner diameter of the upper end is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe, and the second drainage piece is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder of the fixed bed reactor and is connected with the air inlet; the mixing drainage piece is coaxially arranged above the annular gas distribution pipe, and the inner diameter of the lower end of the mixing drainage piece is larger than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe, and a plurality of second gas distribution holes are evenly opened on the wall, and the mixing drainage piece is fixed on the top wall of the fixed bed reactor. The gas mixing distributor has a good effect of mixing gas, and solves the problems of low utilization efficiency of synthetic gas and low conversion rate of catalyst bed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical catalytic reactions, and in particular to a gas mixing distributor and a fixed bed reactor. Background Art

[0002] Fixed bed reactors are used in many processes such as oil refining, petrochemicals, and coal chemical industry. The fixed reactor is filled with granular fixed catalysts or fixed reactants that form a stacked bed, and chemical reactions can occur when the fluid passes through the bed. Taking the synthetic ammonia process as an example, the uniformity of the mixing of the cold shock gas and the synthesis gas will affect the heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical reactions in the bed. The uneven distribution of the mixed gas will lead to uneven temperature distribution, thereby reducing the efficiency of the catalytic reaction. By setting a gas mixing distributor in the fixed bed reactor, the mixed gas can be evenly distributed, thereby improving the efficiency of the catalytic reaction.

[0003] The related technology provides a fixed bed reactor, which includes: a shell, a tubular distributor inserted into and fixed on the shell, and a catalyst bed. An air inlet is arranged on the bottom wall of the shell, and a catalyst bed is arranged around the air inlet. Air distribution holes are arranged on the wall of the tubular distributor. During operation, cold shock gas is introduced into the tubular distributor, and synthetic gas is introduced into the air inlet of the shell, so that the cold shock gas after the air distribution of the tubular distributor is mixed with the synthetic gas, and then a chemical reaction occurs under the action of the catalyst in the catalyst bed.

[0004] The inventors found that the related technology has at least the following problems:

[0005] The fixed bed reactor provided by the related art has poor effect of uniformly mixing the cold shock gas and the synthesis gas. In addition, the space occupied by the tubular distributor where the cold shock gas is ejected is small, resulting in a fast mixing speed of the cold shock gas and the synthesis gas in this space and a low temperature, while the mixing in other spaces is uneven and the temperature is high. The high-temperature gas easily flows toward the low-temperature gas, which easily forms a negative pressure at the outlet of the tubular distributor, causing the local flow rate of the synthesis gas to be too fast, further affecting the uniformity of the distribution of the mixed gas, affecting the catalytic efficiency and utilization rate of the catalyst in the catalyst bed, and affecting the efficiency of ammonia synthesis. Summary of the invention

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a gas mixing distributor and a fixed bed reactor, which can solve the problems existing in the related technology. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas mixing distributor, the gas mixing distributor comprising: an annular gas distribution pipe, a first drainage pipe, a second drainage piece, and a mixing drainage piece;

[0008] The annular air distribution pipe is arranged horizontally, and a plurality of first air distribution holes are opened on the wall;

[0009] The lower end of the first drainage pipe is connected to the annular air distribution pipe;

[0010] The second flow guide is coaxially arranged below the annular gas distribution pipe, the inner diameter of the upper end of which is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe, and the second flow guide is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder of the fixed bed reactor;

[0011] The mixing and guiding member is coaxially arranged above the annular gas distribution pipe, and the inner diameter of the lower end of the mixing and guiding member is larger than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe, and a plurality of second gas distribution holes are evenly opened on the wall, and the mixing and guiding member is fixed on the inner top wall of the fixed bed reactor;

[0012] The mixing and guiding member is in a conical cylindrical structure, an inverted conical cylindrical structure, or a cylindrical structure.

[0013] In a possible design, the opening of the first air distribution hole faces the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution pipe.

[0014] In a possible design, a plurality of third air distribution holes are formed on the wall of the first drainage tube, and the openings of the third air distribution holes are away from the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution tube.

[0015] In a possible design, the first drainage pipe is vertically connected to the annular air distribution pipe, and the first drainage pipe is sleeved in the mixing drainage component.

[0016] In a possible design, the second flow guiding member is in a conical cylindrical structure.

[0017] In a possible design, the mixing and guiding member is in the form of a conical cylinder, an inverted conical cylinder, or a cylinder.

[0018] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fixed bed reactor, the fixed bed reactor comprising: any one of the above-mentioned gas mixing distributors, an outer shell, a catalyst bed, and an inner cylinder;

[0019] The inner cylinder is sleeved in the outer shell, and the catalyst bed is arranged in an annular cavity formed between the inner cylinder and the outer shell;

[0020] The second flow guide member of the gas mixing distributor is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder;

[0021] The first drainage pipe of the gas mixing distributor penetrates into and is fixed on the wall of the shell;

[0022] The mixing and guiding member of the gas mixing distributor is arranged on the inner top wall of the shell.

[0023] In a possible design, the first drainage tube and the mixing drainage member are both welded to the housing;

[0024] The second flow guiding member is connected to the inner cylinder by welding.

[0025] In a possible design, the first drainage tube and the mixing drainage member are both detachably connected to the housing;

[0026] The second flow guiding member is detachably connected to the inner cylinder.

[0027] In a possible design, an annular cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner cylinder;

[0028] The catalyst bed is in a cylindrical structure that matches the annular cavity.

[0029] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The gas mixing distributor and fixed bed reactor provided by the embodiment of the present invention are convenient for evenly distributing the first gas (cold shock gas) introduced by the first drainage pipe through the annular gas distribution pipe by setting an annular gas distribution pipe, a first drainage pipe, and a second drainage piece, so as to evenly mix the first gas (synthesis gas) introduced by the second drainage piece to the top of the annular gas distribution pipe. By setting a mixing drainage piece, it is convenient to evenly mix the mixed gas of the first gas and the second gas again, and then evenly drain it to the plane of the catalyst bed in the fixed bed reactor by the second gas distribution hole to carry out chemical reaction. The gas mixing distributor has a good effect of mixing gas, solves the problem of low utilization efficiency of synthesis gas caused by uneven distribution of mixed gas in the catalyst bed, and solves the problem of low conversion rate of catalyst bed caused by uneven temperature distribution. In addition, the annular gas distribution pipe evenly mixes the first gas and the second gas, reduces the temperature difference, reduces the generation of local negative pressure, accelerates the uniform mixing of the first gas and the second gas, and the mixed gas is mixed again in the mixing drainage piece, which will not affect the uniformity of the distribution of the mixed gas. The gas mixing distributor has good applicability in fixed bed reactors of different sizes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas mixing distributor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fixed bed reactor provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Wherein, the reference numerals represent respectively:

[0035] 1-annular air distribution pipe, 101-first air distribution hole,

[0036] 2-first drainage pipe, 201-third air distribution hole,

[0037] 3- The second drainage member,

[0038] 4-mixing guide, 401-second air distribution hole,

[0039] 5- Shell,

[0040] 6- Catalyst bed,

[0041] 7-Inner cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in the embodiments of the present invention have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas mixing distributor, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, the gas mixing distributor includes: an annular gas distribution pipe 1, a first drainage pipe 2, a second drainage piece 3, and a mixing drainage piece 4. Among them, the annular gas distribution pipe 1 is horizontally arranged, and a plurality of first gas distribution holes 101 are opened on the wall; the lower end of the first drainage pipe 2 is connected to the annular gas distribution pipe 1; the second drainage piece 3 is coaxially arranged below the annular gas distribution pipe 1, and the inner diameter of the upper end is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe 1, and the second drainage piece 3 is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the inner tube 7 of the fixed bed reactor; the mixing drainage piece 4 is coaxially arranged above the annular gas distribution pipe 1, and the inner diameter of the lower end of the mixing drainage piece 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe 1, and a plurality of second gas distribution holes 401 are evenly opened on the wall, and the mixing drainage piece 4 is fixed on the inner top wall of the fixed bed reactor. The mixing drainage piece 4 is a conical cylindrical structure, an inverted conical cylindrical structure, or a cylindrical structure.

[0044] It can be understood that, since the annular air distribution duct 1 is arranged horizontally, the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution duct 1 is the vertical direction.

[0045] The second flow guide member 3 is coaxially arranged below the annular gas distribution pipe 1, which means that the axis of the second flow guide member 3 is coaxial with the axis of the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1, and the second flow guide member 3 is arranged vertically. In addition, the distance between the upper end of the second flow guide member 3 and the annular gas distribution pipe 1 is small, so as to ensure that the second gas flowing out of the second flow guide member 3 can flow through the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 as much as possible.

[0046] The outer diameter of the annular air distribution pipe 1 refers to the maximum diameter of the annular air distribution pipe 1 . The inner diameter refers to the diameter of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution pipe 1 .

[0047] The working principle of the gas mixing distributor provided in the embodiment of the present invention is described below:

[0048] Taking the example that the first gas (e.g., cold shock gas) and the second gas (synthesis gas) are respectively inputted from the first drainage pipe 2 and the second drainage piece 3, the first gas enters the annular gas distribution pipe 1 through the first drainage pipe 2, and is discharged through the multiple first gas distribution holes 101 on the annular gas distribution pipe 1. At the same time, the second gas flows out from the upper end of the second drainage piece 3. Since the inner diameter of the upper end of the second drainage piece 3 is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe 1, the second gas flows upward from the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 and mixes with the first gas. The mixed gas flows upward under the action of gas pressure, and after being mixed by the mixing drainage piece 4, it flows out from the multiple second gas distribution holes 401 on the wall of the mixing drainage piece 4 to react evenly in the fixed bed reactor.

[0049] It should be noted that in the ammonia synthesis process, the cold shock gas is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen at a relatively low temperature, and the synthesis gas is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen at a relatively high temperature.

[0050] The gas mixing distributor provided in the embodiment of the present invention is convenient for evenly distributing the first gas (cold shock gas) introduced by the first drainage pipe 2 through the annular gas distribution pipe 1 by setting the annular gas distribution pipe 1, the first drainage pipe 2, and the second drainage piece 3, so as to evenly mix with the second gas (synthesis gas) introduced by the second drainage piece 3 above the annular gas distribution pipe 1. By setting the mixing and drainage piece 4, it is convenient to evenly mix the mixed gas of the first gas and the second gas again, and then evenly drain it to the plane of the fixed bed catalyst bed 6 by the second gas distribution hole 401 to carry out chemical reaction. The gas mixing distributor has a good effect of mixing gas, solves the problem of low utilization efficiency of synthesis gas caused by uneven distribution of mixed gas in the catalyst bed, and solves the problem of reduced conversion rate of the catalyst bed caused by uneven temperature distribution. In addition, the annular gas distribution pipe 1 evenly mixes the first gas and the second gas, reduces the temperature difference, reduces the generation of local negative pressure, accelerates the uniform mixing of the first gas and the second gas, and the mixed gas is mixed again in the mixing and drainage piece 4, which will not affect the uniformity of the distribution of the mixed gas. The gas mixing distributor has good applicability in fixed bed reactors of different sizes.

[0051] In addition, the gas mixing distributor provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to set up.

[0052] In order to make the first gas and the second gas mix more evenly, the opening of the first gas distribution hole 101 can be oriented toward the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 .

[0053] After passing through the second guide piece 3, the second gas flows upward through the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 under the action of gas pressure, and the opening of the first gas distribution hole 101 is toward the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1. Therefore, the first gas can flow toward the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 to mix with the second gas in the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 and above it, which is conducive to uniform mixing of the first gas and the second gas.

[0054] Furthermore, a plurality of third air distribution holes 201 are formed on the wall of the first drainage pipe 2 , and the openings of the third air distribution holes 201 are away from the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution pipe 1 .

[0055] It can be understood that the third air distribution hole 201 is located on the first air distribution pipe 2 between the second air guide member 4 and the annular air distribution pipe 1 .

[0056] When the first gas flows through the first drainage pipe 2, a part of it flows out from the third air distribution holes 201 on the first drainage pipe 2 to the upper outer side of the annular air distribution pipe 1, and the other part enters the annular air distribution pipe 1 from the first drainage pipe 2 and flows out from the multiple first air distribution holes 101 on the annular air distribution pipe 1. At the same time, the second gas flows into the middle inner cavity of the annular air distribution pipe 1 from the second drainage member 3 and mixes with the first gas. Under the action of air pressure, it enters the mixing drainage member 4 and flows out from the second air distribution holes 401, and then flows downward under the restriction of the outer shell 5 to mix with the first gas flowing out from the third air distribution holes 201.

[0057] Since it is difficult to set the first air distribution hole 101 or no first air distribution hole 101 is set at the connection between the first drainage pipe 2 and the annular air distribution pipe 1, the third air distribution hole 201 is set to supplement the amount of the first gas (cold shock gas) that is not ejected from the annular air distribution pipe 1 at this location, which is conducive to obtaining a uniform mixed gas.

[0058] In addition, the openings of the third air distribution holes 201 may also be oriented toward the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution pipe 1 .

[0059] The first drainage pipe 2 is vertically connected to the annular air distribution pipe 1 , and the first drainage pipe 2 is sleeved in the mixing drainage component 4 .

[0060] Such an arrangement is conducive to adjusting the gas pressure of the first gas entering the annular gas distribution pipe 1 , so as to facilitate uniform gas distribution in the annular gas distribution pipe 1 .

[0061] It should be noted that the first drainage pipe 2 is vertically arranged to be vertically connected with the annular air distribution pipe 1 .

[0062] The first drainage pipe 2 and the annular air distribution pipe 1 may be connected by welding to ensure a good connection strength between the two.

[0063] Alternatively, the first drainage pipe 2 and the annular air distribution pipe 1 may be connected by bonding, which has good connection strength and is convenient for installation.

[0064] Alternatively, the first drainage pipe 2 and the annular air distribution pipe 1 may be detachably connected to facilitate assembly and disassembly of the two.

[0065] When the first drainage pipe 2 is detachably connected to the annular air distribution pipe 1, an annular clamping groove may be provided on the outer wall of the first drainage pipe 2, and an annular clamping portion adapted to the annular clamping groove is provided on the wall of the annular air distribution pipe 1, and the annular clamping portion is connected to the inner cavity of the annular air distribution pipe 1. The communication between the first drainage pipe 2 and the annular air distribution pipe 1 is achieved by clamping the annular clamping portion in the annular clamping groove.

[0066] Considering that the first drainage tube 2 can be connected to gas providing devices at different heights, that is, it is convenient to input the gas in the gas providing device into the first drainage tube 2, the height of the first drainage tube 2 is adjustable.

[0067] Specifically, the first drainage tube 2 may include a plurality of mutually nested sub-drainage tubes. The height of the first drainage tube 2 is adjusted by controlling the nested heights of the plurality of sub-drainage tubes. Furthermore, the plurality of sub-drainage tubes are fixed to each other by friction.

[0068] Taking the example that the first drainage tube 2 includes two mutually nested sub-drainage tubes, when the mutually nested portions between the two sub-drainage tubes are more, the height of the first drainage tube 2 is lower. When the mutually nested portions between the two sub-drainage tubes are smaller, the height of the first drainage tube 2 is higher.

[0069] Considering that the second gas can easily enter the inner cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 under the action of gas pressure, it will not slip out from the gap between the annular gas distribution pipe 1 and the inner tube 7 to form a short circuit. Figure 1 As shown, the second flow guiding member 3 may be a conical cylindrical structure.

[0070] The conical cylindrical structure, that is, the inner diameter of the second flow guiding member 3 gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0071] The wall thickness of the second flow guiding member 3 can remain unchanged.

[0072] The structure of the mixing and guiding member 4 can be set to various types. Based on the premise of simple structure and easy implementation, the mixing and guiding member 4 can be a conical cylindrical structure, an inverted conical cylindrical structure, or a cylindrical structure.

[0073] It should be noted that the inverted conical cylindrical structure is a cylindrical structure whose inner diameter gradually decreases from top to bottom. The cylindrical structure means that the inner diameter of the mixing and guiding member 4 remains unchanged. The wall thickness of the mixing and guiding member 4 can remain unchanged.

[0074] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fixed bed reactor, as shown in the attached Figure 2 As shown, the fixed bed reactor comprises: any one of the gas mixing distributors mentioned above, an outer shell 5, a catalyst bed 6, and an inner cylinder 7. The inner cylinder 7 is sleeved in the outer shell 5, and the catalyst bed 6 is arranged in the annular cavity formed between the inner cylinder 7 and the outer shell 5; the second flow guide 3 of the gas mixing distributor is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder 7; the first flow guide pipe 2 of the gas mixing distributor penetrates and is fixed on the wall of the outer shell 5; and the mixing flow guide 4 of the gas mixing distributor is arranged on the inner top wall of the outer shell 5.

[0075] It can be understood that the inner cylinder 7 is the air inlet of the fixed bed reactor.

[0076] The working principle of the fixed bed reactor provided in the embodiment of the present invention is described below:

[0077] Taking the example that the first gas (e.g., cold shock gas) and the second gas (synthesis gas) are respectively inputted from the first drainage pipe 2 and the second drainage piece 3, the first gas enters the annular gas distribution pipe 1 through the first drainage pipe 2, and flows out through the multiple first gas distribution holes 101 on the annular gas distribution pipe 1. At the same time, the second gas is introduced into the second drainage piece 3 by the inner tube 7, and flows out from the upper end of the second drainage piece 3. Since the inner diameter of the upper end of the second drainage piece 3 is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe 1, the second gas flows upward through the middle cavity of the annular gas distribution pipe 1 and mixes with the first gas. The mixed gas flows upward under the action of gas pressure, and after being mixed by the mixing drainage piece 4, it flows out from the multiple second gas distribution holes 401 on the wall of the mixing drainage piece 4. Due to the restriction of the outer shell 5 and the action of gas pressure, the mixed gas flows downward along the side wall of the outer shell 5 until it flows to the catalyst bed 6 for chemical reaction.

[0078] The fixed bed reactor provided in the embodiment of the present invention is convenient for evenly distributing the first gas introduced by the first drainage pipe 2 through the annular gas distribution pipe 1 by setting the annular gas distribution pipe 1, the first drainage pipe 2, and the second drainage piece 3 in the gas mixing distributor, so as to evenly mix the second gas introduced by the second drainage piece 3 above the annular gas distribution pipe 1. By setting the mixing drainage piece 4, it is convenient to introduce the mixed gas of the first gas and the second gas to mix evenly again, and then evenly drain it into the fixed bed reactor through the second gas distribution hole 401 to carry out chemical reaction. The fixed bed reactor has a good effect of mixing gas, solves the problem of low utilization efficiency of synthetic gas caused by uneven distribution of mixed gas in the catalyst bed 6, and solves the problem of low conversion rate of the catalyst bed 6 caused by uneven temperature distribution. In addition, the annular gas distribution pipe 1 makes the first gas and the second gas evenly mixed, reduces the temperature difference, reduces the generation of local negative pressure, accelerates the uniform mixing of the first gas and the second gas, and the mixed gas is mixed again in the mixing drainage piece 4, which will not affect the uniformity of the distribution of the mixed gas.

[0079] In addition, the fixed bed reactor has the characteristics of simple structure and easy manufacturing, which is convenient for large-scale production.

[0080] The structure of the inner tube 7 is similar to that of a heat exchanger, and a plurality of channels are arranged inside the inner tube 7 to facilitate uniformly introducing the second gas (synthesis gas) into the second guide member 3 .

[0081] In order to improve the connection strength between the first drainage tube 2 and the mixing drainage member 4 and the outer shell 5, the first drainage tube 2 and the mixing drainage member 4 can be welded to the outer shell 5. In order to improve the connection strength between the second drainage member 3 and the inner tube 7, the second drainage member 3 is welded to the inner tube 7.

[0082] In order to easily replace the gas mixing distributor, the first flow guide tube 2 and the mixing flow guide member 4 can be detachably connected to the outer shell 5. The second flow guide member 3 is detachably connected to the inner cylinder 7.

[0083] There are many ways of detachable connection. Based on the premise of easy implementation, the following examples are given:

[0084] A first clamping piece may be provided on the outer wall of the first drainage tube 2 , and a first clamping groove may be provided on the inner top wall of the outer shell 5 . The first drainage tube 2 can be fixed to the outer shell 5 by clamping the first clamping piece in the first clamping groove.

[0085] A second clamping piece may be provided on the inner wall of the inner tube 7 , and a second clamping groove may be provided at the lower end of the second flow guiding member 3 . The second flow guiding member 3 may be fixed to the inner tube 7 by clamping the second clamping piece in the second clamping groove.

[0086] A third clamping piece may be provided at the upper end of the mixing and guiding piece 4 , and a third clamping groove may be provided on the inner top wall of the outer shell 5 . The mixing and guiding piece 4 may be fixed to the inner top wall of the outer shell 5 by clamping the third clamping piece in the third clamping groove.

[0087] Among them, the first clamping member, the second clamping member and the third clamping member can all be in block shape, strip shape, etc., and the first clamping groove, the second clamping groove and the third clamping groove are structures adapted to the first clamping member, the second clamping member and the third clamping member respectively.

[0088] As an example, an annular cavity is formed between the outer shell 5 and the inner cylinder 7; the catalyst bed 6 is a cylindrical structure adapted to the annular cavity.

[0089] It can be understood that the outer shell 5 is a cylindrical structure, the inner cylinder 7 is a cylindrical structure, and an annular cavity is formed between the outer shell 5 and the inner cylinder 7 .

[0090] Such an arrangement is conducive to the mixed gas to stably flow downward around the gas mixing distributor so as to uniformly react chemically with the catalyst bed 6 , thereby improving the chemical reaction efficiency and extending the life of the catalyst bed 6 .

[0091] As an example, when synthesizing ammonia, the cold shock gas can be drained through the first drainage pipe 2, and the synthesis gas can be drained through the second drainage member 3, and the catalyst bed 6 can be a catalyst basket.

[0092] When the fixed bed reactor provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the ammonia synthesis process, the cold shock gas and the synthesis gas can be mixed evenly, so that the fluid is evenly distributed in the catalyst bed 6, so that the catalyst in the catalyst bed 6 can exert a better same-plane conversion rate and utilization rate, so that the catalyst is used evenly, the overall life of the catalyst bed 6 is extended, and the effect of the entire catalyst bed 6 is stabilized. In addition, since the cold shock gas and the synthesis gas are mixed evenly, the temperature distribution range of the mixed gas is uniform, and the catalytic effect of the catalyst bed 6 will not be affected by the large temperature difference, so that the catalytic effect is uniform.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas mixing distributor, characterized in that: The gas mixing distributor comprises: an annular gas distribution pipe (1), a first drainage pipe (2), a second drainage piece (3), and a mixing drainage piece (4); The annular air distribution pipe (1) is arranged horizontally, and a plurality of first air distribution holes (101) are opened on the wall; The lower end of the first drainage pipe (2) is in communication with the annular air distribution pipe (1); The second flow guide member (3) is coaxially arranged below the annular gas distribution pipe (1), the inner diameter of the upper end of which is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe (1), and the second flow guide member (3) is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder (7) of the fixed bed reactor; The mixing and guiding member (4) is coaxially arranged above the annular gas distribution pipe (1), and the inner diameter of the lower end of the mixing and guiding member (4) is larger than the outer diameter of the annular gas distribution pipe (1), and a plurality of second gas distribution holes (401) are evenly opened on the wall, and the mixing and guiding member (4) is fixed on the inner top wall of the fixed bed reactor; The mixing and guiding member (4) is in a cylindrical structure.

2. The gas mixing distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening of the first air distribution hole (101) faces the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution pipe (1).

3. The gas mixing distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of third air distribution holes (201) are provided on the wall of the first drainage pipe (2), and the openings of the third air distribution holes (201) are away from the axial direction of the middle cavity of the annular air distribution pipe (1).

4. The gas mixing distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first drainage pipe (2) is vertically connected to the annular air distribution pipe (1), and the first drainage pipe (2) is sleeved in the mixing drainage component (4).

5. The gas mixing distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second flow guiding member (3) is in the form of a conical cylinder.

6. A fixed bed reactor, characterized in that: The fixed bed reactor comprises: the gas mixing distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, an outer shell (5), a catalyst bed (6), and an inner cylinder (7); The inner cylinder (7) is sleeved in the outer shell (5), and the catalyst bed (6) is arranged in an annular cavity formed between the inner cylinder (7) and the outer shell (5); The second flow guide member (3) of the gas mixing distributor is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder (7); The first drainage pipe (2) of the gas mixing distributor penetrates into and is fixed on the wall of the outer shell (5); The mixing and guiding member (4) of the gas mixing distributor is arranged on the inner top wall of the outer shell (5).

7. The fixed bed reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that The first drainage tube (2) and the mixing drainage member (4) are both connected to the outer shell (5) by welding; The second flow guide member (3) is connected to the inner cylinder (7) by welding.

8. The fixed bed reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that The first drainage tube (2) and the mixing drainage member (4) are both detachably connected to the outer shell (5); The second flow guiding member (3) is detachably connected to the inner cylinder (7).

9. The fixed bed reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: An annular cavity is formed between the outer shell (5) and the inner cylinder (7); The catalyst bed (6) is in a cylindrical structure that matches the annular cavity.

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