A high-efficiency gravity valveless filter

Abstract

The present invention discloses a highly efficient gravity valveless filter, comprising a water production chamber, a filter chamber, and a siphon device. The water production chamber and the filter chamber are both cylindrical, a conical bin is provided between the filter chamber and the water production chamber, and a water inlet and a water outlet are formed on the water production chamber; a first buffer layer, a filter layer, a second buffer layer, and a water purification layer are provided in the filter chamber, and a reflux pipe is provided in the filter chamber; the siphon mechanism comprises a siphon water inlet, a siphon water outlet, and a siphon pipe; the siphon destruction mechanism comprises a siphon destruction pipe and a siphon destruction bucket. The present invention has low manufacturing cost. Due to the cylindrical tank body of the present invention, the overall production cost of the cylindrical valveless filter of the same specification of steel gravity valveless filter is about 50% of the overall production cost of the box valveless filter; the present invention is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, the equipment does not require electricity when working, has zero energy consumption, and fully utilizes the water head generated by gravity, water level difference, and siphon principle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of filters, in particular to a gravity valveless filter. Background Art

[0002] Gravity valveless filters are widely used in surface water purification (such as filtration of circulating water for large, medium and small landscape water, artificial rivers and lakes, fountains and waterfalls, etc.); removal of iron and manganese from groundwater; filtration of sidestream water; removal of suspended impurities from industrial wastewater; subsequent filtration of organic wastewater after biochemical treatment and secondary sedimentation tank treatment, as well as filtration of indoor swimming pool water; and subsequent filtration of river water, reservoir water, groundwater, circulating sidestream water after drug addition precipitation or industrial wastewater after biochemical treatment and secondary sedimentation.

[0003] However, most of the filters on the market are box-type gravity-type valveless filters. The side panels of the box-type structure are flat structures with low pressure resistance, so thicker materials are needed to meet the use requirements; the box-type structure has a large welding workload and requires welding on all four sides; the box-type structure is prone to dead corners and bacteria breeding after long-term use. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a gravity valveless filter with high efficiency backwashing which reduces the material cost and manufacturing cost of the gravity valveless filter and improves the filtering and backwashing effects of the gravity valveless filter.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an efficient gravity valveless filter, including a water production chamber, a filter chamber, and a siphon device, wherein the water production chamber and the filter chamber are both cylindrical, the water production chamber is located above the filter chamber, the cylindrical diameter of the water production chamber is larger than the cylindrical diameter of the filter chamber, and the cylindrical arrangement of the water production chamber and the filter chamber has sufficient rigidity, as long as the strength of the tank body is guaranteed, the cylindrical tank body does not have convex deformation. To produce the same specification of gravity valveless filter, the thickness of the cylindrical tank body material only needs 50% of the thickness of the box tank body material, that is, 8mm thick steel plate for the box type and 4mm thick steel plate for the cylindrical type, which can also ensure the normal operation and service life of the gravity valveless filter, thereby greatly reducing the production cost of the gravity valveless filter; at the same time, the box type tank body needs to weld 4 sides and 4 welds, while the cylindrical tank body only needs to weld 1 longitudinal weld, which greatly reduces the production cost of the cylindrical tank body. In summary, the manufacturing cost of a cylindrical gravity valveless filter is about 50% of that of a box-type gravity valveless filter, which can reduce the cost by nearly half: for example, a gravity valveless filter made of stainless steel 304 material that produces 20 tons of water per hour, the box-type gravity valveless filter body requires 8mm thick steel plate, while the cylindrical gravity valveless filter body only requires 4mm thick steel plate. The box-type gravity valveless filter costs RMB 260,000 per set, and the cylindrical gravity valveless filter costs RMB 140,000 per set. A conical bin is provided between the filter chamber and the water production chamber, the bottom of the conical bin is connected to the filter chamber, and the conical convex surface of the conical bin is arranged toward the water production chamber. The arrangement of the conical bin makes the connection structure between the water production chamber and the filter chamber more stable.

[0006] The filter chamber is provided with a first buffer layer, a filter layer, a second buffer layer, and a water purification layer from top to bottom in sequence. The filter chamber is provided with a reflux pipe connecting the water production chamber and the water purification layer, so that the pressure generated by the clean water continuously entering the water purification chamber by gravity drives the clean water to flow upward into the water production chamber through the reflux pipe, and the sewage enters the filter chamber through the first buffer layer. The sewage is filtered by gravity through the filter layer to generate clean water that enters the second buffer layer and the water purification layer. The clean water continuously entering the water purification layer generates pressure in the water purification layer, driving the clean water to enter the water production chamber through the reflux pipe, and finally discharged from the water outlet. The water level at the water outlet remains unchanged during the operation of the water purification process; the volume of the filter material in the filter chamber accounts for 40%-60% of the volume of the filter layer, and the water flow velocity driven by the siphon effect has a large impact on the filter material in the filter layer, so that the volume occupied by the filter material will be impacted and expand by 50% during the backwashing process. Expansion space for the filter material is reserved in the filter chamber to prevent the filter material from entering the first buffer layer;

[0007] The siphon device includes a siphon mechanism and a siphon destruction mechanism. The siphon mechanism includes a siphon water inlet, a siphon water outlet and a siphon pipe for connecting the siphon water inlet and the siphon water outlet. The siphon water inlet is arranged in the conical bin, and the siphon water outlet is arranged outside the water production chamber. The height of the siphon water outlet is lower than the height of the siphon water inlet. The water level of the incoming water decreases with filtration, resulting in a head loss in the filter chamber. The pressure increases, causing the water level in the filter chamber to continuously rise and overflow into the conical bin, thereby entering the siphon water inlet. When the water level rises to the top of the siphon pipe, the siphon mechanism opens. The siphon is started, so that the clean water in the water production chamber returns to the clean water layer through the reflux pipe, and the filter layer is automatically backwashed from bottom to top in the filter chamber, and the waste water after flushing is discharged from the filter through the siphon pipe; the siphon breaking mechanism includes a siphon breaking pipe and a siphon breaking bucket, the siphon breaking bucket is arranged at the bottom of the water production chamber, the siphon breaking pipe connects the siphon breaking bucket and the highest point of the siphon pipe, as the backwashing continues, the water level in the water production chamber continues to drop, and drops to below the siphon breaking bucket, the pressure in the siphon breaking mechanism is lost to destroy the siphon work of the siphon mechanism, and the backwashing is completed;

[0008] The water production chamber is formed with a water inlet and a water outlet, so that the sewage flows into the gravity valveless filter from the water inlet by gravity and flows out from the water outlet after filtration. The water inlet is connected with the siphon pipe to allow the sewage to enter the filter chamber through the siphon into the water inlet. Sewage gravity refers to industrial or domestic sewage flowing into the water inlet by gravity after biochemical precipitation in the early stage. Sewage gravity must have a certain head, that is, a certain pressure at a height of 5 to 6 meters to drive the sewage into the filter through the water inlet. If it is underground sewage treatment, a pump is required to lift it.

[0009] Preferably, an annular filter layer for filtering impurities during backwashing is provided in the filter chamber, and the annular filter layer is provided in the side wall of the annular filter layer. The annular filter layer is connected to the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer by a through groove consistent with the backwashing water flow direction. There are multiple through grooves, and a one-way door that is only opened during backwashing is provided on the through groove. A filter screen is provided between the annular filter layer and the clean water layer to allow the clean water in the annular filter layer to return to the clean water layer. When the filter is backwashing, the clean water flushes the filter layer from bottom to top, and water with a certain flow rate enters the barrel tank consistent with the water flow direction to flush open the one-way door, flushing impurities in the filter layer, the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer into the annular filter layer, and the impurities are precipitated at the bottom of the annular filter layer. The clean water returns to the clean water layer through the filter screen and re-participates in the backwashing work, which significantly improves the efficiency of backwashing to remove impurities.

[0010] Preferably, the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer are respectively detachably connected with a first fan blade and a second fan blade, and the blades of the first fan blade and the second fan blade are inclined to form force-bearing surfaces on both sides so that water flow impacts the force-bearing surfaces to drive the first fan blade and the second fan blade to rotate. When filtering or backwashing is carried out in the filter chamber, an upward water flow is generated in the filter chamber to drive the first fan blade and the second fan blade to rotate, so that a rotating water flow in a certain direction is generated in the filter chamber, which increases the flow path of the water flow, thereby improving the backwashing effect of the sewage. At the same time, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the first fan blade and the second fan blade more fully and efficiently flushes impurities into the annular filter layer during backwashing. The blades of the first fan blade are each provided with a stirring rod inserted downward into the filter material, and the stirring rod and the blades on the first fan blade are axially symmetrically arranged so that the first fan blade drives the stirring rod to stir the filter material, and the stirring rod inserted into the filter material is driven by the first fan blade to stir the expanded filter material to make the backwashing more sufficient.

[0011] Preferably, the through slot is curved, and the curvature direction of the through slot is consistent with the rotation direction of the water flow during backwashing, so that the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the first fan blade and the second fan blade during backwashing drives the water flow to rush into the through slot, the one-way door is hinged to the inner wall of the annular filter layer and the hinge point is located above the notch of the through slot, the door frame of the one-way door is larger than the notch of the through slot so that the one-way door is only opened toward the annular filter layer under the pressure of the water flow during backwashing, the through slot is matched with the rotation direction of the first fan blade and the second fan blade during backwashing, so that the direction of the through slot is consistent with the centrifugal force direction of the water flow, which greatly improves the efficiency of the clean water with impurities to flush the one-way door through the through slot, and the impurities enter the annular filter layer; in addition, when the filter is in sewage purification work, the rotation direction of the first fan blade and the second fan blade is opposite to the direction of the through slot, and pressure is generated on the one-way door toward the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer to ensure the closure of the one-way door, and the sewage will not enter the annular filter layer through the one-way door, thereby directly entering the clean water layer to pollute the clean water after filtration.

[0012] Preferably, a valve is hinged on the filter, and the valve is located in the clean water layer. An adsorption block for cleaning the filter is provided on the side of the valve facing the filter. The adsorption blocks are provided in plurality and are adapted to the grid on the filter so that when the valve is closed, the adsorption block is driven to be stuck in the grid. The valve serves to isolate the annular filter layer from the clean water layer. During backwashing, the clean water in the annular filter layer flushes open the valve and enters the clean water layer. After backwashing is completed, the one-way door is closed, the water head in the annular filter layer is reduced, and the valve is closed. When closed, the adsorption block is driven to be stuck in the grid on the filter, penetrating the blocked grid, thereby cleaning the filter grid.

[0013] Preferably, a sewage outlet for discharging sewage and impurities is provided at the bottom of the filter chamber, and the sewage outlet facilitates the staff to regularly clean the sewage and impurities in the filter chamber.

[0014] Preferably, one layer of the first buffer layer and one layer of the filter layer form a group of filter parts, and the filter parts are provided with multiple groups. The provision of multiple groups of filter parts greatly improves the efficiency of sewage filtration and the quality of generated clean water.

[0015] Preferably, filter caps for filtering solid impurities are evenly distributed on the connecting surface between the water purification layer and the second buffer layer. The filter caps are located in the second buffer layer. The filter caps prevent some solid impurities remaining after filtration from entering the water purification layer to ensure that purified water with higher water quality is obtained.

[0016] Preferably, the gravity-type valveless filter is provided with an escalator outside, and the water production chamber and the filter chamber are provided with manholes for staff maintenance. After the gravity-type valveless filter has been used for a certain period of time or when a failure occurs, the staff can enter the filter through the escalator and manhole to facilitate maintenance and repair.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. Low manufacturing cost. Due to the cylindrical tank body of the present invention, the overall production cost of the cylindrical valveless equipment filter is about 50% of the overall production cost of the box-type valveless filter of the same specification made of steel, which can reduce the manufacturing cost by nearly half and shorten the production period. Due to the cylindrical tank body of the present invention, the box-type tank body needs to weld 4 welds on 4 sides, while the cylindrical tank body only needs to weld 1 longitudinal weld.

[0019] 2. The water quality of the outlet water is high. On the one hand, the chamber filter has dead corners while the cylindrical filter has no dead corners, so it is not easy to breed bacteria. On the other hand, the added fan blades, annular filter layer and one-way door increase the flow path of the water flow and separate the impurities in the filtration, so the filtering and backwashing effects are significantly improved.

[0020] 3. Energy saving and environmental protection. The present invention does not require electricity and has zero energy consumption. The filtration and purification utilizes the water head generated by gravity and water level difference to drive the sewage into the filter chamber for filtration and then press it into the water production chamber. The backwashing of the filter layer utilizes gravity and siphon principle. The clean water in the water production chamber returns to the clean water layer under the suction of gravity and siphon to wash the filter layer from bottom to top. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a top cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0025] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. Water production chamber; 11. Water inlet; 12. Water outlet; 2. Filter chamber; 21. First buffer layer; 211. First fan blade; 212. Stirring rod; 22. Filter layer; 23. Second buffer layer; 231. Second fan blade; 232. Filter cap; 24. Water purification layer; 25. Reflux pipe; 26. Annular filter layer; 261. Through groove; 262. One-way door; 263. Filter screen; 264. Valve; 265. Adsorption block; 3. Siphon equipment; 31. Siphon mechanism; 311. Siphon water inlet; 312. Siphon water outlet; 313. Siphon pipe; 32. Siphon destruction mechanism; 321. Siphon destruction pipe; 322. Siphon destruction bucket; 4. Conical bin; 5. Sewage outlet; 6. Escalator; 7. Manhole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The same parts are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the words "bottom" and "top", "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0027] Example:

[0028] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a high-efficiency gravity valveless filter comprises a water production chamber 1, a filter chamber 2, and a siphon device 3. The water production chamber 1 and the filter chamber 2 are both cylindrical. The water production chamber 1 is located above the filter chamber 2. The cylindrical diameter of the water production chamber 1 is larger than the cylindrical diameter of the filter chamber 2. A conical bin 4 is provided between the filter chamber 2 and the water production chamber 1. The bin bottom of the conical bin 4 is connected to the filter chamber 2. The conical convex surface of the conical bin 4 is arranged toward the water production chamber 1.

[0029] The filter chamber 2 is provided with a first buffer layer 21, a filter layer 22, a second buffer layer 23, and a water purification layer 24 from top to bottom. One first buffer layer 21 and one filter layer 22 form a filter part, and the filter part is provided with multiple groups. A return pipe 25 connecting the water production chamber 1 and the water purification layer 24 is provided in the filter chamber 2, so that the pressure generated by the clean water continuously entering the water purification chamber by gravity drives the clean water to flow upward into the water production chamber 1 through the return pipe 25. Filter caps 232 for filtering solid impurities are evenly distributed on the connecting surface of the water purification layer 24 and the second buffer layer 23, and the filter caps 232 are located in the second buffer layer 23;

[0030] The first buffer layer 21 and the second buffer layer 23 are respectively detachably connected with a first fan blade 211 and a second fan blade 231. The blades of the first fan blade 211 and the second fan blade 231 are inclined to form force-bearing surfaces on both sides so that water flow impacts the force-bearing surfaces to drive the fan blades to rotate. The blades of the first fan blade 211 are provided with a stirring rod 212 that is inserted downward into the filter material. The stirring rod 212 and the blades on the first fan blade 211 are axially symmetrically arranged so that the first fan blade 211 drives the stirring rod 212 to stir the expanded filter material.

[0031] The siphon device 3 includes a siphon mechanism 31 and a siphon breaking mechanism 32. The siphon mechanism 31 includes a siphon water inlet 311, a siphon water outlet 312 and a siphon pipe 313 for connecting the siphon water inlet 311 and the siphon water outlet 312. The siphon water inlet 311 is arranged in the conical bin 4, and the siphon water outlet 312 is arranged outside the water production chamber 1. The height of the siphon water outlet 312 is lower than the height of the siphon water inlet 311; the siphon breaking mechanism 32 includes a siphon breaking pipe 321 and a siphon breaking bucket 322. The siphon breaking bucket 322 is arranged at the bottom of the water production chamber 1, and the siphon breaking pipe 321 connects the siphon breaking bucket 322 with the highest point of the siphon pipe 313.

[0032] A water inlet 11 and a water outlet 12 are formed on the water production chamber 1, so that sewage flows into the gravity valveless filter from the water inlet 11 and flows out from the water outlet 12 after filtration. The water inlet 11 is connected to the siphon tube 313 so that the sewage enters the filter chamber 2 through the siphon water inlet 311.

[0033] An annular filter layer 26 for filtering impurities during backwashing is provided in the filter chamber 2. The annular filter layer 26 is provided in the side wall of the filter chamber 2. A through slot 261 which is consistent with the direction of the backwashing water flow is connected between the annular filter layer 26 and the first buffer layer 21 and the second buffer layer 23. A plurality of through slots 261 are provided. A one-way door 262 which is opened only during backwashing is provided on the through slot 261. The through slot 261 is bent. The bending direction of the through slot 261 is consistent with the direction of rotation of the water flow during backwashing, so that the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the fan blades during backwashing drives the water flow to rush into the through slot 261. The one-way door 262 is hinged to the inner wall of the annular filter layer 26 and hinged. The contact point is located above the notch of the through groove 261, and the door frame of the one-way door 262 is larger than the notch of the through groove 261 so that the one-way door 262 is only opened toward the annular filter layer 26 by the water flow pressure during backwashing. A filter screen 263 is provided between the annular filter layer 26 and the clean water layer 24 to allow the clean water in the annular filter layer 26 to return to the clean water layer 24. A valve 264 is hinged on the filter screen 263, and the valve 264 is located in the clean water layer 24. An adsorption block 265 is provided on the side of the valve 264 facing the filter screen 263. There are multiple adsorption blocks 265 and they are adapted to the grids on the filter screen 263 so that the valve 264 is closed and drives the adsorption block 265 to be stuck into the grid.

[0034] A sewage outlet 5 for discharging sewage and impurities is provided at the bottom of the filter chamber 2; an escalator 6 is provided outside the gravity valveless filter, and a manhole 7 for maintenance by staff is provided on the water production chamber 1 and the filter chamber 2.

[0035] Working principle:

[0036] The present invention has the following two working states:

[0037] 1. Sewage filtration status:

[0038] The sewage flows into the gravity valveless filter through the water inlet by gravity, and enters the filter chamber 2 through the siphon water inlet 311. After entering the filter chamber 2, the sewage passes through the first buffer layer 21. The sewage is filtered by gravity through the first buffer layer 21 and the filter layer 22 to generate clean water, which enters the second buffer layer 23 and the clean water layer 24. The clean water that continuously enters the clean water layer 24 generates pressure in the clean water layer 24, driving the clean water to enter the water production chamber 1 through the reflux pipe 25, and finally discharged from the water outlet 12. The water level of the water outlet 12 remains unchanged during the operation of the water purification process.

[0039] When the filter is in sewage purification operation, the first fan blade 211 and the second fan blade 231 rotate in the opposite direction of the through slot 261, and pressure is generated on the one-way door 262 toward the first buffer layer 21 and the second buffer layer 23 to ensure the closure of the one-way door 262. Sewage will not enter the annular filter layer 26 through the one-way door 262, and will directly enter the clean water layer 24 to pollute the filtered clean water.

[0040] 2. Clean water backwash status:

[0041] The water level of the incoming water decreases with filtration, resulting in a head loss in the filter chamber 2. The pressure increases, causing the water level in the filter chamber 2 to continue to rise and overflow into the conical bin 4, thereby entering the siphon water inlet 311. When the water level rises to the top of the siphon tube 313, the siphon mechanism 31 starts to siphon, so that the clean water in the water production chamber 1 returns to the clean water layer 24 through the reflux pipe 25, and the filter layer 22 starts to be automatically backwashed from bottom to top in the filter chamber 2. After flushing, the waste water is discharged from the filter through the siphon tube 313.

[0042] When backwashing is performed in the filter chamber 2, an upward water flow is generated in the filter chamber 2 to drive the first fan blade 211 and the second fan blade 231 to rotate, so that a rotating water flow in a certain direction is generated in the filter chamber 2, and the flow path of the water flow is increased, thereby improving the backwashing effect. The through groove 261 is matched with the rotation direction of the first fan blade 211 and the second fan blade 231 during backwashing, so that the direction of the through groove 261 is consistent with the centrifugal force direction of the water flow, which greatly improves the efficiency of the clean water with impurities passing through the through groove 261 to flush the one-way door 262, and the impurities enter the annular filter layer 26, and the impurities are precipitated at the bottom of the annular filter layer 26. The clean water returns to the clean water layer 24 from the filter screen 263 and re-participates in the backwashing work, which significantly improves the efficiency of backwashing to remove impurities. The stirring rod 212 inserted into the filter material is driven by the first fan blade 211 to stir the expanded filter material to make the backwashing more sufficient.

[0043] As the backwashing continues, the water level in the water production chamber 1 continues to drop, and drops to below the siphon breaking bucket 322, and the pressure in the siphon breaking mechanism 32 is lost to destroy the siphon work of the siphon mechanism 31, and the backwashing is completed.

[0044] After backwashing is completed, the one-way door 262 is closed, the water head in the annular filter layer 26 is reduced, and the valve 264 is closed. When closed, the adsorption block 265 is driven to get stuck in the grid on the filter screen 263, penetrate the blocked grid, and play the role of cleaning the grid of the filter screen 263.

[0045] After the gravity valveless filter has been used for a certain period of time or when a fault occurs, the staff can enter the filter through the escalator 6 and the manhole 7 for easy maintenance and repair; the sewage and impurities in the filter chamber 2 can also be cleaned regularly through the sewage outlet 5.

[0046] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency gravity valveless filter, comprising a water production chamber (1), a filter chamber (2), and a siphon device (3), characterized in that: The water production chamber (1) and the filter chamber (2) are both cylindrical. The water production chamber (1) is located above the filter chamber (2). The cylindrical diameter of the water production chamber (1) is larger than the cylindrical diameter of the filter chamber (2). A conical bin (4) is provided between the filter chamber (2) and the water production chamber (1). The bottom of the conical bin (4) is connected to the filter chamber (2). The conical convex surface of the conical bin (4) is arranged toward the water production chamber (1). The filter chamber (2) is provided with a first buffer layer (21), a filter layer (22), a second buffer layer (23), and a water purification layer (24) in order from top to bottom. The filter chamber (2) is provided with a return pipe (25) connecting the water production chamber (1) and the water purification layer (24), so that the pressure generated by the purified water continuously entering the water purification chamber due to gravity drives the purified water to flow upward into the water production chamber (1) through the return pipe (25); The siphon device (3) comprises a siphon mechanism (31) and a siphon breaking mechanism (32); the siphon mechanism (31) comprises a siphon water inlet (311), a siphon water outlet (312) and a siphon pipe (313) for connecting the siphon water inlet (311) and the siphon water outlet (312); the siphon water inlet (311) is arranged in the conical bin (4); the siphon water outlet (312) is arranged outside the water production chamber (1); the height of the siphon water outlet (312) is lower than the height of the siphon water inlet (311); the siphon breaking mechanism (32) comprises a siphon breaking pipe (321) and a siphon breaking bucket (322); the siphon breaking bucket (322) is arranged at the bottom of the water production chamber (1); the siphon breaking pipe (321) connects the siphon breaking bucket (322) and the highest point of the siphon pipe (313); The water production chamber (1) is formed with a water inlet (11) and a water outlet (12), so that sewage flows into the gravity valveless filter through the water inlet (11) and flows out from the water outlet (12) after being filtered. The water inlet (11) is connected to the siphon (313) so that the sewage enters the filter chamber (2) through the siphon water inlet (311); An annular filter layer (26) for filtering impurities during backwashing is provided in the filter chamber (2). The annular filter layer (26) is provided in the side wall of the filter chamber (2). A through groove (261) in the same direction as the backwashing water flow is connected between the annular filter layer (26) and the first buffer layer (21) and the second buffer layer (23). A plurality of through grooves (261) are provided. A one-way door (262) that is opened only during backwashing is provided on the through groove (261). A filter screen (263) is provided between the annular filter layer (26) and the clean water layer (24) so ​​that the clean water in the annular filter layer (26) returns to the clean water layer (24). The first buffer layer (21) and the second buffer layer (23) are respectively detachably connected with a first fan blade (211) and a second fan blade (231); the blades of the first fan blade (211) and the second fan blade (231) are both inclined to form force-bearing surfaces on both sides so that water flow impacts the force-bearing surfaces to drive the first fan blade (211) and the second fan blade (231) to rotate; the blades of the first fan blade (211) are each provided with a stirring rod (212) inserted downward into the filter material; the stirring rod (212) and the blade on the first fan blade (211) are axially symmetrically arranged so that the first fan blade (211) drives the stirring rod (212) to stir the filter material; The through groove (261) is arranged to be curved, and the curvature direction of the through groove (261) is consistent with the rotation direction of the water flow during backwashing, so that the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the first fan blade (211) and the second fan blade (231) during backwashing drives the water flow to rush into the through groove (261); the one-way door (262) is hinged to the inner wall of the annular filter layer (26) and the hinge point is located above the notch of the through groove (261); the door frame of the one-way door (262) is larger than the notch of the through groove (261) so that the one-way door (262) is opened toward the annular filter layer (26) only under the pressure of the water flow during backwashing; A valve (264) is hingedly connected to the filter screen (263), and the valve (264) is located in the water purification layer (24). An adsorption block (265) is provided on one side of the valve (264) facing the filter screen (263). The adsorption blocks (265) are provided in plurality and are adapted to the grids on the filter screen (263) so that the valve (264) is closed and the adsorption blocks (265) are driven to be stuck into the grids. Filter caps (232) for filtering solid impurities are evenly distributed on the connection surface between the water purification layer (24) and the second buffer layer (23), and the filter caps (232) are located inside the second buffer layer (23).

2. A high-efficiency gravity valveless filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the filter chamber (2) is provided with a sewage outlet (5) for discharging sewage and impurities.

3. A high-efficiency gravity valveless filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: One layer of the first buffer layer (21) and one layer of the filter layer (22) form a group of filter parts, and the filter parts are provided in multiple groups.

4. A high-efficiency gravity valveless filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gravity valveless filter is provided with an escalator (6) outside, and the water production chamber (1) and the filter chamber (2) are both provided with manholes (7) for maintenance by staff.

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