A prism goniometer and method for determining its 0 position

Abstract

The present invention relates to a prism goniometer, comprising a reflector fixed on a reference surface of a target object, and also comprising: a leveling base arranged on the opposite side of the reflector and placed on the target object, a shell being fixed on the upper end of the leveling base, a fixed shaft being vertically arranged on the inner bottom surface of the shell, a rotating sleeve being sleeved on the fixed shaft and being rotatable around its axis, the rotating sleeve extending upwardly out of the shell, a fixed part and a rotating part of an angle measuring device being sleeved on the fixed shaft and the rotating sleeve respectively, a photoelectric autocollimator being arranged on the top end of the rotating sleeve, the photoelectric autocollimator being arranged outside the shell, a right-angle prism being arranged above the photoelectric autocollimator, the ridge line of the right-angle prism being perpendicular to the axis of the rotating sleeve, and a leveling auxiliary device being arranged on any component that can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve; the goniometer has a simple and light structure, and can ensure that each 0 position determined by the goniometer at different positions of the same target object is the same.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of measuring instruments, and in particular to a prism goniometer. Background Art

[0002] Before measuring the azimuth angle of the target object, the prism goniometer must be leveled first, and then the 0 position of the goniometer must be adjusted. A reference plane must be set on the target object, and the reference plane is nearly perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Currently, prism goniometers on the market all use mechanical methods to adjust and determine the 0 position of the goniometer. According to different forms of prism goniometers, there are two methods for mechanically determining the 0 position:

[0003] 1) Prism goniometer with magnetic fixation

[0004] The magnetic surface of the prism goniometer is adsorbed on the reference surface of the target object by magnetism. When the prism goniometer is adjusted to determine the 0 position, the surface perpendicular to the edge line of the right-angle prism is perpendicular to the magnetic surface on the prism goniometer. At this time, the prism goniometer can be leveled in one direction by rotating the prism goniometer around the normal of the reference surface; a shaft-foot screw leveling mechanism is set in another direction perpendicular to it, and the prism goniometer can be leveled in another direction by adjusting the foot screw of the mechanism. This type of prism goniometer adjustment method to determine the 0 position is simple and reliable, but it requires high processing accuracy of the magnetic surface, and special attention should be paid to protection during use. In addition, the magnetic conductive material is heavy and inconvenient to install. Due to processing errors and relying on mechanical methods to adjust the 0 position, cumulative errors will occur in repeated positioning.

[0005] 2) Prism goniometer using purely mechanical positioning and leveling

[0006] A pair of rotating shafts and foot screws leveling mechanisms installed at a 90° angle and a mechanical support surface are used to ensure the accuracy of repeated installation and positioning. Although this type of prism goniometer can be manufactured with light-weight materials, because there are two-way rotating shaft-foot screw leveling mechanisms, an additional locking mechanism is required in the instrument structure, which makes the structure of this type of prism goniometer more complex and requires high processing accuracy.

[0007] The above two types of prism goniometers have the problems of complex structure, high processing precision requirements, long time required to determine the 0 position or heavy weight. If a relative displacement occurs between the goniometer and the reference after the 0 position is adjusted, it is necessary to re-level and determine the 0 position. There is a certain error between the re-determined 0 position and the 0 position determined before the displacement occurs. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to ensure that each 0 position determined by the goniometer at different positions of the same target object is the same through a prism goniometer.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the goniometer provided by the present invention comprises a reflector fixed on a reference plane of a target object, and also comprises: an angle measuring device, a leveling base arranged on the opposite side of the reflector and mounted on the target object, a shell is fixed on the upper end of the leveling base, a fixed shaft is vertically arranged on the inner bottom surface of the shell, a rotating sleeve which can rotate around its axis is sleeved on the fixed shaft, and the rotating sleeve extends upward out of the shell, the angle measuring device comprises a fixed part and a rotating part, the fixed part and the rotating part are sleeved on the fixed shaft and the rotating sleeve respectively, a photoelectric autocollimator is arranged on the top of the rotating sleeve, the photoelectric autocollimator is arranged outside the shell, a right-angle prism is arranged above the photoelectric autocollimator, the ridge line of the right-angle prism is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating sleeve, and a leveling auxiliary device is arranged on any component which can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve;

[0010] The photoelectric autocollimator can emit parallel light horizontally toward the reflector. By rotating and adjusting the rotating sleeve, the parallel light can form an image in the photoelectric autocollimator after being reflected by the reflector.

[0011] Further, the photoelectric autocollimator includes a light source, a differentiation plate, a collimating lens group, a beam splitter and a photoelectric image processing sensor;

[0012] Furthermore, the angle measuring device is an absolute encoder or an incremental encoder.

[0013] Furthermore, the leveling base is a total station base, and the leveling auxiliary device is a level bubble; the total station base is a universal standard part, has good interchangeability and can achieve the purpose of manual leveling.

[0014] Furthermore, the leveling base is an electric leveling base, the leveling auxiliary device is a tilt sensor, and the tilt sensor is arranged on any component that can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve; the electric leveling base is used in conjunction with the tilt sensor to achieve automatic calibration and leveling.

[0015] Furthermore, a servo rotating device is provided between the rotating sleeve and the housing; the servo rotating device replaces manual rotation of the rotating sleeve.

[0016] Furthermore, the prism goniometer is provided with a communication module; the communication module realizes the communication between the goniometer and the host computer, and the host computer can remotely control the goniometer.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for determining the 0 position of the prism goniometer comprises the following steps:

[0018] 1) Adjust the leveling base in cooperation with the leveling auxiliary device so that the axis of the rotating sleeve is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0019] 2) The photoelectric autocollimator emits parallel light horizontally to the reflector, and the rotating sleeve is rotated to adjust the parallel light on the reflector so that the parallel light is reflected to the photoelectric autocollimator, and the reflected parallel light forms an image in the photoelectric autocollimator and an angle value can be measured;

[0020] 3) The angle value is fed back to the angle measuring device by the photoelectric autocollimator, and the corresponding relationship between the right-angle prism and the reflector is memorized as 0 by the angle measuring device.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The goniometer of the present invention has a simple and light structure. The reference for the goniometer to determine the 0 position is a reflector, and a photoelectric method is used to determine the 0 position of the goniometer. The corresponding relationship represented by the 0 position is: the normal of the reference plane of the target object is projected onto the horizontal plane to obtain a straight line on the horizontal plane, which is called the 0 position direction straight line. When the prism goniometer is leveled and the 0 position is determined, the intersection line between the surface perpendicular to the ridgeline of the right angle prism and the horizontal plane is nearly parallel to the 0 position direction straight line; if the relative position between the goniometer and the reference is changed and the 0 position of the goniometer is reset, the reset 0 position after leveling is the same as the 0 position determined during the original measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to clearly illustrate the innovative principle of the invention and its advantages over the prior art prism goniometers, possible embodiments are described below by way of non-limiting examples applying said principle with the aid of the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the prism goniometer of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Stereoscopic image of

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the photoelectric autocollimator;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] like Figure 1The prism goniometer of this embodiment includes a reflector 1 fixed on a reference plane of a target object, an angle measuring device 6, and a leveling base 2 arranged on the opposite side of the reflector 1 and placed on the target object. A shell 3 is fixed to the upper end of the leveling base 2. A fixed shaft 4 is vertically arranged on the inner bottom surface of the shell 3. A rotating shaft sleeve 5 that can rotate around the central axis of the fixed shaft 4 is sleeved on the fixed shaft 4. The rotating shaft sleeve 5 includes an upper shaft sleeve S and a lower shaft sleeve X that are stacked. The axis of the upper shaft sleeve S coincides with the axis of the lower shaft sleeve X. The upper shaft sleeve S extends upward out of the shell. Outside the housing 3, the angle measuring device 6 includes a fixed part 25 and a rotating part 26, the fixed part 25 and the rotating part 26 are respectively sleeved on the fixed shaft 4 and the rotating sleeve 5, the top of the upper sleeve S is provided with a photoelectric autocollimator 7, the photoelectric autocollimator 7 is provided outside the housing 3, a right-angle prism 8 is provided above the photoelectric autocollimator 7, the ridge line of the right-angle prism 8 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating sleeve 5, any component that can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve 5 is provided with a leveling auxiliary device 9, and a display screen P is provided on the right end surface of the housing 3;

[0028] The photoelectric autocollimator 7 can emit parallel light horizontally toward the reflector 1 , and by rotating and adjusting the rotating sleeve 5 , the parallel light can form an image in the photoelectric autocollimator 7 after being reflected by the reflector 1 .

[0029] The reflector 1 is fixed to the reference surface of the target object by a mechanical elastic buckle.

[0030] In this embodiment, the fixed shaft 4 is preferably fixed, and the rotating sleeve 5 drives the components on it to rotate synchronously. The solution can also be: the rotating sleeve 5 is fixed on the leveling base 2, and the rotating sleeve 5 is penetrated by the fixed shaft 4 that can rotate around its axis, and the photoelectric autocollimator 7 and other components rotate with the fixed shaft 4.

[0031] In this embodiment, the angle measuring device 6 is preferably an absolute encoder, the rotating part 26 of the absolute encoder is a code disk, and the code disk sleeve is fixed on the lower shaft sleeve X. The fixed part 25 of the absolute encoder is a reading system, and the reading system is fixed to the bottom of the fixed shaft 4. The absolute encoder can also use the reading system as the rotating part 26 and fix it on the lower shaft sleeve X, and use the code disk as the fixed part 25 and fix it on the fixed shaft 4. The angle measuring device 6 can be replaced by an incremental encoder, etc., and both the incremental encoder and the absolute encoder are composed of a code disk and a reading system.

[0032] In this embodiment, an annular gap is preferably left between the fixed shaft 4 and the lower sleeve X, an annular gap is provided with an annular cage C, a large number of balls are provided on the side wall of the annular cage C, and the lower sleeve X is rotatable with the fixed shaft 4 through a pair of plane bearings G; the lower sleeve X and the fixed shaft 4 can also be directly matched with a high-precision shaft hole to realize the rotation of the lower sleeve X. The lower sleeve X and the fixed shaft 4 can also be rotatable through components such as sliding bearings.

[0033] The photoelectric autocollimator 7 includes a light source 10 , a splitting plate 11 , a collimating lens group 12 , a beam splitter 14 and a photoelectric image processing sensor 13 .

[0034] In this embodiment, the leveling base 2 is preferably a total station base, and the leveling auxiliary device 9 is a level bubble.

[0035] The leveling base 2 can also be an electric leveling base, and the leveling auxiliary device 9 is a tilt sensor.

[0036] The leveling auxiliary device 9 is arranged on any component that can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve 5, and the any component includes the rotating part 26, the photoelectric autocollimator 7 or the rotor 22; preferably, in this embodiment: a dust cover is provided on the photoelectric autocollimator 7, and when the leveling auxiliary device 9 is a level bubble, the level bubble is arranged on the top surface of the dust cover, so that the user can observe the leveling auxiliary device 9 outside the instrument. If the level bubble is arranged on any component in the shell 3, it is necessary to set a perspective window on the surface of the shell 3 for convenient observation; when the leveling auxiliary device 9 is a tilt sensor, the tilt sensor can also be arranged on the inner wall of the upper sleeve S.

[0037] The rotating sleeve 5 is sleeved with a servo rotating device 18. The preferred servo rotating device 18 in this embodiment is a brushless motor composed of a stator 20 and a rotor 22. The angle value can be fed back to the servo rotating device 18 by using the angle measuring device 6. This feedback function replaces the encoding system function of the ordinary servo motor. The stator 20 is fixed to the fixing part 25, and the rotor 22 is located between the stator 20 and the lower sleeve X and sleeved on the lower sleeve X. The servo rotating device 18 can also be composed of a servo motor and a reduction mechanism. The servo rotating device 18 can also be replaced by an ultrasonic motor or the like.

[0038] The prism goniometer is provided with a communication module.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The method for determining the 0 position of the prism goniometer comprises the following steps:

[0041] 1) Adjust the leveling base 2 in cooperation with the leveling auxiliary device 9 so that the axis of the rotating sleeve 5 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0042] 2) The photoelectric autocollimator 7 emits parallel light horizontally to the reflector 1, and by rotating and adjusting the rotating sleeve 5, the parallel light on the reflector 1 is reflected to the photoelectric autocollimator 7, and the reflected parallel light forms an image in the photoelectric autocollimator 7 and an angle value can be measured, which represents the angle between the optical axis of the parallel light and the normal line of the reflector;

[0043] 3) The angle value is fed back to the angle measuring device 6 by the photoelectric autocollimator 7 , and at this time, the corresponding relationship between the right angle prism 8 and the reflector 1 is memorized as 0 by the angle measuring device 6 .

[0044] The reference for determining the 0 position of the goniometer of the present invention is the reflector 1, and the 0 position of the goniometer is determined by a photoelectric method; the corresponding relationship represented by the 0 position is: the normal of the reference plane of the target object is projected onto the horizontal plane to obtain a straight line on the horizontal plane, which is called the 0 position direction straight line. When the prism goniometer is leveled and the 0 position is determined, the intersection line between the surface perpendicular to the edge line of the right angle prism 8 and the horizontal plane is nearly parallel to the 0 position direction straight line. If the relative position between the goniometer and the reference is changed and the 0 position of the goniometer is reset, the reset 0 position after leveling is the same as the 0 position determined during the original measurement.

[0045] The photoelectric autocollimator 7 used in the above embodiment is based on Figure 3 The schematic diagram shown in the figure can also be used; the product model ELCOMAT-3000 produced by German molle, or the product model TriAngle TA 300-38 produced by German trioptics, or the product model CSZ-1 produced by Jiujiang Jingda Testing Technology Co., Ltd., or the product model AIM-300-Pro produced by Xi'an Guangheng Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.

[0046] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prism goniometer, comprising a reflector (1) fixed on a reference surface of a target object, characterized in that: Also includes: An angle measuring device (6), a leveling base (2) disposed on the opposite side of the reflector (1) and mounted on the target object, a housing (3) being fixed to the upper end of the leveling base (2), a fixed shaft (4) being vertically disposed on the inner bottom surface of the housing (3), a rotating shaft sleeve (5) being sleeved on the fixed shaft (4) and being rotatable about its axis, the rotating shaft sleeve (5) extending upwardly out of the housing (3), the angle measuring device (6) comprising a fixed portion (25) and a rotating portion (26), the fixed portion (25) being disposed on the inner bottom surface of the housing (3) and the rotating shaft sleeve (5) being disposed on the inner bottom surface of the housing (3). 25) and the rotating part (26) are respectively sleeved on the fixed shaft (4) and the rotating sleeve (5); a photoelectric autocollimator (7) is provided at the top of the rotating sleeve (5); the photoelectric autocollimator (7) is arranged outside the housing (3); a right-angle prism (8) is provided above the photoelectric autocollimator (7); the ridge line of the right-angle prism (8) is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating sleeve (5); and a leveling auxiliary device (9) is provided on any component that can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve (5); The photoelectric autocollimator (7) can emit parallel light horizontally toward the reflector (1), and by rotating and adjusting the rotating shaft sleeve (5), the parallel light can form an image in the photoelectric autocollimator (7) after being reflected by the reflector (1); The angle measuring device (6) is an absolute encoder or an incremental encoder; the leveling base (2) is a total station base; and the leveling auxiliary device (9) is a level bubble.

2. The prism goniometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric autocollimator (7) comprises a light source (10), a differentiation plate (11), a beam splitter (14), a collimating lens group (12), and a photoelectric image processing sensor (13).

3. The prism goniometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leveling base (2) is an electric leveling base, and the leveling auxiliary device (9) is a tilt sensor, which is arranged on any component that can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve (5).

4. The prism goniometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A servo rotating device (18) is sleeved on the rotating shaft sleeve (5).

5. The prism goniometer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The prism goniometer is provided with a communication module.

6. A method for determining the zero position of a prism goniometer, the prism goniometer comprising a reflector (1) fixed on a reference surface of a target object, characterized in that: Also includes: An angle measuring device (6), a leveling base (2) disposed on the opposite side of the reflector (1) and mounted on the target object, a housing (3) being fixed to the upper end of the leveling base (2), a fixed shaft (4) being vertically disposed on the inner bottom surface of the housing (3), a rotating shaft sleeve (5) being sleeved on the fixed shaft (4) and being rotatable about its axis, the rotating shaft sleeve (5) extending upwardly out of the housing (3), the angle measuring device (6) comprising a fixed portion (25) and a rotating portion (26), the fixed portion (25) being disposed on the inner bottom surface of the housing (3) and the rotating shaft sleeve (5) being disposed on the inner bottom surface of the housing (3). 25) and the rotating part (26) are respectively sleeved on the fixed shaft (4) and the rotating sleeve (5); a photoelectric autocollimator (7) is provided at the top of the rotating sleeve (5); the photoelectric autocollimator (7) is arranged outside the housing (3); a right-angle prism (8) is provided above the photoelectric autocollimator (7); the ridge line of the right-angle prism (8) is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating sleeve (5); and a leveling auxiliary device (9) is provided on any component that can rotate synchronously with the rotating sleeve (5); The photoelectric autocollimator (7) can emit parallel light horizontally toward the reflector (1), and by rotating and adjusting the rotating shaft sleeve (5), the parallel light can form an image in the photoelectric autocollimator (7) after being reflected by the reflector (1); The method for determining the 0 position of the prism goniometer comprises the following steps: 1) adjusting the leveling base (2) in cooperation with the leveling auxiliary device (9) so that the axis of the rotating sleeve (5) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; 2) the photoelectric autocollimator (7) emits parallel light horizontally toward the reflector (1), and the rotating shaft sleeve (5) is rotated and adjusted so that the parallel light on the reflector (1) is reflected to the photoelectric autocollimator (7), and the reflected parallel light forms an image in the photoelectric autocollimator (7) and an angle value can be measured; 3) The angle value is fed back to the angle measuring device (6) by the photoelectric autocollimator (7), and at this time, the corresponding relationship between the right-angle prism (8) and the reflector (1) is memorized as 0 by the angle measuring device (6).

Images