A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device

Abstract

A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device includes a base and a pyrolysis carbonization device body, wherein a slag discharger is arranged in the base, the main body shell of the pyrolysis carbonization device is made of a heat-insulating material, the top of the main body shell is sealed, and the bottom of the main body shell is provided with an opening; two isolation layers are arranged inside the main body shell, and a flue, a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber are formed from the outside to the inside; two partition members are arranged in the vertical direction in the carbonization chamber, and the carbonization chamber is divided into a drying zone, a cracking zone and a carbonization zone in the vertical direction; the combustion chamber is provided with three baffles, and the setting direction of the middle baffle is opposite to that of the other two; a burner is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber. The beneficial effect is that: on the one hand, the technical solution greatly shortens the heat transmission distance, and on the other hand, it improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of heat, and overcomes the problem of heat transfer opacity of traditional carbonization equipment. At the same time, by returning the combustible gas and liquid generated during the pyrolysis of the material in the carbonization chamber to the combustion chamber for high-temperature oxidation combustion, the generation of pollutants is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The patent of this invention belongs to the technical field of garbage pyrolysis treatment application equipment, and specifically relates to a multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device. Background Art

[0002] Municipal solid waste is one of the most serious environmental problems currently facing cities in my country. How to effectively deal with it has become the focus of attention of the government and the public. Domestic waste is not only a kind of waste, but the organic matter in the waste is also a major renewable resource. The disposal of waste is not only an important environmental issue, but also a resource recycling issue.

[0003] At present, the harmless treatment of domestic waste in my country mainly includes landfill, incineration and composting. Among these methods of waste treatment, landfill disposal is simple to operate and has wide adaptability, but it wastes land resources and has potential secondary pollution, and it cannot achieve the effect of reducing the volume and amount of domestic waste; composting treatment has a long cycle, a small treatment volume, and the product is difficult to sell; currently, incineration has become a major method for treating urban domestic waste in my country. Incineration treatment generally uses grate furnaces or circulating fluidized bed furnaces. This type of equipment has the characteristics of large investment and high operating costs during use. Due to over-oxygen combustion, a large amount of acidic gases, dioxins and other pollutants are easily generated during the combustion process, and the flue gas contains a lot of fly ash, which is easy to cause secondary pollution to the entire environment. Therefore, how to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of domestic waste treatment technology.

[0004] To solve the above problems, garbage disposal technology is gradually developing towards garbage carbonization. Garbage carbonization is a process of heating and decomposition under anaerobic conditions. It is a chemical decomposition process that breaks macromolecular bonds, isomerizes, and polymerizes small molecules to form gaseous, liquid, or solid combustible substances. Existing garbage carbonization devices have certain limitations.

[0005] For example, the pyrolysis carbonization disposal system and method for domestic waste with publication number CN111004640A and the continuous carbonization device for decomposable waste with publication number CN210085372U both adopt multi-stage continuous waste treatment process, which has technical defects such as waste treatment process plant, large floor space, high investment cost, and difficult maintenance.

[0006] Another example is the integrated device for low-temperature pyrolysis, oxygen-isolating, carbonizing and secondary combustion of domestic waste with publication number CN110440268A. Although this integrated device has achieved an integrated design, it still has certain problems, mainly manifested in technical defects such as low heat utilization efficiency, poor heat transfer of the equipment, and uneven heating. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device, the application of which solves the technical problems existing in the prior art garbage carbonization.

[0008] A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device is vertically arranged and integrated; the multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device comprises a base and a pyrolysis carbonization device body, and the pyrolysis carbonization device body is fixedly installed on the base; a slag discharger is arranged in the base; the shell of the pyrolysis carbonization device body is made of a heat-insulating material; two closed-loop isolation layers are arranged inside the shell, and a flue, a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber are formed from the outside to the inside; two partition members are arranged in the vertical direction in the carbonization chamber, and the carbonization chamber is divided into a drying zone, a cracking zone and a carbonization zone in the vertical direction; the inner wall of the combustion chamber is sequentially provided with at least three baffles from bottom to top, and the baffles are staggeredly installed on the inner wall;

[0009] A heat transfer component is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber; a burner is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber; and a stirring device is arranged in the drying area of ​​the carbonization chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the isolation layer and the partition member are both made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials.

[0011] Preferably, an air collecting device is provided below the partition member, and the air collecting device is connected to the burner through a pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, a heat transfer component is provided on the inner wall of the carbonization chamber.

[0013] Preferably, temperature sensors are respectively provided in the drying zone, the cracking zone and the carbonization zone, and the temperature sensors are fixed on the inner wall.

[0014] Preferably, a feed port is provided at the top of the main body of the pyrolysis carbonization device, and a slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the main body of the pyrolysis carbonization device.

[0015] Preferably, the partition member is opened and closed electrically.

[0016] Preferably, the burner is connected to municipal natural gas through a pipeline.

[0017] Preferably, a smoke exhaust port is provided at the lower end of the shell.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: through integrated design, the carbonization chamber is located between the combustion chamber and the flue, and a baffle is arranged in the combustion chamber. At the same time, the flue gas is turned back from the top along the flue to the bottom for discharge, so that the high-temperature flue gas stays in the combustion chamber for a sufficient time. On the one hand, this design greatly shortens the heat transmission distance, and on the other hand, it improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of heat, overcoming the problem of heat transfer obstruction in traditional carbonization equipment. At the same time, by returning the combustible gas and liquid generated during the pyrolysis of the carbonization chamber material to the combustion chamber for high-temperature oxidation combustion, the generation of pollutants is effectively reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device according to the present invention;

[0021] In the figure: 1 shell, 2 carbonization chamber, 3 combustion chamber, 4 base, 5 slag discharger, 6 burner, 7 smoke outlet, 8 partition member, 9 baffle, 10 pipeline, 11 heat transfer member, 12 flue gas, 13 flue. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device, wherein the multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device is vertically arranged and integrated;

[0024] The multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device comprises a base 4 and a pyrolysis carbonization device body, and the pyrolysis carbonization device body is fixedly mounted on the base 4;

[0025] A slag discharger 5 is provided in the base;

[0026] The outer shell 1 of the main body of the pyrolysis carbonization device is made of heat-insulating material;

[0027] Two closed-loop isolation layers are arranged inside the shell 1, and a flue 13, a carbonization chamber 2 and a combustion chamber 3 are formed from the outside to the inside; two partition members 8 are arranged vertically inside the carbonization chamber 2, and the carbonization chamber is divided into a drying area, a cracking area and a carbonization area in the vertical direction; at least three baffles 9 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top on the inner wall of the combustion chamber 3, and the baffles 9 are staggeredly installed on the inner wall;

[0028] A heat transfer component 11 is provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber 3;

[0029] A burner 6 is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 3;

[0030] A stirring device is provided in the drying area of ​​the carbonization chamber 2 .

[0031] In order to improve the heat transfer effect, heat transfer components are arranged on the two inner walls of the carbonization chamber.

[0032] In order to increase the service life of the multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device, the isolation layer and the partition components are made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials.

[0033] In order to prevent the waste gas generated by the cracking zone and carbonization from polluting the environment, a gas collecting device is provided below the partition member, and the gas collecting device is connected to the burner through a pipeline 10. The applicant also needs to explain that the gas collecting device can also be installed at different positions according to the needs of garbage disposal, and can be one or more.

[0034] In order to timely understand the temperature of different areas of the carbonization chamber, temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the drying area, the cracking area and the carbonization area, and the temperature sensors are fixed on the inner wall.

[0035] In order to facilitate the garbage materials to enter the carbonization chamber, a feed inlet is provided on the top of the main shell of the pyrolysis carbonization device, and a buckle-type sealing door is provided at the feed inlet;

[0036] For convenience, a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the main shell of the pyrolysis carbonization device.

[0037] A smoke exhaust port 7 is provided at the lower end of the shell.

[0038] The technical solution described in the present invention is mainly designed to arrange a burner, a baffle and a heat-conducting component in the combustion chamber. The baffle can make the flue gas 12 stay in each area of ​​the combustion chamber for much longer than 2 seconds, thereby burning the gas, liquid and other organic matter collected in the carbonization chamber. The heat generated by the combustion is conducted to the carbonization chamber through the heat-conducting component, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion directly flows back to the flue system.

[0039] In the pyrolysis carbonization device of the present invention, the carbonization chamber is arranged between the flue and the combustion chamber, and a partition member is arranged in the carbonization chamber to divide the carbonization chamber into a drying zone, a cracking zone and a carbonization zone from top to bottom, and the carbonization chamber is always in an oxygen-deficient state. At the same time, heat transfer members of different areas are arranged in the carbonization chamber to ensure uniform heat supply through distributed heating, and the reaction temperature of each area of ​​the carbonization chamber is controlled within a certain range through temperature monitoring.

[0040] After the garbage material is transported to the carbonization chamber, it is first heated to 100-200℃. With the assistance of the stirring device, most of the moisture in the garbage material in the drying area is gasified, achieving deep dehydration of the material. The partition component is opened by the electric control, and the garbage material enters the cracking zone, and then the partition component is closed by the electric control. The temperature of the cracking zone is gradually heated to 350-400℃, and the garbage material is gasified or gasified after cracking. The waste gas generated is transported to the burner through the gas collection device and pipeline, which completely burns the toxic and harmful gases while providing heat for the carbonization chamber. After a certain design time, the partition component is opened by the electric control, and the garbage after the cracking zone enters the carbonization zone, and then the partition component is closed by the electric control. At this time, the remaining solid enters the carbonization section and is heated to about 650℃. At the same time, the waste gas generated by carbonization is transported to the burner through the gas collection device and pipeline.

[0041] The smoke generated in the combustion chamber rises to the top and is introduced into the flue, and the smoke runs downward through the flue to the smoke exhaust port at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization device. In this technical solution, since the high-temperature smoke generated in the combustion chamber is directly guided to the flue, on the one hand, the heat preservation of the carbonization chamber is achieved, and on the other hand, the heat energy loss caused by the transmission distance is greatly reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

[0042] In this technical solution, the purpose of heat transfer is achieved in two ways. First, the inner side of the carbonization chamber is lined with a heat-conducting plate, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is transferred to the carbonization chamber by heat conduction. Second, the high-temperature flue gas is wrapped on the outside to ensure that the furnace body is evenly heated without open flames. At the same time, there are two ways to achieve furnace temperature control. First, the purpose of controlling heat transfer is achieved by controlling the area of ​​the heat-conducting plate lining the carbonization chamber; second, the temperature control is achieved by controlling the flue gas flow outside the carbonization chamber. The outer flue gas duct is set to spirally surround, and different numbers of spirals are set in different areas to control heat transfer and achieve the purpose of temperature control.

[0043] The applicant needs to specially point out that the materials used for the overall manufacturing of the multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device described in the present invention can be purchased on the open market; the specific installation and use of the heat transfer components and partition components are basic common sense that technical personnel in this field should master; the multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device described in the present invention is a customized product. Normally, according to the customer's demand for daily garbage processing, the multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device is quantitatively designed in accordance with the known parameters in the field and the design of the present technical solution, such as the outer shell size of the carbonization device, the use area and fixing method of the heat transfer component, the use area and fixing method of the baffle, the size of the partition component, the selection of the motor, etc.

[0044] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device, Features: The multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device is vertically arranged and integrated; The multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device comprises a base and a pyrolysis carbonization device body, and the pyrolysis carbonization device body is fixedly mounted on the base; A slag discharger is arranged in the base; The outer shell of the main body of the pyrolysis carbonization device is made of heat-insulating material; Two closed-loop isolation layers are arranged inside the shell, and a flue, a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber are formed from the outside to the inside; two partition members are arranged in the vertical direction inside the carbonization chamber, and the carbonization chamber is divided into a drying area, a cracking area and a carbonization area in the vertical direction; at least three baffles are arranged in sequence from bottom to top on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and the baffles are staggeredly installed on the inner wall; A heat transfer component is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber; A burner is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber; A stirring device is arranged in the drying area of ​​the carbonization chamber.

2. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: The isolation layer and the partition member are both made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials.

3. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: A gas collecting device is arranged below the partition member, and the gas collecting device is connected to the burner through a pipeline.

4. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: A heat transfer component is arranged on the inner wall of the carbonization chamber.

5. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: Temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the drying zone, the cracking zone and the carbonization zone, and the temperature sensors are fixed on the inner wall.

6. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: A feed port is arranged at the top of the main body of the pyrolysis carbonization device, and a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the main body of the pyrolysis carbonization device.

7. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: The partition component is electrically controlled to open and close.

8. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: The burner is connected to the municipal natural gas through a pipeline.

9. A multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, Features: The lower end of the shell is provided with a smoke exhaust port.

Images