A seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler

Abstract

The invention discloses a seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler, comprising an in-situ sampling packaging module and a pressure maintenance module, wherein the in-situ sampling packaging module comprises a penetration component, a sampling component and a pressure sensor, wherein the sampling component comprises an air bag and a sampling barrel, wherein the upper end of the sampling barrel is connected to a sealing end cap, wherein a water storage chamber is arranged at the lower end of the sealing end cap, wherein a flow-stopping channel is connected to the lower end of the water storage chamber, wherein the lower end of the flow-stopping channel is connected to a water inlet channel, wherein the inner wall of the flow-stopping channel is arranged in an inclined manner, wherein a one-way ball is arranged in the flow-stopping channel, wherein the diameter of the one-way ball is greater than the inner diameter of the water inlet channel, wherein the lower end of the water inlet channel is connected to a storage chamber, wherein a coarse filter screen is arranged between the water inlet channel and the storage chamber, wherein the lower end of the storage chamber is connected to a high-pressure valve group, wherein the lower end of the high-pressure valve group is connected to the penetration component. In the present invention, the sampling component is driven to penetrate into the seafloor surface layer by the penetration component, so that sediment and overlying water enter the sampling barrel, and then the coarse filter screen delaminates them and stores them in the storage chamber and the dewatering chamber respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fidelity sampler, in particular to a fidelity sampler for seafloor surface sediments. Background Art

[0002] The seafloor water-sediment interface is an important place for marine scientific research. Different water depths, redox environments, and the degree of participation of organic matter and microorganisms all have different effects on the biogeochemical reactions at the sediment interface. However, due to the relatively complex seafloor environment, it is difficult to obtain reliable samples, but reliable samples are a prerequisite for analytical research. How to obtain reliable samples has become a bottleneck in contemporary marine scientific research; conventional sampling devices often cause the loss of sample gas phase components, microbial death, oxidation state changes, and organic component decomposition, which greatly limits the flux calculation of methane seepage areas and in-depth research on the evolution of geological environmental systems. The multi-tube sampler developed in China uses hydraulic drive for faithful sampling of deep-sea sediments, but its pressure maintenance is not achieved in situ, and the disturbance of overlying water cannot be avoided after sampling. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler, which can solve the problem that conventional sampling devices cannot perform reliable sampling.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler, comprising an in-situ sampling packaging module for obtaining samples and a pressure maintaining module for adjusting the internal pressure of the in-situ sampling packaging module, wherein the in-situ sampling packaging module comprises a penetration component for penetrating the seafloor surface, a sampling component for in-situ sampling packaging, and a pressure sensor for detecting the internal pressure of the sampling component, wherein the sampling component comprises an air bag for collecting gas and a sampling barrel with a hollow structure, wherein the upper end of the sampling barrel is connected to a sealing end cap, wherein the lower end of the sealing end cap is provided with a water storage cavity for storing overlying water, wherein the lower end of the water storage cavity is connected to a flow-stopping channel, wherein the flow-stopping channel The lower end of the water inlet channel is connected to the water inlet channel, the inner wall of the flow-stopping channel is inclined from the edge of the water inlet channel to the edge of the water storage chamber, the flow-stopping channel is provided with a one-way ball for preventing the overlying water in the water storage chamber from flowing out, the diameter of the one-way ball is larger than the inner diameter of the water inlet channel, the lower end of the water inlet channel is connected to the storage chamber for storing sediments, a coarse filter screen for filtering out sediments is provided between the water inlet channel and the storage chamber, the lower end of the storage chamber is connected to the high-pressure valve group, the lower end of the high-pressure valve group is connected to the penetration assembly, and the pressure sensor, air bag and pressure maintaining module are all connected to the water storage chamber and / or the storage chamber.

[0006] Preferably, the inner diameter of the water inlet channel is smaller than the inner diameter of the water storage chamber.

[0007] Preferably, the high-pressure valve group is a high-pressure ball valve.

[0008] Preferably, it further comprises a fine filter screen, and the flow-stopping channel is connected to the water storage chamber via the fine filter screen.

[0009] Preferably, the penetration assembly comprises a penetration knife barrel with a hollow structure, and the upper end of the knife barrel is connected to the lower end of the storage cavity through a high-pressure valve group.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes an air valve, and the air bag is connected to the water storage chamber via the air valve.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure maintaining module includes an energy storage sleeve for providing pressure to the water storage chamber and a pressure transmission pipeline for transmitting pressure, the energy storage sleeve is provided with an energy storage cavity inside, an energy storage piston is movably connected in the energy storage cavity, an energy storage end cover is provided at the output end of the energy storage sleeve, an internal adapter connecting the energy storage cavity and the pressure transmission pipeline is provided on the energy storage end cover, and the energy storage cavity is connected to the water storage chamber and / or the storage chamber in sequence through the internal adapter and the pressure transmission pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a stop valve and an external adapter, and the stop valve is connected to the input end of the energy storage sleeve via the external adapter.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a clamp, and the energy storage sleeve is connected to the sampling tube via the clamp.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the sampling assembly can be driven by the penetration assembly to quickly obtain sediment and overlying water, and the sampling and in-situ packaging of the sampling tube are realized by controlling the switch of the high-pressure valve group, and then the storage chamber and the water storage chamber are separated by a coarse filter screen, so that the sediment and the overlying water are kept in layers. Preferably, a water-stopping channel and a one-way ball are also provided between the storage chamber and the water storage chamber. Specifically, when the water inlet channel transports liquid upward, the one-way ball is affected by the flow direction of the liquid and moves away from the water inlet channel, so that the water storage chamber, the flow-stopping channel and the water inlet channel are separated. The water channel is connected, and the liquid smoothly enters the water storage chamber. When the liquid in the water storage chamber flows downward, the one-way ball moves toward the water inlet channel under the influence of its own gravity and the flow direction of the liquid, and finally blocks the input end of the stop channel, preventing the liquid in the water storage chamber from flowing back into the water inlet channel, ensuring that the sample does not leak and mix with a large amount of sediment in the storage chamber below, causing turbidity of the sample. Preferably, the sampling tube is externally connected to a pressure maintaining module, and the pressure of the storage chamber and the water storage chamber in the sampling tube is adjusted by the pressure maintaining module to achieve pressure maintenance and fidelity of the sample. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler described in the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sampling component described in the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the energy storage sleeve described in the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1-pressure maintaining module; 2-clamp; 3-pressure transmission pipeline; 4-air bag; 5-pressure sensor; 6-sampling assembly; 21-sealing end cover; 22-water storage chamber; 23-fine filter screen; 24-one-way ball; 25-coarse filter screen; 26-storage chamber; 27-sampling cylinder; 28-high-pressure valve group; 29-penetration knife cylinder; 30-inner adapter; 31-stop valve; 32-outer adapter; 33-energy storage sleeve; 34-energy storage piston; 35-energy storage end cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0022] Below, the present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0023] In the present invention, the overlying water is liquid covering the seafloor surface sediments, the sampling tube 27 is a hollow structure with two ends open, one end of which is sealed by a sealing end cap 21, and the other end is connected to a penetration knife barrel 29, wherein the penetration knife barrel 29 is also a hollow structure with two ends open, and the sampling tube 27 and the penetration knife barrel 29 are both cylindrical structures. Preferably, O-rings are provided between the sealing end cap 21 and the sampling tube 27 and between the penetration knife barrel 29 and the sampling tube 27 to improve the sealing performance and avoid sample leakage or contamination of the sample in the sampling tube 27. Further, the sealing end cap 21 is provided with an exhaust hole and a pressure measuring hole, the test end of the pressure sensor 5 passes through the pressure measuring hole and enters the water storage chamber 22, and the air bag 4 is connected to the water storage chamber 22 and / or the storage chamber 26 through the air valve and the exhaust hole in turn.

[0024] like Figure 1-3As shown, a seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler includes an in-situ sampling packaging module for obtaining samples and a pressure maintaining module 1 for adjusting the internal pressure of the in-situ sampling packaging module, the in-situ sampling packaging module includes a penetration component for penetrating the seafloor surface, a sampling component 6 for in-situ sampling packaging and a pressure sensor 5 for detecting the internal pressure of the sampling component 6, the sampling component 6 includes an air bag 4 for collecting gas and a sampling barrel 27 with a hollow structure, preferably, also includes an air valve, the air bag 4 is connected to the water storage chamber 22 and / or the storage chamber 26 through the air valve, the upper end of the sampling barrel 27 is connected to a sealing end cover 21, the upper end surface of the sealing end cover 21 is provided with an exhaust hole, the input end of the air valve is connected to the water storage chamber 22 through the exhaust hole, and the output end of the air valve is connected to the input end of the air bag 4. The lower end of the sealing end cover 21 is provided with a water storage chamber 22 for storing overlying water. Specifically, the lower end surface of the sealing end cover 21 and the chamber at the upper end of the sampling tube 27 form the water storage chamber 22. The lower end of the water storage chamber 22 is connected with a flow stop channel. The lower end of the flow stop channel is connected with a water inlet channel. The inner wall of the flow stop channel is inclined from the edge of the water inlet channel toward the edge of the water storage chamber 22. Specifically, the inner diameter of the water inlet channel is smaller than the inner diameter of the water storage chamber 22, that is, the flow stop channel is a channel with a conical structure, and its conical end is connected to the water inlet channel, and its bottom end is connected to the water storage chamber 22, that is, the end with a smaller cross-sectional area is connected to the water inlet channel (the inner diameter of the input end of the water stop channel is equal to the inner diameter of the water inlet channel), and the end with a larger cross-sectional area is connected to the water storage chamber 22 (the inner diameter of the output end of the water stop channel is equal to the inner diameter of the water storage chamber 22). Further The stop flow channel is provided with a one-way ball 24 for preventing the overlying water in the water storage chamber 22 from flowing out. Since the water storage chamber 22, the stop flow channel and the water inlet channel are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the diameter of the one-way ball 24 is larger than the inner diameter of the water inlet channel, when the water inlet channel transports liquid upward, the one-way ball 24 is affected by the flow direction of the liquid and moves away from the water inlet channel. Then, the water storage chamber 22, the stop flow channel and the water inlet channel are connected, and the liquid smoothly enters the water storage chamber 22. When the liquid in the water storage chamber 22 flows downward, under the influence of its own gravity and the flow direction of the liquid, the one-way ball 24 moves toward the water inlet channel and finally blocks the input end of the stop flow channel, preventing the liquid in the water storage chamber 22 from flowing back into the water inlet channel, thereby ensuring that the sample does not leak and mix with a large amount of sediment in the storage chamber 26 below, causing the sample to become turbid. Preferably, the lower end of the water inlet channel is connected to a storage chamber 26 for storing sediments, and a coarse filter screen 25 for filtering out sediments is arranged between the water inlet channel and the storage chamber 26. Preferably, a fine filter screen 23 is also included, and the flow stop channel is connected to the water storage chamber 22 through the fine filter screen 23.In this embodiment, the coarse filter 25 can be a filter with a pore size of 1 mm, and the fine filter 23 can be a white porous hydrophilic filter membrane with an average pore size of 0.15 μm. The water stop channel is arranged between the coarse filter 25 and the fine filter 23. The coarse filter 25 is used for preliminary filtration to filter out soil particles with larger particle sizes to avoid clogging the water inlet channel and the water stop channel, resulting in poor water inflow or the one-way ball 24 cannot be pressed with the input end of the stop channel, so that the one-way ball 24 cannot play a role in preventing backflow, and then the fine filter 23 is used to ensure that the overlying water and the sediment are completely separated. Furthermore, a high-pressure valve group 28 is connected to the lower end of the storage chamber 26. Preferably, the high-pressure valve group 28 is a high-pressure ball valve, and the lower end of the high-pressure valve group 28 is connected to the penetration component. In the present embodiment, since the seabed surface sediment fidelity sampler operates on the seabed, a high-pressure valve group 28 is used to adapt to the deep-sea environment and ensure the stability of the valve when working under high pressure. Furthermore, a high-pressure ball valve with smaller fluid resistance is used to reduce the fluid resistance when overlying water and sediment enter the seabed surface sediment fidelity sampler, so that sampling is smoother, and the high-pressure ball valve is easy to operate and opens and closes quickly. From fully open to fully closed, it only needs to rotate a predetermined angle, which is convenient for long-distance control. In addition, the high-pressure ball valve has two sealing surfaces, which have good sealing performance and can achieve complete sealing, which is beneficial to the sealed preservation of samples. Preferably, the penetration component includes a penetration knife barrel 29 with a hollow structure, and the upper end of the knife barrel is connected to the lower end of the storage chamber 26 through the high-pressure valve group 28.

[0025] Specifically, the pressure maintaining module 1 includes an energy storage sleeve 33 for providing pressure to the water storage chamber 22 and a pressure transmission pipeline 3 for transmitting pressure. Preferably, it also includes a clamp 2, and the energy storage sleeve 33 is connected to the sampling tube 27 through the clamp 2. An energy storage cavity is arranged inside the energy storage sleeve 33, and an energy storage piston 34 is movably connected in the energy storage cavity. An energy storage end cover 35 is arranged at the output end of the energy storage sleeve 33, and an inner adapter 30 connecting the energy storage cavity and the pressure transmission pipeline 3 is arranged on the energy storage end cover 35. The energy storage cavity is sequentially connected to the sampling tube 27 through the inner adapter 30. , the pressure transmission pipeline 3 is connected to the water storage chamber 22 and / or the storage chamber 26, and preferably, it also includes a stop valve 31 and an external adapter 32. The stop valve 31 is connected to the input end of the energy storage sleeve 33 through the external adapter 32. In this embodiment, the pressure value in the water storage chamber 22 and / or the storage chamber 26 is obtained by the pressure sensor 5. If the pressure value does not meet the pressure maintenance condition, the energy storage piston 34 is driven to move upward or downward to adjust the pressure of the water storage chamber 22 and / or the storage chamber 26 to ensure that the pressure inside the water storage chamber 22 and / or the storage chamber 26 meets the sample preservation requirements.

[0026] Specifically, the working principle and composition of the present invention are described as follows:

[0027] In this embodiment, the seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler is transported to the seafloor by ROV (remotely controlled submersible robot), and then the high-pressure ball valve is driven to be in an open state. Specifically, the high-pressure ball valve can be a solenoid valve or a hydraulic valve. When the high-pressure ball valve is a solenoid valve, an opening instruction is sent to the high-pressure ball valve through a communication module on the ship or in the ROV to drive the high-pressure ball valve to open. When the high-pressure ball valve is a hydraulic valve, the ROV is connected to the hydraulic joint reserved by the high-pressure ball valve to control the opening and closing of the high-pressure ball valve. When sampling begins, the penetration knife barrel 29 is driven to penetrate downward into the sediment layer, and the high-pressure ball valve is opened at the same time. Sediments and overlying water enter the storage chamber 26 of the sampling barrel 27 through the high-pressure ball valve. The coarse filter 25 constitutes the first filtration, and the fine filter 23 constitutes the second filtration, ensuring that the overlying water and sediment are completely separated. The one-way ball 24 is only opened during the sampling process, and is closed in the reverse direction to ensure that the overlying water will no longer mix with the sediment. When the seabed surface sediment fidelity sampler penetrates the target depth, the high-pressure ball valve is closed so that the sample is encapsulated in the sampling tube 27, and the sampling device is then extracted and recovered by ROV to achieve low-pollution, low-disturbance in-situ fidelity sampling of the seawater-sediment interface, avoid the pressure wave effect from dispersing the surface flocculent sediments, and achieve the purposes of stable sampling, on-site fidelity preservation, in-situ sample encapsulation, and avoidance of overlying water disturbance.

[0028] In this embodiment, high-pressure nitrogen is pre-filled into the energy storage sleeve 33 of the pressure maintenance module 1 on board. Specifically, before the seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler enters the ocean, the pressure equivalent to the sampling operation depth is pre-filled into the energy storage sleeve 33 of the pressure maintenance module 1, wherein the energy storage piston 34 moves downward; after the sediment and overlying water sampling is completed, the pressure maintenance module 1 is depressurized, the piston moves upward, the pressure in the sampling cylinder 27 is reduced, the gas in the sediment and overlying water is decomposed, and then the air valve under the air bag 4 is opened to achieve gas extraction. When collecting overlying water, the sampling knife barrel penetrates the sediment layer. When the storage chamber 26 is full of sediment, the overlying water is squeezed and filtered into the water storage chamber 22 through the coarse filter 25. This process does not require the accumulator to provide negative pressure. If negative pressure is provided to extract overlying water, pressure fluctuations will cause local disturbances. After the seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler is recovered by ROV, the sample is transferred step by step. First, the air valve under the air bag 4 is opened to collect gas samples. After the gas collection is completed, the air valve under the air bag 4 is closed, and the overlying water sample is collected from the interface on the side of the water storage chamber 22. In this embodiment, two hydraulic transfer interfaces are reserved on the wall of the sampling tube 27, which are used to connect the hydraulic control high-pressure ball valve of the ROV and the overlying water transfer respectively. When not in use, it is sealed by a sealing element to prevent sample leakage. Finally, the high-pressure ball valve is opened to transfer the sediment sample in the storage chamber 26, thereby realizing the layered transfer of gaseous, liquid and solid samples, avoiding the mixing of samples in different states and affecting the purity of the samples.

[0029] For those skilled in the art, various other corresponding changes and deformations can be made according to the technical solutions and concepts described above, and all of these changes and deformations should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler, characterized in that: It includes an in-situ sampling and packaging module for obtaining samples and a pressure maintaining module for adjusting the internal pressure of the in-situ sampling and packaging module. The in-situ sampling and packaging module includes a penetration component for penetrating the seabed surface, a sampling component for in-situ sampling and packaging, and a pressure sensor for detecting the internal pressure of the sampling component. The sampling assembly includes an air bag for collecting gas and a sampling cylinder with a hollow structure, the upper end of the sampling cylinder is connected to a sealed end cap, the lower end of the sealed end cap is provided with a water storage cavity for storing overlying water, the lower end of the water storage cavity is connected to a flow-stopping channel, the lower end of the flow-stopping channel is connected to a water inlet channel, the inner wall of the flow-stopping channel is inclined from the edge of the water inlet channel to the edge of the water storage cavity, the flow-stopping channel is provided with a one-way ball for preventing the overlying water in the water storage cavity from flowing out, the diameter of the one-way ball is larger than the inner diameter of the water inlet channel, the lower end of the water inlet channel is connected to a storage cavity for storing sediments, a coarse filter screen for filtering sediments is provided between the water inlet channel and the storage cavity, the lower end of the storage cavity is connected to a high-pressure valve group, the lower end of the high-pressure valve group is connected to the penetration assembly, the pressure sensor, the air bag and the pressure maintaining module are all connected to the water storage cavity and / or the storage cavity; and also includes an air valve, and the air bag is connected to the water storage cavity through the air valve.

2. The seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the water inlet channel is smaller than the inner diameter of the water storage cavity.

3. The seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure valve group is a high-pressure ball valve.

4. The seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fine filter screen, and the flow-stopping channel is connected to the water storage chamber through the fine filter screen.

5. The seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The penetration component comprises a penetration knife cylinder with a hollow structure, and the upper end of the knife cylinder is connected with the lower end of the storage cavity through a high-pressure valve group.

6. The seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure maintaining module includes an energy storage sleeve for providing pressure to the water storage chamber and a pressure transmission pipeline for transmitting pressure. The energy storage sleeve is provided with an energy storage cavity inside, and an energy storage piston is movably connected in the energy storage cavity. The output end of the energy storage sleeve is provided with an energy storage end cover, and the energy storage end cover is provided with an internal adapter connecting the energy storage cavity and the pressure transmission pipeline. The energy storage cavity is connected to the water storage chamber and / or the storage chamber in sequence through the internal adapter and the pressure transmission pipeline.

7. The seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a stop valve and an external adapter, wherein the stop valve is connected to the input end of the energy storage sleeve via the external adapter.

8. The seafloor surface sediment fidelity sampler as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a clamp, and the energy storage sleeve is connected to the sampling tube through the clamp.

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