Small offshore wind turbines that float and sink autonomously

Abstract

The invention discloses a small offshore wind turbine unit that can float and sink autonomously against the wind, comprising a trunk, a head and a floating and sinking platform. The head is installed on the upper end of the trunk for wind power generation, the floating and sinking platform is connected to the bottom of the trunk, the floating and sinking platform is suspended in the seawater below the sea level, and the floating and sinking platform holds the trunk in the vertical direction. Several floating body assemblies are arranged on the periphery of the floating and sinking platform in the horizontal direction, and the floating body assemblies have buoyancy that changes adaptively with depth fluctuations. The floating body assembly comprises an air bag, an air pump, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a pressure regulating valve and a float switch block. The air bag is fixed on the periphery of the floating and sinking platform, and an air pump is arranged in the air bag. The air pump extracts air from above the sea level through the air inlet pipe and injects it into the air bag. The air outlet pipe connects the internal space of the air bag and the atmospheric space above the sea level. A pressure regulating valve with adjustable flow resistance is arranged on the air outlet pipe. The air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are both provided with float switch blocks at the entrance and exit of the sea level, and the air inlet pipe has a surplus length from the sea level to the air bag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of wind turbine generator sets, in particular to a small offshore wind turbine set capable of autonomously floating and sinking in response to wind. Background Art

[0002] There is a lot of sea breeze at sea, and using sea breeze to generate wind power is an emerging clean energy.

[0003] In the prior art, offshore wind power generation is mostly generated by fixed units. Piles are driven as foundations at the location where power generation is required, and then wind turbines are built thereon. The construction workload is huge and it is not applicable to deep sea waters.

[0004] Sea breezes often have seasonal characteristics, so fixed offshore wind turbines often waste their usage time and can hardly generate electricity in fixed seasons.

[0005] There are also some wind turbines in the form of floating platforms. However, in order to ensure the stability of the units, the floating platforms are often made very large and are fixed to the seabed by ropes. The ropes and the seabed also need to be firmly connected, otherwise the entire floating platform will be easily impacted by ocean currents and shaken violently. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small offshore wind turbine unit that can float and sink autonomously to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A small offshore wind turbine unit that can float and sink autonomously against the wind comprises a trunk, a machine head and a floating and sinking platform. The machine head is installed on the upper end of the trunk for wind power generation, and the floating and sinking platform is connected to the lower part of the trunk. The floating and sinking platform is suspended in the sea water below the sea level and holds up the trunk in the vertical direction.

[0009] The main trunk supports the nose part, allowing it to face the wind on the sea surface for wind power generation. The present invention does not use the method of building a foundation on the seabed to support the unit, but uses a floating platform and its accessories to provide buoyancy to lift the entire unit. The floating platform sinks into the sea and hovers at an appropriate position. This appropriate position refers to a deeper depth below the sea surface. Because buoyancy is used to balance the gravity of the unit, the structural size of the buoyancy component is relatively large. If the floating platform and its accessories float directly on the sea level, they will be significantly affected by the ocean current. Near the sea level, the sea breeze blows the surface water to flow, and the fluidity is affected by the wind and the speed is different, so wind power generation can be carried out. The location is often a location with strong winds, and the surface water is very mobile. The present invention sinks the floating platform into the deep water position, and only allows a relatively thin trunk to pass through the surface water. Therefore, when the surface water flows through the trunk, the impact force on the entire unit is small. The water flow rate at the deep water position is low. Apart from the deep water undercurrent caused by the tidal force of the ocean as a whole and the large-scale temperature difference of the earth (this type of undercurrent generally occurs in a location far away from the continental shelf, and the wind turbine will not be set too far from the continental shelf), the sea breeze will not cause an impact at a location with more water depth. The floating platform hovers at this position and is not easily impacted by the ocean current, thereby providing stable buoyancy. The unit supported by buoyancy can be easily transferred to a setting position by a tugboat, and a suitable working location can be selected according to different seasons.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of floating body assemblies are arranged on the periphery of the floating and sinking platform in the horizontal direction, and the floating body assemblies have buoyancy that changes adaptively with depth fluctuations.

[0011] If the floating platform has only one buoyancy-providing component, the unit may be in danger of capsizing due to the impact of ocean currents. Therefore, multiple floating assemblies are arranged by extending horizontally outward. When the unit as a whole tilts to one side, the floating assembly with a tendency to sink increases its own drainage volume through itself or components such as connecting pipes, providing more buoyancy, thereby allowing the unit to return to a vertical state.

[0012] Furthermore, the floating body assembly includes an airbag, an air pump, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a pressure regulating valve and a float switch block. The airbag is fixed on the periphery of the floating platform. An air pump is arranged in the airbag. The air pump draws air from above the sea level through the air inlet pipe and injects it into the airbag. The air outlet pipe connects the internal space of the airbag and the atmospheric space above the sea level. A pressure regulating valve with adjustable flow resistance is arranged on the air outlet pipe. Float switch blocks are arranged at the entrance and exit of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe. The air inlet pipe has a surplus length from the sea level to the airbag.

[0013] The air bag is a drainage component. The more water is discharged, the greater the buoyancy. The vacuum pump draws out the atmosphere and fills it into the air bag to keep it at a certain volume. The inlet and outlet pipes serve as air paths to replenish and exhaust the air in the air bag respectively. The pressure regulating valve adjusts the pressure difference inside the air bag relative to the outlet of the outlet pipe. The outlet of the outlet pipe is directly connected to the atmosphere at sea level. The flow resistance of the pressure regulating valve is the gauge pressure inside the air bag. The greater the pressure inside the air bag, the larger the volume at the same depth in the sea water, providing greater buoyancy. The float switch block can cut off the connection between the outlet pipe and the atmosphere on the sea surface after it is completely immersed in water. The inlet pipe has a large surplus length, so even if the airbag connected below it sinks a little, the air intake of the air pump will not be affected. The outlet pipe has no length surplus, and its length is exactly equal to the distance from the airbag to the sea level. Therefore, once the connected airbag sinks a little due to disturbance, the exhaust of the airbag to the outside is cut off, and the air pump continues to run. More gas is stored in the airbag, and the volume expands slightly. It has greater buoyancy than other airbags, resists disturbances, and makes the unit return to the vertical state of the trunk. After fully returning to its original position, the end of the outlet pipe led out of this airbag re-floats on the sea surface, and the airbag is exhausted smoothly after passing through the pressure regulating valve, and the gas that is more than other airbags is discharged. The airbag returns to the same size again, providing buoyancy for the floating and sinking platform equally. The effect of autonomously adjusting the offset posture is achieved. The pressure of the pressure regulating valve corresponds to the internal pressure of the airbag, which also corresponds to the depth of the floating platform. When the unit is initially set up, the length of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe needs to be adjusted. Specifically, a larger pipe length can be manufactured. After determining the depth of the airbag, the excess length of the air outlet pipe can be reduced by bundling.

[0014] Furthermore, an air pipe float and a flow ball are provided at one end of the air outlet pipe close to the sea level, an air hole connected to the main air flow hole of the air outlet pipe is arranged inside the flow ball, the float switch block is in the shape of a lotus, a conical groove is arranged toward the center of the upper surface of the float switch block, the tip of the conical groove is at the bottom and connected to the lower surface of the float switch block through the through hole, the upper end of the air outlet pipe passes through the float switch block, the air pipe float is located below the float switch block, the flow ball is located in the conical groove, the air hole faces the inclined surface of the conical groove, and when the air pipe float hits the lower surface of the float switch block, a gap remains between the air hole and the inclined surface of the conical groove.

[0015] When the float switch block is located at sea level, the end of the air outlet pipe floats up due to the buoyancy directly provided by the air pipe float, and the flow ball is higher than the inclined surface of the cone-mouth groove, that is, the air hole in the flow ball that exhausts outward can be exhausted freely. At this time, the outer upper surface of the air pipe float contacts the lower surface of the float switch block. When the air outlet pipe is dragged into the water by the lower air bag, the float switch block moves upward due to the buoyancy. At this time, the flow ball contacts the cone-mouth groove, and the air hole is closed by the inclined surface of the cone-mouth groove. In order to better seal, A spherical groove that is compatible with the spherical surface of the flow-through ball can also be set on the inclined surface of the tapered groove. The outer upper surface of the tracheal float is separated from the lower surface of the float switch block by a certain distance. The gas in the airbag is almost reduced to atmospheric pressure after passing through the pressure regulating valve. Therefore, the opening force of the air hole on the float switch block is very small and will not exceed the upward buoyancy of the float switch block. Therefore, the air hole can be perfectly sealed by the tapered groove. During the subsequent gas injection process, the pressure of the airbag will maintain the pressure of the external water body, and the injected gas is used to increase the volume.

[0016] Furthermore, a one-way valve for the flow from the atmosphere to the airbag is provided on the air inlet pipe, and the air pump and the pressure regulating valve are interlocked and controlled. When the air pump is shut down, the pressure regulating valve is closed. This structure prevents the airbag from being quickly exhausted and losing buoyancy after the air pump is shut down due to power failure, causing the unit to sink into the water. When the air pump is shut down, the pressure regulating valve is closed to prevent the gas in the airbag from being discharged from the air outlet pipe, and the one-way valve on the air inlet pipe also prevents the gas from being discharged from the air pump and the air inlet pipe in the reverse direction.

[0017] Furthermore, the offshore wind turbine also includes a counter block, which is mounted on the trunk and floats at the sea level. The counter block is impacted by the water flow, so that the offshore wind turbine as a whole rotates around the vertical axis in the water. The counter block includes a floating block, a connecting tube, a rudder blade, a spring and a key. The key is in the shape of a long strip, and the key is vertically nailed to the trunk by screws. A floating block with a center hole is installed on the upper end of the connecting tube. A vertical keyway is set on the inner surface of the connecting tube. The connecting tube and the floating block are mounted on the trunk together. The keyway is aligned with the key, and the keyway width is greater than the key width. Two springs with the key as the symmetry line are set between the two side walls of the keyway and the two side walls of the key, and the rudder blade is set in the horizontal direction on the outer surface of the connecting tube.

[0018] The rudder blade is impacted by the water flow and gives the main trunk a rotational torque. The width of the two springs, keys, and keyways is larger than the key width and a spring is installed inside them in order to adapt to water flow fluctuations. Only when the rudder blade rotates and the keyway continuously presses the key in one direction, the main trunk is driven to rotate and the water flow fluctuations are eliminated by the spring.

[0019] The floating block allows the opposing block to float at the sea level, where the water flow is most affected by the sea breeze and has directionality. When the rudder blade area is sufficient, the impact and torque of the water flow can fully enable the entire unit to rotate on the spot to face the wind.

[0020] Furthermore, the end of the spring close to the key contacts the key through the rolling ball. The floating block may float up and down, so the depth of the trunk remains almost unchanged, and the spring and the key have a vertical sliding motion, and the friction is eliminated by the rolling ball.

[0021] Furthermore, the floating platform is also connected with an anchor cable, which locks the overall horizontal position of the unit to prevent the unit from drifting horizontally with the water flow.

[0022] Furthermore, the air bag is wrapped with a steel wire cover to protect the air bag and prevent large fish from reaching the outer surface of the air bag.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention uses an air bag of controllable size as a buoyancy component to provide controllable buoyancy to balance the gravity of the unit, the buoyancy component sinks into deeper water, and only the thinner trunk is impacted by the ocean current near the sea surface; when the entire unit is tilted, the air bag outlet pipe closes automatically to increase the pressure of the air bag, provide more buoyancy, and restore the vertical state of the unit. The unit floats on the water and is towed to the designed position by a tugboat. Afterwards, the air bag discharges part of the gas, and the unit sinks as a whole. When the buoyancy platform sinks to the expected position, the pressure in the air bag is maintained at a pressure that is compatible with the external water body through the pressure regulating valve, and the buoyancy provided just balances the gravity of the unit. Then, the nose of the unit is aimed at the sea breeze to generate electricity, and the unit can be conveniently towed by a tugboat to change the power generation position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the floating platform and the floating body assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the float switch block of the present invention at the end of the air outlet pipe when it floats on the sea surface;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the float switch block of the present invention at the end of the air outlet pipe after entering the sea;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the floating and sinking platform and the floating body assembly for tilt balancing of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the opposing block on the trunk in a front view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 6 View AA in.

[0032] In the figure: 1-trunk, 2-machine head, 3-opposing block, 31-floating block, 32-connecting tube, 321-keyway, 33-rudder blade, 34-spring, 35-key, 36-rolling ball, 4-floating and sinking platform, 5-floating body assembly, 51-air bag, 52-air pump, 53-inlet pipe, 531-surplus length, 54-outlet pipe, 541-trachea float, 542-flow ball, 543-air hole, 55-pressure regulating valve, 56-floating on-off block, 561-conical groove, 6-anchor cable, 91-shallow current, 92-deep current, 93-seabed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a small offshore wind turbine unit that can float and sink autonomously against the wind comprises a trunk 1, a head 2 and a floating and sinking platform 4. The head 2 is installed on the upper end of the trunk 1 for wind power generation. The floating and sinking platform 4 is connected to the bottom of the trunk 1. The floating and sinking platform 4 is suspended in the sea water below the sea level. The floating and sinking platform 4 holds up the trunk 1 in the vertical direction.

[0035] The trunk 1 supports the nose 2 so that it faces the wind on the sea surface for wind power generation. The present invention does not use the method of building a foundation on the seabed to support the unit, but uses a floating platform 4 and its accessories to provide buoyancy to lift the entire unit. The floating platform 4 sinks into the sea and hovers at an appropriate position. This appropriate position refers to a deeper depth below the sea surface. Because buoyancy is used to balance the gravity of the unit, the structural size of the buoyancy component is relatively large. If the floating platform 4 and its accessories float directly on the sea surface, they will be significantly affected by the ocean current. Near the sea level, the sea breeze blows the surface water (shallow ocean current 91) to flow, and the fluidity is affected by the wind and the speed is different, which can generate wind power. The location of the wind turbine is often a location with strong winds, and the surface water has strong fluidity. The present invention sinks the floating platform 4 into the deep water position, and only allows a relatively thin trunk 1 to pass through the surface water. Therefore, when the surface water flows through the trunk 1, the impact force on the whole unit is small. The water flow rate at the deep water position is low. Apart from the deep water undercurrent caused by the tidal force of the ocean as a whole and the large-scale temperature difference of the earth (this type of undercurrent generally occurs in a position far away from the continental shelf, and the wind turbine unit will not be set too far from the continental shelf), the sea breeze will not cause an impact at a location with a deeper water depth (deep sea current 92). The floating platform 4 hovers at this position and is not easily impacted by the sea current, thereby providing stable buoyancy. The unit supported by buoyancy can be easily transferred to the setting position by a tugboat, and a suitable working location can be selected according to different seasons.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of floating body assemblies 5 are arranged on the periphery of the floating and sinking platform 4 in the horizontal direction, and the floating body assemblies 5 have buoyancy that changes adaptively with depth fluctuations.

[0037] If the floating platform 4 has only one buoyancy-providing component, the unit may be in danger of capsizing due to the impact of ocean currents. Therefore, multiple floating assemblies 5 are arranged by extending horizontally outward. When the unit as a whole tilts to one side, the floating assembly 5 with a tendency to sink increases its own drainage volume through itself or components such as connecting pipes, provides more buoyancy, and thus restores the unit to a vertical state.

[0038] like Figures 2~5 As shown, the float assembly 5 includes an air bag 51, an air pump 52, an air inlet pipe 53, an air outlet pipe 54, a pressure regulating valve 55 and a float switch block 56. The air bag 51 is fixed to the periphery of the floating and sinking platform 4. The air pump 52 is arranged in the air bag 51. The air pump 52 draws air from above the sea level through the air inlet pipe 53 and injects it into the air bag 51. The air outlet pipe 54 connects the internal space of the air bag 51 and the atmospheric space above the sea level. The air outlet pipe 54 is provided with a pressure regulating valve 55 with adjustable flow resistance. The air inlet pipe 53 and the air outlet pipe 54 are both provided with float switch blocks 56 at the entrance and exit of the sea level. The air inlet pipe 53 has a surplus length 531 from the sea level to the air bag 51.

[0039] The airbag 51 is a drainage component. The more water is drained, the greater the buoyancy. The air pump 52 draws out the atmosphere and fills it into the airbag 51 to keep it at a certain volume. The inlet and outlet pipes are used as air paths to replenish and exhaust the air in the airbag. The pressure regulating valve 55 adjusts the pressure difference in the airbag 51 relative to the outlet of the outlet pipe 54. The outlet of the outlet pipe 54 is directly connected to the atmosphere at sea level. The flow resistance of the pressure regulating valve 55 is the gauge pressure in the airbag 51. The greater the pressure in the airbag 51, the greater the volume at the same depth in the seawater, providing greater buoyancy. The float switch block 56 can cut off the connection between the outlet pipe 54 and the atmosphere on the sea surface after it is completely immersed in water. Figure 5 As shown, the air inlet pipe 53 has a relatively large surplus length 531, so even if the airbag 51 connected thereto sinks a little, the air intake of the air pump 52 will not be affected. The air outlet pipe 54 has no surplus length, and its length is exactly equal to the distance from the airbag 51 to the sea level. Therefore, once the connected airbag 51 sinks a little due to disturbance, the exhaust of the airbag 51 to the outside is cut off, and the air pump 52 continues to operate. More gas is stored in the airbag 51, and the volume expands slightly, which has a greater buoyancy than other airbags 51, resisting disturbances, so that the unit returns to the vertical state of the trunk 1. After fully returning to its original position, the end of the air outlet pipe 54 led out of this airbag 51 floats out of the sea again, and the airbag 51 passes through the pressure regulating valve 55 to exhaust smoothly, and the excess gas compared to other airbags is discharged. The airbag 51 returns to the same size again, and equally provides buoyancy for the floating and sinking platform 4. The effect of autonomously adjusting the offset posture is achieved. The pressure of the pressure regulating valve 55 corresponds to the internal pressure of the airbag 51, and this pressure also corresponds to the depth of the floating platform 4. When the unit is initially set up, it is also necessary to adjust the length of the air inlet pipe 53 and the air outlet pipe 54. Specifically, a larger pipe length can be manufactured. After determining the depth of the airbag 51, the excess length of the air outlet pipe 54 can be reduced by bundling.

[0040] The end of the air outlet pipe 54 close to the sea level is provided with an air pipe float 541 and a flow ball 542. An air hole 543 connected to the main air flow hole of the air outlet pipe 54 is arranged inside the flow ball 542. The float switch block 56 is lotus-shaped. A conical groove 561 is arranged toward the center of the upper surface of the float switch block 56. The tip of the conical groove 561 is downward and connected to the lower surface of the float switch block 56 through a through hole. The upper end of the air outlet pipe 54 passes through the float switch block 56. The air pipe float 541 is located below the float switch block 56. The flow ball 542 is located in the conical groove 561. The air hole 543 faces the inclined surface of the conical groove 561. When the air pipe float 541 contacts the lower surface of the float switch block 56, a gap remains between the air hole 543 and the inclined surface of the conical groove 561.

[0041] When the float switch block 56 is located at sea level, the end of the air outlet pipe 54 floats up due to the buoyancy directly provided by the air pipe float 541, and the flow ball 542 is higher than the inclined surface of the conical groove 561, that is, the air hole 543 in the flow ball 542 for exhausting air outward can be exhausted freely. At this time, the outer upper surface of the air pipe float 541 contacts the lower surface of the float switch block 56. When the air outlet pipe 54 is dragged into the water by the lower air bag 51, the float switch block 56 moves upward due to the buoyancy. At this time, the flow ball 542 contacts the conical groove 561, and the air hole 543 is closed by the inclined surface of the conical groove 561. For better sealing, a spherical groove adapted to the spherical surface of the flow-through ball 542 can be set on the inclined surface of the tapered groove 561. The outer upper surface of the tracheal float 541 is separated from the lower surface of the float switch block 56 by a distance. The gas in the airbag 51 is almost reduced to atmospheric pressure after passing through the pressure regulating valve 55. Therefore, the opening force of the air hole 543 on the float switch block 56 is very small and will not exceed the upward buoyancy of the float switch block 56. Therefore, the air hole 543 can be perfectly sealed by the tapered groove 561. During the subsequent gas injection process, the pressure of the airbag 51 will maintain the pressure of the external water body, and the injected gas is used to increase the volume.

[0042] A one-way valve for the flow from the atmosphere to the airbag 51 is provided on the air inlet pipe 53, and the air pump 52 is interlocked with the pressure regulating valve 55. When the air pump 52 is shut down, the pressure regulating valve 55 is closed. This structure prevents the airbag 51 from being quickly exhausted and losing buoyancy after the air pump 52 is shut down due to power failure, causing the unit to sink into the water. When the air pump 52 is shut down, the pressure regulating valve 55 is closed to prevent the gas in the airbag 51 from being discharged from the air outlet pipe 54, and the one-way valve on the air inlet pipe 53 also prevents the gas from being discharged from the air pump 52 and the air inlet pipe 53 in the reverse direction.

[0043] like Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the offshore wind turbine also includes a counter block 3, which is mounted on the trunk 1 and floats at the sea level. The counter block 3 is impacted by the water flow, so that the offshore wind turbine as a whole rotates around the vertical axis in the water. The counter block 3 includes a floating block 31, a connecting tube 32, a rudder blade 33, a spring 34 and a key 35. The key 35 is in a long strip shape and is vertically nailed to the trunk 1 by screws. The upper end of the connecting tube 32 is equipped with a floating block 31 with a center hole. A vertical key slot 321 is arranged on the inner surface of the connecting tube 32. The connecting tube 32 and the floating block 31 are sleeved on the trunk 1 together. The key slot 321 is aligned with the key 35. The width of the key slot 321 is greater than the width of the key 35. Two springs 34 with the key 35 as the symmetry line are arranged between the two side walls of the key slot 321 and the two side walls of the key 35. The rudder blade 33 is arranged on the outer surface of the connecting tube 32 in the horizontal direction.

[0044] The rudder blade 33 is impacted by the water flow and gives a rotational torque to the trunk 1. The width of the two springs 34, the key 35, and the key slot 321 is larger than the key width of the key 35 and a spring is installed therein. This is to adapt to water flow fluctuations. Only when the rudder blade 33 rotates so that the key slot 321 continuously presses the key 35 from one direction, the trunk 1 is driven to rotate, and the water flow fluctuations are eliminated by the spring 34.

[0045] The floating block 31 allows the opposing block 3 to float at the sea level, where the water flow is most affected by the sea breeze and has directionality. When the area of ​​the rudder blade 33 is sufficient, the impact and torque of the water flow can fully make the entire unit rotate in place to face the wind.

[0046] One end of the spring 34 near the key 35 contacts the key 35 through the ball 36. The floating block 31 may float up and down, so the depth of the trunk 1 is almost unchanged, and the spring 34 and the key 35 have a vertical sliding, and the friction is eliminated by the ball 36.

[0047] The floating platform 4 is also connected with an anchor cable 6. The anchor cable 6 locks the overall horizontal position of the unit to prevent the unit from drifting horizontally with the water flow. The anchor cable 6 hooks and pulls the rocks on the seabed 93, etc.

[0048] The air bag 51 is wrapped with a steel wire cover, which protects the air bag 51 and prevents large fish from reaching the outer surface of the air bag 51.

[0049] The main operation process of this device is: a large amount of gas is first injected into the airbag 51, the unit floats on the water surface and is towed to the designed position by a tugboat. After that, the airbag 51 discharges part of the gas, the unit sinks as a whole, and when the buoyancy platform 4 sinks to the expected position, the pressure regulating valve 55 is used to maintain the pressure in the airbag 51 to be adapted to the external water body, and the buoyancy provided just balances the gravity of the unit. Then, the head 2 is aimed at the sea breeze to generate electricity, and the electrical energy can be stored or transmitted over long distances through cables.

[0050] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and range of equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A small offshore wind turbine that can float and sink autonomously, characterized by: The offshore wind turbine unit comprises a trunk (1), a head (2) and a floating platform (4); the head (2) is mounted on the upper end of the trunk (1) for wind power generation; the floating platform (4) is connected below the trunk (1); the floating platform (4) is suspended in the seawater below the sea level; and the floating platform (4) holds up the trunk (1) in a vertical direction; The offshore wind turbine generator set further comprises a facing block (3), wherein the facing block (3) is mounted on the trunk (1), the facing block (3) floats at the sea level, and the facing block (3) is impacted by the water flow, so that the offshore wind turbine generator set as a whole rotates around a vertical axis in the water; The opposing block (3) comprises a floating block (31), a connecting tube (32), a rudder blade (33), a spring (34) and a key (35); the key (35) is in the shape of a long strip and is vertically fixed to the trunk (1) by screws; a floating block (31) with a center hole is installed on the upper end of the connecting tube (32); a vertical key slot (321) is arranged on the inner surface of the connecting tube (32); the connecting tube (32) and the floating block (31) are sleeved on the trunk (1) together; the key slot (321) is aligned with the key (35); the slot width of the key slot (321) is greater than the key width of the key (35); two springs (34) are arranged between the two side walls of the key slot (321) and the two side walls of the key (35) with the key (35) as a symmetry line; and the rudder blade (33) is arranged on the outer surface of the connecting tube (32) in a horizontal direction; A plurality of floating body assemblies (5) are arranged on the periphery of the floating and sinking platform (4) in the horizontal direction, and the floating body assemblies (5) have a buoyancy that changes adaptively with depth fluctuations; The floating body assembly (5) comprises an air bag (51), an air pump (52), an air inlet pipe (53), an air outlet pipe (54), a pressure regulating valve (55) and a float switch block (56). The air bag (51) is fixed to the periphery of the floating platform (4). The air pump (52) is arranged in the air bag (51). The air pump (52) extracts air from above the sea level through the air inlet pipe (53) and injects the air into the air bag (51). The air outlet pipe (54) connects the internal space of the air bag (51) and the atmospheric space above the sea level. The air outlet pipe (54) is provided with a pressure regulating valve (55) with adjustable flow resistance. The air inlet pipe (53) and the air outlet pipe (54) are both provided with float switch blocks (56) at the entrance and exit of the sea level. The air inlet pipe (53) has a surplus length (531) from the sea level to the air bag (51). The end of the air outlet pipe (54) close to the sea level is provided with an air pipe float (541) and a flow ball (542), an air hole (543) connected to the main air flow hole of the air outlet pipe (54) is arranged inside the flow ball (542), the float switch block (56) is lotus-shaped, and a conical groove (561) is arranged toward the center of the upper surface of the float switch block (56), the tip of the conical groove (561) is downward and connected to the float switch block (561) through a through hole. 56), the upper end of the air outlet pipe (54) penetrates the float on-off block (56), the air pipe float (541) is located below the float on-off block (56), the flow ball (542) is located in the conical groove (561), the air hole (543) faces the inclined surface of the conical groove (561), and when the air pipe float (541) contacts the lower surface of the float on-off block (56), a gap is left between the air hole (543) and the inclined surface of the conical groove (561).

2. According to claim 1, a small offshore wind turbine unit that can float and sink autonomously facing the wind is characterized by: One end of the spring (34) close to the key (35) contacts the key (35) via a rolling ball (36).

3. The small offshore wind turbine unit capable of autonomously floating and sinking in response to the wind according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The floating and sinking platform (4) is also connected to an anchor cable (6).

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