A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate

Abstract

The present invention provides a water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate, comprising a soil sample chamber, a first screw and a T-shaped rod; the soil sample chamber comprises a soil sample cavity, a gasket and a bottom plate. A first screw hole is provided in the center of the gasket and the bottom plate, and the first screw and the first screw hole are engaged with each other to be fixed to the bottom plate. When in use, the first screw is first rotated to separate it from the soil sample chamber, and the T-shaped rod is inserted from the first screw hole to support the soil sample from the bottom and put it into the soil sample chamber. Subsequently, the T-shaped rod is pulled out of the first screw hole, and the first screw is rotated to fix it to the bottom plate, and then the soil separation rate of the soil sample is measured. The device of the present invention is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and has a good water-stopping effect. The first screw is screwed into the soil sample chamber, and the soil sample chamber can be quickly and conveniently water-stopped. At the same time, combined with the T-shaped rod, the soil sample can be easily put in and taken out of the soil sample chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soil erosion research, and in particular to a water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion can be considered as a synonym for soil loss, that is, the separation, transportation and loss of soil caused by rain and wind. Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems facing the world. Every year, the world loses about 50,000 km2 of cultivated land due to soil erosion, causing direct economic losses of 100 billion US dollars. my country is one of the countries with the most serious soil erosion in the world. Due to my country's special terrain conditions, widespread sloping farmland, uneven precipitation distribution in time and space, long-term unreasonable reclamation, and a series of factors such as rapid economic development in recent decades, soil erosion has become my country's number one environmental problem. Therefore, effectively solving the problem of soil erosion and strengthening scientific research related to soil erosion are of great significance to promoting the coordinated development of my country's social economy and achieving a sustainable development strategy.

[0003] Soil erosion includes three major processes: soil separation, sediment transport and deposition. The soil separation process refers to the separation of soil particles from the soil parent material under the action of rainfall splashing and runoff scouring, providing a material basis for the subsequent soil transport and deposition process. The soil separation rate refers to the amount of soil lost per unit time and per unit area under the action of runoff scouring. It is a quantitative parameter to measure the speed of soil separation.

[0004] The determination of soil separation rate is usually completed by conducting a slope soil separation process in a scouring trough. Wang Kai et al. (2018) introduced an experimental device for measuring soil separation rate in "Study on Soil Separation Rate on Yellow Soil Slope". The upper end of the water trough of the device is equipped with an energy dissipation tank, and the water supply system consists of a water reservoir, a water pump, a valve group, a sedimentation tank and a pipeline. Before the experiment, a ring knife is used to collect soil samples so that the surface of the soil layer is flush with the bottom of the ring knife. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the soil in the ring knife cannot be disturbed during transportation. During the experiment, the soil sample is loaded into the soil sample chamber located at the upper end of the water trough outlet, and the soil sample surface at the upper boundary of the soil sample chamber is kept flush with the bottom of the water trough. Then the scouring experiment is started. After the experiment, the soil sample is taken out, and the flushed soil sample is placed in an oven and dried at 105°C for 24 hours before being weighed. Soil separation rate (D r ,kgm -2 s -1 ) can be calculated as follows (Formula 1):

[0005]

[0006] Where: M0 is the dry weight of the original soil sample; M f is the dry weight of soil sample after flushing; A is the surface area of ​​soil sample by ring cutter; t is the flushing time.

[0007] The existing soil sample chamber is currently equipped with a rectangular iron bar at the bottom to facilitate loading and taking out of the soil sample and minimize disturbance to the soil sample, which will cause measurement errors. It is difficult to stop water when measuring the soil separation rate. A large amount of water flows out of the soil sample chamber, which will affect the experimental results. There is no relevant research on how to solve the problem of water leakage in the soil sample chamber and facilitate the loading and taking out of soil samples to avoid disturbance of soil samples and cause experimental errors. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a water-stopping device, which effectively solves the problem of water leakage caused by using a traditional soil sample chamber in a soil separation rate determination experiment.

[0009] A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate comprises a soil sample chamber, a first screw and a T-shaped rod; the soil sample chamber comprises a soil sample cavity, a gasket and a bottom plate; the soil sample cavity is connected from top to bottom, the upper part is a hollow tubular column, the lower part is a hollow concentric disk, the upper and lower bottoms are flush and coaxial, the upper outer diameter is tightly combined with the lower inner diameter, the gasket and the bottom plate have the same outer diameter as the lower disk of the soil sample chamber, a first screw hole is arranged at the center of the gasket and the bottom plate, the first screw and the first screw hole are engaged with each other to be fixed to the bottom plate, the first screw has a threaded part whose length is greater than the thickness of the bottom plate to engage with the first screw hole; a plurality of second screw holes are arranged at the same position at the lower part of the soil sample chamber, the gasket and the edge of the bottom plate, the soil sample cavity, the gasket and the bottom plate are connected by a plurality of second screws matching the second screw holes; the diameter of the T-shaped rod is smaller than the aperture of the first screw hole, and the length is greater than the total height of the soil sample chamber to penetrate the soil sample chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the threaded portion of the first screw has a length of 1-2 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the first screw is an M8 hexagonal screw.

[0012] Preferably, the screw rod portion of the first screw is tightly wrapped with polytetrafluoroethylene raw tape.

[0013] Preferably, the second screw is an M5 hexagonal screw.

[0014] Preferably, the soil sample cavity is 5 cm high, the upper tubular column has an inner diameter of 10 cm and an outer diameter of 12 cm, the lower disc has an inner diameter of 12 cm and an outer diameter of 16 cm; the bottom plate is 1 cm thick, and the diameter of the first screw hole is 0.8 cm; the T-shaped rod is 12 cm long, 0.5 cm in diameter, and the T-shaped head is 5 cm wide.

[0015] Preferably, the number of the second screw holes is 3-5.

[0016] Preferably, the end of the T-shaped rod is rounded by a grinder.

[0017] Preferably, the soil sample chamber and the bottom plate are made of plexiglass.

[0018] Preferably, the T-shaped rod is made of stainless steel.

[0019] The present invention solves the water leakage problem when using the traditional soil sample chamber by adding a water-stopping structure to the existing soil sample chamber. During long-term use, the first screw may wear out, reducing the water-stopping efficiency of the device and also affecting the fixation of the first screw and the soil sample chamber. When in use, wrapping a raw tape around the first screw can reduce wear and avoid affecting the water-stopping efficiency.

[0020] When filling the soil sample, insert a T-shaped rod from the bottom of the soil sample chamber, support the soil sample from the bottom, and slowly put the soil sample into the soil sample chamber. After the soil sample is put into the soil sample chamber, pull the T-shaped rod out of the central small hole, and screw the first screw from the bottom of the soil sample chamber into the first screw hole to fix it with the soil sample chamber; after the soil separation rate of the soil sample is determined, remove the first screw from the bottom of the soil sample chamber, insert the T-shaped rod into the first screw hole, push the T-shaped rod, and push the soil sample out of the soil sample chamber, thereby removing the soil sample. Using this method to fill and remove soil samples can avoid disturbing the internal structure and shape of the soil and causing experimental errors, and the operation is simple, and a large number of repeated tests can be carried out, saving manpower and material resources, and improving test efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The following is a brief description of the contents expressed in the drawings of the specification:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a water-stopping device used for measuring soil separation rate in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the soil sample room in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a top view schematic diagram of the soil sample room in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the water-stopping device used for measuring soil separation rate in the present invention.

[0026] Description of Reference Numerals

[0027] 1-soil sample chamber, 2-first screw, 3-T-bar, 11-soil sample cavity, 12-gasket, 13-bottom plate, 14-second screw hole, 15-first screw hole, 16-second screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "middle", "outer", "inner", and "all around" orientations or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] The present invention is a water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a soil sample chamber 1, a first screw 2 and a T-shaped rod 3.

[0031] The first screw 2 is a common M8 hexagonal screw with an outer diameter of 0.8 cm, which is easy to buy in the market. The length of the threaded portion of the first screw 2 needs to be between 1 cm and 2 cm.

[0032] The T-shaped rod 3 is made of a smooth stainless steel rod with a diameter of 0.5 cm, a length of 12 cm, a T-shaped head width of 5 cm, and the end of the T-shaped rod is rounded by a grinder to avoid scratching the thread in the first screw hole 15 and affecting the water-stopping effect.

[0033] The soil sample room 1 is mainly used to place soil samples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the soil sample chamber 1 includes a soil sample cavity 11, a gasket 12 and a bottom plate 13. The soil sample cavity 11 is made of organic glass, which is connected from top to bottom. The upper part is a tubular column made of an organic glass tube with an inner diameter of 10 cm and an outer diameter of 12 cm. The lower part is an organic glass concentric circular plate with an outer diameter of 16 cm, an inner diameter of 12 cm and a thickness of 1 cm. The bottoms of the upper and lower parts are flush and coaxial, and the upper outer diameter is tightly combined with the lower inner diameter. The overall height of the soil sample cavity is 5 cm. The gasket 12 is a rubber pad with a diameter of 16 cm and a thickness of 0.3 cm. The gasket 12 is located between the soil sample cavity 11 and the bottom plate 13, and mainly plays the role of preventing the soil sample cavity 11 and the bottom plate 13 from leaking. The bottom plate 13 is an organic glass circular plate with a diameter of 16 cm and a thickness of 1 cm.

[0034] A first screw hole 15 is provided in the center of the gasket 12 and the bottom plate 13. Preferably, the first screw hole is an M8 screw hole. A thread with a diameter of 0.8 cm is drilled in the center of the bottom plate 13 with a dental drill of corresponding diameter so that it can engage with the M8 screw.

[0035] Among them, four second screw holes 14 are provided at the same position of the lower part of the soil sample cavity 11, the gasket 12 and the edge of the bottom plate 13. Preferably, the second screw holes 14 are M5 screw holes.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the soil sample cavity 11, the gasket 12 and the bottom plate 13 are fixed by a second screw 16. Preferably, the second screw 16 is an M5 screw used in conjunction with an M5 wing nut.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, the first screw 2 achieves water stopping and fixation of the soil sample chamber 1 by rotating and engaging with the thread in the first screw hole 15 of the bottom plate 13. The first screw 2 has a thread length greater than the thickness of the bottom plate 13 to complete the fixation and water stopping functions with the bottom plate 13. Since the first screw 2 will be repeatedly installed and disassembled during the experiment, the thread in the first screw hole 15 will wear out during long-term use, reducing the water stopping efficiency of the device. To solve this problem, polytetrafluoroethylene raw tape is used in combination with the first screw 2 on this basis. The raw tape is a common specification raw tape in the market. When in use, the raw tape is wrapped around the screw portion of the first screw 2 to enhance the water stopping effect of the first screw 2. In addition, when the thread in the first screw hole 15 is worn, the raw tape helps to tightly fix the first screw 2 to the bottom plate 13.

[0038] It should be further explained that the length of the T-shaped rod 3 needs to be longer than the total height of the soil sample chamber 1 so as to achieve the filling and removal of the soil sample by pushing and pulling the T-shaped rod.

[0039] When using the water-stopping device of the present invention to conduct an experiment for measuring soil separation rate, first rotate the first screw 2 to separate it from the soil sample chamber 1, insert the T-shaped rod 3 from the first screw hole 15, support the soil sample from the bottom, and slowly put the soil sample into the soil sample chamber 1 along the opening direction of the soil sample cavity 11, so that the bottom of the soil sample directly contacts the gasket 12. After the soil sample is placed in the soil sample chamber 1, pull the T-shaped rod 3 out of the first screw hole 15, wrap the first screw 2 with polytetrafluoroethylene raw tape, and rotate the first screw 2 to fix it with the bottom plate 13, which can effectively stop the water in the soil sample chamber 1, and then measure the soil separation rate of the soil sample. After the soil separation rate of the soil sample is determined, remove the first screw 2 from the bottom of the soil sample chamber 1, insert the T-shaped rod 2 into the first screw hole 15, push the T-shaped rod 2, push the soil sample out of the soil sample chamber 1, and smoothly remove the soil sample so that subsequent experiments and measurements can be carried out on the soil sample.

[0040] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate, characterized in that: The device comprises a soil sample chamber (1), a first screw (2) and a T-shaped rod (3); the soil sample chamber (1) comprises a soil sample cavity (11), a gasket (12) and a bottom plate (13); the soil sample cavity (11) is connected from top to bottom, the upper part is a hollow tubular column, the lower part is a hollow concentric disk, the upper and lower bottoms are flush and coaxial, the upper outer diameter is tightly combined with the lower inner diameter, the gasket (12) and the bottom plate (13) have the same outer diameter as the lower disk of the soil sample chamber (11), the gasket (12) and the bottom plate (13) are provided with a first screw hole (15) at the center, the first screw (2) and the first screw hole (15) are engaged with each other to be fixed to the bottom plate (13), and the first screw (15) is fixed to the bottom plate (13). 2) a threaded portion having a length greater than the thickness of the bottom plate (13) so as to engage with the first screw hole (15); the screw rod portion of the first screw (2) is tightly wrapped with polytetrafluoroethylene raw tape; the first screw (2) is an M8 hexagonal screw; a plurality of second screw holes (14) are provided at the same position of the lower part of the soil sample chamber (11), the gasket (12) and the edge of the bottom plate (13); the soil sample chamber (11), the gasket (12) and the bottom plate (13) are connected by a plurality of second screws (16) matching the second screw holes; the diameter of the T-shaped rod (3) is smaller than the hole diameter of the first screw hole (15), and the length is greater than the total height of the soil sample chamber (1) so as to penetrate the soil sample chamber (1).

2. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thread length of the first screw (2) is 1-2 cm.

3. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second screw (16) is an M5 hexagonal screw.

4. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil sample cavity (11) has a height of 5 cm, an inner diameter of the upper tubular column of 10 cm and an outer diameter of 12 cm, and an inner diameter of the lower disc of 12 cm and an outer diameter of 16 cm; the bottom plate (13) has a thickness of 1 cm, and the diameter of the first screw hole (15) is 0.8 cm; the T-shaped rod (3) has a length of 12 cm, a diameter of 0.5 cm, and a width of 5 cm for the T-shaped head.

5. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the second screw holes (14) is 3-5.

6. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the T-shaped rod (3) is rounded by a grinder.

7. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil sample chamber (1) and the bottom plate (13) are made of organic glass.

8. A water-stopping device for measuring soil separation rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the T-shaped rod (3) is stainless steel.

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