A plane spiral tooth cylindrical gear, processing device and processing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a planar spiral tooth line cylindrical gear, a processing device and a processing method thereof. The tooth line processing path of the gear is a planar spiral line after being unfolded along a plane. The processing device comprises a fixed table, a rotating cutter disc is rotatably connected to the fixed table, a cutting assembly for cutting a blank is connected to the rotating cutter disc, the cutting assembly comprises a plurality of cutting rods arranged on the rotating cutter disc, cutting blades are connected to the cutting rods, the central axis of the cutting blades is flush with the central axis of the cutting rods, and a gear connecting assembly, the gear connecting assembly comprises a sliding seat that can slide forward and backward along the fixed table, a connecting seat that can slide left and right is connected to the sliding seat, and a turntable is rotatably connected to the connecting seat; the gear transmission processed by the invention is more stable and the processing efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gear manufacturing, in particular to a plane spiral tooth line cylindrical gear, a processing device and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cylindrical gear transmission is the most widely used power transmission mechanism. The transmission performance of gears can be improved by optimizing tooth lines. Planar spiral tooth line cylindrical gears have large load-bearing capacity, smooth meshing, large overlap, no axial force, and are insensitive to installation errors. They have better transmission characteristics and load-bearing capacity than traditional gears. However, the current processing method of circular wheel tooth line cylindrical gears is imperfect. The processing method used is inefficient and time-consuming. In addition, the normal tooth groove width of the circular wheel gear processed by this method is equal, while the circumferential tooth groove width is unequal, and the tooth profile pressure angle at different circumferential section pitch circles is unequal, resulting in unstable gear meshing and high noise. Due to the unequal radius from the cutting edge on both sides of the rotating cutter blade to the center of rotation, the radius of the concave tooth surface processed will be larger than the radius of the convex tooth surface, and the gear pair can only achieve point contact, which limits the load-bearing capacity of the tooth line cylindrical gear. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0004] In view of the above and / or existing problems in the existing gear manufacturing, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a plane helical tooth cylindrical gear, a processing device and a processing method thereof, which have a large load-bearing capacity.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a planar spiral tooth cylindrical gear, wherein the tooth thickness of the normal section of the gear is equal, and its tooth line processing path is a planar spiral line after being unfolded along the plane, and the polar coordinate equation of the planar spiral line is r=S0-0.5*m*θ, S0 represents the initial radius of the spiral line, m represents the gear module, θ represents the angle between a point on the spiral and the positive direction of the X-axis, and r represents the radius from a point on the spiral to the center of the circle.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the plane spiral tooth cylindrical gear of the present invention, wherein: the gear is arranged with a plurality of gear teeth, the gear teeth have a concave tooth surface and a convex tooth surface, and the tooth surface radius R of the concave tooth surface N and the tooth surface radius R of the concave tooth surface W The relationship between them is, In this design, on the one hand, the gear contact line is distributed as much as possible in the middle of the gear teeth to reduce stress concentration. On the other hand, it can effectively reduce the gear force imbalance caused by errors caused by gear processing and manual installation.

[0008] A device for machining a plane spiral tooth cylindrical gear, comprising:

[0009] Fixed table;

[0010] A rotating cutter disc, the rotating cutter disc being rotatably connected to a fixed platform;

[0011] A cutting assembly, the cutting assembly comprising a plurality of cutting rods arranged on a rotating cutter disc, the cutting rods being connected with cutting blades, the central axis of the cutting blades being flush with the central axis of the cutting rods;

[0012] The gear connecting assembly comprises a sliding seat which can slide forward and backward along the fixed platform, the sliding seat is connected to a connecting seat which can slide left and right, and the connecting seat is rotatably connected to a turntable.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the processing device of the present invention, the distance between the central axis of the nth cutting tool rod and the central axis of the rotating cutter disc is n is not less than 1, K=n-1.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the processing device of the present invention, the angle between two adjacent cutting blades is n' is the number of cutting tool bars.

[0015] The method for machining a gear using a machining device comprises the following steps:

[0016] Control the connecting seat to move in the left and right directions, so that the distance between the center of the gear blank and the center of the rotating cutter head is S0, and the connecting seat stops moving;

[0017] Control the gear blank to rotate at an angular velocity w1, and the rotary cutter head to rotate at an angular velocity w2;

[0018] The sliding seat is controlled to move toward the direction of the rotating cutter disc, so that the gear blank is fed toward the direction of the cutting blade. After one circle of teeth is processed, the connecting seat drives the turntable to continue to feed toward the direction of the rotating cutter disc, and the processing continues until all the tooth shapes are initially cut out;

[0019] Carry out gear developing process.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the processing method of the present invention, the relationship between the angular velocity w1 and the angular velocity w2 is: Z is the number of teeth of the gear to be processed.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the processing method of the present invention, when the right tooth surface of the gear is subjected to the generating process,

[0022] The cutting blade reaches the bottom of the processed tooth shape, the rotating cutter head rotates clockwise at an angular velocity w2, the gear blank rotates clockwise at an angular velocity (ω1+ω′) and moves linearly along the positive direction of the X-axis at a speed V1=ω′*R to complete the development processing of the right tooth surface. ω′ is the angular velocity added to the original angular velocity of the gear blank, and R is the gear pitch circle radius.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the processing method of the present invention, when the left tooth surface of the gear is subjected to the generating process,

[0024] The cutting blade reaches the bottom of the processed tooth shape, the rotating cutter head rotates clockwise at an angular velocity w2, the gear blank rotates clockwise at an angular velocity (ω1-ω′) and moves linearly along the negative direction of the X-axis at a speed V1=ω'*R to complete the development processing of the left tooth surface.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the meshing characteristics of the gears in the present invention have a pair of gears whose contact tooth surface contact lines are distributed in the middle 80% to 90%, and the two ends of the gear teeth are slightly suspended, reducing the stress concentration at the tooth roots at both ends of the gear teeth; this contact mode causes the middle gear tooth surface to be subjected to greater force, while the force on the gear teeth at both ends gradually decreases, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the gears and making the transmission between gears smoother; when the processing device in the present invention is used to process the gears, the tooth shape is first processed, and then the developing process is performed to further modify the shape, and continuous tooth cutting is achieved during the cutting process, with high processing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0027] Figure 1 It is a cylindrical development diagram of the plane spiral tooth line on the cylindrical gear in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the meshing assembly of the plane spiral tooth cylindrical gears with a diameter of 110 mm and a diameter of 240 mm in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is the front view of the processing device in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 The three-dimensional structure of the processing device in the present invention Figure 1 .

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0033] Figure 7 The three-dimensional structure of the processing device in the present invention Figure 2 .

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of initial gear processing in the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 9 The figure is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the convex tooth surface development process of the gear in the present invention.

[0036] Fig.10 The figure is a schematic diagram showing the principle of developing the concave tooth surface of a gear in the present invention.

[0037] Fig.11 It is the principle diagram of the cutting blade in the present invention.

[0038] Fig.12 It is the trajectory diagram of the cutting blade in the present invention.

[0039] In the figure, 100 is a fixed table, 200 is a rotating cutter disc, 201 is a connecting hole, 300 is a cutting assembly, 301 is a fixed rod, 301a is a fixed countersunk hole, 302 is a cutting rod, 303 is a bevel pressure block, 304 is a cutting blade, 305 is a fixing bolt, 306 is a fixing sleeve, 307 is a connecting block, 308 is a connecting rod, 308a is a connecting countersunk hole, 309 is a connecting bolt, 400 is a gear blank, 500 is a gear connecting assembly, 501 is a turntable, 502 is a connecting seat, 503 is a sliding seat, and 600 is a driving motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0042] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a plane spiral tooth cylindrical gear, most of its contact lines are distributed in the middle position of the gear teeth, and the gear transmission is more stable.

[0045] A plane spiral tooth line cylindrical gear, the normal section tooth thickness is equal, the tooth line processing path thereof is a plane spiral line after being unfolded along the plane, the polar coordinate equation of the plane spiral line is r=S0-0.5*m*θ, S0 represents the initial radius of the spiral line, m represents the gear module, θ represents the angle between a certain point on the spiral and the positive direction of the X-axis, and r represents the radius from a certain point on the spiral to the center of the circle.

[0046] Furthermore, the gear is arranged with a plurality of gear teeth, the gear teeth having a concave tooth surface and a convex tooth surface, and the tooth surface radius R of the concave tooth surface N and the tooth surface radius R of the concave tooth surface W The relationship between them is, In this design, on the one hand, the gear contact line is distributed as much as possible in the middle of the gear teeth to reduce stress concentration. On the other hand, it can effectively reduce the gear force imbalance caused by errors caused by gear processing and manual installation.

[0047] The gear meshing characteristics in the present application are that the gear contact line is mainly distributed in the middle 80% to 90% area of ​​the contact tooth surface of a pair of gears, and the two ends of the gear teeth are slightly suspended, reducing the stress concentration at the tooth roots at both ends of the gear teeth; this contact mode makes the middle surface of the gear teeth subject to greater force, and the force at both ends of the gear teeth gradually decreases, which reduces the gear pair transmission unbalanced load, improves the gear's load-bearing capacity, and makes the transmission between gears smoother.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Reference Figure 3 to Figure 7 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment provides a processing device for a plane spiral tooth cylindrical gear, which can assist in completing the processing of the gear.

[0050] A device for processing a planar spiral toothed cylindrical gear, the device for processing a planar spiral toothed cylindrical gear, comprising a fixed table 100, to which a rotating cutter disc 200 is rotatably connected, to which a driving motor 600 is fixedly connected, the driving motor 600 is connected to the rotating cutter disc 200, to which a cutting assembly 300 for cutting a blank is connected, and to which a gear connecting assembly 500 for mounting a gear blank 400 is also connected.

[0051] Furthermore, the cutting assembly 300 includes a plurality of cutting rods 302 arranged on the rotating cutter disc 200, and the cutting rods 302 are connected with cutting blades 304, the central axis of the cutting blades 304 is flush with the central axis of the cutting rods 302, and the angle between two adjacent cutting blades 304 is n′ is the number of cutting rods 302 . In this embodiment, 8 cutting rods 302 are provided. The number of cutting rods 302 is not limited to 8 in this embodiment. The number range of the cutting rods 302 is not less than 3 and not more than 16.

[0052] Furthermore, the gear connection assembly 500 includes a sliding seat 503 that can slide back and forth along the fixed table 100, and the sliding seat 503 is connected to a connecting seat 502 that can slide left and right, and the connecting seat 502 is rotatably connected to a turntable 501. A motor that drives the turntable 501 to rotate is installed in the connecting seat 502. The motor is not drawn, which is the prior art. The gear blank 400 to be processed is installed on the turntable 501.

[0053] Furthermore, the position of the cutting tool rod 302 relative to the center of the rotating cutter disc 200 is adjustable, and the connection structure of the cutting tool rod 302 and the rotating cutter disc 200 is specifically as follows: a plurality of connection grooves and pressure grooves corresponding to the connection grooves are arranged on the rotating cutter disc 200, a plurality of connection blocks 307 corresponding to the connection grooves are arranged on the periphery of the rotating cutter disc 200, a plurality of connection rods 308 are threadedly connected to the connection blocks 307, one end of the connection rod 308 extends into the connection groove, and a fixed connection rod 308 is connected to the rotating cutter disc 200 at one end of the connection groove away from the connection rod 308. A connecting hole 201 is opened in the center of the fixed sleeve 306, and a plurality of fixing rods 301 are threadedly connected to the fixed sleeve 306. One end of the fixing rod 301 away from the connecting rod 308 is threadedly connected to the rotating cutter disc 200 and communicated with the connecting hole 201. An inclined pressure block 303 is connected to the pressing groove. Both ends of the cutting rod 302 fit tightly on the rotating cutter disc 200 and the inclined pressure block 303. The opposite ends of the fixing rod 301 and the connecting rod 308 press the cutting rod 302 to fix the cutting rod 302.

[0054] Further, the distance between the central axis of the nth cutting tool bar 302 and the central axis of the rotating cutter head 200 is n is not less than 1, K=n-1; through this design, it is ensured that during the processing, the cutting blade 304 is always located on the spiral line. When the rotating cutter head 200 rotates, the gear blank 400 continues to rotate. The rotating cutter head 200 rotates one circle, and the gear blank 400 rotates one tooth. The cutter head rotates continuously for Z circles (Z is the number of teeth on the gear), and all the tooth grooves of the gear blank 400 can be cut off. The cutting blade 3041-n'-1 roughly cuts off the gear tooth shape, and then the cutting blade 304n' accurately processes the tooth shape.

[0055] For the convenience of description, the radial direction along the rotating cutter disc 200 is referred to as the height direction of the corresponding cutting rod 302, and the direction of the cutting rod 302 perpendicular to the radial direction is referred to as the left and right direction of the cutting rod 302. At this time, the pressing groove is on the right side of the connecting groove; when installing the cutting rod 302, the position of the cutting rod 302 is adjusted so that the distance between the cutting rod 302 and the center of the rotating cutter disc 200 satisfies the above formula, the connecting rod 308 has a non-circular connecting countersunk hole 308a at the outward end, and the fixing rod 301 has a non-circular fixing countersunk hole 301a at the end opposite to the connecting hole 201. The first wrench is inserted into the connecting countersunk hole 308a, the first wrench is rotated, and the second wrench is inserted into the fixing countersunk hole 301a at the same time. The second wrench is rotated, and the connecting rod 308 and the fixing rod 301 move the cutting blade 304 Tighten, preferably, a number of first connecting grooves corresponding to the connecting rod 308 and a number of second connecting grooves corresponding to the fixing rod 301 are arranged on both sides of the height direction of the cutting rod 302, the inner end of the connecting rod 308 can be just inserted into the corresponding first connecting groove, and the end of the fixing rod 301 away from the connecting hole 201 can be just inserted into the corresponding second connecting groove, the inclined pressure block 303 is inserted into the corresponding pressure groove, and the inclined pressure block 303 is fixedly connected to the rotating cutter disc 200 using the fixing bolt 305. The rotating cutter disc 200 and the inclined pressure block 303 respectively support the left and right sides of the cutting rod 302 to fix the position of the cutting rod 302, and the cutting blade 304 is fixedly connected to the end of the cutting rod 302 that extends forward from the rotating cutter disc 200 using the connecting bolt 309.

[0056] In the present application, the fixed table 100 is installed on the machine tool, and the structure for realizing the forward and backward movement of the sliding seat 503 and the left and right movement of the connecting seat 502 are all existing technologies, and there is no need to describe in detail how to realize the feeding movement in the y direction and the x direction. The y-axis direction is the forward and backward direction, and the x-axis direction is the left and right direction. The linear movement to the right is defined as the positive direction of the x-axis, and the linear movement to the left is defined as the negative direction of the x-axis.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Reference Figure 8 to Figure 12, which is the third embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is that this embodiment provides a method for processing using a processing device for a plane spiral tooth cylindrical gear, which can process the gear in embodiment 1 with high processing efficiency.

[0059] A method for processing a plane spiral tooth cylindrical gear comprises the following steps:

[0060] Control the connecting seat 502 to move in the left and right direction, so that the distance between the center of the gear blank 400 and the center of the rotating cutter head 200 is S0, and the connecting seat 502 stops moving;

[0061] The gear blank 400 is controlled to rotate at an angular velocity w1, and the rotary cutter head 200 is controlled to rotate at an angular velocity w2. The relationship between the angular velocity w1 and the angular velocity w2 is: Z is the number of teeth of the gear to be processed;

[0062] The sliding seat 503 is controlled to move toward the direction of the rotating cutter disc 200, so that the gear blank 400 is fed toward the direction of the cutting blade 304. After one circle of teeth is processed, the connecting seat 502 drives the turntable 501 to continue to feed toward the direction of the rotating cutter disc 200, and the processing continues until all the tooth shapes are preliminarily cut out;

[0063] Gear developing process is carried out, specifically,

[0064] When the right tooth surface of the gear is generated,

[0065] The cutting blade 304 reaches the bottom of the processed tooth shape, the rotary cutter head 200 rotates clockwise at an angular velocity w2, the gear blank 400 rotates clockwise at an angular velocity ω1+ω′ and moves linearly along the positive direction of the X-axis at a velocity V1=ω′*R, completing the generation process of the right tooth surface, ω′ is the angular velocity added to the original angular velocity of the gear blank 400, and R is the pitch circle radius of the gear;

[0066] When the left tooth surface of the gear is processed,

[0067] The cutting blade 304 reaches the bottom of the processed tooth shape, the rotary cutter head 200 rotates clockwise at an angular velocity w2, the gear blank 400 rotates clockwise at an angular velocity ω1-ω′ and moves linearly along the negative direction of the X-axis at a speed V1=ω'*R, completing the development processing of the left tooth surface.

[0068] By using the processing method in this embodiment, continuous and rapid processing of gears can be achieved, processing time can be reduced, and processing efficiency can be improved.

[0069] It should be noted that the left and right mentioned in the above embodiments are reference directions for main viewing when viewed from the front of the rack (opposite to the direction of travel of the rack). The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for machining a gear using a device for machining a plane helical tooth cylindrical gear, characterized in that: The normal section of the gear has the same tooth thickness. The tooth line processing path is a plane spiral line after being unfolded along the plane. The polar coordinate equation of the plane spiral line is: , S0 represents the initial radius of the helix, m represents the gear module, represents the angle between a point on the spiral line and the positive direction of the X-axis, r represents the radius from a point on the spiral line to the center of the circle, and the gear is arranged with a number of gear teeth, and the gear teeth have a concave tooth surface and a convex tooth surface. The tooth surface radius of the concave tooth surface R N and the tooth radius of the convex tooth surface R W The relationship between them is, ; The processing device includes: Fixed table (100); A rotating cutter disc (200), the rotating cutter disc (200) being rotatably connected to the fixed platform (100); A cutting assembly (300), the cutting assembly (300) comprising a plurality of cutting rods (302) arranged on a rotating cutter disc (200), the cutting rods (302) being connected to cutting blades (304), the central axis of the cutting blades (304) being flush with the central axis of the cutting rods (302); The gear connection assembly (500) comprises a sliding seat (503) that can slide forward and backward along a fixed platform (100), the sliding seat (503) is connected to a connecting seat (502) that can slide left and right, and the connecting seat (502) is rotatably connected to a rotating table (501); the distance between the central axis of the nth cutting tool rod (302) and the central axis of the rotating tool disc (200) is , n is not less than 1, K=n-1; The following steps are included: Controlling the connecting seat (502) to move in the left-right direction so that the distance between the center of the gear blank (400) and the center of the rotating cutter head (200) is S0, and the connecting seat (502) stops moving; Controlling the gear blank (400) to rotate at an angular velocity ω1 and the rotating cutter head (200) to rotate at an angular velocity ω2; The sliding seat (503) is controlled to move in the direction of the rotating cutter disc (200), so that the gear blank (400) is fed in the direction of the cutting blade (304). After one circle of teeth is processed, the connecting seat (502) drives the turntable (501) to continue to feed in the direction of the rotating cutter disc (200), and the processing is continued until all the tooth shapes are preliminarily cut out; When the gear is subjected to the gear forming process, the cutting blade (304) reaches the bottom of the processed tooth shape, the rotating cutter head (200) rotates clockwise at an angular velocity ω2, and the gear blank (400) rotates at an angular velocity Rotate clockwise and at a speed of Make linear motion along the positive direction of the X axis to complete the development process of the right tooth surface. is the angular velocity added to the original angular velocity of the gear blank (400), and R is the radius of the gear pitch circle; when the left tooth surface of the gear is subjected to the development process, The cutting blade (304) reaches the bottom of the processed tooth shape, the rotary cutter head (200) rotates clockwise at an angular velocity ω2, and the gear blank (400) rotates at an angular velocity Rotate clockwise and at a speed of Make linear motion along the negative direction of the X-axis to complete the development processing of the left tooth surface.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between two adjacent cutting blades (304) is , n' is the number of cutting tool bars (302).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The relationship between the angular velocity ω1 and the angular velocity ω2 is: , Z is the number of teeth of the gear to be processed.

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