A soil conditioner that reduces the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improves crop salt resistance

Abstract

A saline-alkali soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content of rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops, including: the soil conditioner is composed of 375-450 parts of carbon source, 214-286 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 16.7-125 parts of silicon fertilizer, 1.25-1.5 parts of organosilicon adjuvant, 0.45-0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of flavonoids; its preparation method includes: weighing a specific amount of the above-mentioned substances, fully dissolving them for standby use; weighing a specific amount of quercetin, naringenin, luteolin, one or more, and dissolving them with a small amount of hot ethanol. The hot ethanol flavonoid solution is added to the above-mentioned fully dissolved carbon, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, silicon fertilizer, organosilicon adjuvant and nitrification inhibitor solution, and mixing to obtain a liquid soil conditioner. The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present invention can stimulate soil microbial activity, improve rhizosphere soil biological fertility, significantly reduce rhizosphere soil sodium ion content, reduce salt damage, and enhance crop salt resistance and increase yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioning materials, and relates to a soil conditioner that reduces the sodium ion content of rhizosphere soil and improves the salt resistance of crops, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Technical Background

[0002] The improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land is a global problem. 7% of the world's land, 23% of cultivated land and 50% of irrigated farmland are affected by soil salinization. China has 1.5 billion mu of saline-alkali land, of which about 550 million mu are usable saline-alkali land resources, of which 168 million mu are saline-alkali cultivated land with agricultural utilization value. + Excessive accumulation, high pH, ​​alkalinity and sodium adsorption ratio are typical characteristics. + It causes soil compaction, low porosity, poor aeration, and is seriously toxic to crops. + The inhibition of crop growth is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Na + / High concentration of soluble salts causes the water potential inside plant cells to be higher than outside the cells, thus causing cell water loss; 2. Na + , Cl - Basic ions such as Na+ can damage the cell membrane, inhibit enzyme activity, interfere with the normal metabolism of plants, and cause plant poisoning; 3. Na+ in rhizosphere soil + Too high a concentration will cause K + , Ca 2+ Therefore, the sustainable utilization of saline-alkali soil requires focusing on soil Na + changes.

[0003] There are many ways to treat saline-alkali land. In areas with sufficient irrigation water, irrigation and salt removal can generally achieve good improvement results. However, in areas with shallow groundwater, high irrigation water mineralization, and insufficient fresh water resources, it is difficult to reduce the salinity of the topsoil through engineering measures such as irrigation and salt removal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technologies and products to reduce crop salt damage under conditions where the topsoil cannot be completely desalinated. The rhizosphere is the area where crop-soil-microorganisms and their environment interact most intensely. It is the only way for nutrients and water to enter the crop from the soil environment. A good rhizosphere environment is the prerequisite for ensuring crop growth and high yield. Reducing the pH and salt ion concentration in the rhizosphere microdomain can improve the crop growth environment and make the topsoil "salty and harmless" under conditions where the topsoil cannot be completely desalinated, thereby achieving sustainable utilization of saline-alkali farmland.

[0004] Microorganisms in saline-alkali soils have poor activity, small numbers, and low diversity, making it difficult for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi for short) to promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in crops. Regulating soil microbial activity and promoting the construction of underground hyphae networks of mycorrhizal fungi can better play the role of soil microorganisms in crop salt tolerance, improve crop salt tolerance, and increase yields. Applying carbon to saline-alkali soils can provide a good carbon source for microbial growth. On the one hand, it can increase the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and on the other hand, it can promote the reproduction of microorganisms and increase the number of microorganisms. In most cases, phosphorus is in a state of deficiency in salinized soils, and a large amount of base ions accumulate in the rhizosphere, inhibiting the absorption of phosphorus by the roots; under high salt concentrations, phosphorus is accumulated in large quantities at the root tips, and the process of phosphorus transport to the aboveground part is inhibited. Increasing the phosphorus concentration in plants can reduce Na in the aboveground part of crops. + Concentration, maintain the stability of cell membranes, improve the buffering capacity of plant cells, enhance the ability of cell colloids to bind water and the ability of protoplasm to resist dehydration. At the same time, it can also enhance photosynthesis and root vitality, promote the synthesis and transport of carbohydrates, and enhance crop salt resistance. Flavonoids play a signaling role in the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between AM fungi and crops. They can stimulate the germination of AM fungal spores and the elongation of hyphae, which is conducive to the establishment of the underground hyphae network of mycorrhizae. Crops can improve the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus through the hyphae network, improve nutritional status, and increase salt tolerance.

[0005] Lowering the pH of the rhizosphere microsphere can promote Na + Leaching, increasing crop nutrient absorption, and improving crop salt resistance. Plants absorb one NH4 + It will release an H + , reducing rhizosphere pH. The reduction of soil pH can activate Ca 2+ , by ion replacement, the Na + Replace it and promote the root zone Na + Leaching can reduce salt damage; on the other hand, in salinized soil, for every 1 unit decrease in pH, the content of effective phosphorus, zinc and iron in the soil increases significantly, thereby promoting nutrient absorption and growth of crops. In well-ventilated and high pH salinized soils, ammonium nitrogen is more easily converted into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, reducing the effect of rhizosphere regulation. Adding nitrification inhibitors can significantly inhibit the nitrification of ammonium by soil microorganisms and enhance the effect of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in acidifying the soil. The application of silicon fertilizer can improve the salt resistance of plants in multiple ways: the application of silicon fertilizer weakens transpiration, Na + Absorption and transport with transpiration flow are reduced; silicon deposited in the root epidermis reduces Na + The non-selective absorption of the apoplast pathway reduces the Na + Silicon can also induce H +-ATPase activity, providing energy for active transport of sodium and potassium ions, enhancing K + absorption, reducing Na + The absorption of nutrients and salts in the root soil can be improved, thereby increasing the potassium-sodium ratio of plants and reducing ion toxicity. Surfactants such as silicone additives polyether-modified trisiloxane, polyether-modified dimethylsiloxane, and ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane can improve the diffusion and migration of nutrients and salts in the root soil, which helps to reduce the Na + leaching and nutrient absorption.

[0006] Using "saline-alkali soil" and "sodium" as keywords, 18 saline-alkali soil improvement patents related to sodium ion changes were retrieved from the patent library. Chinese patent document (CN107312548B) discloses an organic improvement base that promotes sodium ion exchange in saline soil, Chinese patent document (CN107903907A) discloses an improver for reducing the pH value and sodium ion content of saline-alkali land and its preparation method, and Chinese patent document (CN1944576A) discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner, its preparation method and application. In addition, Chinese patent document (CN101781566B) discloses a formula of a sodium alkaline soil improver and its preparation method. The above patent documents respectively disclose a (ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate), and the application of these ingredients belongs to common sense in the field. In addition, the technical solutions of the above patents are still aimed at reducing the pH and salt content of the cultivated soil, which is essentially different from the patent application for reducing the sodium ion content of the rhizosphere soil and improving the salt tolerance of crops. So far, no literature reports related to the present invention have been found. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the problem that the arable soil cannot be completely desalinated due to shallow groundwater in some areas, high mineralization of irrigation water, insufficient fresh water resources, severe seasonal salt return, etc. in the process of saline-alkali land utilization. The present invention uses carbon sources to regulate soil microbial activity, flavonoids to promote the establishment of mycorrhizal underground hyphae networks, improve crop nitrogen and phosphorus absorption, and ammonium nitrogen is combined with nitrification inhibitors to acidify the rhizosphere to promote Na + Leaching, silicon fertilizer reduces the Na in the aboveground part of crops + The technical principle of reducing sodium ion concentration and enhancing crop salt tolerance, and using organosilicon additives to promote the diffusion and migration of rhizosphere nutrients and salt, a soil conditioner that reduces the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improves crop salt tolerance has been developed by compounding carbon sources, ammonium nitrogen fertilizers, silicon fertilizers, organosilicon additives, nitrification inhibitors and flavonoids. The application of the patented soil conditioner can reduce the toxicity of sodium ions to crops, enhance crop salt tolerance, and increase crop yields under the condition that the arable soil cannot be completely desalinated, thereby achieving sustainable utilization of saline-alkali farmland.

[0008] The technical principle of the present invention is: carbon source regulates soil microbial activity and promotes soil nutrient activation; flavonoids stimulate AM fungal spore germination and are beneficial to the construction of mycelial network, thereby promoting crop nutrient absorption; ammonium nitrogen combined with nitrification inhibitors can acidify the crop rhizosphere and promote Na + Silicone additives can further increase the diffusion and movement of nutrients and salts in the rhizosphere, and silicon fertilizers can reduce the Na + concentration, enhancing crop salt tolerance.

[0009] Specifically, the first aspect of the present invention discloses a soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops, comprising: 375-450 parts of carbon source, 214-286 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 16.7-125 parts of silicon fertilizer, 1.25-1.5 parts of organosilicon additive, 0.45-0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of flavonoids.

[0010] Preferably, a saline-alkali soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops is composed of 429-450 parts of carbon source, 214-286 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 16.7-25 parts of silicon fertilizer, 1.25-1.5 parts of organosilicon additive, 0.45-0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of flavonoids.

[0011] In the present invention, the saline-alkali soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in the rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops, the carbon source is selected from one or more of glucose, sugar cane molasses, and beet molasses; the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium bicarbonate; the silicon fertilizer is selected from one or more of silicon calcium fertilizer, sugar alcohol silicon, and amino acid chelated silicon fertilizer; the organosilicon adjuvant is selected from one or more of polyether modified trisiloxane, polyether modified dimethylsiloxane, and ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane; the nitrification inhibitor is selected from 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP); and the flavonoid substance is selected from one or more of quercetin, naringenin, and luteolin.

[0012] Preferably, a saline-alkali soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops is composed of 450 parts of glucose, 286 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25 parts of sugar alcohol silicon, 1.5 parts of polyether modified trisiloxane, 0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin.

[0013] Preferably, a saline-alkali soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops is composed of 429 parts of cane molasses, 214 parts of ammonium sulfate, 16.7 parts of sugar alcohol silicon, 1.25 parts of polyether modified trisiloxane, 0.45 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin.

[0014] Preferably, a saline-alkali soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content of rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops is composed of 375 parts of powdered sugarcane molasses, 286 parts of ammonium sulfate, 125 parts of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 1.5 parts of polyether-modified trisiloxane, 0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin.

[0015] In the present invention, a saline-alkali soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops includes a liquid type and a granular type.

[0016] Preferably, liquid soil conditioners can be applied with drip irrigation; granular soil conditioners can be applied at the time of sowing using the seed and fertilizer co-seeding technology, or can be applied in strips during topdressing.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the liquid and granular soil conditioners described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation method of the liquid soil conditioner is to weigh specific amounts of one or more of glucose, cane molasses, beet molasses, one or more of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, one or more of sugar alcohol silicon, amino acid chelated silicon fertilizer, polyether modified trisiloxane, polyether modified dimethylsiloxane, ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, fully dissolve and set aside; weigh specific amounts of one or more of quercetin, naringenin, and luteolin, and dissolve them with a small amount of hot ethanol. Add the hot ethanol flavonoid solution to the fully dissolved carbon, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, silicon fertilizer, organosilicon adjuvant and nitrification inhibitor solution, and mix well to obtain the liquid soil conditioner.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method of the granular soil conditioner is as follows: weigh specific amounts of one or more of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and silicon calcium fertilizer, grind them through a 60-mesh sieve, and then mix them with one or more of glucose, powdered sugarcane molasses, and powdered beet molasses for later use. Weigh specific amounts of one or more of polyether-modified trisiloxane, polyether-modified dimethylsiloxane, ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), dissolve them in a small amount of water for later use. Weigh specific amounts of one or more of quercetin, naringenin, and luteolin, dissolve them in hot ethanol, and keep them warm for later use. Add the uniformly mixed mixture of carbon, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, and silicon fertilizer into a round pot granulator, heat them to a temperature of 45-50°C, and then evenly spray the organosilicon adjuvant and nitrification inhibitor solution and hot ethanol flavonoid solution into the granulator for granulation. After uniform particles with a diameter of 1-1.5 mm are formed, the fertilizer is poured out from the round pot granulator, cooled, dried, and sieved to obtain a granular soil conditioner.

[0020] The third aspect of the present invention is to provide an application of the liquid or granular soil conditioner obtained by the preparation method of the liquid and granular soil conditioner according to the second aspect of the present invention, which is a saline-alkali soil conditioner that reduces the sodium ion content of rhizosphere soil and improves the salt resistance of crops. The liquid type can be applied with drip irrigation; the granular type can be applied at the time of sowing using the seed and fertilizer co-sowing technology, and can also be applied in strips during topdressing.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. Reduce the pH and sodium ion concentration of rhizosphere soil, reduce the sodium adsorption ratio of rhizosphere soil, increase the calcium ion concentration of rhizosphere soil, and reduce the harm of sodium ions in saline-alkali soil to plants.

[0023] 2. Increase the activity, quantity and diversity of soil microorganisms, and enhance the activation of nutrients such as phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil; stimulate the formation of AM fungi-crop symbiosis and establish underground mycelial networks, promote the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by crops, improve crop nutritional status, and enhance salt tolerance.

[0024] 3. Reduce the absorption of sodium ions by crops, increase the potassium-sodium ratio of the aboveground parts of crops, and enhance salt resistance; increase the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium by crops, improve the photosynthetic capacity of crops, and promote crop yields. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The test methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials used in the following examples can all be obtained from commercial sources.

[0026] Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0027] Field experiments were conducted on moderately saline-alkali soil at the Xinjiang Agricultural University Experimental Station in Shawan, Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019. The soluble salt content in the soil surface layer (0-20 cm) before reclamation was 8.3 g kg -1 At the start of the 2017 experiment, the average total soluble salt content of the soil from 0 to 100 cm was 5.8 g kg -1 The soluble salt content of the soil profiles at 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, and 80-100cm is 2.5g kg -1 , 6.9g kg -1 , 5.8g kg -1 4.4 g kg -1 and 9.4 g kg -1The test crop was cotton (Gossypium hirsutum.L.), which was produced in a dry sowing and wet out, drip irrigation mode under film. Example A soil conditioner was applied (Example 1), and the control treatment was carried out according to the local production management practice (Comparative Example 1).

[0028] In Comparative Example 1, the nitrogen fertilizer was urea, with a dosage of 225 kg N ha -1 , phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, dosage (P2O5) 120kgha -1 Potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, dosage (K2O) 75kg ha -1 The frequency, time and amount of fertilizer application shall be determined according to local production practices.

[0029] In Example 1, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, with a dosage of 165 kg N ha -1 The phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, with a dosage of (P2O5) 90 kg ha -1 Potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, dosage (K2O) 75kg ha -1 , while applying soil conditioner 763kg ha -1 The input of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the soil conditioner was 180 kg ha -1 and 60kg ha -1 The number of times, time and amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied according to local production practices. During the bud and boll stages of cotton, soil conditioners were applied twice with water drops, and no urea was applied during the application of soil conditioners.

[0030] The soil conditioner is composed of 450 parts of glucose, 286 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25 parts of sugar alcohol silicon, 1.5 parts of polyether modified trisiloxane, 0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin. Weigh the above-mentioned amounts of glucose, ammonium sulfate, sugar alcohol silicon and polyether modified trisiloxane and add them to the fertilizer tank to fully dissolve the fertilizer; weigh the above-mentioned amount of quercetin and dissolve it with a small amount of hot ethanol, then add it to the fertilizer tank, mix well and drip it with water. Quercetin is insoluble in water. After dissolving it with ethanol and adding it to the fertilizer tank, quercetin can be dispersed into tiny particles and dripped with water.

[0031] Compared with Comparative Example 1, after applying the soil conditioner in Example 1, the cotton (seed cotton) yield increased by 4.3%, and the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of the aboveground parts of the plants increased by 11.3% and 3.2%, respectively. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and potassium in the aboveground parts of the cotton plants increased by 3.2%, 7.2%, and 6.5%, respectively, while the sodium ion concentration decreased by 11.2%. At the same time, the potassium-sodium ratio of the aboveground parts of the plants increased by 20.8% (Table 1). The results show that the application of soil conditioners reduces the sodium ion content of the plants, increases the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, increases the potassium-sodium ratio of the aboveground parts of the plants, enhances the salt resistance of the crops, and thus increases the yield.

[0032] Table 1 Comparison of crop yield, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium concentrations and potassium-sodium ratio in the aboveground part of plants in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0033]

[0034] Note: The data of yield, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption are the three-year averages, and the data of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and potassium-sodium ratio are the data of 2019

[0035] Compared with Comparative Example 1, after applying the soil conditioner in Example 1, the pH value decreased by 0.07 units, the soil conductivity decreased by 3.8%, and the effective phosphorus concentration increased by 10.2%. After applying the soil conditioner, the activity of soil microorganisms was greatly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the soil respiration rate in Example 1 increased by 37.7%, the 16S rDNA copy number (which can indicate the number of microorganisms) increased by 2.2%, the Shannon-Wiener index and the Simpson index increased by 0.8% and 0.5% respectively, and the bacterial OTUs richness decreased by 1.7% (Table 2). The results show that the application of soil conditioners reduces the degree of salt-alkali stress, greatly stimulates the activity of soil microorganisms, and increases the number of microorganisms.

[0036] Table 2 Comparison of rhizosphere soil pH, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus, soil respiration rate and soil microbial diversity index between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0037]

[0038] Note: Soil pH, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus, and soil respiration rate data are three-year averages, while 16S rDNA copy number, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and OTUs abundance are 2019 data.

[0039] Example 2 and Comparative Example 2

[0040] In 2020, the experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shihezi City, Xinjiang. The test soil was slightly salinized soil, and the test crop was cotton (G. hirsutum.L.), which was produced in a dry sowing and wet out, sub-film drip irrigation mode. Example A soil conditioner was applied (Example 2), and the control treatment was carried out according to local production management practices (Comparative Example 2).

[0041] In Comparative Example 2, the nitrogen fertilizer was urea, with a dosage of 225 kg N ha -1 The phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, with a dosage of (P2O5) 90 kg ha -1 Potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, dosage (K2O) 75kg ha -1 The frequency, time and amount of fertilizer application shall be determined according to local production practices.

[0042] In Example 2, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, with a dosage of 180 kg N ha -1 The phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, with a dosage of (P2O5) 90 kg ha -1 Potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, dosage (K2O) 75kg ha -1 , while applying soil conditioner 662kg ha -1 The input of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the soil conditioner was 120 kg ha -1 and 45kg ha -1 The number, time and amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied according to local production practices. During the bud and boll stages of cotton, soil conditioners were applied twice with water drops, and urea 15 kg N ha was applied each time soil conditioners were applied. -1 .

[0043] The soil conditioner is composed of 429 parts of sugar cane molasses, 214 parts of ammonium sulfate, 16.7 parts of sugar alcohol silicon, 1.25 parts of polyether modified trisiloxane, 0.45 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin. The above-mentioned amounts of sugar cane molasses, ammonium sulfate, sugar alcohol silicon and polyether modified trisiloxane are weighed and added to the fertilizer tank to fully dissolve; the above-mentioned amount of quercetin is weighed and dissolved with a small amount of hot ethanol, and then added to the fertilizer tank, mixed and applied with water drops. Quercetin is insoluble in water. After being dissolved in ethanol, it is added to the fertilizer tank. Quercetin can be dispersed into tiny particles and applied with water drops.

[0044] Compared with Comparative Example 2, after applying the soil conditioner in Example 2, the cotton (seed cotton) yield increased by 12.7%, and the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of the aboveground parts of the plants increased by 1.2% and 9.5% respectively (Table 3). The results show that the application of soil conditioners can significantly promote crop phosphorus absorption, improve stress resistance, and thus achieve increased yield.

[0045] Table 3 Comparison of crop yield, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption, potassium and sodium content, and potassium and sodium ratio between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Example 3 and Comparative Example 3

[0049] Field trials were conducted in Dongying, Shandong in 2021. The soil pH of the plough layer of the test site was 8.10 and the conductivity was 537 μS cm -1 , soil available phosphorus 9.9mg kg -1 The test crop was corn, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm. Example A soil conditioner was applied (Example 3), and the control treatment was carried out according to the local production management practice (Comparative Example 3).

[0050] In comparative example 3, the nitrogen fertilizer was urea, with a base application of 30 kg N ha -1 , 90 kg N ha was applied at the sixth leaf stage -1 , 75 kg N ha was applied during the silking period -1 Total nitrogen application rate: 195 kg N ha -1 Phosphate fertilizers are superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate, with superphosphate 60kg P2O5ha -1 , 30kg P2O5 ha of monoammonium phosphate was applied at the six-leaf stage -1 Total phosphorus application: 90 kg P2O5 ha -1 .

[0051] In Example 3, the nitrogen fertilizer was urea, with a base application of 30 kg N ha -1 , 60 kg N ha was applied at the sixth leaf stage -1 45 kg N ha was applied during the silking period -1 Total nitrogen application rate: 195 kg N ha -1 (Soil conditioner brings in 60 kg N ha of nitrogen fertilizer -1 ); Phosphate fertilizers are monoammonium phosphate and superphosphate, with superphosphate 30kg P2O5 ha -1 , 30kg P2O5 ha of monoammonium phosphate was applied at the six-leaf stage -1 Total phosphorus application: 60 kg P2O5 ha -1 , while applying soil conditioner 788kg ha -1 The input of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the soil conditioner was 120 kg ha -1 and 60kg ha -1 During the six-leaf stage and silking stage of corn, soil conditioners were applied in two strips.

[0052] The soil conditioner is composed of 375 parts of powdered sugarcane molasses, 286 parts of ammonium sulfate, 125 parts of silicon calcium fertilizer, 1.5 parts of polyether modified trisiloxane, 0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin. Weigh the above-mentioned ammonium sulfate and silicon calcium fertilizer, grind them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them with powdered sugarcane molasses for later use; weigh the above-mentioned polyether modified trisiloxane and nitrification inhibitor and dissolve them in a small amount of water for later use; weigh the above-mentioned quercetin and dissolve it in a small amount of hot ethanol, and then keep it warm for later use. Add the evenly mixed mixture of molasses powder, ammonium sulfate and silicon calcium fertilizer into a round pot granulator, heat it to 45-50°C, and then evenly spray the dissolved polyether modified trisiloxane, nitrification inhibitor and hot ethanol quercetin solution to granulate. After uniform particles with a diameter of 1-1.5 mm are formed, pour the fertilizer out of the round pot granulator, cool, dry and sieve. The sieved soil conditioner particles are dried and ventilated and stored, and applied according to the fertilization plan during the six-leaf stage and silking stage of corn.

[0053] Compared with Comparative Example 3, after applying the soil conditioner in Example 3, the corn yield increased by 10.9%, and the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of the aboveground parts of the plants increased by 12.3% and 5.3% respectively (Table 4). It shows that the application of soil conditioners can promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in crops, enhance stress resistance, and thus increase crop yield.

[0054] Table 4 Comparison of crop yield and nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3

[0055]

[0056] Compared with comparative example 3, after applying the soil conditioner in Example 3, the pH value of the rhizosphere soil was reduced by 0.13 units compared with the comparative example, and the pH value of the non-rhizosphere soil was 0.12 units lower than the comparative example; the conductivity of the rhizosphere soil in Example 3 was reduced by 8.1% compared with the comparative example, while the conductivity of the non-rhizosphere soil was 8.9% higher than the comparative example; the available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil in Example 3 was increased by 7.65 compared with the comparative example, and the available phosphorus in the non-rhizosphere soil was 8.8% higher than the comparative example. The application of the soil conditioner significantly reduced the concentration of sodium ions in the rhizosphere soil. In the rhizosphere soil, the sodium ion content of the embodiment was reduced by 31.4% compared with the comparative example, while the sodium ion concentration of the embodiment in the non-rhizosphere soil increased by 3.9%. After applying the soil conditioner, the concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions in the rhizosphere soil increased. Compared with the comparative example, the calcium ion concentration of the rhizosphere soil of the embodiment increased by 10.8% and the magnesium ion concentration decreased by 2.9%; in the non-rhizosphere soil, the calcium and magnesium ion concentrations of the embodiment increased by 4.2% and 6.9%, respectively. After applying the soil conditioner, the sodium adsorption ratio of the rhizosphere soil decreased by 33.5% and the sodium adsorption ratio of the non-rhizosphere soil increased by 1.9% compared with the control (Table 5). The results show that the application of soil conditioners promoted the acidification of rhizosphere soil, increased the concentration of available phosphorus, increased the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, and significantly reduced the concentration of sodium ions and the sodium adsorption ratio, reducing the harm of sodium ions in the soil and greatly alleviating saline-alkali stress.

[0057] Table 5 Comparison of rhizosphere soil pH, conductivity, sodium, calcium and magnesium content and sodium adsorption ratio in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3

[0058]

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops, characterized in that: The invention comprises, by weight, 375-450 parts of carbon source, 214-286 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 16.7-125 parts of silicon fertilizer, 1.25-1.5 parts of organosilicon additive, 0.45-0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of flavonoid; the carbon source is selected from one or more of glucose and sugarcane molasses; the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is selected from ammonium sulfate; the organosilicon additive is selected from one or more of polyether-modified trisiloxane and ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane; the nitrification inhibitor is selected from 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate; the flavonoid is selected from quercetin; the silicon fertilizer is selected from one or more of silicon calcium fertilizer and sugar alcohol silicon.

2. A soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, the invention comprises 429-450 parts of carbon source, 214-286 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 16.7-25 parts of silicon fertilizer, 1.25-1.5 parts of organosilicon additive, 0.45-0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of flavonoids.

3. A soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises, by weight, 429 parts of sugarcane molasses, 214 parts of ammonium sulfate, 16.7 parts of sugar alcohol silicon, 1.25 parts of polyether modified trisiloxane, 0.45 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin.

4. The soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises, by weight, 375 parts of powdered sugarcane molasses, 286 parts of ammonium sulfate, 125 parts of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 1.5 parts of polyether-modified trisiloxane, 0.6 parts of nitrification inhibitor and 0.3 parts of quercetin.

5. A soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: There are two types of soil conditioners: liquid soil conditioners and granular soil conditioners.

6. A method for preparing a soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation process of the liquid soil conditioner comprises: weighing specific amounts of glucose, one or more of sugarcane molasses, ammonium sulfate, sugar alcohol silicon, one or more of polyether-modified trisiloxane, ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane, and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, fully dissolving them for use; weighing specific amounts of quercetin, dissolving it with a small amount of hot ethanol; adding the hot ethanol flavonoid solution to the fully dissolved carbon source, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, silicon fertilizer, organosilicon additive and nitrification inhibitor solution, and mixing them to obtain the liquid soil conditioner.

7. A method for preparing a soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation process of the granular soil conditioner comprises: weighing a specific amount of ammonium sulfate and silicon calcium fertilizer, grinding them through a 60-mesh sieve, and then mixing them with one or more of glucose and powdered sugarcane molasses for later use; weighing a specific amount of polyether-modified trisiloxane, one or more of ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dissolving them in a small amount of water for later use; weighing a specific amount of quercetin, dissolving it in hot ethanol, and keeping it warm for later use; adding a uniformly mixed mixture of carbon source, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer into a round pot granulator, heating it to a temperature of 45-50°C, and then uniformly spraying an organosilicon adjuvant and a nitrification inhibitor solution and a hot ethanol flavonoid substance solution into it for granulation; after uniform particles with a diameter of 1-1.5 mm are formed, pouring the fertilizer out of the round pot granulator, cooling, drying and sieving, so as to obtain the granular soil conditioner.

8. A method for implementing a soil conditioner for reducing the sodium ion content in rhizosphere soil and improving the salt resistance of crops, characterized in that: The liquid soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method according to claim 6 is applied by drip irrigation with water drops. The granular soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7 is applied in strips at the time of sowing or at the time of topdressing using the seed and fertilizer co-seeding technology.

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