Self-heating control method and self-heating control system for charging and discharging batteries

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-heating control method and a self-heating control system for a charge-discharge battery, wherein the charge-discharge battery comprises a battery cell, a diaphragm is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell, a reference electrode is provided at the diaphragm, and a surface electrode is provided on the negative electrode surface of the battery cell, wherein the method comprises: detecting the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode; generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, so as to adjust the charging current of the charge-discharge battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charge-discharge battery. Thus, by means of the self-heating control method for the charge-discharge battery, the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the battery can be avoided, and the cycle life and safety of the battery can also be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a self-heating control method for a charge-discharge battery, a computer-readable storage medium, a battery manager, and a self-heating control system for a charge-discharge battery. Background Art

[0002] Batteries are the most widely used energy storage devices in the field of new energy vehicles. The charging and discharging capacity of batteries is greatly affected by temperature. Heating the battery by applying energy from the battery itself or external energy to the single cell can effectively enhance the battery's discharge capacity at low temperatures, thereby increasing the driving range.

[0003] In the related technology, the self-heating method of the existing battery will cause serious uneven heating of the battery. When charging with an additional large current, the uneven temperature of the battery cell will cause lithium deposition in some areas of the battery, thereby affecting the cycle life and safety of the battery. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one purpose of the present invention is to propose a self-heating control method for a charge-discharge battery, which can make the battery heat evenly, avoid lithium deposition in the battery, and improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0005] The present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0006] The present invention further proposes a battery manager.

[0007] The present invention further proposes a self-heating control system for a charging and discharging battery.

[0008] According to the self-heating control method of a charge-discharge battery of the present invention, the charge-discharge battery includes a battery cell, a diaphragm is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell, a reference electrode is correspondingly provided at the diaphragm, and a surface electrode is correspondingly provided on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery cell. The method includes: detecting the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode; generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, so as to adjust the charging current of the charge-discharge battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charge-discharge battery.

[0009] According to the self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery of the present invention, the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is detected, and a charging current adjustment instruction is generated according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode. During the self-heating process of the charge-discharge battery, the charging current of the charge-discharge battery is adjusted according to the charging current adjustment instruction, which can avoid lithium deposition in the battery and improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0010] In some examples of the present invention, a charging current adjustment instruction is generated based on the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, including: when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than a first potential threshold, generating a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero; when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than a second potential threshold, generating the charging current adjustment instruction based on the first potential threshold and the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode.

[0011] In some examples of the present invention, when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to a first potential threshold and less than a second potential threshold, the charging current amplitude corresponding to the charging current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula:

[0012] I_dc=I_dc0*f(s1)*(VN-E_plating),

[0013] Among them, s1 is the first safety parameter, f(s1) is the function of s1, I_dc is the charging current amplitude, I_dc0 is the initial charging current amplitude, VN is the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, and E_plating is the first potential threshold.

[0014] In some examples of the present invention, the first potential threshold is determined according to the following steps: detecting the potential difference between the negative electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode; obtaining the negative electrode potential curve at different charging rates according to the potential difference between the negative electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, and obtaining the relationship between the lithium plating potential and the charging rate according to the negative electrode potential curve at different charging rates; determining the first potential threshold according to the relationship between the lithium plating potential and the charging rate.

[0015] In some examples of the present invention, when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than a first potential threshold, the method further includes: detecting the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode; generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, so as to adjust the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery.

[0016] In some examples of the present invention, a battery heating current adjustment instruction is generated according to the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, including: when the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode is greater than a third potential threshold, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero; when the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode is greater than a fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, generating the battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the third potential threshold and the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode.

[0017] In some examples of the present invention, when the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode is greater than a fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to a third potential threshold, the heating current amplitude corresponding to the battery heating current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula:

[0018] I_ac=I_ac0*f(s2)*(VP-E_max),

[0019] Among them, s2 is the second safety parameter, f(s2) is the function of s2, I_ac is the heating current amplitude, I_ac0 is the initial heating current amplitude, VP is the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, and E_max is the third potential threshold.

[0020] According to the computer-readable storage medium of the present invention, a self-heating control program of a charge-discharge battery is stored thereon, and when the self-heating control program of a charge-discharge battery is executed by a processor, the self-heating control method of a charge-discharge battery is implemented.

[0021] According to the computer-readable storage medium of the present invention, the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is detected, and a charging current adjustment instruction is generated according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, the charging current of the charging and discharging battery is adjusted according to the charging current adjustment instruction, which can make the battery heated evenly, avoid lithium deposition of the battery, and improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0022] According to the battery manager of the present invention, it includes a memory, a processor, and a self-heating control program for a charge-discharge battery stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the self-heating control program for the charge-discharge battery, the self-heating control method for the charge-discharge battery described above is implemented.

[0023] The battery manager according to the present invention can heat the battery evenly, avoid lithium deposition in the battery, and improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0024] The self-heating control system of the charge-discharge battery according to the present invention comprises: a reference electrode, the reference electrode being arranged corresponding to the diaphragm between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell in the charge-discharge battery; a surface electrode, the surface electrode being arranged corresponding to the negative electrode surface of the battery cell; and a battery manager, the battery manager being connected to the reference electrode and the surface electrode respectively, the battery manager being used to detect the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, and generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, so as to adjust the charging current of the charge-discharge battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charge-discharge battery.

[0025] The self-heating control system of the charge-discharge battery according to the present invention can heat the battery evenly, avoid lithium deposition in the battery, and improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0026] In some examples of the present invention, the reference electrode is electronically insulated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell, but ionically conductive, and the surface electrode is in direct contact with the negative electrode of the battery cell and is electronically conductive.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a self-heating control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the coordination of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, a reference electrode and a surface electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell having electrode leads according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of connections among a battery cell, a battery manager and an insulated gate bipolar transistor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a block diagram of a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals:

[0036] Reference electrode 10;

[0037] Surface electrode 20;

[0038] Battery manager 30;

[0039] Battery cell 40; positive electrode 41; negative electrode 42; separator 43; positive electrode ear 44; negative electrode ear 45;

[0040] Insulated gate bipolar transistor 50;

[0041] Processor 1201; communication interface 1202; memory 1203; communication bus 1204. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0043] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 6 A self-heating control method for a charge-discharge battery according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0044] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, according to the self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery of the embodiment of the present invention, the charge-discharge battery includes a battery cell, a diaphragm is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell, a reference electrode is arranged correspondingly at the diaphragm, and a surface electrode is arranged correspondingly on the negative electrode surface of the battery cell, wherein the reference electrode is electronically insulated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell, but ion conduction is conducted, and the surface electrode is in direct contact with the negative electrode of the battery cell, and outputs a stable reference potential as a stable electrode. Further, the preparation material of the reference electrode can be made of copper, aluminum, lithium, lithium iron phosphate, graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver, silver chloride and other materials, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the reference electrode can also be made of materials that play the same role as the above materials. Further, the surface electrode is in direct contact with the negative electrode, thereby establishing an electronic contact channel, and the surface electrode is not limited to metal or non-metal conductors. The preparation material of the surface electrode can be made of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon-based two-dimensional materials or other materials with good electronic conductivity.

[0045] The self-heating control method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0046] S01, detecting the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode. It should be noted that the battery manager is connected to the reference electrode and the surface electrode respectively, and the battery manager detection is used to detect the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode. Furthermore, the battery manager can detect the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode placed at different positions of the battery cell.

[0047] S02, generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, so as to adjust the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. It should be noted that the battery manager can generate the charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, so that the battery manager can adjust the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery.

[0048] Specifically, after the battery manager detects the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, it generates a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode. The battery manager adjusts the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. Preset data can be stored in the battery manager. After the battery manager detects the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, it compares it with the preset data, and then the battery manager generates a charging current adjustment instruction. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, by adjusting the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, the charging current of the charging and discharging battery can be dynamically adjusted to prevent the phenomenon of lithium deposition caused by the large-value self-heating current that may damage the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material of the battery, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the battery, and further improving the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0049] Therefore, through the above-mentioned self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery, the battery can be heated evenly, the lithium deposition of the battery can be avoided, and the cycle life and safety of the battery can be improved.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode may include: when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than the first potential threshold, the battery manager generates a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero. Wherein, when the reference electrode and the surface electrode are placed at different positions of the battery cell, the battery manager can detect multiple potential differences, and when any one of the multiple potential differences is less than the first potential threshold, the battery manager generates a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero. In the self-heating process of the charge-discharge battery, when the charging current amplitude is zero, it is thermodynamically impossible for the charge-discharge battery to precipitate lithium. When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than the first potential threshold, a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero is generated, and the charging current of the charge-discharge battery is adjusted to zero, and the charging current of the charge-discharge battery is actively reduced, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium precipitation in the charge-discharge battery.

[0051] Furthermore, when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, a charging current adjustment instruction is generated according to the first potential threshold and the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the charge-discharge battery. Wherein, when the reference electrode and the surface electrode are placed at different positions of the battery cell, the battery manager can detect multiple potential differences. When any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, a charging current adjustment instruction is generated according to the first potential threshold and the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the charge-discharge battery.

[0052] Further, when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, the charging current amplitude corresponding to the charging current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula:

[0053] I_dc=I_dc0*f(s1)*(VN-E_plating),

[0054] Among them, s1 is the first safety parameter, f(s1) is the function of s1, I_dc is the charging current amplitude, I_dc0 is the initial charging current amplitude, VN is the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, and E_plating is the first potential threshold. It should be noted that f(s1) is a function of s1 and can take values ​​between 0 and 10. It can be set to a fixed value or determined by looking up a table according to previous experiments. f(s1) depends on the intrinsic charging and discharging capacity of the charging and discharging battery. The specific value is determined by experiments during strategy testing. It can be a fixed value or a function. The general trend of f(s1) is that for charging and discharging batteries with good charging and discharging capabilities, f(s1) takes a large value, and for charging and discharging batteries with poor charging and discharging capabilities, f(s1) takes a small value. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, by determining the charging current amplitude corresponding to the charging current adjustment instruction according to the above formula, the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the charging and discharging battery during the charging process can be effectively avoided, which can further improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first potential threshold is determined according to the following steps: detecting the potential difference between the negative electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, and further, detecting the potential difference between the reference electrode and all negative electrodes; obtaining the negative electrode potential curve at different charging rates according to the potential difference between the negative electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, and obtaining the relationship between the lithium plating potential and the charging rate according to the negative electrode potential curve at different charging rates; determining the first potential threshold according to the relationship between the lithium plating potential and the charging rate. This setting can accurately determine the first potential threshold, can effectively avoid the lithium plating phenomenon of the charge-discharge battery during the charging process, and can further improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to the second potential threshold, the charging and discharging battery is not heated under this condition, and the charging current of the charging and discharging battery is adjusted according to the adjustment of the vehicle controller. Such a setting can effectively avoid the lithium deposition phenomenon of the charging and discharging battery during the charging process, and can further improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than the first potential threshold, the self-heating control method may further include:

[0058] S10, detecting a potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and a reference electrode. The potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode may be detected by a battery manager.

[0059] S20, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell, so that the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery can be adjusted according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. The battery manager can generate a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell, so that the battery manager can adjust the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery.

[0060] Specifically, after the battery manager detects the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, the battery manager generates a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, so that the battery manager can adjust the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. Preset data can be stored in the battery manager. The battery manager detects the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode and compares it with the preset data. Then the battery manager generates a battery heating current adjustment instruction. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery is adjusted according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction. The heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery can be adjusted in real time, so that the charging and discharging battery can be heated evenly, and the phenomenon of damaging the positive electrode active material of the charging and discharging battery caused by the large heating current amplitude current can be prevented, thereby further improving the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell may include: when the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell is greater than the third potential threshold, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero. Wherein, when the reference electrode and the surface electrode are placed at different positions of the battery cell, the battery manager can detect multiple potential differences, and when any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than the third potential threshold, a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero is generated. During the self-heating process of the charge and discharge battery, when the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell is greater than the third potential threshold, a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero is generated, and the battery heating current of the charge and discharge battery is adjusted to zero, and the heating current of the charge and discharge battery is actively reduced, so that the phenomenon of damaging the active material of the positive electrode of the charge and discharge battery caused by the large heating current amplitude current can be further avoided, and the charge and discharge battery can be heated evenly, so that the cycle life and safety of the battery can be further improved.

[0062] When the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, a battery heating current adjustment instruction is generated according to the third potential threshold and the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell. When the reference electrode and the surface electrode are placed at different positions of the battery cell, the battery manager can detect multiple potential differences. When any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, a battery heating current adjustment instruction is generated according to the third potential threshold and the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, or when any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, the heating current amplitude corresponding to the battery heating current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula:

[0064] I_ac=I_ac0*f(s2)*(VP-E_max),

[0065] Among them, s2 is the second safety parameter, f(s2) is the function of s2, I_ac is the heating current amplitude, I_ac0 is the initial heating current amplitude, VP is the potential difference between the positive electrode and the reference electrode of the battery cell, and E_max is the third potential threshold.

[0066] It should be noted that, according to safety requirements, f(s2) is a function of s2 and can take values ​​between 0 and 10. It can be set to a fixed value or determined by looking up a table according to previous experiments. During the self-heating process of the charge and discharge battery, the heating current amplitude of the charge and discharge battery can be adjusted by determining the battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the above formula, so that the charge and discharge battery can be heated evenly, thereby further avoiding the phenomenon of damaging the active material of the positive electrode of the charge and discharge battery caused by a large heating current amplitude, and further improving the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0067] According to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present invention, a self-heating control program of a charge-discharge battery is stored thereon, and when the self-heating control program of the charge-discharge battery is executed by a processor, the self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery of the above embodiment is implemented.

[0068] According to the computer-readable storage medium of an embodiment of the present invention, the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is detected, and a charging current adjustment instruction is generated according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, the charging current of the charging and discharging battery is adjusted according to the charging current adjustment instruction. This can make the battery heated evenly, avoid lithium deposition in the battery, and improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0069] The battery manager 30 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a memory 1203, a processor 1201, and a self-heating control program for a charge and discharge battery stored in the memory 1203 and executable on the processor 1201. When the processor 1201 executes the self-heating control program for a charge and discharge battery, the self-heating control method for a charge and discharge battery of the above embodiment is implemented.

[0070] According to the battery manager 30 of the embodiment of the present invention, the processor 1201 executes the self-heating control program of the charging and discharging battery stored in the memory 1203, and adjusts the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, which can make the battery heated evenly, avoid lithium deposition of the battery, and improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0071] like Figure 6 As shown, the battery manager 30 includes at least one processor 1201, at least one communication interface 1202, at least one memory 1203 and at least one communication bus 1204; in an embodiment of the present invention, the number of the processor 1201, the communication interface 1202, the memory 1203 and the communication bus 1204 is at least one, and the processor 1201, the communication interface 1202 and the memory 1203 communicate with each other through the communication bus 1204.

[0072] The memory 1203 may be, but is not limited to, a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable read-only memory (EEPROM), etc. The memory 1203 is used to store a program, and the processor 1201 executes the program after receiving the execution instruction to implement the steps of the air conditioning control method described in the above embodiment.

[0073] The processor 1201 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. The above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The disclosed methods, steps and logic block diagrams in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0074] It should be noted that the logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purpose of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection portion with one or more wirings (electronic device), a portable computer disk box (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing in other suitable ways if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0075] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0076] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, according to the self-heating control system of the charge-discharge battery of the embodiment of the present invention, the self-heating control system implements the self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery of the above embodiment. The self-heating control system includes: a reference electrode 10, a surface electrode 20 and a battery manager 30. The reference electrode 10 is arranged corresponding to the diaphragm 43 between the positive electrode 41 and the negative electrode 42 of the battery cell 40 in the charge-discharge battery, and the surface electrode 20 is arranged corresponding to the surface of the negative electrode 42 of the battery cell 40. Further, the preparation material of the reference electrode 10 can be made of copper, aluminum, lithium, lithium iron phosphate, graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver, silver chloride and other materials, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the reference electrode 10 can also be made of materials that play the same role as the above materials. Further, the surface electrode 20 is in direct contact with the negative electrode 42, thereby establishing an electronic contact channel. The surface electrode 20 is not limited to metal or non-metal conductors. The preparation material of the surface electrode 20 can be made of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon-based two-dimensional materials or other materials with good electronic conductivity.

[0077] The battery manager 30 is the battery manager 30 of the above embodiment, and the battery manager 30 is connected to the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 respectively. The battery manager 30 is used to detect the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, and generate a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, so as to adjust the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. Further, the battery manager can detect the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode placed at different positions of the battery cell.

[0078] Specifically, after the battery manager 30 detects the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, it generates a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20. The battery manager 30 adjusts the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. Preset data may be stored in the battery manager 30. After the battery manager 30 detects the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, it compares it with the preset data, and then the battery manager 30 generates a charging current adjustment instruction. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, by adjusting the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, the charging current of the charging and discharging battery can be dynamically adjusted to prevent the phenomenon of lithium deposition caused by the large-value self-heating current that may damage the active material of the positive electrode 41 and the active material of the negative electrode 42 of the battery, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the battery, and further improving the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, the reference electrode 10 is electronically insulated from the positive electrode 41 and the negative electrode 42 of the battery cell 40, but ionically conductive, and the surface electrode 20 is in direct contact with the negative electrode 42 of the battery cell 40, serving as a stable electrode to output a stable reference potential.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of battery cells 40 may be provided in the charge-discharge battery, and a plurality of reference electrodes 10 and a plurality of surface electrodes 20 may be provided in at least one battery cell 40. The surface electrode 20 is in direct contact with the negative electrode 42, thereby establishing an electronic contact channel to detect the local surface potential of the battery cell 40.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery cell 40 may be provided with a lead-out portion, which is used to lead out the surface electrode 20 and the reference electrode 10, so that the surface electrode 20 and the reference electrode 10 are communicated with the battery manager 30, thereby facilitating the battery manager 30 to detect the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present invention, the placement of the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 generally follows the principle of the maximum temperature difference point. The reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 are preferably placed in the battery cell 40 with a large temperature difference in the charge and discharge battery. Further, the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 can be set in the middle of the battery cell 40, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 can also be set at a remote position away from an external heat source in the battery cell 40, or the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 can also be set at the bottom of the battery cell 40. Such a setting can make the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 set at a reasonable position, can avoid the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the battery, can also make the charge and discharge battery heated evenly, and thus can improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the self-heating control system may include: an insulated gate bipolar transistor, which can output heating current signals of different frequencies and amplitudes in real time according to external input. The insulated gate bipolar transistor can be connected to the battery manager 30 for communication, and the insulated gate bipolar transistor can also be connected to the positive electrode ear 44 and the negative electrode ear 45 of the battery cell 40. The battery manager 30 dynamically adjusts the frequency or current amplitude output by the insulated gate bipolar transistor to the battery cell 40 according to a preset strategy.

[0084] In the present application, the battery manager 30 detects the potential difference between the negative electrode 42 and the reference electrode 10, and between the positive electrode 41 and the reference electrode 10, so as to prevent the lithium deposition caused by the large-scale self-heating current that may damage the active materials of the positive electrode 41 and the negative electrode 42 of the battery, thereby ensuring that the cycle life and safety performance of the battery cell 40 are not affected. In addition, by setting the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, the local potential distribution of the battery cell 40 during self-heating can be detected.

[0085] It should be noted that one of the biggest challenges of self-heating technology is that since the frequency of self-heating is usually high, it will mainly use the impedance of electrons in the metal conductor (i.e., the current collector). Also, since the current density in the battery cell 40 is usually distributed in a gradient along the current collector direction. Also, the heat generation of the battery current collector can be written as Q=I according to the Ohm heat generation formula. 2 *R, so the heat will be very serious near the lead-out position of the battery cell 40, which will cause uneven heating at low temperatures, and the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end can be 30-50 degrees Celsius. Therefore, by dynamically detecting the local potential of the battery cell 40, especially by placing the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 at the middle and bottom of the battery cell 40 where lithium is easily deposited, far away from the heat source, the local potential is of great significance for detecting whether the current self-heating condition has a significant risk.

[0086] In addition, the reference electrode 10 can output a stable standard potential that is not affected by the local potential, and the surface electrode 20 can output a variable surface potential that directly reflects the local potential. By detecting the potential difference between the negative electrode 42 and the reference electrode 10, lithium deposition in the battery cell 40 can be prevented. By detecting the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 and the reference electrode 10, the phenomenon of damaging the active material of the positive electrode 41 of the battery caused by a large self-heating current can be prevented. When the potential of the positive electrode 41 is detected to be higher or lower than the preset interval, the self-heating amplitude is automatically reduced until the detection signal is lower than the preset threshold.

[0087] Reference electrode 10: It is generally made of materials with stable electrochemical reaction pairs. Its potential is generally not affected by the surrounding environment and state, and can be used to output a stable reference potential.

[0088] Surface electrode 20: The surface electrode 20 in the present application specifically refers to a conductor with electronic conductivity. After it contacts the active material of the positive electrode 41 or the negative electrode 42, its potential will automatically remain consistent with the Fermi level of the positive electrode 41 or the negative electrode 42, thereby achieving the purpose of dynamically detecting the electrochemical potential of the active material.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present invention, generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 may include: when the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 is less than the first potential threshold, the battery manager 30 generates a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero. Wherein, when the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 are placed at different positions of the battery cell 40, the battery manager 30 can detect multiple potential differences, and when any one of the multiple potential differences is less than the first potential threshold, the battery manager 30 generates a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero. In the self-heating process of the charge-discharge battery, when the charging current amplitude is zero, it is thermodynamically impossible for the charge-discharge battery to precipitate lithium. When the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 is less than the first potential threshold, a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero is generated, and the charging current of the charge-discharge battery is adjusted to zero, and the charging current of the charge-discharge battery is actively reduced, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium precipitation in the charge-discharge battery.

[0090] Furthermore, when the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, a charging current adjustment instruction is generated according to the first potential threshold and the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the charge-discharge battery. Wherein, when the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 are placed at different positions of the battery cell 40, the battery manager 30 can detect multiple potential differences. When any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, a charging current adjustment instruction is generated according to the first potential threshold and the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the charge-discharge battery.

[0091] Further, when the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, the charging current amplitude corresponding to the charging current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula:

[0092] I_dc=I_dc0*f(s1)*(VN-E_plating),

[0093] Among them, s1 is the first safety parameter, f(s1) is the function of s1, I_dc is the charging current amplitude, I_dc0 is the initial charging current amplitude, VN is the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20, and E_plating is the first potential threshold. It should be noted that f(s1) is a function of s1 and can take values ​​between 0 and 10. It can be set to a fixed value or determined by table lookup according to previous experiments. f(s1) depends on the intrinsic charging and discharging capacity of the charging and discharging battery. The specific value is determined by experiments during strategy testing. It can be a fixed value or a function. The general trend of f(s1) is that for charging and discharging batteries with good charging and discharging capabilities, f(s1) takes a large value, and for charging and discharging batteries with poor charging and discharging capabilities, f(s1) takes a small value. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, by determining the charging current amplitude corresponding to the charging current adjustment instruction according to the above formula, the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the charging and discharging battery during the charging process can be effectively avoided, which can further improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first potential threshold is determined according to the following steps: detecting the potential difference between the negative electrode 42 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10, and further, detecting the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and all the negative electrodes 42; obtaining the potential curve of the negative electrode 42 at different charging rates according to the potential difference between the negative electrode 42 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10, and obtaining the relationship between the lithium plating potential and the charging rate according to the potential curve of the negative electrode 42 at different charging rates; determining the first potential threshold according to the relationship between the lithium plating potential and the charging rate. This setting can accurately determine the first potential threshold, can effectively avoid the lithium plating phenomenon of the charge-discharge battery during the charging process, and can further improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 is greater than or equal to the second potential threshold, the charging and discharging battery is not heated under this condition, and the charging current of the charging and discharging battery is adjusted according to the adjustment of the vehicle controller. Such a setting can effectively avoid the lithium deposition phenomenon of the charging and discharging battery during the charging process, and can further improve the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the potential difference between the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 is less than the first potential threshold, the self-heating control method may further include:

[0097] S10 , detecting the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 . The potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 may be detected by the battery manager 30 .

[0098] S20, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10, so as to adjust the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. The battery manager 30 may generate a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10, so as to adjust the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery.

[0099] Specifically, after the battery manager 30 detects the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10, the battery manager 30 generates a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10, so that the battery manager 30 adjusts the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery. Among them, the battery manager 30 can store preset data, and the battery manager 30 detects the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 and compares it with the preset data, and then the battery manager 30 generates a battery heating current adjustment instruction. During the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery, the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery is adjusted according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction, and the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery can be adjusted in real time, so that the charging and discharging battery can be heated evenly, and the phenomenon of damaging the active material of the positive electrode 41 of the charging and discharging battery caused by the large heating current amplitude current can be prevented, thereby further improving the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0100] In some embodiments of the present invention, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 may include: when the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 is greater than a third potential threshold, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero. Wherein, when the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 are placed at different positions of the battery cell 40, the battery manager 30 may detect multiple potential differences, and when any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than the third potential threshold, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero. During the self-heating process of the charge and discharge battery, when the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 is greater than the third potential threshold, a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero is generated, and the battery heating current of the charge and discharge battery is adjusted to make the battery heating current of the charge and discharge battery zero, thereby actively reducing the heating current of the charge and discharge battery, thereby further avoiding the phenomenon of damaging the active material of the positive electrode 41 of the charge and discharge battery caused by a large heating current amplitude, and making the charge and discharge battery heated evenly, thereby further improving the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0101] When the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, a battery heating current adjustment instruction is generated according to the third potential threshold and the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell and the reference electrode 10. When the reference electrode 10 and the surface electrode 20 are placed at different positions of the battery cell, the battery manager can detect multiple potential differences, and when any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, a battery heating current adjustment instruction is generated according to the third potential threshold and the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10.

[0102] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10 is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, or when any one of the multiple potential differences is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, the heating current amplitude corresponding to the battery heating current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula:

[0103] I_ac=I_ac0*f(s2)*(VP-E_max),

[0104] Among them, s2 is the second safety parameter, f(s2) is the function of s2, I_ac is the heating current amplitude, I_ac0 is the initial heating current amplitude, VP is the potential difference between the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 and the reference electrode 10, and E_max is the third potential threshold.

[0105] It should be noted that, according to safety requirements, f(s2) is a function of s2 and can take values ​​between 0 and 10, and can be set to a fixed value or determined by looking up a table according to previous experiments. During the self-heating process of the charge and discharge battery, by determining the battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the above formula to adjust the heating current amplitude of the charge and discharge battery, the charge and discharge battery can be heated evenly, thereby further avoiding the phenomenon of damaging the active material of the positive electrode 41 of the charge and discharge battery caused by a large heating current amplitude, and further improving the cycle life and safety of the battery.

[0106] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0107] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-heating control method for a charging and discharging battery, It is characterized in that The charge-discharge battery comprises a battery cell, a diaphragm is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell, a reference electrode is provided at the diaphragm, and a surface electrode is provided at the negative electrode surface of the battery cell. The method comprises: detecting a potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode; generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, so as to adjust the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery; Generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, comprising: When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than a first potential threshold, generating a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero; When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to a first potential threshold and less than a second potential threshold, generating the charging current adjustment instruction according to the first potential threshold and the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode; When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, the charging current amplitude corresponding to the charging current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula: I_dc = I_dc0 * f(s1)*(VN - E_plating), Among them, s1 is the first safety parameter, f(s1) is the function of s1, I_dc is the charging current amplitude, I_dc0 is the initial charging current amplitude, VN is the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, and E_plating is the first potential threshold.

2. The self-heating control method of a charge-discharge battery according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The first potential threshold is determined according to the following steps: Detecting the potential difference between the negative electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode; Obtaining a negative electrode potential curve at different charge rates according to the potential difference between the negative electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, and obtaining a relationship between the lithium deposition potential and the charge rate according to the negative electrode potential curve at different charge rates; The first potential threshold is determined according to the relationship between the lithium plating potential and the charging rate.

3. The self-heating control method of a charge-discharge battery according to claim 1, It is characterized in that When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than a first potential threshold, the method further comprises: Detecting the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode; A battery heating current adjustment instruction is generated according to the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, so that the heating current amplitude of the charging and discharging battery can be adjusted according to the battery heating current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery.

4. The self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery according to claim 3, It is characterized in that Generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, comprising: When the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode is greater than a third potential threshold, generating a battery heating current adjustment instruction with a heating current amplitude of zero; When the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode is greater than a fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to a third potential threshold, the battery heating current adjustment instruction is generated according to the third potential threshold and the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode.

5. The self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery according to claim 4, It is characterized in that When the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode is greater than the fourth potential threshold and less than or equal to the third potential threshold, the heating current amplitude corresponding to the battery heating current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula: I_ac = I_ac0 * f(s2)*(VP - E_max), Among them, s2 is the second safety parameter, f(s2) is the function of s2, I_ac is the heating current amplitude, I_ac0 is the initial heating current amplitude, VP is the potential difference between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the reference electrode, and E_max is the third potential threshold.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, It is characterized in that A self-heating control program of a charge-discharge battery is stored thereon, and when the self-heating control program of the charge-discharge battery is executed by a processor, a self-heating control method of a charge-discharge battery according to any one of claims 1-5 is implemented.

7. A battery manager, It is characterized in that The invention comprises a memory, a processor and a self-heating control program of a charge-discharge battery stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the self-heating control program of the charge-discharge battery, the self-heating control method of the charge-discharge battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

8. A self-heating control system for charging and discharging batteries, It is characterized in that include: A reference electrode, the reference electrode corresponds to the diaphragm arrangement between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell in the charge-discharge battery; A surface electrode, the surface electrode is arranged corresponding to the negative electrode surface of the battery cell; A battery manager, the battery manager is connected to the reference electrode and the surface electrode respectively, the battery manager is used to detect the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, and generate a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, so as to adjust the charging current of the charging and discharging battery according to the charging current adjustment instruction during the self-heating process of the charging and discharging battery; Generating a charging current adjustment instruction according to the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, comprising: When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is less than a first potential threshold, generating a charging current adjustment instruction with a charging current amplitude of zero; When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to a first potential threshold and less than a second potential threshold, generating the charging current adjustment instruction according to the first potential threshold and the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode; When the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode is greater than or equal to the first potential threshold and less than the second potential threshold, the charging current amplitude corresponding to the charging current adjustment instruction is determined according to the following formula: I_dc = I_dc0 * f(s1)*(VN - E_plating), Among them, s1 is the first safety parameter, f(s1) is the function of s1, I_dc is the charging current amplitude, I_dc0 is the initial charging current amplitude, VN is the potential difference between the reference electrode and the surface electrode, and E_plating is the first potential threshold.

9. The self-heating control system of the charge-discharge battery according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The reference electrode is electronically insulated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell, but ion-conducting, and the surface electrode is in direct contact with the negative electrode of the battery cell and electronically conductive.

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