A method for cultivating and planting spatholobus spatholobus

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for cultivating and planting sedge grass, and relates to the field of planting technology. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) container selection; (2) substrate; (3) cuttings; (4) seedling cultivation; (5) tray removal; (6) planting. The seedling tray used in the present invention is reusable; the substrate is simple, clean and lightweight, does not require sterilization, and is easy to operate; it saves cuttings; the seedlings can be directly transplanted without damaging the root system, without the risk of disease, and with a short seedling acclimatization period; and the river bank slope protection ecological bricks are easy to plant and construct.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of planting technology, and more specifically to a method for cultivating and planting spatholobiaceae. Background Art

[0002] The perennial creeping herb is native to the South American plateau, with a height of no more than 5cm. The umbel inflorescence has a single flowering period of 4-5 days, and the inflorescence continues to bloom for 25-30 days. The entire flowering period is from March to November. The landscape effect is excellent during the flowering season, and it has higher ecological and social benefits than green lawn plants. After being introduced and planted domestically, it showed excellent traits such as fast growth, light-loving and shade-tolerant, resistance to barrenness, salt-alkali, drought, trampling, and resistance to diseases and pests. The stem nodes of the perennial creeping herb are very easy to form branches, and adventitious roots are formed at the stem nodes close to the soil, which penetrate the soil. The overlapping branches can quickly form a dense mat-like structure on the ground. After six months of stable growth, the organic matter content of the grassland increases, the water storage capacity increases, the soil erosion decreases, the soil mass disintegration rate slows down, and the soil and water conservation effect is obvious.

[0003] The flowering of the weeping grass is not fruitful, and it reproduces asexually by stem segments. At present, the weeping grass has not been used on a large scale in riverside slope greening and soil and water conservation projects. Now the method of carpet-style turf rolls is mostly used to mass-produce ground cover plants, and the propagation method is designed for large-scale flat construction sites such as flat gardens and rooftop lawns. When raising seedlings, 5-10 cm long stem segments are sprinkled on the seedbed substrate. When the coverage rate reaches the transplanting requirement, the whole piece is shoveled up. During construction, it is cut into small grass pieces as needed and spread out for planting. The seedling pad and substrate are complex in structure; the amount of stem segments used is large; the plastic mulch of the isolation layer has poor water permeability and air permeability, and is prone to water accumulation; the wounds formed by cutting have the risk of infection and disease.

[0004] The production method of carpet-style turf rolls is: lay plastic mulch on flat ground, punch holes in the mulch, add or not add absorbent materials such as non-woven fabrics and sponges as an isolation layer from the soil, and take the non-woven fabrics and sponges away with the plants when the seedlings are removed. Fewer holes in the mulch make it impermeable and airtight, while more holes allow a large number of roots to penetrate into the soil of the seedbed. The mixed matrix is ​​composed of a variety of materials such as garden soil, sludge, coal slag, perlite, peat, medicinal residue (or mushroom residue, bagasse, distiller's grains), etc. The chemical and physical indicators such as pH, bulk density, specific gravity, permeability, total porosity, and field water holding capacity are difficult to grasp, and the operation is cumbersome. The cuttings are cut into short stem segments and scattered, and the amount is difficult to control. When the roll grass blanket is transplanted, it is cut into small pieces, causing large-area wounds on the plants, increasing the risk of infection and disease.

[0005] Therefore, providing a method for cultivating spatholobiaceae seedlings in a container and applying it to the planting of slope protection ecological bricks is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a cultivation and planting method of the Herba Lycopodii.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for cultivating and planting spatholobiaceae, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Container selection: Use PET seedling trays;

[0010] (2) Matrix: Peat, perlite and pond mud are mixed evenly in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, and watered until they can be grasped into a ball and fall apart when released; fill the seedling tray with the matrix and flatten the surface of the matrix;

[0011] (3) Cuttings: Select healthy vines of the genus Myrtillus, cut them into 2-3 sections as cuttings, and insert 1-2 cuttings into each hole of the seedling tray; after the cuttings are completed, water them with complete nutrient solution;

[0012] (4) Seedling cultivation: Avoid dry heat and exposure to the sun for the first ten days, and water at least once a day to keep the substrate basically moist; after ten days, cultivate under full light, and the water holding capacity of the substrate should not be less than 50%; spray the leaves with complete nutrient solution once during the growth period;

[0013] (5) Remove the tray: One month later, the new roots of the spatholobus seedlings have covered the entire tray, and the substrate is wrapped by the roots. Remove the spatholobus seedlings from the tray;

[0014] (6) Planting: Fill the holes of the riverbank slope protection bricks with planting soil, add organic fertilizer to the planting soil, and plant the sedge grass seedlings in the holes at a planting density of 40 seedlings / m 2 ; Ensure sufficient water within one month after planting, and then switch to routine maintenance.

[0015] Furthermore, the seedling tray in step (1) is 540 mm long, 280 mm wide, and has square holes; including specifications of 21 holes, 32 holes, 50 holes, 72 holes, 105 holes, 128 holes, and 200 holes.

[0016] Furthermore, the seedling tray in step (1) is preferably of 50-hole or 72-hole specifications;

[0017] 50-hole specification, single hole upper diameter 4.5cm, depth 4.5cm, bottom with permeable hole, bottom diameter 2.0cm;

[0018] 72-hole specification, single hole upper diameter 3.8cm, depth 4.0cm, bottom diameter 2.2cm, with water permeable hole.

[0019] Furthermore, the pond mud in step (2) has been disinfected with quicklime and exposed to sunlight to kill microorganisms and weed seeds.

[0020] Furthermore, the element ratio of the complete nutrient solution in step (3) and step (4) is N: P2O5: K2O = 15-20: 15-20: 15-20, and the mass fraction of the nutrient components is 45%-60%;

[0021] The application amount of the complete nutrient solution is 20-25g / 667m each time 2 , dilute to 800-1000 times liquid and spray in mist form.

[0022] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer in step (6) is decomposed chicken manure or decomposed sheep manure. After the organic fertilizer is mixed with the planting soil, the organic fertilizer accounts for 15-20% of the mixture by weight.

[0023] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] (1) The seedling tray used in the present invention is reusable, and the single hole volume of the seedling container used is 55ML, which is suitable for plant rooting without wasting substrate;

[0025] (2) The substrate is simple to prepare and is clean and free of pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds. The substrate prepared according to this ratio is water-permeable and breathable but not too loose, ensuring that the soil does not fall off during transplanting, and the pond mud can also provide certain nutrients;

[0026] (3) Save cuttings. Cut only very short stem nodes to save materials.

[0027] (4) The root system is intact when transplanting, and the plant has no wounds, which reduces the risk of disease and shortens the seedling acclimatization period;

[0028] (5) The river bank slope protection ecological brick planting construction is convenient. The required number of seedlings is determined according to the size of the slope protection bricks, and the construction is convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 The seedling blocks are obtained from step (5) of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 The cut seedling pieces are obtained in step (5) of comparative example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for cultivating and planting spatholobiaceae, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Container selection: Use a PET seedling tray; the seedling tray in step (1) has a length of 540 mm, a width of 280 mm, 72 holes, a single hole with an upper diameter of 4.5 cm, a depth of 4.5 cm, and a water-permeable hole at the bottom with a diameter of 2.0 cm.

[0036] (2) Matrix: Peat, perlite and pond mud are evenly mixed in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, and watered until they can be grasped into a ball and fall apart when released; fill the seedling tray with the matrix and compact it slightly; the pond mud in step (2) has been disinfected with quicklime and exposed to sunlight to kill microorganisms and weed seeds.

[0037] (3) Cuttings: Select healthy vines of the genus Myrtillus, cut them into 2-3 sections as cuttings, and insert 1-2 cuttings into each hole of the seedling tray; after the cuttings are completed, water them with complete nutrient solution; the element ratio of the complete nutrient solution is: N: P2O5: K2O = 20:20:20, and the mass fraction of the nutrient components is 50%; the application rate of the complete nutrient solution is 25g / 667m each time 2 , dilute to 1000 times liquid and spray in mist form;

[0038] (4) Seedling cultivation: In the first ten days after transplanting, a sunshade net with a shading rate of 50%-70% is used to avoid dry heat and exposure to the sun, and water is applied at least once a day to keep the substrate basically moist; after ten days, full light cultivation is carried out, and the water holding capacity of the substrate is not less than 50%; during the growth period, the leaves are sprayed with a complete nutrient solution once; the element ratio of the complete nutrient solution is: N: P2O5: K2O = 20:20:20, and the mass fraction of the nutrient components is 50%; the application rate of the complete nutrient solution is 20g / 667m each time 2 , dilute to 1000 times liquid and spray in mist form;

[0039] (5) Remove the tray: One month later, the new roots of the spathiphyllum spathiphyllum seedlings have covered the entire tray, and the substrate is wrapped by the roots. Remove the spathiphyllum spathiphyllum seedlings from the tray (see Figure 1 );

[0040] (6) Planting: Fill the holes of the riverbank slope protection bricks with planting soil, and add organic fertilizer to the planting soil (the organic fertilizer in step (6) is decomposed chicken manure or decomposed sheep manure. After the organic fertilizer is mixed with the planting soil, the organic fertilizer accounts for 20% of the mixture by weight); plant the seedlings of the weeping grass in the brick holes, and the planting density of the seedlings is 40 pieces / m 2 ; Ensure sufficient water within one month after planting, and then switch to routine maintenance.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] (1) Construction of planting area: lay plastic mulch on flat ground and punch holes in the mulch with a density of 30 cm 2 / holes, for planting the rolling grass blanket of Jiyan weeping grass;

[0043] Steps (2) to (4) are the same as in Example 1;

[0044] Step (5) Cutting the straw blanket: Cut the straw blanket into small pieces when transplanting. The cutting area is a square of 4 cm long and 4 cm wide (see Figure 2 );

[0045] Step (6) is the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] (1) Container selection is the same as step (1) of Example 1.

[0048] (2) Matrix

[0049] Five matrices were prepared, and the composition and proportion of each matrix were

[0050] Control (ck): coconut bran + perlite, mix evenly in a volume ratio of 7:3.

[0051] Matrix 1 (j1) coconut bran + pond mud, mix evenly in a volume ratio of 7:3.

[0052] Matrix 2 (j2): Perlite + pond mud, mix well in a volume ratio of 5:5.

[0053] Matrix 3 (j3) peat + perlite + pond mud, mix well in the volume ratio of 5:3:2.

[0054] Matrix 4 (j4) coconut bran + perlite + pond mud, mix well in the volume ratio of 5:3:2.

[0055] Matrix 5 (j5) peat + coconut bran + perlite, mix well in a volume ratio of 4:4:2.

[0056] The steps of substrate treatment, cuttings and seedling raising are the same as those of (2) to (4) of Example 1.

[0057] One month after transplanting, the effects of different formula substrates on root growth of cuttings were observed, and the indicators included root number, average root length and rooting rate. The data were summarized and sorted using Excel 2007 software, and variance analysis was performed using SPSS statistical analysis tools. The t-test (p﹤0.05) was used for significant difference analysis.

[0058] Table 1 Effects of different matrix formulas on root growth of cuttings

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] As can be seen from Table 1, J3, i.e., peat + perlite + pond mud, mixed in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, performed best. J4, i.e., coconut bran + perlite + pond mud, mixed in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, performed no significantly different from J3 and can also be used as a culture matrix.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] (1) Container selection

[0064] PET seedling trays were selected, with four specifications: 32 holes (X1), 50 holes (X2), 72 holes (X3), and 128 holes (X4).

[0065] The steps of substrate treatment, cuttings and seedling raising are the same as those of (2) to (4) of Example 1.

[0066] One month after transplanting, the growth quality of cuttings in different plug trays was observed, and the indicators included the number of new leaves and fresh weight per plug. The data were summarized and sorted using Excel 2007 software, and variance analysis was performed using SPSS statistical analysis tools. The t test (p﹤0.05) was used for significant difference analysis.

[0067] Table 2 Growth quality of cuttings and single-hole cost of different plug tray specifications

[0068]

[0069] As can be seen from Table 2, the number of new leaves of the 32-hole seedlings is the largest, and it is significantly different from the other three types of seedlings; there is no significant difference between the 50-hole and 72-hole seedlings; the number of new leaves of the 128-hole seedlings is the least. The fresh weight of a single seedling of the 32-hole seedling is the largest, and the 50-hole and 72-hole seedlings are not significantly different from the 32-hole seedlings. The growth of the 128-hole seedlings is the smallest, and it is significantly different from the other three types of seedlings. Consistent with most research results, the seedling tray with a low number of holes has more single-hole matrix and a large growth space, which is more conducive to individual development, higher plant growth quality, and better comprehensive growth indicators of cutting seedlings. The seedlings with 32 holes, 50 holes, and 72 holes can be directly transplanted in the slope protection project, and the seedlings with 128 holes need to be removed from the tray and transplanted to the seedling bed to continue to grow before they can be planted in the project.

[0070] For consumable materials, the more holes per unit area, the lower the cost of single hole seedlings. In this example, the material costs of single hole seedlings of four specifications of plug tray seedlings are 0.059, 0.046, 0.030 and 0.022 respectively. Considering the economic cost and the quality of seedlings, x3, i.e. 72-hole plug tray, is the best choice for seedling cultivation.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] It is known that the uniform sclerotium that can infect many plants and cause white rot can also infect the sclerotium of Jiyanshe. This is a soil-borne disease. When the sclerotium of Jiyanshe is infected, the base tissue of the stem becomes soft and rotten, the epidermis falls off, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies. Based on planting practice experience, the classification standard of white rot lesions is formulated as shown in Table 3. The disease resistance identification standard is shown in Table 4. The disease index calculation method is: disease index (%) = [∑ (disease level value * number of leaves at the disease level)] / (highest disease level * total number of leaves surveyed)

[0073] Table 3 Grading standards for white rot of cloverleaf

[0074]

[0075] Table 4 Identification of disease resistance of Sclerotium rot

[0076]

[0077] Louisiana iris, an aquatic flower planted in the institute of the present invention, can also be infected with white rot during the growing season. Therefore, pond mud where Louisiana iris was planted was used as the infection source and mixed into the mixed matrix to test the disease resistance of the weeping grass of the rock rot cultivated by different seedling raising methods. The test was carried out in the nursery of the institute. A flat plot was selected and divided into two connected test areas of the same area, each with an area of ​​20 square meters. The test started on July 15. The steps are as follows:

[0078] 1. Prepare the cultivation medium: mix peat + perlite + pond mud in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The peat and perlite have been cleaned. The pond mud is the pond mud that has been used to grow aquatic flowers such as Louisiana iris in this nursery. Louisiana iris has been infected with white rot and is dried until it can be broken by knocking. Add decomposed chicken manure to the mixed medium, with a soil-fertilizer volume ratio of 8:2, and mix thoroughly.

[0079] 2. Plant material preparation: Material 1 (C1): The seedlings of the spatholobiaceae cultivated in Example 1, with 72 holes and a seedling period of 30 days. Material 2 (C2): The seedlings of the spatholobiaceae cultivated by the conventional seedling cultivation method in Comparative Example 1, with a seedling period of 30 days, cut into blocks of 4.0 cm*4.0 cm in size.

[0080] 3. Planting: Spread the prepared substrate evenly in the test area, and then plant the rockgrass, planting 50 seedlings per square meter, and 1,000 seedlings in each area.

[0081] 4. Disease records: The disease situation was investigated and recorded on July 20, July 25, July 30, August 5, and August 15. According to the infection of S. rutaecarpa with white rot, the disease index was calculated after infection and the disease resistance was identified. The identification results are shown in Table 5.

[0082] Table 5 Identification of disease resistance to Sclerotium rot in two seedlings of Glechoma longituba

[0083]

[0084] M1 is Example 1; M2 is Comparative Example 1;

[0085] As can be seen from Table 5, the seedlings produced by the present invention were not infected with the disease after one month of planting, while the seedlings grown by the traditional method were infected with white rot on the 20th day after cutting and planting, and the disease index was 5. After one month of planting, the disease index reached 12. It can be seen that the seedlings of the weeping grass of Jiyan are immune to white rot, and the weeping grass of Jiyan with cut wounds will be infected with white rot.

[0086] 5. Disease control: Drug control was carried out on the susceptible test site. Thiofur-tebuconazole 27% suspension was diluted to 1500 times. After two days of water control, spraying was carried out in the afternoon when the temperature began to drop. Once every 7 days, a total of 3 times of drug application, the disease was controlled, the sclerotium disappeared, the area of ​​the contiguous disease center gradually shrank, and the plants began to grow compensatorily.

[0087] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating and planting spatholobiaceae, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Container selection: Choose PET seedling tray; The seedling tray is 540 mm long, 280 mm wide, and has square holes; the seedling tray includes 50 holes or 72 holes, a single hole volume of 55 ML, and a water-permeable hole at the bottom; The 50-hole specification has a single hole upper diameter of 4.5 cm, a depth of 4.5 cm, and a bottom diameter of 2.0 cm; The 72-hole specification has a single hole upper diameter of 3.8 cm, a depth of 4.0 cm, and a bottom diameter of 2.2 cm; (2) Matrix: Peat, perlite and pond mud are mixed evenly in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, and watered until they can be grasped into a ball and fall apart when released; the seedling tray is filled with the matrix and the surface of the matrix is ​​flattened; the pond mud has been disinfected with quicklime and exposed to sunlight to kill microorganisms and weed seeds; (3) Cuttings: Select healthy vines of the genus Myrtillus, cut them into 2-3 sections as cuttings, and insert 1-2 cuttings into each hole of the seedling tray; after the cuttings are completed, water them with complete nutrient solution; The element ratio of the complete nutrient solution is: N: P2O5: K2O = 20: 20: 20, and the mass fraction of the nutrient components is 50%; the application amount of the complete nutrient solution is 25g / 667m each time. 2 , dilute to 1000 times liquid and spray in mist form; (4) Seedling cultivation: Avoid dry heat and exposure to the sun for the first ten days, and water at least once a day to keep the substrate basically moist; cultivate under full light after ten days, with the water holding capacity of the substrate not less than 50%; spray the leaves with the complete nutrient solution described in step (3) once during the growth period; the application rate of the complete nutrient solution is 20 g / 667 m 2 , dilute to 1000 times liquid and spray in mist form; (5) Remove the tray: One month later, the new roots of the spatholobus seedlings have covered the entire tray, and the substrate is wrapped by the roots. Remove the spatholobus seedlings from the tray. (6) Planting: Fill the holes of the riverbank slope protection bricks with planting soil and add organic fertilizer to the planting soil; plant the sedge grass seedlings in the holes at a planting density of 40 seedlings / m 2 ; Ensure sufficient water within one month after planting, and then switch to routine maintenance.

2. The method for cultivating and planting the Herba Lycopodii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer in step (6) is decomposed chicken manure or decomposed sheep manure. After the organic fertilizer is mixed with the planting soil, the organic fertilizer accounts for 15-20% of the mixture by weight.

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