A test device and test method for a drive axle of engineering machinery

Abstract

The present invention proposes a test device and an experimental method for a drive axle of engineering machinery, comprising a drive axle group, a test box, a fixing mechanism and a test mechanism. According to the provided test mechanism, in a load-bearing test on the drive axle, the load-bearing blocks can first be placed in batches on each layer of the clamping assembly for fixing and then placed in the box for testing. When the test is overloaded or does not reach the load-bearing point, the redundant load-bearing blocks on the uppermost clamping assembly can be quickly ejected and unloaded through the provided moving assembly, which prevents cumbersome operations and improves the test efficiency of the drive axle. According to the provided clamping assembly, load-bearing blocks of different weights can be quickly clamped and fixed, thereby enhancing the scope of application. In addition, during the test, load-bearing blocks of various weights can be used to further accurately determine the load-bearing capacity of the drive axle group, thereby not affecting the test effect of the drive axle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery drive axles, and specifically proposes an engineering machinery drive axle test device and an experimental method. Background Art

[0002] The vehicle drive axle, also known as the power axle or swing axle, refers to an important vehicle component that transmits the power of the vehicle engine to the road through the drive wheels. The main function of the drive axle is to receive the power generated by the engine and convert it into the rotational power of the wheels, thereby driving the vehicle. The quality of the drive axle directly affects the performance of the entire vehicle, such as handling, driving safety, load capacity, energy utilization, etc. Therefore, as an important component of the vehicle, the drive axle must undergo rigorous design, experimentation, manufacturing and testing to ensure its quality and reliability. The present invention is directed to the vehicle drive axle load-bearing test: the load-bearing test is to test the load-bearing capacity of the drive axle under various loads. The drive axle is placed under different loads and large forces for testing to verify the bearing capacity and strength of the drive axle.

[0003] At present, the following problems still exist in the process of load-bearing test on drive axles: 1. In the process of load-bearing test on drive axles, the traditional method is generally to directly apply load-bearing blocks to the box body on the drive axle for testing. When the test is overloaded or does not reach the load-bearing point, this method is not easy to quickly load and unload the load-bearing blocks, which makes the operation cumbersome and affects the test efficiency of the drive axle.

[0004] 2. In the process of load-bearing test on the drive axle, load-bearing blocks of the same weight are generally used for testing, which makes it impossible to accurately test the load-bearing capacity of the drive axle group, which will have a certain impact on the test effect of the drive axle.

[0005] Therefore, in order to avoid affecting the test efficiency and test effect of the drive axle, the present invention provides a test device and an experimental method for a drive axle of an engineering machinery. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a test device and experimental method for a drive axle of an engineering machinery, aiming to solve the problems of the prior art that affect the test efficiency and test effect of the drive axle.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve it: a construction machinery drive axle test device, including a drive axle group, a test box is arranged above the drive axle group, a placement groove with a rectangular structure is opened at the top center position of the test box, and a detachable test mechanism for testing the load capacity of the drive axle group is arranged in the test box through a fixing mechanism arranged symmetrically on the left and right.

[0008] The test mechanism includes a horizontal plate located in the test box, a fixed plate matching the placement groove is fixedly installed at the bottom center position of the horizontal plate, and the left and right ends of the horizontal plate are both inclined structures from the middle of the horizontal plate to the two sides downward, and at the same time, clamping grooves are also opened on the left and right sides of the top of the horizontal plate, and vertical plates located between the two clamping grooves are symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the horizontal plate, and movable grooves are opened on the opposite surfaces of the two vertical plates, and connecting plates are slidingly arranged in the two movable grooves, and driving components for controlling the up and down movement of the connecting plates are arranged on the vertical plates, and multiple groups of detachable clamping components for fixing the bearing blocks are arranged above the connecting plates, and disassembly components are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the top of the clamping components and the connecting plate, and a step groove is opened at the center position of the horizontal plate, and a two-way electric push rod is fixedly installed in the step groove, and the front and rear moving ends of the two-way electric push rod are both provided with moving components for controlling the movement of the bearing blocks.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fixing mechanism includes a displacement groove opened at the top of the inner end surface of the test box, an inverted L-shaped plate with a vertical section in the displacement groove is slidably connected in the displacement groove through a driving member, a rectangular through groove is opened in the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped plate, a T-shaped block is slidably arranged in the rectangular through groove, the horizontal section of the T-shaped block and the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped plate are fixedly connected by a movable spring, and the bottom of the vertical section of the T-shaped block is an inclined structure and cooperates with the inclined part of the horizontal plate.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the driving assembly includes a fixed rod fixedly installed in a movable groove on the left vertical plate and slidably connected to the connecting plate, and a threaded rod rotatably arranged in the movable groove on the right vertical plate and connected to the connecting plate by threads, and an installation groove is opened at the top of the horizontal plate near the right side, and a first forward and reverse motor fixedly installed in the installation groove and fixedly connected to the threaded rod.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the clamping assembly includes a structural plate located above the connecting plate, wherein limiting grooves are symmetrically provided on the left and right sides of the bottom of the structural plate, fixing grooves are symmetrically provided on the left and right sides of the limiting grooves, rectangular plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the structural plate, a plurality of rectangular grooves are evenly provided on the top of the structural plate from left to right, an adjusting rod is rotatably provided in the middle of the structural plate, a section of the adjusting rod is located in the rectangular groove and has a threaded structure with opposite rotation directions, and two supporting blocks connected to the adjusting rod by threads are slidably provided in each rectangular groove, a containing groove is provided on the right side of the structural plate, a second forward and reverse motor fixedly connected to the adjusting rod is fixedly provided in the containing groove, and a clamping plate with an L-shaped structure is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting block in each rectangular groove, an anti-slip pad is fixedly installed on the opposite surface of the clamping plate in each rectangular groove, a plurality of semi-arc grooves are evenly provided on the top of the horizontal section of the clamping plate, and rolling balls are provided for rolling in the semi-arc grooves.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the disassembly assembly includes a rectangular frame fixedly installed on the top of the rectangular plate and on the left and right sides of the top of the horizontal plate, and sliding grooves are opened on the left and right sides of the rectangular frame, and fixed blocks corresponding to the fixed grooves are slidably arranged in the sliding grooves. The fixed block is located in the rectangular frame and one end thereof is fixedly installed with a first wedge block, and the first wedge block and the inner wall of the rectangular frame are fixedly connected by a return spring, and a trapezoidal block matching the first wedge block is fixedly installed on the top of the inner end surface of the rectangular frame through an electric telescopic rod.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the moving assembly includes a stabilizing plate fixedly installed at the moving end of the bidirectional electric push rod, and a sliding through slot is opened on the opposite sides of the two stabilizing plates, and a moving block slidably connected to the sliding through slot is fixedly installed in the sliding through slot by a cylinder, and the opposite sides of the moving blocks are fixedly installed with mounting plates, and a plurality of rectangular grooves are evenly arranged from left to right on the mounting plate, and a plurality of pushing plates located in the middle of the rectangular grooves are evenly and slidably arranged on the mounting plate from left to right, and a pressure block is fixedly installed on the opposite back sides of the front and rear pushing plates, and the pressure block and the mounting plate are fixedly connected by an extrusion spring, and a limiting plate is fixedly installed on the opposite back sides of the front and rear moving blocks through the electric push rod, and a plurality of fixed through slots corresponding to the pressure block are evenly arranged from left to right on the limiting plate, and sliding slots connected to the fixed through slot are opened at the left and right ends of the fixed through slot, and a blocking plate for blocking the pressure block is slidably connected in the sliding slot by a telescopic spring, and an electromagnet with the same magnetic property is fixedly installed on one end of the sliding slot close to the fixed through slot and on the blocking plate.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a scale is provided on the opposite surface of the stabilizing plate near the left side.

[0015] The present invention also provides a test method for an engineering machinery drive axle, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Placement and fixation: First, place the test device in the test box and fix it with a fixing mechanism.

[0017] S2. Place the bearing block: After completing step S1, place the test bearing block on the test mechanism to fix it.

[0018] S3, test: After completing step S2, start the drive axle assembly to conduct uphill, downhill and bumpy road tests to determine the load-bearing capacity of the drive axle assembly.

[0019] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0020] According to the test mechanism provided in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, during the load-bearing test on the drive axle, the load-bearing blocks can first be placed in batches on each layer of the clamping assembly and fixed thereafter and then placed in the box for testing. When the test is overloaded or does not reach the load-bearing point, the mobile assembly that is set can quickly eject and unload the excess load-bearing blocks on the topmost clamping assembly, thereby preventing cumbersome operations and improving the test efficiency of the drive axle.

[0021] Furthermore, the clamping assembly provided in accordance with the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention can quickly clamp and fix load-bearing blocks of different weights, thereby enhancing the scope of application, and during the test process, a variety of load-bearing blocks of different weights can be used to further accurately determine the load-bearing capacity of the drive axle group, thereby not affecting the test effect of the drive axle.

[0022] Furthermore, the fixing assembly provided in accordance with the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention can quickly clamp and limit the test assembly to prevent the test mechanism from moving during the test process, which would affect the test results.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the engineering machinery drive axle test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an engineering machinery drive axle test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional plan structure of the engineering machinery drive axle test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A local enlarged view of point M.

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A local enlarged view of location N.

[0030] Figure 6The present invention Figure 3 AA section view.

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A local enlarged view of point X.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the stacking structure of the clamping components.

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a work flow chart of the present invention.

[0034] Icons: 1-drive axle assembly; 2-test box; 3-fixing mechanism; 31-inverted L-shaped plate; 32-T-shaped block; 33-moving spring; 4-test mechanism; 41-horizontal plate; 42-fixing plate; 43-vertical plate; 44-connecting plate; 45-drive assembly; 451-fixing rod; 452-threaded rod; 46-clamping assembly; 461-structural plate; 462-rectangular plate; 463-adjusting rod; 464-support block; 465-clamp Tightening plate; 47-disassembly assembly; 471-rectangular frame; 472-fixed block; 473-first wedge block; 474-reset spring; 475-trapezoidal block; 48-moving assembly; 481-stabilizing plate; 49-scale; 482-moving block; 483-mounting plate; 484-pushing plate; 485-pressing block; 486-extrusion spring; 487-limiting plate; 488-telescopic spring; 489-blocking plate; 480-electromagnet. Implementation

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A construction machinery drive axle test device comprises a drive axle group 1, a test box 2 is arranged above the drive axle group 1, a placement slot with a rectangular structure is opened at the top center position of the test box 2, and a detachable test mechanism 4 for testing the load capacity of the drive axle group 1 is arranged in the test box 2 through a fixing mechanism 3 arranged symmetrically on the left and right.

[0037] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3The test mechanism 4 includes a horizontal plate 41 located in the test box 2, a fixed plate 42 matched with the placement groove is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the horizontal plate 41, and the left and right ends of the horizontal plate 41 are both inclined downward from the middle of the horizontal plate 41 to both sides, and the left and right sides of the top of the horizontal plate 41 are also provided with clamping grooves, and the left and right sides of the top of the horizontal plate 41 are symmetrically fixedly installed with vertical plates 43 located between the two clamping grooves, and the opposite surfaces of the two vertical plates 43 are provided with moving grooves, and the two moving grooves A connecting plate 44 is provided for sliding together inside, a driving assembly 45 for controlling the up and down movement of the connecting plate 44 is provided on the vertical plate 43, a plurality of groups of detachable clamping assemblies 46 for fixing the bearing block are provided above the connecting plate 44, disassembly assemblies 47 are symmetrically provided on the left and right sides of the clamping assemblies 46 and the top of the connecting plate 44, a step groove is provided at the center of the horizontal plate 41, a two-way electric push rod is fixedly installed in the step groove, and a moving assembly 48 for controlling the movement of the bearing block is provided at the front and rear moving ends of the two-way electric push rod.

[0038] In the original state, the test mechanism 4 for testing the load capacity of the drive axle group 1 is first placed in the test box 2. After being placed, it is fixed by the set fixing mechanism 3 to prevent the test mechanism 4 from moving during the test, which may affect the test results. At the same time, under the action of the driving component 45, the connecting plate 44 is located at the top of the moving groove. Next, the clamping component 46 is quickly placed on the connecting plate 44 through the disassembly component 47. At this time, the load-bearing blocks for testing the load capacity of the drive axle group 1 are placed in batches on the clamping component 46, and the multiple load-bearing blocks are simultaneously placed on the same horizontal line through the set moving component 48. Finally, they are quickly clamped and fixed by the clamping component 46. The set clamping component 46 can be used to quickly clamp and fix load-bearing blocks of different weights, thereby enhancing the scope of application, and a variety of load-bearing blocks of different weights can be used during the test. To further accurately determine the load-bearing capacity of the drive axle group, after fixing, the set driving component 45 is used to make the clamping component 46 on the connecting plate 44 drive the clamped and fixed load-bearing block to be located in the test box 2. At this time, the drive axle group 1 can be started to test uphill, downhill and bumpy roads until the drive axle group 1 cannot be started or a special situation occurs during the starting process, and then the maximum load-bearing capacity of the drive axle group 1 is determined. When the drive axle group 1 can be easily started and driven away, the driving component 45 drives the load-bearing blocks placed on the first group of clamping components 46 to move upward, and then a group of clamping components 46 are stacked one by one through the disassembly component 47. After each layer is stacked, the driving component 45 can be started to determine the load-bearing capacity, and the redundant load-bearing blocks on the top clamping component 46 can also be quickly ejected and unloaded through the set moving component 48, which prevents cumbersome operations and improves the testing efficiency of the drive axle.

[0039] See also Figure 3and Figure 5 The fixing mechanism 3 includes a displacement groove opened at the top of the inner end surface of the test box 2, and an inverted L-shaped plate 31 with a vertical section in the displacement groove is slidably connected in the displacement groove through a driving member. A rectangular through groove is opened in the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped plate 31, and a T-shaped block 32 is slidably arranged in the rectangular through groove. The horizontal section of the T-shaped block 32 and the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped plate 31 are fixedly connected by a movable spring 33. The bottom of the vertical section of the T-shaped block 32 is an inclined structure and matches the inclined part of the horizontal plate 41.

[0040] In the original state, first place the fixed plate 42 at the bottom of the horizontal plate 41 into the placement groove on the test box 2. After placement, use the provided driving member (electric slider or electric push rod, etc.) to move the inverted L-shaped plate 31 in the displacement groove, and then move toward the end close to the horizontal plate 41. During the movement, the vertical section of the T-shaped block 32 first contacts the inclined part of the horizontal section of the horizontal plate 41. When the inverted L-shaped plate 31 moves to the side of the displacement groove close to the horizontal plate 41, the vertical section of the T-shaped block 32 corresponds to the clamping groove at the top of the horizontal plate 41. At this time, under the action of the moving spring 33, the T-shaped block 32 is clamped into the clamping groove on the horizontal plate 41, thereby completing the rapid limitation of the horizontal plate 41.

[0041] See also Figure 3 The driving assembly 45 includes a fixed rod 451 fixedly installed in a movable groove on the left vertical plate 43 and slidably connected to the connecting plate 44, and a threaded rod 452 is rotatably arranged in the movable groove on the right vertical plate 43 and is threadedly connected to the connecting plate 44. An installation groove is opened at the top of the horizontal plate 41 near the right side, and a first forward and reverse motor fixedly installed in the installation groove and fixedly connected to the threaded rod 452.

[0042] After the horizontal plate 41 is limited and fixed by the set fixing mechanism 3, the first forward and reverse motor is started to rotate forward, and the first forward and reverse motor drives the threaded rod 452 to rotate. At this time, the connecting plate 44 is moved upward under the limitation of the fixing rod 451, so as to facilitate the installation of the clamping assembly 46. When the clamped and fixed support block needs to be placed in the test box 2, the first forward and reverse motor is started to reverse.

[0043] See also Figure 3 and Figure 8The clamping assembly 46 includes a structural plate 461 located above the connecting plate 44, and the bottom of the structural plate 461 is symmetrically provided with limit grooves on the left and right sides, and the limit grooves are symmetrically provided with fixing grooves on the left and right sides. A rectangular plate 462 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top of the structural plate 461, and a plurality of rectangular grooves are evenly provided on the top of the structural plate 461 from left to right. An adjusting rod 463 is rotatably provided in the middle of the structural plate 461, and a section of the adjusting rod 463 located in the rectangular groove is a threaded structure with opposite rotation directions, and each rectangular groove is slidable. Two supporting blocks 464 are dynamically provided which are connected to the adjusting rod 463 by threads, a containing groove is opened on the right side of the structural plate 461, a second forward and reverse motor which is fixedly connected to the adjusting rod 463 is fixedly installed in the containing groove, and a clamping plate 465 with an L-shaped structure is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting block 464 in each rectangular groove, an anti-slip pad is fixedly installed on the opposite surface of the clamping plate 465 in each rectangular groove, a plurality of semi-arc grooves are evenly opened on the top of the horizontal section of the clamping plate 465, and rolling balls are rolled in the semi-arc grooves.

[0044] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The disassembly component 47 includes a rectangular frame 471 fixedly installed on the top of the rectangular plate 462 and the left and right sides of the top of the horizontal plate 41, and sliding grooves are opened on the left and right sides of the rectangular frame 471. A fixed block 472 corresponding to the fixed groove is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, and a first wedge block 473 is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed block 472 located in the rectangular frame 471. The first wedge block 473 and the inner wall of the rectangular frame 471 are fixedly connected by a return spring 474, and a trapezoidal block 475 matching the first wedge block 473 is fixedly installed on the top of the inner end surface of the rectangular frame 471 through an electric telescopic rod.

[0045] When the connecting plate 44 is located at the top of the moving groove under the action of the driving component 45, the structural plate 461 is placed above the connecting plate 44, and the rectangular frame 471 on the connecting plate 44 is just clamped into the limiting groove at the bottom of the structural plate 461. After clamping, the electric telescopic rod is started, and the electric telescopic rod makes the trapezoidal block 475 move upward, and the trapezoidal block 475 pushes the first wedge block 473 to squeeze the reset spring 474, so that the fixing block 472 on the first wedge block 473 is clamped into the fixing groove on the structural plate 461, and then the structural plate 461 is clamped and fixed to avoid the structural plate 461 from falling off during the test, which will affect the test efficiency. After the structural plate 461 is fixed, the load-bearing blocks used to test the load capacity of the drive axle group 1 are batched. The horizontal section of the clamping plate 465 is placed in each rectangular groove. After being placed, the moving component 48 is used to make multiple bearing blocks quickly and simultaneously located at the same horizontal position. The rolling ball set on the horizontal section of the clamping plate 465 can reduce a certain friction force to facilitate the rapid movement of the bearing blocks. After the multiple bearing blocks are in the same horizontal position, the second forward and reverse motor is started to rotate forward, and the second forward and reverse motor drives the adjusting rod 463 to rotate, so that the support block 464 in the rectangular groove drives the clamping plate 465 to move toward each other, thereby quickly completing the clamping and fixing of the bearing blocks. The anti-slip pad can increase the friction force to better clamp and fix the bearing blocks. When the bearing blocks need to be taken out, the second forward and reverse motor is started to reverse, so that the clamping plate 465 no longer fixes the bearing blocks.

[0046] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7The moving assembly 48 includes a stabilizing plate 481 fixedly installed at the moving end of the bidirectional electric push rod, and a sliding groove is provided on the opposite surfaces of the two stabilizing plates 481. A moving block 482 slidably connected to the sliding groove is fixedly installed in the sliding groove by a cylinder, and a mounting plate 483 is fixedly installed on the opposite surface of the moving block 482. A plurality of rectangular grooves are evenly arranged on the mounting plate 483 from left to right, and a plurality of push plates 484 located in the middle of the rectangular grooves are evenly slidably arranged on the mounting plate 483 from left to right. A pressing block 485 is fixedly installed on the opposite back surface of the push plates 484 arranged in front and behind, and a compression spring 486 is provided between the pressing block 485 and the mounting plate 483. Fixedly connected, the opposite back sides of the moving blocks 482 arranged front and rear are fixedly installed with a limit plate 487 through an electric push rod, and a plurality of fixed through grooves corresponding to the pressure block 485 are evenly arranged on the limit plate 487 from left to right, and sliding grooves connected to the fixed through grooves are arranged at the left and right ends of the fixed through grooves, and a blocking plate 489 for blocking the pressure block 485 is slidably connected in the sliding groove through a telescopic spring 488, and an electromagnet 480 is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding groove close to the fixed through groove, and the electromagnet 480 in the sliding groove is slidably connected to the blocking plate 489, and an electromagnet 480 is fixedly installed on the blocking plate 489 located in the sliding groove, and the electromagnet 480 has the same magnetic property.

[0047] See also Figure 3 A scale 49 is provided on the opposite side of the stabilizing plate 481 near the left side.

[0048] When the load bearing blocks for testing the load capacity of the drive axle group 1 are placed in batches on the horizontal section of the clamping plate 465, (such as Figure 6As shown), all the push plates 484 are in the same horizontal position. At this time, the cylinder can accurately move the moving block 482 to the position corresponding to the bearing block by first using the scale 49 set on the stabilizing plate 481, so that the push plates 484 on the front and rear sides are located on the front and rear sides of the bearing block. At this time, the two-way electric push rod is started, and the two-way electric push rod makes the front and rear two stabilizing plates 481 move towards each other. At this time, the mounting plate 483 on the stabilizing plate 481 makes the push plate 484 synchronously push the bearing block to move on the clamping plate 465, and makes multiple bearing blocks quickly in the same horizontal line. When the bearing block on the clamping assembly 46 is overloaded, the set driving assembly 45 is first used to make the uppermost clamping assembly 46 be located above the test box 2. At this time, according to the bearing block of the blanking The number of blocks is different, so the corresponding electromagnet 480 is kept inactive, and the other electromagnets 480 are activated. At this time, the electromagnets 480 repel each other, so that the blocking plate 489 squeezes the telescopic spring 488, and causes the blocking plate 489 to shrink and be located in the sliding groove, so that the blocking plate 489 no longer limits the pressing block 485 and no longer plays a role in unloading. At this time, the cylinder is started so that the pushing plate 484 that has not been contracted on the mounting plate 483 is located below the bearing block that needs to be unloaded, and the two-way electric push rod is started at the same time, so that the mounting plate 483 on the stabilizing plate 481 makes the pushing plate 484 located directly below the bearing block. When the clamping assembly 46 no longer fixes the bearing block, the cylinder is started to move upward at this time, and the rapid ejection and unloading of the bearing block is completed. When it is necessary to restore the pushing plate 484 (such as Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the electric push rod is started, which makes the limit plate 487 move away from the pressure block 485. At this time, the electromagnet 480 is no longer started. Under the action of the telescopic spring 488, the blocking plate 489 is located in the fixed through groove. Finally, the electric push rod is started to return to the original position, which can synchronously restore the multiple push plates 484 to the original position.

[0049] See also Fig. 9 The present invention also provides a test method for a construction machinery drive axle, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1. Placement and fixation: first place the fixing plate 42 at the bottom of the horizontal plate 41 into the placement groove on the test box 2. After placement, use the provided driving member (electric slider or electric push rod, etc.) to move the inverted L-shaped plate 31 in the displacement groove, and then move to the end close to the horizontal plate 41. During the movement, the vertical section of the T-shaped block 32 first contacts the inclined part of the horizontal section. When the inverted L-shaped plate 31 moves to the side of the displacement groove close to the horizontal plate 41, the vertical section of the T-shaped block 32 corresponds to the clamping groove at the top of the horizontal plate 41. At this time, under the action of the moving spring 33, the T-shaped block 32 is clamped into the clamping groove on the horizontal plate 41, thereby completing the rapid limitation of the horizontal plate 41.

[0051] S2, placing the bearing block: After the completion of step S1, firstly, the connecting plate 44 is located at the top of the moving groove under the action of the driving assembly 45, and the structural plate 461 is placed above the connecting plate 44, and the rectangular frame 471 on the connecting plate 44 is just clamped into the limiting groove at the bottom of the structural plate 461. After clamping, the electric telescopic rod is started, and the electric telescopic rod makes the trapezoidal block 475 move upward, and the trapezoidal block 475 pushes the first wedge block 473 to squeeze the reset spring 474, so that the fixed block 472 on the first wedge block 473 is clamped to the structure. The structural plate 461 is then clamped and fixed in the fixed groove on the structural plate 461. At this time, the load-bearing blocks used to test the load capacity of the drive axle group 1 are placed in batches on the horizontal section of the clamping plate 465 in each rectangular groove. After being placed, the set moving component 48 is used to make multiple load-bearing blocks quickly and simultaneously located at the same horizontal position. At this time, the second forward and reverse motor is started to rotate forward, and the second forward and reverse motor drives the adjusting rod 463 to rotate, so that the support block 464 in the rectangular groove drives the clamping plate 465 to move toward each other, thereby quickly completing the clamping and fixing of the load-bearing blocks.

[0052] S3. Test: After completing step S2, start the drive axle assembly 1 to test uphill, downhill and bumpy roads until the drive axle assembly 1 cannot be started or a special situation occurs during the starting process, and then judge the maximum load-bearing capacity of the drive axle assembly 1. When the drive axle assembly 1 can be easily started and driven away, the drive component 45 drives the load-bearing blocks placed on the first group of clamping components 46 to move upward, and then the disassembly component 47 is used to stack one group of clamping components 46 in sequence. After each layer is stacked, the drive component 45 can be started to judge the load-bearing capacity. At the same time, the movable component 48 can also be used to quickly eject and unload the redundant load-bearing blocks on the top clamping component 46, which prevents cumbersome operations and improves the test efficiency of the drive axle.

[0053] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple", "multiple roots", and "multiple groups" mean two or more.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "connect", "install", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for a driving axle of an engineering machinery, characterized in that: The invention comprises a drive axle assembly (1), wherein a test box (2) is arranged above the drive axle assembly (1), a placement slot having a rectangular structure is provided at the top center position of the test box (2), and a detachable test mechanism (4) for testing the load capacity of the drive axle assembly (1) is arranged in the test box (2) via a fixing mechanism (3) arranged symmetrically on the left and right; wherein: The test mechanism (4) comprises a horizontal plate (41) located in the test box (2), a fixed plate (42) matched with the placement groove is fixedly installed at the center position of the bottom of the horizontal plate (41), and the left and right ends of the horizontal plate (41) are both inclined downward from the middle of the horizontal plate (41) to both sides, and the top left and right sides of the horizontal plate (41) are also provided with clamping grooves, and the top left and right sides of the horizontal plate (41) are also symmetrically fixed with vertical plates (43) located between the two clamping grooves, and the opposite surfaces of the two vertical plates (43) are provided with movable grooves, and the two movable grooves are provided with movable grooves. A connecting plate (44) is slidably arranged together, a driving assembly (45) for controlling the connecting plate (44) to move up and down is arranged on the vertical plate (43), a plurality of groups of detachable clamping assemblies (46) for fixing the bearing block are arranged above the connecting plate (44), and disassembly assemblies (47) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the top of the clamping assemblies (46) and the connecting plate (44), a stepped groove is opened at the center of the horizontal plate (41), a bidirectional electric push rod is fixedly installed in the stepped groove, and a moving assembly (48) for controlling the movement of the bearing block is arranged at the front and rear moving ends of the bidirectional electric push rod; The clamping assembly (46) comprises a structural plate (461) located above the connecting plate (44), the bottom of the structural plate (461) has limit grooves symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, the limit grooves have fixed grooves symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, the top of the structural plate (461) has rectangular plates (462) symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides, the top of the structural plate (461) has a plurality of rectangular grooves evenly arranged from left to right, the middle of the structural plate (461) is rotatably provided with an adjusting rod (463), the adjusting rod (463) is located in the rectangular groove and has a threaded structure with opposite rotation directions, and each rectangular groove has a plurality of rectangular grooves arranged on the top of the structural plate (461). Two support blocks (464) are slidably provided and are connected to the adjustment rod (463) by threads, a containing groove is provided on the right side of the structural plate (461), a second forward and reverse motor fixedly connected to the adjustment rod (463) is fixedly installed in the containing groove, and a clamping plate (465) with an L-shaped structure is fixedly installed on the top of the support block (464) in each rectangular groove, and an anti-slip pad is fixedly installed on the opposite surface of the clamping plate (465) in each rectangular groove, and a plurality of semi-arc grooves are evenly provided on the top of the horizontal section of the clamping plate (465), and rolling balls are rollingly provided in the semi-arc grooves; The disassembly assembly (47) comprises a rectangular frame (471) fixedly mounted on the top of the rectangular plate (462) and on the left and right sides of the top of the horizontal plate (41); sliding grooves are provided on the left and right sides of the rectangular frame (471); a fixing block (472) corresponding to the fixing groove is slidably arranged in the sliding groove; a first wedge block (473) is fixedly mounted on one end of the fixing block (472) located in the rectangular frame (471); the first wedge block (473) and the inner wall of the rectangular frame (471) are fixedly connected via a return spring (474); a trapezoidal block (475) matching the first wedge block (473) is fixedly mounted on the top of the inner end surface of the rectangular frame (471) via an electric telescopic rod; The moving assembly (48) includes a stabilizing plate (481) fixedly installed at the moving end of the bidirectional electric push rod, a sliding groove is opened on the opposite surfaces of the two stabilizing plates (481), a moving block (482) slidably connected to the sliding groove is fixedly installed in the sliding groove through a cylinder, and a mounting plate (483) is fixedly installed on the opposite surface of the moving block (482), a plurality of rectangular grooves are evenly arranged on the mounting plate (483) from left to right, and a plurality of pushing plates (484) located in the middle of the rectangular grooves are evenly slidably arranged on the mounting plate (483) from left to right, and a pressure block (485) is fixedly installed on the opposite back surface of the pushing plates (484) arranged in front and behind, and the pressure block (485) is fixedly installed on the opposite back surface of the pushing plates (484) arranged in front and behind. The block (485) and the mounting plate (483) are fixedly connected by a compression spring (486), and the opposite back surfaces of the movable blocks (482) arranged in the front and rear are fixedly installed with a limit plate (487) through an electric push rod, and a plurality of fixed through grooves corresponding to the pressing block (485) are evenly provided on the limit plate (487) from left to right, and sliding grooves connected to the fixed through grooves are provided at the left and right ends of the fixed through grooves, and a blocking plate (489) for blocking the pressing block (485) is slidably connected in the sliding groove by a telescopic spring (488), and an electromagnet (480) with the same magnetic property is fixedly installed on one end of the sliding groove close to the fixed through groove and on the blocking plate (489).

2. The engineering machinery drive axle test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism (3) comprises a displacement groove formed at the top of the inner end surface of the test box (2), an inverted L-shaped plate (31) having a vertical section in the displacement groove being slidably connected in the displacement groove via a driving member, a rectangular through groove formed in the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped plate (31), a T-shaped block (32) being slidably arranged in the rectangular through groove, the horizontal section of the T-shaped block (32) and the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped plate (31) being fixedly connected via a movable spring (33), and the bottom of the vertical section of the T-shaped block (32) being in an inclined structure and matching the inclined portion of the horizontal plate (41).

3. The engineering machinery drive axle test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (45) comprises a fixed rod (451) fixedly mounted in a movable groove on the left vertical plate (43) and slidably connected to the connecting plate (44); a threaded rod (452) rotatably arranged in the movable groove on the right vertical plate (43) and connected to the connecting plate (44) by means of a thread; a mounting groove is provided at a position near the right side of the top of the horizontal plate (41); a first forward and reverse motor fixedly mounted in the mounting groove and connected to the threaded rod (452) is fixedly mounted in the mounting groove.

4. The engineering machinery drive axle test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A scale (49) is provided on the opposite surface of the stabilizing plate (481) near the left side.

5. The engineering machinery drive axle test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test method for the above-mentioned engineering machinery drive axle using the above-mentioned test device comprises the following steps: S1. Placement and fixing: first, place the test mechanism (4) in the test box (2) and fix it using the fixing mechanism (3); S2, placing the bearing block: after completing step S1, placing the test bearing block on the test mechanism (4) to fix it; S3, test: After step S2 is completed, the drive axle assembly (1) is started to perform uphill, downhill and bumpy road tests, thereby determining the load-bearing capacity of the drive axle assembly (1).

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