Shaft rapid excavation apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a vertical shaft rapid excavation equipment, which comprises a base body, a deep pit groove is formed in the top of the base body, a base and a second ring beam are arranged in the deep pit groove, a fixing assembly for positioning the second ring beam is arranged on the top of the base, a positioning frame is fixedly connected to the circumferential inner wall of the second ring beam, a moving groove is formed in one side of the positioning frame, a sliding column is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the moving groove, and a moving block is sleeved with the circumferential outer wall of the sliding column. In the application, the drill bit can be driven to rotate together with the horizontal plate during the circumferential movement of the horizontal plate, the drilling depth and position of the drill bit can be adjusted by starting the hydraulic rod during the drilling of the drill bit, the drilling area of the drill bit is enlarged, the drilling demand of people on the vertical shaft is met, the whole drilling process does not need manual work to go deep into the bottom of the vertical shaft, the safety of the whole equipment is further improved, and the drilling efficiency on the vertical shaft is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft excavation technology, and more specifically, to a rapid shaft excavation device. Background Technology

[0002] The vertical, well-like pipes with upright walls are generally referred to as shafts, but they are actually a type of collapsed funnel structure. In plan view, they are square, elongated, or irregular in shape. Long strips extend along one set of joints, while squares or circles extend along two sets of joints.

[0003] Currently, shaft construction refers to the general term for vertical well excavation, stonework (permanent support), and equipment installation during the extraction of underground sediments. Furthermore, based on the geological and hydrogeological differences of the wellbore passing through rock strata, well construction is divided into two types: ordinary construction for the surface soil layer and bedrock section, and special construction.

[0004] A search revealed Chinese utility model patent CN206681737U, which discloses a large-section vertical shaft excavation system. This system includes a top horizontal shaft, an excavated top platform within the top horizontal shaft, a track installed on the top platform, and a temporary bridge machine mounted on the track via a rolling mechanism. A vertical chute is excavated at the bottom of the top horizontal shaft, and a chute platform covers the top of the chute. A small backhoe loader is installed on top of the chute platform and is located inside the vertical shaft. A slag discharge channel is located at the bottom of the chute, and a large excavator is installed inside the slag discharge channel.

[0005] The aforementioned patent allows for one-time, all-around slag removal with fewer procedures, ensuring construction progress. At the same time, the platform covers the slag chute to ensure safety. No manual assistance is required except for the operator. It can be used multiple times, has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is highly safe.

[0006] However, the aforementioned patents have the following shortcomings: Since the excavation of vertical shafts involves workers hoisting small backhoe excavators or excavators into the shaft, this construction method requires simultaneous excavation and muck removal, significantly reducing construction efficiency. Furthermore, if a permeable layer is encountered during construction, the groundwater level inside the shaft can rise rapidly, requiring workers to drain the groundwater before continuing construction, further extending the entire construction period. Additionally, the excavation process carries the risk of encountering toxic gases, posing a health hazard to workers and resulting in low safety, failing to meet user needs. Therefore, a rapid shaft excavation device is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the problems in the related technologies, the present invention proposes a rapid shaft excavation device to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0009] A rapid shaft excavation device includes a base, a deep pit is formed on the top of the base, and a base and a second ring beam are arranged inside the deep pit;

[0010] The top of the base is provided with a fixing component for positioning the second ring beam;

[0011] A positioning frame is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the second ring beam. A moving groove is provided on one side of the positioning frame. A sliding column is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the moving groove. A moving block is sleeved on the outer circumference of the sliding column. A positioning groove is provided on the top outer wall of the moving block. A connecting arm is engaged inside the positioning groove. A circular plate is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the connecting arm.

[0012] A sealing cover is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the circular plate, a second motor is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the sealing cover, a drive gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor, the drive gear meshes with a first driven gear, a first rotating rod is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the first driven gear, and a horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first rotating rod.

[0013] The bottom of the horizontal plate is provided with a first rotating seat, the first rotating seat is rotatably connected to a hydraulic rod, the output end of the hydraulic rod is rotatably connected to a second rotating seat, the second rotating seat is fixedly connected to a fixed seat, the fixed seat is fixedly connected to a first motor, and the first motor is rotatably connected to the bottom outer wall of the horizontal plate.

[0014] A drill bit is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor, and the drill bit has equally spaced drill teeth on its outer circumference.

[0015] Furthermore, the fixing assembly includes a base and a support fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the base. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the support. An unwinding roller is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the rotating shaft. A steel cable is wound onto the outer circumference of the unwinding roller. A protective shell is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the base. An arc-shaped cover is fixedly connected to the top of the protective shell. One end of the steel cable passes through the inside of the protective shell and the arc-shaped cover. A connecting block is fixedly connected to one end of the steel cable. An installation groove is formed on the outer circumference of the second ring beam. The connecting block is fixed inside the installation groove.

[0016] Furthermore, a guide roller is provided inside the arc-shaped cover, and the outer circumferential wall of the steel cable contacts the outer circumferential wall of the guide roller. The guide roller is rotatably connected to the outer walls of both sides of the arc-shaped cover.

[0017] Furthermore, a circumferential groove is provided at the bottom of the second ring beam, and the thickness of the inner wall at the bottom of the second ring beam is less than the thickness of the inner wall at the top.

[0018] Furthermore, a fixing groove is provided on one side of the outer wall of the positioning frame. There are two sets of fixing grooves, and fixing screws are provided inside the two sets of fixing grooves. The positioning frame is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the second ring beam by the fixing screws.

[0019] Furthermore, a second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the top inner wall of the sealing cover, and a second driven gear is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the second rotating rod, the second driven gear meshing with the first driven gear.

[0020] Furthermore, there are three sets of fixing components, and the three sets of fixing components are distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals on the top of the base.

[0021] Furthermore, a first assembly hole is provided on the top outer wall of the second ring beam. The first assembly hole is distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals on the top outer wall of the second ring beam. The cross-section of the first assembly hole is a regular hexagon. A first locking pin is inserted into the inside of the first assembly hole. The first locking pin cooperates with the first assembly hole and is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first ring beam.

[0022] Furthermore, a second assembly hole is provided on the top outer wall of the second ring beam. The second assembly hole is distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals on the top outer wall of the second ring beam. The cross-section of the second assembly hole is circular. A second locking pin is inserted into the interior of the second assembly hole. The second locking pin cooperates with the second assembly hole and is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first ring beam.

[0023] Furthermore, a hoisting groove is provided on the top outer wall of the first ring beam, and a horizontal column is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the hoisting groove.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] This invention provides a rapid shaft excavation device. Through the configuration of a first ring beam, a second ring beam, a base, and a drill bit, when workers need to excavate a shaft, they can first excavate a deep pit in the excavation area using an excavator. Then, workers lay the base on top of the deep pit. After the base is laid, workers hoist the second ring beam into the base. The second ring beam not only provides good support for the inner circumference of the shaft but also absorbs the tension generated during the shaft's sinking process. Simultaneously, the bottom of the second ring beam has a circumferential groove, thus forming a sharp edge at the bottom. The steel blade has the advantage of ensuring that the second ring beam does not encounter too much resistance during its descent, making the descent of the second ring beam smoother and thus further improving the excavation speed of the shaft. Subsequently, the workers inject water into the shaft to keep it saturated. The saturated water can balance the groundwater level of the surrounding soil, making the excavation process smoother. At the same time, it can also mix with the residue generated during the shaft excavation to form sludge water, which makes it easy for the workers to quickly discharge the residue from the shaft, thus serving as a medium for transporting the residue.

[0026] Subsequently, the workers simultaneously activated the first and second motors. The first motor drove the drill bit at its output shaft to rotate, thus stirring up the soil at the bottom of the shaft to complete the excavation. Simultaneously, as the drill bit rotated, the second motor drove the drive gear, which meshed with the first driven gear, causing the first driven gear and the first rotating rod to rotate together. The rotation of the first rotating rod caused the horizontal plate to move in a circular motion. The drill bit, positioned below the horizontal plate, also rotated during this motion. Furthermore, the drilling depth and position of the drill bit could be adjusted by activating the hydraulic rod, thereby expanding the excavation area and meeting the needs of shaft excavation. The entire excavation process did not require manual access to the bottom of the shaft, further improving the safety of the equipment and increasing the efficiency of shaft excavation.

[0027] This invention provides a rapid shaft excavation device. Through the setting of fixed components, as the second ring beam descends with the shaft, the inner circumference of the second ring beam is connected to a steel cable via connecting blocks, thus ensuring the stability of the second ring beam during its descent. This allows the entire excavation device to maintain stable excavation operations at all times. Furthermore, by setting multiple sets of guide rollers inside the arc-shaped cover, the steel cable can be prevented from tangling during the unwinding process, reducing the failure rate of the equipment during operation. During the descent of the second ring beam, the steel cable is driven down along with it. At the same time, the end of the steel cable away from the second ring beam is wrapped around the outer circumference of the unwinding roller, thus enabling rapid unwinding of the steel cable. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall bottom view of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall half-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the middle.

[0035] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram at point C.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the first and second ring beams of the present invention.

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 1. Base; 2. First ring beam; 3. Second ring beam; 4. Fixing assembly; 4001. Connecting block; 4002. Steel cable; 4003. Arc-shaped cover; 4004. Guide roller; 4005. Protective shell; 4006. Base; 4007. Unwinding roller; 4008. Support seat; 4009. Rotating shaft; 5. Base body; 6. Horizontal column; 7. Lifting slot; 8. First assembly hole; 9. Second assembly hole; 10. Mounting slot; 11. Circular groove; 12. Circular groove 13. Plate; 14. Hydraulic rod; 15. First rotating seat; 16. Fixed seat; 17. First motor; 18. Drill bit; 19. Positioning frame; 20. Fixed groove; 21. Moving block; 22. Sliding column; 23. Moving groove; 24. Connecting arm; 25. First locking pin; 26. Second motor; 27. Sealing cover; 28. Drive gear; 29. ​​First rotating rod; 30. First driven gear; 31. Horizontal plate; 32. Second locking pin. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solution of this patent will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0040] The embodiments of this patent are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this patent, and should not be construed as limiting this patent.

[0041] In the description of this patent, it should be understood that the terms “center,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this patent and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this patent.

[0042] In the description of this patent, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or setting, a detachable connection or setting, or an integral connection or setting. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this patent according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] Please see Figure 1-8 A vertical shaft rapid excavation device includes a base 5, a deep pit is opened on the top of the base 5, and a base 1 and a second ring beam 3 are arranged inside the deep pit.

[0044] The top of the base 1 is provided with a fixing component 4 for positioning the second ring beam 3;

[0045] A positioning frame 18 is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the second ring beam 3. A moving groove 22 is provided on one side of the positioning frame 18. A sliding column 21 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the moving groove 22. A moving block 20 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the sliding column 21. A positioning groove is provided on the top outer wall of the moving block 20. A connecting arm 23 is snapped into the positioning groove. A circular plate 12 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the connecting arm 23.

[0046] A sealing cover 26 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the circular plate 12. A second motor 25 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the sealing cover 26. A drive gear 27 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 25. The drive gear 27 meshes with a first driven gear 29. A first rotating rod 28 is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the first driven gear 29. A horizontal plate 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first rotating rod 28.

[0047] A first rotating seat 14 is provided at the bottom of the horizontal plate 31. A hydraulic rod 13 is rotatably connected to the first rotating seat 14. A second rotating seat is rotatably connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod 13. A fixed seat 15 is fixedly connected to the second rotating seat. A first motor 16 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 15. The first motor 16 is rotatably connected to the bottom outer wall of the horizontal plate 31.

[0048] A drill bit 17 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 16. The outer circumference of the drill bit 17 is provided with equally spaced drill teeth. When the operator simultaneously starts the first motor 16 and the second motor 25, the first motor 16 drives the drill bit 17 at its output shaft to rotate, thereby stirring up the soil at the bottom of the shaft and completing the excavation work. Simultaneously, as the drill bit 17 rotates, the second motor 25 drives the drive gear 27. The drive gear 27 meshes with the first driven gear 29, thus driving the first driven gear 29 and the first rotating rod 28 to rotate together. During the rotation of the first rotating rod 28, the horizontal plate 31 can be driven to make a circular motion. At the same time, the drill bit 17 is set below the horizontal plate 31. Therefore, during the circular motion of the horizontal plate 31, the drill bit 17 can be driven to rotate together. During the excavation process of the drill bit 17, the excavation depth and position of the drill bit 17 can be adjusted by activating the hydraulic rod 13, thereby expanding the excavation area of ​​the drill bit 17 and meeting people's needs for vertical shaft excavation. Moreover, the entire excavation process does not require manual entry to the bottom of the vertical shaft, further improving the safety of the entire equipment and also improving the excavation efficiency of the vertical shaft.

[0049] Preferably, the fixing assembly 4 includes a base 4006 and a support 4008 fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the base 1. A rotating shaft 4009 is rotatably connected to the top of the support 4008. A unwinding roller 4007 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the rotating shaft 4009. A steel cable 4002 is wound onto the outer circumference of the unwinding roller 4007. A protective shell 4005 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the base 4006. An arc-shaped cover 4003 is fixedly connected to the top of the protective shell 4005. One end of the steel cable 4002 passes through the interior of the protective shell 4005 and the arc-shaped cover 4003. A connecting block 4001 is fixedly connected to one end of the steel cable 4002. An installation groove 10 is provided on the outer circumference of the second ring beam 3. The connecting block 4001 is fixed inside the installation groove 10. A guide roller 4004 is provided inside the arc-shaped cover 4003. The wall contacts the outer circumferential wall of the guide roller 4004. The guide roller 4004 is rotatably connected to the outer walls of both sides of the arc-shaped cover 4003. During the process of the second ring beam 3 sinking with the shaft, the inner circumferential wall of the second ring beam 3 is connected to the steel cable 4002 through the connecting block 4001, which can ensure the stability of the second ring beam 3 during the descent process, so that the entire excavation equipment can always maintain stable excavation work. In addition, by setting multiple sets of guide rollers 4004 inside the arc-shaped cover 4003, the steel cable 4002 can be prevented from getting tangled during the unwinding process, reducing the failure rate of the equipment during operation. During the descent of the second ring beam 3, the steel cable 4002 will be driven down together. At the same time, the end of the steel cable 4002 away from the second ring beam 3 is wrapped around the outer circumferential wall of the unwinding roller 4007, thus enabling the rapid unwinding of the steel cable 4002.

[0050] Preferably, the bottom of the second ring beam 3 is provided with a ring groove 11, and the thickness of the inner wall of the bottom of the second ring beam 3 is less than the thickness of the inner wall of the top. The ring groove 11 at the bottom of the second ring beam 3 forms a sharp steel blade at the bottom of the second ring beam 3. The advantage of this design is that it can ensure that the second ring beam 3 will not encounter great resistance during the sinking process, making the descent of the second ring beam 3 smoother, thereby further improving the excavation rate of the shaft.

[0051] Preferably, a fixing groove 19 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the positioning frame 18. There are two sets of fixing grooves 19, and fixing screws are provided inside the two sets of fixing grooves 19. The positioning frame 18 is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the second ring beam 3 by fixing screws.

[0052] Preferably, a second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the top inner wall of the sealing cover 26, and a second driven gear 30 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the second rotating rod. The second driven gear 30 meshes with the first driven gear 29.

[0053] Preferably, there are three sets of fixing components 4, and the three sets of fixing components 4 are distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals on the top of the base 1.

[0054] Preferably, the top outer wall of the second ring beam 3 is provided with a first assembly hole 8, which is distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals on the top outer wall of the second ring beam 3. The cross-section of the first assembly hole 8 is a regular hexagon. A first locking post 24 is inserted into the first assembly hole 8, and the first locking post 24 cooperates with the first assembly hole 8. The first locking post 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first ring beam 2. The top outer wall of the second ring beam 3 is provided with a second assembly hole 9, which is distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals on the top outer wall of the second ring beam 3. The cross-section of the second assembly hole 9 is circular. A second locking post 32 is inserted into the second assembly hole 9, and the second locking post 32 cooperates with the second assembly hole 9. The second locking post 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first ring beam 2. This allows for the rapid assembly of the first ring beam 2 and the second ring beam 3, and provides good support for the inner wall of the shaft in real time.

[0055] Preferably, a hoisting groove 7 is provided on the top outer wall of the first ring beam 2, and a horizontal column 6 is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the hoisting groove 7.

[0056] In summary, by means of the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, when workers need to excavate a shaft, they can first dig a deep foundation pit in the excavation area using an excavator. Then, workers lay the base 1 on top of the deep foundation pit. After the base 1 is laid, workers hoist the second ring beam 3 into the base 1. The second ring beam 3 not only provides good support for the inner circumference of the shaft but also absorbs the tension generated during the shaft's descent. Simultaneously, the bottom of the second ring beam 3 has a ring groove 11, thus forming a sharp steel blade at the bottom. The advantage of this design is that it effectively ensures that the second ring beam 3 does not encounter significant resistance during descent, making the descent of the second ring beam 3 more efficient. The smooth flow of water further increased the excavation speed of the shaft. Workers then injected water into the shaft to maintain a saturated state. This saturated water balanced the groundwater level in the surrounding soil, making the excavation process smoother. Simultaneously, the water mixed with the debris generated during excavation to form sludge, facilitating the quick removal of debris from the shaft and serving as a medium for transporting the debris. Then, workers simultaneously started the first motor 16 and the second motor 25. The first motor 16 drove the drill bit 17 at its output shaft to rotate, thus stirring up the soil at the bottom of the shaft to complete the excavation. Simultaneously, as the drill bit 17 rotated, the second motor 25 drove the main... The driving gear 27 meshes with the first driven gear 29, thus driving the first driven gear 29 and the first rotating rod 28 to rotate together. During the rotation of the first rotating rod 28, the horizontal plate 31 can be driven to rotate in a circular motion. Simultaneously, the drill bit 17 is positioned below the horizontal plate 31, so the circular motion of the horizontal plate 31 drives the drill bit 17 to rotate as well. During the excavation process, the excavation depth and position of the drill bit 17 can be adjusted by activating the hydraulic rod 13, thereby expanding the excavation area of ​​the drill bit 17 and meeting the needs for vertical shaft excavation. Furthermore, the entire excavation process does not require manual access to the bottom of the vertical shaft, further improving the safety of the entire equipment and enhancing the protection of the vertical shaft. The excavation efficiency of the well is improved. As the second ring beam 3 descends with the vertical shaft, the inner circumference of the second ring beam 3 is connected to the steel cable 4002 via the connecting block 4001, which ensures the stability of the second ring beam 3 during its descent. This allows the entire excavation equipment to maintain stable excavation operations. Furthermore, by setting multiple sets of guide rollers 4004 inside the arc-shaped cover 4003, the steel cable 4002 can be prevented from tangling during unwinding, reducing the failure rate of the equipment during operation. During the descent of the second ring beam 3, the steel cable 4002 will descend along with it. At the same time, the end of the steel cable 4002 away from the second ring beam 3 is wrapped around the outer circumference of the unwinding roller 4007, thus enabling rapid unwinding of the steel cable 4002.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft rapid excavation equipment comprising a base body (5), characterized in that, The top of the base body (5) is provided with a deep groove, and the inside of the deep groove is provided with a base (1) and a second ring beam (3); the top of the base (1) is provided with a fixing assembly (4) for positioning the second ring beam (3); The circumferential inner wall of the second ring beam (3) is fixedly connected with a positioning frame (18), one side of the positioning frame (18) is provided with a moving groove (22), the bottom inner wall of the moving groove (22) is fixedly connected with a sliding column (21), the circumferential outer wall of the sliding column (21) is sleeved with a moving block (20), the top outer wall of the moving block (20) is provided with a positioning groove, the inside of the positioning groove is clamped with a connecting arm (23), and the circumferential outer wall of the connecting arm (23) is fixedly connected with a circular plate (12); The top outer wall of the circular plate (12) is fixedly connected with a sealing cover (26), the top outer wall of the sealing cover (26) is fixedly connected with a second motor (25), the output end of the second motor (25) is fixedly connected with a driving gear (27), the driving gear (27) is engaged with a first driven gear (29), the circumferential inner wall of the first driven gear (29) is fixedly connected with a first rotating rod (28), and the bottom of the first rotating rod (28) is fixedly connected with a horizontal plate (31); The bottom of the horizontal plate (31) is provided with a first rotating seat (14), the first rotating seat (14) is rotatably connected with a hydraulic rod (13), the output end of the hydraulic rod (13) is rotatably connected with a second rotating seat, the second rotating seat is fixedly connected with a fixing seat (15), the fixing seat (15) is fixedly connected with a first motor (16), and the first motor (16) is rotatably connected to the bottom outer wall of the horizontal plate (31); The output end of the first motor (16) is fixedly connected with a drill bit (17), and the circumferential outer wall of the drill bit (17) is provided with drill teeth distributed at equal distances; The fixing assembly (4) comprises a base (4006) and a supporting seat (4008) fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the base (1), a rotating shaft (4009) rotatably connected to the top of the supporting seat (4008), a pay-off roller (4007) fixedly connected to the circumferential outer wall of the rotating shaft (4009), a steel cable (4002) wound on the circumferential outer wall of the pay-off roller (4007), a protective shell (4005) fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the base (4006), an arc-shaped cover (4003) fixedly connected to the top of the protective shell (4005), one end of the steel cable (4002) penetrating from the inside of the protective shell (4005) and the arc-shaped cover (4003), a connecting block (4001) fixedly connected to one end of the steel cable (4002), and an installation groove (10) formed in the circumferential outer wall of the second ring beam (3), wherein the connecting block (4001) is fixed in the inside of the installation groove (10); The bottom of the second ring beam (3) is provided with a ring cutting groove (11), and the thickness of the bottom inner wall of the second ring beam (3) is smaller than that of the top inner wall.

2. A shaft rapid excavation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The arc-shaped cover (4003) is internally provided with a guide roller (4004), the circumferential outer wall of the steel cable (4002) is in contact with the circumferential outer wall of the guide roller (4004), and the guide roller (4004) is rotationally connected to the two side outer walls of the arc-shaped cover (4003).

3. A vertical shaft rapid excavation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, A fixing groove (19) is formed in one side outer wall of the positioning frame (18), the fixing groove (19) is provided with a fixing screw rod, and the positioning frame (18) is fixedly connected to the circumferential inner wall of the second ring beam (3) through the fixing screw rod.

4. A vertical shaft rapid excavation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, A second rotating rod is rotationally connected to the top inner wall of the sealing cover (26), the circumferential outer wall of the second rotating rod is fixedly connected with a second driven gear (30), and the second driven gear (30) is in mesh with the first driven gear (29).

5. A shaft rapid excavation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, The fixing assembly (4) is in three groups, and the three groups of fixing assemblies (4) are equidistantly and circularly distributed on the top of the base (1).

6. A vertical shaft rapid excavation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, A first assembly hole (8) is formed in the top outer wall of the second ring beam (3), the first assembly hole (8) is equidistantly and circularly distributed on the top outer wall of the second ring beam (3), the cross section of the first assembly hole (8) is a regular hexagon, a first clamping column (24) is inserted into the first assembly hole (8), the first clamping column (24) is matched with the first assembly hole (8), and the first clamping column (24) is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first ring beam (2).

7. A shaft rapid excavation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein, A second assembly hole (9) is formed in the top outer wall of the second ring beam (3), the second assembly hole (9) is equidistantly and circularly distributed on the top outer wall of the second ring beam (3), the cross section of the second assembly hole (9) is circular, a second clamping column (32) is inserted into the second assembly hole (9), the second clamping column (32) is matched with the second assembly hole (9), and the second clamping column (32) is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first ring beam (2).

8. A vertical shaft rapid excavation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, A hoisting groove (7) is formed in the top outer wall of the first ring beam (2), and the circumferential inner wall of the hoisting groove (7) is fixedly connected with a cross column (6).

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